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十年高考20002010英语分类汇编名词19页

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十年高考【2000-2010】英语分类汇编----名词 u 名词在高考中的考查重点:‎ 一般在单项选择以及完型填空和短文改错中出现, 绝大多数是考查名词词义辨析, 名词和表示数量词结合的考查, 以及主谓一致的考查以及在具体语境中的理解和应用也将占有一席之地。‎ 解题方法:‎ 1. 熟记近义名词的辨析 2. 熟记常见的不可数名词, 单复数同形的名词, 形单义复的名词和集合名词表示单复数的情况, 如:advice, furniture, equipment; means, works (工厂), series; police, cattle;family, audience等等 3. 掌握名词的抽象化和具体化 4. 掌握名词的所有格 5. 注意(复合)名词作定语时可单可复 6. 熟记名词与动词的固定搭配使用 ‎〖10安徽〗I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_______‎ A. hearing B strength C. recognition D. measure ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗hearing意为 “听力”;strength意为 “力气;力量”; recognition意为 “认出;识别;认识”; measure意为 “测量;措施”。句意为 “……她变得认不出来了。”‎ ‎〖10江西〗Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) ______ of 40,000 per year.‎ A average B number C amount D quantity ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查名词。‎ ‎〖解析〗a number of 许多 amount of 一般加不可数名词表金额, a quantity of 既可以加可数也可以加不可数, 但没有平均每年增加的意思。‎ ‎〖10山东〗Those who suffer from headache will find they get ______ from this medicine.‎ ‎ A. relief B. safety C. defense D. shelter ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词在具体语境的使用。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意应为 “那些头痛的人会发现这种药物能使头痛缓解。”所以A项意义符合句意, relief 表示 “缓解, 减轻, 解除”。 safety表示 “安全, 保险”;defense 表示 “防御, 防护”; shelter表示 “掩蔽, 保护”。‎ ‎〖10天津〗James took the magazines off the little table to make for the television.‎ A. room B. area C. field D. position ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗考查名词意义和用法。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意:詹姆斯把杂志从小桌子上拿下了, 目的是为电视腾出空间。make room for是固定搭配, 意思是 “为……让空”的意思, 其中的room是不可数名词。‎ ‎〖10江苏〗The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_____.‎ A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗reputation 表示名声而expectation是期望的意思。Contribution是贡献的意思。Civilization是文明的意思。‎ ‎〖10湖北〗This restaurant has become popular for its wide of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.‎ A. division B. area C. range D. circle ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词/名词短语。‎ ‎〖解析〗此题不仅考查学生对于四个选项的认知, 更重要的是要理解句子的含义。 “这家餐馆越来越出名 ‎ 是由于它做的各种各样的食物适应各种类型人群。” “a range of “强调一个系列, 而 “a wide range of”意为 “各种各样的”。正好符合题意。从句子结构来讲, 这个句子属于典型的 “从句套从句”。 “for”引导原因状语从句, “that”引导定语从句。   ‎ ‎〖〗After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide for the homeless families.‎ A. accommodation B. occupation C. equipment D. furniture.‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗512的汶川地震, 414玉树地震。天灾 “earthquake”相信是很多考生都准备过的一个话题。所以相关词汇“accommodation”表示 “住处”应该是考生们准备的系列词汇之一。这道题难度不大, 句子结构也相对简单。只要背过这几个词, 知道 “occupation”表示 “占用”或者“工作, 职业”;“furniture”表示 “家具”;“equipment”表示 “设备, 器材”就能选出正确答案D了。‎ ‎〖10浙江〗The school advisers help you talk through your problem but they don’t give you any direct ______.‎ A. solution B. target C. measure D. function ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗分析四个选项:solution解决方法;target目标;measure措施;function功能。根据句意:学校的建议者们帮助你分析问题, 但是他们不会给你直接的解决方法。‎ ‎〖09安徽〗China has got a good for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization.‎ A. reputation B. influence C. impression D. knowledge ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗‎ ‎〖09福建〗The World Health Organization gave a warning to the public without any when the virus of H1N1 hit Mexico in April, 2009.‎ A. delay B. effort C. schedule D. consideration ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗名词词义辨析。delay:耽搁, 延误;effort:努力;schedule:时间表;consideration:考虑, 体谅;关心。题干意思是:当H1N1型2009年4月袭击墨西哥时, 世界卫生组织毫不犹豫地向人们提出了警告。选A。‎ ‎〖09湖北〗Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ______ building.‎ A. respect B. friendship C. reputation D. character ‎〖答案〗D.‎ ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据常识便可知运动既可增强体质也可强健个性, 不会增强尊敬或名声, 友谊可以增强, 但与前面health不搭配, 故答案为character。‎ ‎〖09湖北〗In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a ______ for everyone to stand up.‎ A. signal B. chance C. mark D. measure ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据句意可知打铃及老师合上书本, 这是下课的暗示, 选项中只能选择signal。