2011高考英语语法总结 31页

高三英语语法总结 ‎ 窗体底端 高三英语语法总结 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。‎ 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。‎ ‎1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。‎ Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。‎ ‎2、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。‎ 一般可分为两类：‎ ‎1)，简单谓语 由动词(或短语动词)构成。‎ 可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。‎ Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。‎ ‎2)，复合谓语：情态动词+不定式 Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。‎ ‎3、表语 表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。‎ Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。‎ ‎4、宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。‎ WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。‎ 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。‎ Hegavemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。‎ 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：‎ Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。‎ ‎5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。‎ 用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。‎ Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。‎ 但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。‎ Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。‎ ‎6、状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。‎ HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦。‎ ‎7.补语用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作，因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整，如：make(使...),ask(请)等等。如果我们说：我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说：我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的(beautiful)”为形容词做补语，说明祖国的状态。英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为：形容词，副词，名词，不定式，ing形式，数词等。‎ 句子的类型：‎ ‎1.主语+谓语 ‎2.主语+谓语+状语 ‎3.主语+谓语+宾语 ‎4.主语+系动词+表语 ‎5.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 ‎6.主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语 ‎7.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 高中英语语法总结 高中英语常见语法错误列举分析 ‎ 窗体底端 本文将对高中英语常见语法错误进行列举分析，近年来，随着课程新标准的颁布，高中英语的改革不断深化，系统的语法学习显得越来越重要。一个好的语法基础无疑会高效率地帮助学生清楚地了解句子结构，规范语言的实际运用并使之富有逻辑性，同时提高语言功底以及融会贯通和理解能力。‎ 同时，高考中对语法的考查也呈现出新特点：单纯的语法规则测试题减少，而代之以语法加语境，语法加上下文，语法加比较辨析等三个方面的题目。我们的语法学习也应该顺应这个潮流。从易犯错误的地方入手，无疑是系统学习语法，应对高考新特点的最好切入点。‎ 下面笔者依据近年的高考试题，总结了英语学习中易犯的一些错误：‎ 一. 词法方面 词法方面，词语的辨析成为现今高考命题的重点，对考生来说也是一大难点。其综合性越来越强，很多题目要根据上下文，反复比较才能做出正确判断。这也提醒我们学习词语时，要关注它的多个意思，同时不要死记硬背，要在具体的语言环境里灵活地学习和掌握。‎ ‎1. ____ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004 北京)‎ A. With B. Besides C. As for D. Because of 本题说的是：因为担心两门考试，这个周末我不得不拼命学习。句意很简单明了，besides“除了”，as for“至于”两个选项很容易排除，因此许多同学根据字面意思选择了错误选项D。错误的原因是because ‎ of后边不能接复合宾语，而正确答案A项构成的with独立结构也可表原因。所谓with独立结构是指with+名词(或代词)+分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语 ‎2. ----Do you like____ here?‎ ‎----Oh , yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. (2004 全国一)‎ A. this B. these C. that D. it 很多同学看到The air, the weather, the way of life，以为这么多东西，当然应该是these了，从而误选了B。此处it指代这些东西，同时对应了Everything。正确答案是D 二. 动词的时态 动词的时态依然是亘古不变的重点。时态的考查也不再局限于过去时，过去完成进行时等也开始出现在考卷上。这一类题目中，理解其所给的语境成为答对题目的关键。另外，试题中还故意设计出了一些陷阱：如经常出现在某一种时态中的时间状语放在另一种时态里。考生极易犯思维定式的错误，所以，务必认真审题也变得非常重要。‎ ‎1. The crazy fans____ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived .( 2004重庆)‎ A were waiting B. had been waiting C. had waited D. would wait 这道时态题难度不小，从题目中的场景可知，空格处的“等待”动作应发生在“arrived”之前，即过去的过去，所以应用过去完成时;同时“for two hours”这个时间状语告诉我们该句强调的是动作在过去一直持续进行。综合二者，我们选择一个最佳答案：过去完成进行时。答案为：B ‎2. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931)____the world leading inventor for sixty years.(2004辽宁)‎ A. would be B. has been C. had been D. was 此题难度较大，无数考生拜倒在其脚下。错误的原因是：看到for sixty years，再加上前面用了一般现在时的动词is，便以为是现在完成时，所以选择B。殊不知题目中给出的是一段过去的时间(1847-1931)，而一般过去时也可以用以描述过去的一段时间的事实。所以答案是D：爱迪生过去曾经连续60年是世界上发明创造界的领袖。‎ 三. 三大类从句 对于从句的把握，不仅对语法题目意义重大，对写作也大有裨益。要弄明白名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句三者的区别和联系，要了解各自的引导词以及引导的句子种类，从本质上把握它们。‎ ‎1. A modern city has been set up in____ was a wasteland ten years ago.(2004 天津)‎ A. what B. which C .that D. where 此题解答时，易把汉语的习惯移植进去：十年前曾是一片废墟的地方，从而误选D。本题中，空格及空格后面的部分共同做介词in的宾语。而在这个宾语从句中，空格部分又要做主语。毫无疑问，where是副词的性质，从来只能做状语，决不可能做主语。同时本题有没有给定一个供选择的范围，所以排除了which。正确答案是A 四. 分词 分词使我们中国学生最头疼的语法点知识。很多学生读了研究生后依然搞不清楚现在分词和过去分词。其实，只要适当的加以分类和记忆，便能迅速地理情头绪，并彻底掌握它。‎ ‎1. -----such a good chance, he planed to learn more.‎ A. To be given B. Having been given C. Having given D. Giving 该题有三个关键点：主语he，谓语动作plan，非谓语动作give;he与give之间很显然是被动关系，所以排除表主动的现在分词C和D;give这个动作明显在谓语动作plan之前，所以选择完成式B ‎2. -----time, he will make a first-class tennis player.‎ A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 该题的三个关键点：主语he，谓语动作make，非谓语动作give：he与give之间同样是被动关系，而ABC均为主动，所以选D。该题如果增加难度，可以加入一个迷惑选项：被动完成式having been given，此项也不可选，因为完成式必须表示动作已发生过;本题中动作只是一种假设，尚未发生。‎ 高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词 ‎ 窗体底端 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词进行详细介绍，希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助：‎ 情态动词的语法特征 ‎1) 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。‎ ‎2) 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。‎ ‎3) 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。‎ ‎4) 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。‎ 比较can 和be able to ‎1)cancould 表示能高考资源网力;可能 (过去时用could),‎ 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。‎ They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。‎ ‎2)只用be able to a. 位于助动词后。‎ b. 情态动词后。‎ c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。‎ d. 用于句首表示条件。‎ e. 表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。‎ He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.‎ ‎= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.‎ 注意：could不表示时态 ‎1)提出委婉的请求，(注意在回答中不可用could)。‎ ‎--- Could I have the television on?‎ ‎--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.‎ ‎2)在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。‎ He couldn't be a bad man.‎ 他不大可能是坏人。