高考英语湖南卷完整试题答案解析 11页

‎2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖南卷）‎ 第一部分 听力（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）‎ 第一节：听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。‎ 1. Who did the woman’s hair? ‎ A. A hairdresser. B. The woman herself. C. The woman’s mother. ‎ 2. What day is it today?‎ A. Monday. B. Wednesday. C. Friday ‎ 3. Why doesn’t the man want to work with Tom?‎ A. Tom treats the man poorly. ‎ B. Tom says a lot but doesn’t do very much. ‎ C. Tom is not as smart as the man. ‎ 4. How does the woman feel?‎ A. Disappointed. B. Confused. C. Pressured. ‎ 5. What will the man probably do next?‎ A. Continue studying. B. Take a break. C. Take a midterm. ‎ 第二节：听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。‎ 听第6段材料，回答第6和第7两个小题。‎ ‎6. Where does this conversation take place?‎ A. In a parking lot. B. On a busy street. C. In a police station. ‎ ‎7. Which of the following is true?‎ A. The woman called the police. ‎ B. The man was driving thought the red light. ‎ C. The woman intended to take a left turn. ‎ 听第7段材料，回答第8至第9两个小题。‎ ‎8. Where is the woman now?‎ A. In a shop. B. On a train. C. In the office. ‎ ‎9. Why does the man seem upset?‎ A. The subway is too crowded. ‎ B. The woman forgot the appointment. ‎ C. He didn’t plan to eat alone. ‎ 听第8段材料，回答第10至第12题。‎ ‎10. What does the man think of 3D?‎ A. He is excited about it.‎ B. It’s better than reality. ‎ C. It’s bad for eyes. ‎ ‎11. Why did the woman feel sick while watching Avatar?‎ A. She ate some bad popcorn. ‎ B. She didn’t wear glasses. ‎ C. She was too close to the screen. ‎ ‎12. What does the woman want to avoid?‎ A. Living in the future. ‎ B. Wearing glasses while watching TV. ‎ C. Spending too much time watching TV.‎ 听第9段材料，回答第13至第16题。‎ 听第10段材料，回答第17至第20两个小题。‎ ‎17. What will the weather be like tonight?‎ A. Cold and wet. B. Cloudy and dry. C. Snowy. ‎ ‎18. What does Dave suggest people do on Tuesday afternoon?‎ A. Fly a kite. B. Skate on a frozen lake. C. Ski on a low hill. ‎ ‎19. What is the general pattern of weather for the week?‎ A. Gradually speaking drier and warmer. ‎ B. More snow and rain as the week goes on. ‎ C. Warm in the beginning but suddenly getting colder. ‎ ‎20. When does the report probably take place?‎ A. Late fall. B. Early winter. C. Late winter. ‎ 第二部分： 英语知识运用 第一节：单项填空（共20小题；每小题0.5分，满分10分）‎ 从A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。‎ ‎21. ---Is there anything else to discuss?‎ ‎ ---________, I guess.‎ A. Not at all B. No, that’s all C. Yes, I’m sure. D. Yes, of course.‎ ‎22. The development of industry has been ____ gradual process throughout ______human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.‎ A. /, the B. the, a C. a, / D. a, a ‎23. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better _____ silent.‎ A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain ‎24. I made a promise to myself _____ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.‎ A. whether B. what C. that D. how ‎25. Studying Wendy’s menu, I found that many of the items are similar to ______ of McDonald’s.‎ A. those B. ones C. any D. all ‎26. _____ all the animals I’ve ever had, these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word.‎ A. From B. Of C. For D. With ‎27. Your _____ as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.‎ A. operation B. growth C. performance D. character ‎28. I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should either study regularly or ____his job.‎ A. quits B. to quit C. quitting D. quit ‎29. We live in an age _____ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.‎ A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which ‎30 Anyway, I can’t cheat him---it’s against all my _______.‎ A. emotions B. principles C. regulations D. opinions ‎31. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.‎ A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid ‎32. The good thing about children is that they ______ very easily to new environments.‎ A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply ‎33. I ______ in Hangzhou for many years, but now I live in Beijing.‎ A. have lived B. live C. had lived D. lived ‎34. Brown said he was by no means annoyed; ______, he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.‎ A. all in all B. for one thing C. on the contrary D. by the way ‎35. Armed with the information you have gathered, you can ____ preparing your business plan.‎ A. set out B. set about C. set off D. set up ‎36. ---I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.‎ ‎ ---Don’t worry. You ____ have it by Friday.‎ A. could B. shall C. must D. may ‎37. Try _____ she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.‎ A. if B. when C. since D. as ‎38. Mike was usually so careful, ______ this time he made a small mistake.‎ A. yet B. still C. even D. thus ‎39. ---I’m going to San Francisco for a couple of days.