‎ 比较may和might ‎1) 表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首，表示祝愿。‎ May God bless you!‎ He might be at home.‎ 注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。‎ ‎2) 成语： may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为"不妨"。‎ If that is the case, we may as well try.‎ 典型例题 Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.‎ A. mustB. mayC. canD. will 答案B. 表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。‎ 比较have to和must ‎1)两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。‎ My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)‎ He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)‎ ‎2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。‎ He had to look after his sister yesterday.‎ ‎3) 在否定结构中： don't have to表示"不必"‎ mustn't表示"禁止"，‎ You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。‎ You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。‎ must表示推测 ‎1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。‎ ‎2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。‎ You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)‎ He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。‎ 比较：‎ He must be staying there.‎ 他现在肯定呆在那里。‎ He must stay there.‎ 他必须呆在那。‎ ‎3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。‎ I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。‎ ‎4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。‎ ‎---Why didn't you answer my phone call?‎ ‎---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.‎ ‎5) 否定推测用can't。‎ If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。‎ 表示推测的用法 can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：‎ ‎1)情态动词+动词原形。‎ 表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。‎ I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.‎ ‎2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。‎ 表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。‎ At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.‎ 这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。‎ ‎3)情态动词+动词完成时。‎ 表示对过去情况的推测。‎ We would have finished this work by the end of next December.‎ 明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。‎ The road is wet. It must have rained last night.‎ 地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。‎ ‎4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。‎ 表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。‎ Your mother must have been looking for you.‎ 你妈妈一定一直在找你。‎ ‎5)推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。‎ Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.‎ 迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。‎ 注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。‎ 情态动词+have+过去分词 ‎1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。‎ Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.‎ Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.‎ ‎2)must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有"肯定"，"谅必"的意思。‎ ‎---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.‎ ‎---She must have gone by bus.‎ ‎3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth 本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。‎ You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.‎ He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。)‎ ought to 在语气上比should 要强。‎ ‎4) needn't have done sth本没必要做某事 I dressed very warmly for the trip, but Ineedn't have done so. The weather was hot.‎ ‎5) would like to have done sth本打算做某事 I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.‎ should和ought to should 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思，可用于各种人称。‎ ‎---Ought he to go?‎ ‎---Yes. I think he ought to.‎ 表示要求，命令时，语气由 should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。‎ had better表示最好 had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。‎ had better do sth had better not do sth It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.‎ She'd better not play with the dog.‎ had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。‎ You had better have come earlier.‎ would rather表示"宁愿"‎ would rather do would rather not do would rather… than…宁愿……而不愿。‎ 还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。‎ If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.‎ I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.‎ 高中英语语法专项复习之独立主格 ‎ 窗体底端 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之独立主格进行详细介绍，希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助：‎ ‎(一)： 独立高考资源网主格结构的构成：‎ 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;‎ 名词(代词)+形容词;‎ 名词(代词)+副词;‎ 名词(代词)+不定式;‎ 名词(代词) +介词短语构成。‎ ‎(二) 独立主格结构的特点：‎ ‎1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。‎ ‎2)名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。‎ ‎3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。‎ 举例：‎ The test finished, we began our holiday.‎ ‎= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.‎ 考试结束了，我们开始放假。‎ The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.‎ ‎= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.‎ 总统被谋杀了，举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。‎ Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.‎ 如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。‎ This done, we went home.‎ 工作完成后，我们才回家。‎ The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.‎ 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。‎ He came into the room, his ears red with cold.‎ 他回到了房子里，耳朵冻坏了。‎ He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.‎ 他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆 With的复合结构 表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。‎ with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 举例: He stood there, his hand raised.‎ ‎= He stood there, with his hand raise.‎ 典型例题 The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。‎ A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied 答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.‎ 注意:‎ ‎1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题：‎ 当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词)，也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.‎ ‎( hand前不能加his)。‎ ‎2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分 词，不及物动词用过去分词。‎ He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.‎ 典型例题：‎ Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.‎ A permittedB permittingC permitsD for permitting 答案B. 本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构， 其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许'，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。‎ 如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可 高中英语语法专项复习之主谓一致 ‎ 窗体底端 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之主谓一致进行详细介绍，希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助，主谓一致是指：‎ ‎1) 语法形式上高考资源网要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。‎ ‎2) 意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。‎ ‎3) 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，‎ 一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。‎ There is much water in the thermos.‎ 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。‎ Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.‎ 并列结构作主语谓语用复数 Reading‎ and writing are very important.‎ 注意： 当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。‎ The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.‎ 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.‎ A. isB. wasC. areD. were 答案B. 注： 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C.。本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别， monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。‎ 主谓一致中的靠近原则 ‎1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。‎ There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..‎ There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.‎ ‎2)当either… or… 与neither… nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保 crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。‎ His family isn't very large.他家不是一个大家庭。‎ His family are music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。‎ 但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。‎ Are there any police around?‎ ‎3)有些名词，如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。‎ A number of +名词复数+复数动词。‎ The number of +名词复数+单数动词。‎ A number of books have lent out.‎ The majority of the students like English.‎ 与后接名词或代词保持一致 ‎1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词，代词保持一致。‎ Most of his money is spent on books.‎ Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.‎ ‎2) 在一些短语，如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。‎ Many a person has read the novel.许多人都读过这本书。‎ More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市 高中英语语法总结大全之状语从句 地点状语从句 地点状高考资源网语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。‎ Where I live there are plenty of trees.‎ 我住的地方树很多。‎ Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.‎ 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。‎ 高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法 ‎ 窗体底端 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法进行详细介绍，希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助，形容词修饰名词，说明事高考资源网物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。‎ ‎1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。‎ ‎2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。‎ ‎(错)He is an ill man.‎ ‎(对)The man is ill.‎ ‎(错)She is an afraid girl.‎ ‎(对)The girl is afraid.‎ 这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。‎ ‎3)形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：‎ something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词 ‎1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。‎ 改错：(错) She sang lovely.‎ ‎(错) He spoke to me very friendly.‎ ‎(对) Her singing was lovely.‎ ‎(对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.‎ ‎2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。‎ daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper.‎ The Times is published daily.‎ 用形容词表示类别和整体 ‎1) 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope.‎ ‎2) 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。‎ the British，the English，the French，the Chinese.‎ The English have wonderful sense of humor.‎ 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：‎ 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car 典型例题:‎ ‎1) Tony is going camping with ___ boys.‎ A.little two otherB. two little otherC.two other littleD.little other two 答案：C。由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --性质--名词"的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。‎ ‎2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.‎ A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old 答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。‎ ‎3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?‎ ‎---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.‎ A. few last sunnyB. last few sunnyC. last sunny fewD. few sunny last 答案：B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠 近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照下表：‎ 限定词+数量词(序数词在前，基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+‎ those + three + beautiful + large + square 新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词 old + brown + wood + table 高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法 ‎ 窗体底端 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之形容词及其用法进行详细介绍，希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助，形容词修饰名词，说明事高考资源网物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。‎ ‎1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。‎ ‎2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。‎ ‎(错)He is an ill man.‎ ‎(对)The man is ill.‎ ‎(错)She is an afraid girl.‎ ‎(对)The girl is afraid.‎ 这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。‎ ‎3)形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：‎ something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词 ‎1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。‎ 改错：(错) She sang lovely.‎ ‎(错) He spoke to me very friendly.‎ ‎(对) Her singing was lovely.