‎ ‎ ---_________. I wish I could get away for a while.‎ A. It doesn’t matter B. I can’t agree more C. I really envy you D. Forget it ‎40. In China, the number of cities is increasing ______ development is recognized across the world.‎ A. where B. which C. whose D. that 第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）‎ ‎ 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从41~60各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。‎ Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining(留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, 41 , words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 42 the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers 43 become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business--- 44 that the customer remains a customer.‎ ‎ 45 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the 46 company loses between 10 and 30 percent of its customers every year. In constantly changing 47 , this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.‎ ‎ Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to these lost opportunities and calculate the 48 implications. 49 the number of customers a company loses can make a big 50 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five percent decrease in the number of defecting(流失的) customers led to 51 increases of between 25 and 85 percent.‎ ‎ In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a regular customer is 52 more than five thousand dollars over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or 53 on their first visit and 54 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 55 profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).‎ ‎ The logic behind cultivating customer 56 is impossible to deny. “In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 57 them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’s School of Management. “Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 58 customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price 59 , and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 60 for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.”‎ ‎41. A. in particular B. in reality C. at least D. first of all ‎42. A. emphasize B. doubt C. overlook D. believe ‎43. A. tend to B. contribute to C. appeal to D. devote to ‎44. A. denying B. ensuring C. arguing D. proving ‎45. A. Moving B. Hoping C. Starting D. Failing ‎46. A. average B. ordinary C. normal D. usual ‎ ‎47. A. markets B. tastes C. prices D. expenses ‎48. A. cultural B. social C. financial D. economical ‎49. A. Cutting up B. Cutting through C. Cutting in D. Cutting down ‎50. A. promise B. plan C. mistake D. difference ‎51. A. cost B. opportunity C. profit D. budget ‎52. A. worthy B. worth C. value D. price ‎53. A. service B. delivery C. order D. promotion ‎54. A. as a result B. on the whole C. in conclusion D. on the contrary ‎55. A. huge B. potential C. extra D. reasonable ‎56. A. beliefs B. loyalty C. interest D. habits ‎57. A. altering B. understanding C. keeping D. attracting ‎58. A. Established B. Assumed C. Respected D. Unexpected ‎59. A. Sensitive B. friendly C. flexible D. agreeable ‎60. A. unfair B. convenient C. difficult D. essential 第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。‎ A When I was seven my father gave me a Timex, my first watch. I loved it, wore it for years, and haven’t had another one since it stopped ticking a decade ago. Why? Because I don’t need one. I have a mobile phone and I’m always near someone with an iPod or something like that. All these devices（装置）tell the time—which is why, if you look around, you’ll see lots of empty wrists; sales of watches to young adults have been going down since 2007. ‎ ‎ But while the wise have realized that they don’t need them, others—apparently including some distinguished men of our time—are spending total fortunes on them. Brands such as Rolex, Patek Philippe and Breitling command shocking prices, up to £250.000 for a piece. ‎ This is ridiculous. Expensive cars go faster than cheap cars. Expensive clothes hang better than cheap clothes. But these days all watches tell the time as well as all other watches. Expensive watches come with extra functions—but who needs them? How often do you dive to 300 metres into the sea or need to find your direction in the area around the South Pole? So why pay that much of five years’ school fees for watches that allow you to do these things? ‎ ‎ If justice were done, the Swiss watch industry should have closed down when the Japanese discovered how to make accurate watches for a five-pound note. Instead the Swiss reinvented the watch, with the aid of millions of pounds’ worth of advertising, as a message about the man wearing it. Rolexes are for those who spend their weekends climbing icy mountains; a Patek Philippe is for one from a rich or noble family; a Breitling suggests you like to pilot planes across the world. ‎ ‎ Watches are now classified as“investments”(投资). A 1994 Philippe recently sold for nearly £350, 000, while 1960s Rolexes have gone from £15, 000 to £30, 000 plus in a year. But a watch is not an investment. It's a toy for self-satisfaction, a matter of fashion. Prices may keep going up—they’ve been rising for 15 years. But when fashion moves on, the owner of that £350, 000 beauty will suddenly find his pride and joy is no more a good investment than my childhood Timex. ‎ ‎ 61. It seems ridiculous to the writer that_______________.  ‎ ‎ A. people dive 300 metres into the sea ‎ ‎ B. expensive clothes sell better than cheap ones ‎ ‎ C. cheap cars don’t run as fast as expensive ones ‎ ‎ D. expensive watches with unnecessary functions still sell ‎ ‎ 62. What can be learnt about Swiss watch industry from the passage? ‎ ‎ A. It’s hard for the industry to beat its competitors.  ‎ ‎ B. It targets rich people as its potential customers.  ‎ ‎ C. It wastes a huge amount of money in advertising.  ‎ ‎ D. It’s easy for the industry to reinvent cheap watches.  ‎ ‎ 63. Which would be the best title for the passage? ‎ ‎ A. Watches? Not for Me!‎ ‎ B. My Childhood Timex ‎ ‎ C. Timex or Rolex?‎ ‎ D. Watches—a Valuable Collection ‎ B Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.‎ What to Expect The host will provide accommodation and meals. Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week. You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.‎ Accommodation Zones Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones2,3 and 4 of the transport system. Most hosts do not live in the town center as much of central London is commercial and not residential（居住的）.Zones3 and 4often offer larger accommodation in a less crowed area. It is very convenient to travel in London by Underground.‎ Meal Plans Available ‎♢ Continental Breakfast ‎♢ Breakfast and Dinner ‎♢ Breakfast, Packed Lunch and Dinner It’s important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast.Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice, cereal (谷物类食品), bread and tea or coffee. Cheese, fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in England. Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by desert, fruit and coffee. ‎ ‎64. What can be inferred from Paragraph3?‎ A. Zone 4 is more crowded than Zone 2. ‎ B. Hosts dislike travelling to the city centre.‎ C. The business centre of London is in Zone1.‎ D. Accommodation in the city center is not provided.‎ ‎65. According to the passage, what does Continental Breakfast include?‎ A. Dessert and coffee.‎ B. Bread and fruit juice.‎ C. Fruit and vegetables.‎ D. Centre and cold meat. ‎ ‎66. Why do some people choose self-catering accommodation?‎ A. To experience a warmer family atmosphere. ‎ B. To enrich their knowledge of English.‎ C. To enjoy much more freedom.‎ D. To entertain friends as they like.‎ C The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world's supply of water. With 97% of the world's water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture. Although the idea of a water shortage(短缺)seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfall country, many of the world's agricultural industries experience constant water shortages.‎ Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seasons, the costs of water redistribution(重新分配)are very high. Not only is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered. Where valleys(山谷)are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed. Besides, water may flow easily through pipes to fields, but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other. Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements.‎ This is particularly troubling for countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation (灌溉). In Texas, farmers' overuse of irrigation water has resulted in a 25% reduction of the water stores. In the Central Valley area of southwestern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, but much of the water use has been poorly managed.‎ Saudi Arabia's attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have seen the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves. Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry.‎ ‎67. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?‎ A. Ways to reduce the costs of building dams.‎ B. Steps to improving water use management.‎ C. Measures to deal with worldwide water shortages.‎ D. Approaches to handling the pressure on water supply.‎ ‎68. From the first two paragraphs we learn that________.‎ A. much of the world's water is available for use B. people in high rainfall countries feel lucky C. the costs of water redistribution should be considered D. water can be easily carried through pipes across the world ‎69. The text is mainly about________.