‎ ‎(对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.‎ ‎2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。‎ daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper.‎ The Times is published daily.‎ 用形容词表示类别和整体 ‎1) 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope.‎ ‎2) 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。‎ the British，the English，the French，the Chinese.‎ The English have wonderful sense of humor.‎ 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：‎ 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car 典型例题:‎ ‎1) Tony is going camping with ___ boys.‎ A.little two otherB. two little otherC.two other littleD.little other two 答案：C。由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --性质--名词"的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。‎ ‎2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.‎ A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old 答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。‎ ‎3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?‎ ‎---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.‎ A. few last sunnyB. last few sunnyC. last sunny fewD. few sunny last 答案：B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠 近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照下表：‎ 限定词+数量词(序数词在前，基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+‎ those + three + beautiful + large + square 新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词 old + brown + wood + table 高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词 ‎ 窗体底端 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之情态动词进行详细介绍，希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助：‎ 情态动词的语法特征 ‎1) 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。‎ ‎2) 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。‎ ‎3) 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。‎ ‎4) 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。‎ 比较can 和be able to ‎1)cancould 表示能高考资源网力;可能 (过去时用could),‎ 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。‎ They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。‎ ‎2)只用be able to a. 位于助动词后。‎ b. 情态动词后。‎ c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。‎ d. 用于句首表示条件。‎ e. 表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。‎ He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.‎ ‎= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.‎ 注意：could不表示时态 ‎1)提出委婉的请求，(注意在回答中不可用could)。‎ ‎--- Could I have the television on?‎ ‎--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.‎ ‎2)在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。‎ He couldn't be a bad man.‎ 他不大可能是坏人。‎ 比较may和might ‎1) 表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首，表示祝愿。‎ May God bless you!‎ He might be at home.‎ 注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。‎ ‎2) 成语： may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为"不妨"。‎ If that is the case, we may as well try.‎ 典型例题 Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.‎ A. mustB. mayC. canD. will 答案B. 表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。‎ 比较have to和must ‎1)两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。‎ My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)‎ He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)‎ ‎2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。‎ He had to look after his sister yesterday.‎ ‎3) 在否定结构中： don't have to表示"不必"‎ mustn't表示"禁止"，‎ You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。‎ You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。‎ must表示推测 ‎1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。‎ ‎2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。‎ You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)‎ He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。‎ 比较：‎ He must be staying there.‎ 他现在肯定呆在那里。‎ He must stay there.‎ 他必须呆在那。‎ ‎3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。‎ I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。‎ ‎4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。‎ ‎---Why didn't you answer my phone call?‎ ‎---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.‎ ‎5) 否定推测用can't。‎ If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。‎ 表示推测的用法 can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：‎ ‎1)情态动词+动词原形。‎ 表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。‎ I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.‎ ‎2)情态动词+动词现在进行时。‎ 表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。‎ At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.‎ 这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。‎ ‎3)情态动词+动词完成时。‎ 表示对过去情况的推测。‎ We would have finished this work by the end of next December.‎ 明年十二月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了。‎ The road is wet. It must have rained last night.‎ 地是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。‎ ‎4)情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时。‎ 表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。‎ Your mother must have been looking for you.‎ 你妈妈一定一直在找你。‎ ‎5)推测的否定形式，疑问形式用can't, couldn't表示。‎ Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.‎ 迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。‎ 注意：could, might表示推测时不表示时态，其推测的程度不如can, may。‎ 情态动词+have+过去分词 ‎1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。‎ Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.‎ Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.‎ ‎2)must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有"肯定"，"谅必"的意思。‎ ‎---Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.‎ ‎---She must have gone by bus.‎ ‎3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth 本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否定句表示"不该做某事而做了"。‎ You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.‎ He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.(事实上已扔了。)‎ ought to 在语气上比should 要强。‎ ‎4) needn't have done sth本没必要做某事 I dressed very warmly for the trip, but Ineedn't have done so. The weather was hot.‎ ‎5) would like to have done sth本打算做某事 I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.‎ should和ought to should 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思，可用于各种人称。‎ ‎---Ought he to go?‎ ‎---Yes. I think he ought to.‎ 表示要求，命令时，语气由 should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。‎ had better表示最好 had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。‎ had better do sth had better not do sth It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.‎ She'd better not play with the dog.‎ had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为"本来最好"。‎ You had better have come earlier.‎ would rather表示"宁愿"‎ would rather do would rather not do would rather… than…宁愿……而不愿。‎ 还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"宁愿"、"宁可"的意思。‎ If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.‎ I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.‎ 高中英语语法专项复习之代词 ‎ 窗体底端 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之代词进行详细介绍，希望对大家的学习有所帮助：‎ 人称代词的用法 ‎1)人称代词的主高考资源网格在句子中作主语或主语补语，例如：‎ John waited a while but eventually he went home.‎ 约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。‎ John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.‎ 约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。‎ 说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如：‎ When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.‎ 约翰一到就直接去银行了。‎ ‎2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，例如：‎ I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.‎ 我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。(her做宾 语，them做介词宾语，her作主语补语)‎ a. -- Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶?‎ b. -- Me.‎--我。(me作主语补语= It's me.)‎ 说明：在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为she和I。‎ 人称代词之主、宾格的替换 ‎1) 宾格代替主格 a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。‎ ‎---- I like English.--我喜欢英语。‎ ‎---- Me too.--我也喜欢。‎ ‎---- Have more wine?--再来点酒喝吗?‎ ‎---- Not me.‎--我可不要了。‎ b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。 但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。‎ He is taller than I/me.‎ He is taller than I am.‎ ‎2) 主格代替宾格 a. 在介词but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。‎ b. 在电话用语中常用主格。‎ ‎---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。‎ ‎---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。‎ 注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。‎ I thought it was she. 我以为是她。(主格----主格)‎ I thought it to be her.(宾格----宾格)‎ I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。(主格----主格)‎ They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。 (宾格----宾格)‎ 代词的指代问题 ‎1)不定代词 anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone， someone， everyone，no one， 及whoever和person在正式场合使用时，可用he, his, him代替。‎ Nobody came, did he?谁也没来，是吗?‎ ‎2)动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替，有时也用he, she，带有亲切的感情色彩。‎ Give the cat some food. She is hungry.给这猫一些吃的。她饿了。‎ ‎3)指代车或国家，船舶的名词，含感情色彩时常用she。‎ 并列人称代词的排列顺序 ‎1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：‎ 第二人称 -> 第三人称 -> 第一人称 you -> he/she;it -> I You, he and I should return on time.‎ ‎2) 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：‎ 第一人称 -> 第二人称 -> 第三人称 we->you ->They 注意： 在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。‎ a. 在承认错误，承担责任时，‎ It was I and John that made her angry.‎ 是我和约翰惹她生气了。‎ b. 在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称， 如：I and you try to finish it.‎ c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时，‎ d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。‎ 物主代词 ‎1)物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，例如：‎ John had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.‎ 约翰割破了手指，显而易见，他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。‎ 物主代词有形容词性(my, your等)和名词性(mine, yours等)两种，形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。‎ 名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的--'s属格结构，例如：‎ Jack's cap意为 The cap is Jack's.‎ His cap 意为 The cap is his.‎ ‎2) 名词性物主代词的句法功能 a. 作主语，例如：‎ May I use your pen? Yours works better.‎ 我可以用一用你的钢笔吗? 你的比我的好用。‎ b. 作宾语，例如：‎ I love my motherland as much as you love yours.‎ 我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。‎ c. 作介词宾语，例如：‎ Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.‎ 你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话，而不能按你自己的意义去解释。‎ d. 作主语补语，例如：‎ The life I have is yours. It's yours. It's yours.我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。‎ 双重所有格 物主代词不可与 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。‎ 公式为：‎ a, an, this, that +名词+of +名词性物主代词。如：‎ a friend of mine.‎ each brother of his.‎ w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 反身代词 ‎1) 列表 Iyouyoushehe myselfyourselfyourselvesherselfhimself wetheyitone ourselvesthemselvesitselfoneself ‎2)做宾语 a. 有些动词需有反身代词 absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.我们昨晚玩得很开心。‎ Please help yourself to some fish.请你随便吃点鱼。‎ b. 用于及物动词+宾语+介词 take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth.‎ I could not dress (myself) up at that time.那个时候我不能打扮我自己。‎ 注：有些动词后不跟反身代词， get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。‎ Please sit down.请坐。‎ ‎3) 作表语; 同位语 be oneself: I am not myself today.我今天不舒服。‎ The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。‎ ‎4) 在不强调的情况下，but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如：‎ No one but myself (me) is hurt.‎ 注意：‎ a. 反身代词本身不能单独作主语。‎ ‎(错) Myself drove the car.‎ ‎(对) I myself drove the car.我自己开车。‎ b. 但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself 作主语。‎ Charles and myself saw it.‎ ‎5)第二人称作宾语，要用反身代词。‎ You should be proud of yourself.你应为自己感到骄傲。‎ w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 相互代词 ‎1)相互代词只有each other和one another两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的，例如：‎ It is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.‎ 显而易见，不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。‎ ‎2) 相互代词的句法功能：‎ a. 作动词宾语;‎ People should love one another. 