‎ A. water supply and increasing population B. water shortages and environmental protection C. water redistribution and wildlife protection D. water use management and agriculture D Book 1 Elixir written by Eric Walters Twelve-year-old Roth becomes a friend of Dr．Banting and his assistant, Mr．Best, who are in search of a cure for diabetes （糖尿病）．She finds herself torn between her sympathy for the animals being experimented on and her friendship with Banting and Best．‎ Book 2 George Washingtion Carver written by Elizabeth Macleod Meet the “Peanut（花生）Specialist”, George Washington Carver, the inventor and professor who made over 325 products out of peanuts．Through his agricultural research, he also greatly improved the lives of countless black farmers in the southern United States．See also Macleod’s Albert Einstein: A Life of Genius.‎ Book 3 The Inuit Thought of It: Amazing Arctic Innovations written by Alootook Ipellie & David MacDonald Explore more than 40 ideas necessary to Inuit survival．From ideas familiar to us today to inventive concepts that shaped their lives, celebrate the creativity of a remarkably intelligent people．Also see other books: The Chinese Thought of It by Tingxing Ye and A Native American Thought of It by Rocky Landon and David MacDonald．‎ Book 4 Made in Canada:101 Amazing Achievements written by Bev Spencer What things do we use daily that have a Canadian connection? Here are 101 common things that were invented in Canada or by a Canadian, including the Blackberry, alkaline（碱性）batteries and the Blue Box recycling program．‎ Book 5 Newton and the Time Machine written by Michael McGowan Ten-year-old boy Newton has invented a time machine to see dinosaurs up close．But it disappears on a test run with his two huge friends, King Herbert and Queen Certrude, in it! Can he save them before time runs out?‎ ‎70.Which of the following best describes Roth’s feeling in Book 1?‎ A. Painful. B. Curious. C. Frightened. D. Disappointed.‎ ‎71. In Book 5, King Herbert and Queen Gertrude are_______.‎ A. the names of the time machine B. Newton’s human friends ‎ C. two dinosaurs D. the inventors of the time machine ‎ ‎72. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?‎ A. Alkaline batteries were invented by Dr. Banting.‎ B. Book 3 introduces 40 inventive concepts. ‎ C. Animals are mentioned in Book 1 and Book 5.‎ D. George Washington Carver was a black farmer in the US. ‎ E If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear. ‎ ‎　 Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast ‎ sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck－lines are lowered or raised, and soon. ‎ No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn’t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high－heeled shoes. ‎ ‎　 When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Does the constantly changing fashion of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanged styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide. ‎ ‎73. The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the of clothing ‎ ‎___ . ‎ A. comfort B. appearance C. cost D. suitability ‎ ‎74. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE？ ‎ A. Fashion designs should not be encouraged since they are only welcomed by women.‎ B. The constant changes in women's clothing reflect their strength of character. ‎ C. The fashion industry makes an important contribution to society. ‎ D. New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women.‎ ‎75. By saying “the conclusions to be drawn are obvious”, the writer means that _____. ‎ A. women’s inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed at ‎ B. women are better able to put up with discomfort ‎ C. men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers ‎ D. men are more reasonable in the matter of fashion 第四部分：单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ ‎76. She took a year’s leave of a____________ from her job.‎ ‎77. Sunshine is b_____________ to plants. 78. She was a____________ because her boyfriend didn’t not send short messages to her. 79. In our school, every student has free a___________ to the library. 80. Why has your fellow students’ c____________ changed towards you? 81. One morning his stepmother a______________ him to school, which seldom happened and moved him a lot.‎ ‎82. There is no need for you to have s______________ for those kids, as they are all wrongdoers ‎83. David felt very e______________ when he found he didn’t have enough money to pay for the dinner before his friends.‎ ‎84. His mother is an e_____________ lady, who has had a good education and is always dressed in the latest Paris fashion.‎ ‎85. To the s_______________ of his parents, Li Feng was admitted into Hong Kong University this September.‎ 第五部分：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ 参考答案