人们应当彼此相爱。‎ b. 可作介词宾语;‎ Does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other.吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。‎ 说明：传统语法认为，相互关系存在于两个人或物之间用each other， 存在于两个以上人和物之间用one another。现代英语中，两组词交替使用的实例也很多，例如：‎ He put all the books beside each other.‎ 他把所有书并列摆放起来。‎ He put all the books beside one another.‎ 他把所有书并列摆放起来。‎ Usually these small groups were independent of each other.‎ 这些小团体通常是相互独立的。‎ c. 相互代词可加-'s构成所有格，例如：‎ The students borrowed each other's notes.‎ 学生们互借笔记。‎ 高三英语复习要着重培养语言综合运用能力 ‎ 直接引语和间接引语怎么互相转换? ‎ 窗体底端 直接引语和间接引语怎么互相转换?‎ 一、把下列句子变成间接引语：‎ ‎1. Mary often says, “I want to be a doctor when I grow up.”‎ ‎→Mary often says that she wants to be a doctor when she grows up.‎ ‎2. Mr Smith said, “John is a good student.”‎ ‎→Mr Smith said that John was a good student.‎ ‎3. “We will come here again tonight,” the students said to the teacher.‎ ‎→The students told the teacher that they would go there again that night.‎ ‎4. He said,“I repaired the watch yesterday.”‎ ‎→He said that he had repaired the watch the day before.”‎ ‎5. “I haven’t heard from my parents these days,” he said.‎ ‎→He said that he hadn’t heard from his parents those days.‎ ‎6. The children said,“We’ll be back tomorrow.”‎ ‎→The children said that they would be back the next day.”‎ ‎7. Bob said to Mary,“I saw the film two days ago.”‎ ‎→Bob told Mary that he had seen the film two days before.‎ ‎8. The teacher said,“Can you hear me, children?”‎ ‎→The teacher asked the children if they could hear him.‎ ‎9.“We’re going to study in the USA next month,”they said.‎ ‎→They said that they were going to study in the USA the next month.‎ ‎10. “I’m checking your homework now,”his mother said.‎ ‎→His mother said that she was checking his homework then.‎ ‎11. “The earth goes around the sun,” the teacher said.‎ ‎→The teacher said (that) the earth goes around the sun.‎ ‎12.“I can finish it in half an hour,” the worker said to me.‎ ‎→The worker told me he could finish it in half an hour.‎ ‎13.“Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” he asked me.‎ ‎→He asked me if I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.‎ ‎14.“Do you remember what your uncle told you last night?” Li Ping’s father asked him.‎ ‎→Li Ping’s father asked him if he remembered what his uncle told him the night before.‎ ‎15.“Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked.‎ ‎→The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.‎ ‎16.“Please wait for me at the gate of the Summer‎ ‎Palace at two tomorrow afternoon,” Kate said to her friend.‎ ‎→Kate asked her friend to wait for her at the gate of the Summer‎ ‎Palace at two the next afternoon.‎ ‎17.“Are you feeling better today?” the doctor asked my sister.‎ ‎→The doctor asked my sister if she was feeling better that day.‎ ‎18. He said to me,“Where did you go last week?”‎ ‎→He asked me where had I had gone the week before.‎ ‎19. He said,“I joined the English Club in 2007.”‎ ‎→He said that he joined the English Club in 2007.‎ ‎20. John said to me,“Where will you go this Sunday?”‎ ‎→John asked me where I would go that Sunday.‎ ‎21.She said,“I will come this evening.”‎ ‎→She said that she would go that evening.‎ ‎22.“Had you finished your homework before you watched TV?” Kate’s mother asked her.‎ ‎→Kate’s mother asked her if she had finished her homework before she watched TV.‎ 二、把下列句子变成直接引语：‎ ‎1. He said he knew nothing about Tom.‎ ‎→He said,“I know nothing about Tom.”‎ ‎2. Tom asked Mary if she would watch his CD-ROMs that day.‎ ‎→Tom said to Mary,“Will you watch my CD-ROMs today?”‎ ‎3. Tom’s mother asked him why he has made so many mistakes in his homework that time.‎ ‎→Tom’s mother said to him,“Why have you made so many mistakes in your homework this time?”‎ ‎→Tom’s mother asked,“Tom, Why have you made so many mistakes in your homework this time?”‎ ‎4. They said they had studied English for three years.‎ ‎→They said,“We have studied English for three years.”‎ ‎5. He told me there would be a basketball match that afternoon.‎ ‎→He said to me,“There will be a basketball match this afternoon.”‎ ‎6. Uncle Wang asked me where my father had been and what he had been doing all those days.‎ ‎→Uncle Wang asked me,“Where has your father been and what has he been doing all these days?”‎ ‎7. He said he had seen the film that day.‎ ‎→He said,“I saw the film yesterday.”‎ ‎8. He said he had finished the work that day.‎ ‎→ He said,“I have finished the work today.”‎ ‎9. He told his little son to go inside and not come out until the rain had stopped.‎ ‎→He told his little son,“Go inside and don’t come out until the rain has stopped.”‎ ‎10. The conductor asked Zhang Hong where she was going to get off.‎ ‎→The conductor said to Zhang Hong,“Where are you going to get off ?”‎ ‎11. He asked whether they would go with him.‎ ‎→He asked,“Will you go with me?”‎ ‎12. Mr White asked me to give his wife a message when she returned from the library.‎ ‎→Mr White said to me,“Please give my wife a message when she returns from the library.”‎ ‎13. A asked the teacher whether Gauss was born in 1777.‎ ‎→A asked the teacher,“Was Gauss born in 1777?”‎ ‎14. The old worker told us not to forget the past.‎ ‎→The old worker sad to us,“Don’t forget the past.”‎ ‎15. He asked me Why Eidson’s teacher said that he wasn’t bright and wasn’t worth teaching.‎ ‎→He asked me,“Why did Eidson’s teacher said that he wasn’t bright and wasn’t worth teaching?”‎ ‎16. He asked me what else I wanted him to do.‎ ‎→He asked me,“what else do you want me to do?”‎ ‎17. She asked Xiao Wang if that kind of telephone was made in Guangzhou.‎ ‎→She asked Xiao Wang,“Is this kind telephone made in Guangzhou? ”‎ ‎18. He asked me how many times I had been to my home town since 2000.‎ ‎→ He asked me,“How many times have you been to your home town since 2000?”‎ ‎19. I asked one of the boys if there were any mistakes in his homework.‎ ‎→I asked one of the boys,“Are there any mistakes in your homework?”‎ ‎20. She told me she had seen a letter on my desk the day before.‎ ‎→ “I saw a letter on your desk yesterday,” she said to me.‎ ‎21. The guard said that he would not let him in if he had no pass.‎ ‎→ The guard said,“I will not let you in if you have no pass.”‎ 虚拟语气的倒装形式怎么用? ‎ 窗体底端 虚拟语气的倒装形式怎么用?请看典型考题：‎ ‎__________ your address，I would have written to you.‎ A. Did I know B. Were I to know C. Had I known D. If I should know 此题应选 C。这是虚拟语气的倒装形式。当虚拟条件句中含有 were，had，should，could等动词时，可以将if省略，然后将 were，had，should，could 等词移至句首：‎ ‎1. If he should fail，he would kill himself.‎ ‎→Should he fail，he would kill himself.‎ 万一失败，他就会自杀。‎ ‎2. If I were you，I would do it at once.‎ ‎→Were I you，I would do it at once.‎ 假若我是你，我就会马上做。‎ ‎3. If I could do it，I would.‎ ‎→Could I do it，I would.‎ 要是我能做此事，我一定会做。‎ ‎4. If he had seen you yesterday，he would haveasked you about it.‎ ‎→Had he seen you yesterday，he would haveasked you about it.‎ 他昨天要是看到了你，他就会问你这事了。‎ 顺便说一句，以上移至句首的 had不一定是助动词，如果是实义动词也可倒装：‎ If he had money，he would buy a car.‎ ‎→Had he money，he would buy a car.‎ 他要是有钱，他就会买一辆小车。‎ 巧顾课外辅导介绍两种常考的虚拟语气句型 ‎ 窗体底端 介绍两种常考的虚拟语气句型：If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…‎ 一、句型介绍 这两个句型是If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…，这是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型，也经常受到命题人的青睐，其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是有”。如：‎ If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。‎ You wouldn’t be anywhere if it weren’t for Ruth. 若不是有鲁思你不会有任何成就。‎ If it hadn’t been for the doctor, he would have died. 要不是医生救了他，他就会死了。‎ If it hadn’t been for Mary, I might not have understood. 要不是有玛丽，我可能还不理解。‎ 二、与but for, without等替换 这两个句型有时可用but for, without等替换。如：‎ 要不是有你帮忙，我们是不会成功的。‎ If it hadn’t been for your assistance we wouldn’t have succeeded.‎ ‎=But for your assistance we wouldn’t have succeeded.‎ ‎=Without your assistance we wouldn’t have succeeded.‎ 三、时间上的同与异 原则上说，if it weren’t [wasn’t] for 用于谈论现在的情况，而if it hadn’t been for 用于谈论过去的情况。但实际上if it weren’t [wasn’t] for有时也可用于谈论过去的情况：‎ If it weren’t for their help, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. 要不是他们帮助，这些困难我们是克服不了的。‎ 虚拟条件句的常见类型 ‎ 窗体底端 虚拟条件句的常见类型有三种，条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：‎ If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气)‎ If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气)‎ 虚拟条件句的三种基本类型 一、与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：‎ If you took a taxi，you’d get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去，你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐)‎ If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)‎ 二、与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”：‎ If I’d left sooner，I’d have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)‎ If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话，我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了)‎ 三、与将来事实相反 若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：‎ If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去)‎ If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)‎ 注：几点特别说明 ‎① 主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。would, might, could的大致区别是：would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：‎ If you tried again you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果)‎ If you tried again you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might表可能)‎ If you tried again you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力)‎ ‎② 条件从句的谓语动词为be时，不管其主语为单数还是复数通常都用were，但在口语或非正式文体中的单数第一人称和第三人称后，也可用was，不过在 If I were you这样的表达中，通常还是以用were为宜。‎ ‎③ 有时条件从句用would表示愿意：‎ If he would live on with me, I would be his better half. 要是他还愿意跟我过，我仍会做他的妻子。‎ ‎④ 对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点：一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测;二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设);三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气或祈使语气：‎ If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨，就不要等我了。‎ I should see him, I’ll tell him. 万一我见到他，我就告诉他。‎ 与未来事实相反的虚拟语气怎么用 ‎ 快速搜索： 与未来事实相反的虚拟语气怎么用 ‎ 窗体底端 与未来事实相反的虚拟语气怎么用?请看下面的题目：‎ If we __________ 200 years old，we __________ everything.‎ A. were to be，could change B. had been，changed C. were，would have changed D. should be，changed 此题应选A。该题考查与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，此时的主句谓语通常用would(should，could，might)+动词原形，而从句谓语可能有以下几种情况：‎ ‎1. 从句谓语用过去式：‎ If your father knew this，he would be angry. 要是你父亲知道了，他会生气的。‎ If it rained tomorrow，the sports meet would beput off. 要是明天下雨，运动会就推迟。‎ ‎2. 从句谓语用should+动词原形(通常指可能性极小的事情，一般译为“万一”)：‎ If it should rain，the crops would be saved. 要是有雨，这庄稼还有救。‎ 此类句型的主句谓语有时可以用祈使句甚至将来时态：‎ If it should rain tomorrow，don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨，就不要等我了。‎ If I should be free tomorrow，I will come. 万一我明天有空，我就来。‎ ‎3. 从句谓语用were to+动词原形 (通常指可能性极小可或近乎不可能，有时指出乎意料)：‎ If the sun were to rise in the west，my love for you would not change. 即使太阳从西边出，我对你的爱也不会变。‎ if only开头的虚拟语气怎么用? ‎ 课外资讯频道 ‎2010年01月04日 22:48 巧顾课外辅导 ‎ 窗体顶端 课外服务搜索： 搜索 ‎ 快速搜索： if only开头的虚拟语气怎么用 ‎ 窗体底端 if only开头的虚拟语气怎么用?if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish 后所接时态的情况相同：‎ If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。‎ If only it would stop raining! 雨要是停了就好了。‎ If only he didn’t drive so fast. 但愿他车没开得那么快。‎ If only I were [was] better looking. 要是我长得漂亮些就好了。‎ If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。‎ If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!‎ ‎【友情提示】if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。‎ 高中英语语法专项复习之副词It's time引导的从句用虚拟语气具体怎么用 ‎ 课外资讯频道 ‎2010年01月04日 22:48 巧顾课外辅导 ‎ 窗体顶端 课外服务搜索： 搜索 ‎ 快速搜索： It's time引导的从句用虚拟语气具体怎么用 ‎ 窗体底端 It's time引导的从句用虚拟语气具体怎么用?‎ 一、基本用法 从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该干某事了”：‎ It’s time we ordered dinner. 现在该叫菜了。‎ I think It’s time you went to bed. 我想你该睡觉了。‎ It’s time we went [were going, should go]. 我们该走了。‎ It’s time you washed those trousers. 你该洗洗那条裤子了。‎ I’m getting tired. It’s time we went home. 我累了，我们该回家了。‎ I think it’s time they were taught a lesson. 我想现在该给他们一点教训了。‎ It’s time someone spoke up for the less privileged in our society. 应该有人为我们社会中较不幸的人说说话了。‎ It’s time you looked ahead and made plans for your retirement. 是你为以后想一想并对退休后的生活做出安排的时候了。‎ 二、同义表达 该是孩子们上床的时间了。‎ It’s time the kids were in bed.‎ ‎=It’s time for the kids to be in bed.‎ 三、两点说明 ‎(1) time前有时有about和high修饰：‎ It’s high time we left. 我们早该动身了。‎ It’s high time you bought a new car. 你该买辆新车了。‎ I think it’s high time that she made up her mind. 我想她该拿定主意了。‎ It’s high time they began to take you seriously. 现在他们应该开始认真对待你了。‎ ‎(2) 与其他的虚拟结构不同，该结构不能在该用 was 时而用 were：‎ It’s time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了。(不用were)‎ 及其基本用法 ‎ ‎[导读] ‎ 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之副词及其基本用法进行详细介绍，希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助，副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。‎ 窗体顶端 窗体底端 本文将对高中英语语法专项复习之副词及其基本用法进行详细介绍，希望对大家的英语学习有所帮助，副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。‎ 一、副词的位置：‎ ‎1) 在动词之前。‎ ‎2) 在be动词、助动词之后。‎ ‎3) 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。‎ 注意：‎ a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。‎ We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.‎ b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。‎ He speaks English well.‎ 二、副词的排列顺序：‎ ‎1) 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。‎ ‎2) 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。‎ Please write slowly and carefully.‎ ‎3) 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。‎ 注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。‎ 改错：(错)I very like English.‎ ‎(对)I like English very much.‎ 注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。‎ I don't know him well enough.‎ There is enough food for everyone to eat.‎ There is food enough for everyone to eat.‎ 兼有两种形式的副词 ‎1) close与closely close意思是"近"; closely 意思是"仔细地"‎ He is sitting close to me.‎ Watch him closely.‎ ‎2)late 与lately late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近"‎ You have come too late.‎ What have you been doing lately?‎ ‎3)deep与deeply deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"‎ He pushed the stick deep into the mud.‎ Even father was deeply moved by the film.‎ ‎4)high与highly high表示空间高度;highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high.‎ I think highly of your opinion.‎ ‎5)wide与widely wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"‎ He opened the door wide.‎ English is widely used in the world.‎ ‎6)free与freely free的意思是"免费";freely 的意思是"无限制地"‎ You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.‎ You may speak freely; say what you like.‎ 形容词与副词的比较级 大多数形容词(性质形容词)和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则 变化两种。‎ ‎1) 规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。‎ 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est tall(高的)‎ great(巨大的)‎ taller greater tallest greatest 以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st nice(好的)‎ large(大的)‎ able（有能力的）‎ nicer larger abler nicest largest ablest 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est big(大的)‎ hot (热的)‎ bigger hotter biggest hottest ‎"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-est easy(容易的)‎ busy(忙的)‎ easier busier easiest busiest 少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er，-est clever(聪明的)‎ narrow(窄的)‎ cleverer narrower cleverest narrowest 其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。‎ important(重要的)‎ easily(容易地)‎ more important more easily most important most easily ‎ ‎ ‎2) 不规则变化 ‎ ‎ 原级 比较级 最高级 ‎ ‎ good(好的)‎ well(健康的)‎ better best ‎ ‎ bad (坏的)‎ ill(有病的)‎ worse worst ‎ ‎ old (老的)‎ older/elder oldest/eldest ‎ ‎ much/many(多的)‎ more most little(少的)‎ less least far (远的)‎ farther/further farthest/furthest as+形容词或副词原级+as ‎1)在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。‎ He cannot run so/as fast as you.‎ ‎2)当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。‎ as +形容词+ a +单数名词 as + many/much +名词 This is as good an example as the other is.‎ I can carry as much paper as you can..‎ ‎3)用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。‎ This room is twice as big as that one.‎ Your room is the same size as mine.‎ ‎4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as<=> 倍数+ then + of This bridge is three times as long as that one.‎ This bridge is three times the length of that one.‎ Your room is twice as large as mine.‎ Your room is twice the size of mine.‎ 比较级形容词或副词+than You are taller than I.‎ They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.‎ 注意：‎ ‎1)要避免重复使用比较级。‎ ‎(错) He is more cleverer than his brother.‎ ‎(对) He is more clever than his brother.‎ ‎(对) He is clever than his brother.‎ ‎2)要避免将主语含在比较对象中。‎ ‎(错) China is larger that any country in Asia.‎ ‎(对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.‎ ‎3)要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。‎ The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.‎ It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.‎ ‎4)要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。‎ 比较：Which is large, Canada or Australia?‎ Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?‎ She is taller than her two sisters.‎ She is the taller of the two sisters.‎ 可修饰比较级的词 ‎1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等 ‎2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。‎ ‎3)以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。‎ 典型例题:‎ ‎1)---- Are you feeling ____?‎ ‎---- Yes，I'm fine now.‎ A. any wellB. any betterC. quite good D. quite better 答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better.‎ ‎2)The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.‎ A.moreB.much more C.much D.more much 答案：C.much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。‎ ‎3)If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.‎ A. the happiest timeB. a more happier time C. much happiest timeD.a much happier time 答案：D。‎