chance “机会”, mark “分数, 痕迹”, measure “方法, 措施”。‎ ‎〖09江西〗The ____________ shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into __________ car.‎ A. girl’s; Tom’s B. girls’; Toms’ C. girls’; Tom’s D. girl’s; Toms’ K5u ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词所有格。‎ ‎〖解析〗名词所有格形式。根据题干后半部分的them可知对应复数girls。此题较易 ‎〖09海南〗Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard.‎ A. draw B. strike C. rush D. push ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为:鼓励你的孩子去尝试新事物,但不要把它们太难了。push 推, 挤, 逼迫;strike v. 打,罢工,划燃rush v. 冲进,匆促行事,催draw v. 拉,拖,挨近,提取,画,绘制。根据句意, 应选D。‎ ‎〖09山东〗-------He says that my new car is a ____________ of money.‎ ‎-------Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes?‎ A. lack B. load C. question D. waste ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗考查单词的区别:lack缺乏;load负担;question疑问;waste 浪费;根据句意, 尤其是下句的sour grapes(酸葡萄)可知答案选D。‎ ‎〖09陕西〗Form their ________ on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.‎ A. stage B. position C. condition D. situation ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗名词词义辨析;stage:舞台, 时期, 阶段;position:位置;condition:条件, 情况;situation:形式, 情况;情景;根据空前的物主代词their可以推断出此处选B。题干意思是:从他们在电视塔顶部的位置, 游客们可以更好地看到这个城市的景色。‎ ‎〖09天津〗I’m trying to break the _______ of getting up too late .‎ A. tradition B. convenience C. habit D. leisure ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。句意为, 我一直试图改变起床晚的习惯。tradition传统, 常规;convenience方便;leisure休闲时间, 闲暇。‎ ‎〖解析〗‎ ‎〖09浙江〗The system has been designed to give students quick and easy ______ to the digital resources of the library.‎ A. access B. passage C. way D. approach ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意:新设计的系统能够让学生便捷、容易地搜索到图书馆的电子资源。这里give...access to...是固定词组, 表示 “能得到, 能进入”, 所以选A ‎〖08安徽〗To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our ________”‎ ‎ A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗由语境可知, 此处指人类的语言, 而语言是人类说的, 因此用voices, 而不用其他选项。‎ ‎〖08福建〗What’s the _____ of having a public open space where you can’t eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while?‎ ‎ A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题所设的语境是:有这样一个你在那里不能吃、不能喝甚至不能动的公共开放场所有什么意义呢?A项sense “感觉, 思考, 意义”;B项matter “事件, 问题, 原因”;C项case “事, 案例, 容器”;D项opinion “意见, 看法, 主张”。What’s the sense of…?“有什么意义” 四个选项中只能A项符合语境。‎ ‎〖08江苏〗—I can’t repair these until tomorrow, I’m afraid.‎ ‎—That’s OK, there’s ______.‎ A. no problem B. no wonder C. no doubt D. no hurry ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词词组。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据第一句的意思可知 “说话者担心来不及修好”, 所以对方劝慰他不用急。no problem意思是 “没问题”‎ ‎, 通常单独使用或用That’s no problem;(It’s) no wonder…意思是 “难怪”;There is no doubt…意思是 “毫无疑问”。‎ ‎〖08江苏〗—Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?‎ ‎—Because the old one has been damaged ______.‎ A. beyond reach B. beyond repair ‎ C. beyond control D. beyond description ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗根据前一句的提示可知, 只有在坏得无法修理的情况下才建议去买新的机器。故用beyond repair, 意为 ““;beyond the reach of意为 “鞭长莫及”;beyond control意为 “失控”;beyond description意为 “难以言表”。‎ ‎〖08山东〗I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real ______.‎ A. exchange B. bargain C. trade D. business ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗bargain用作名词时, 意为 “廉价货, 便宜货”, a real bargain意为 “真便宜”。‎ ‎〖08江西〗---Shall we go out for a walk?‎ ‎--- Sorry. This is not the right ____ to invite me. I am too tired to walk.‎ A. moment B. situation C. place D. chance ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为:——我们出去散散步好吗?——对不起, 这不是邀请我的合适的时间, 我太累了而不想去散步。A项 “某一时刻, 片刻”;B项 “情形, 状况”;C项 “地方”;D项 “机会”。‎ ‎〖08浙江〗Dogs have a very good ______ of smell and are often used to search for survivors in an earthquake.‎ A. sense B. view C. means D. idea ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗a sense of smell嗅觉。句意为:狗嗅觉灵敏, 经常被用来搜寻地震中的幸存者。‎ ‎〖08湖北〗The young man made a ______  to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.‎ ‎  A.prediction      B.promise           C.plan              D.contribution ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为:这位年轻人向他的父母许诺说毕业之后他将努力自食其力。make a promise许诺, 答应, 其后的that从句为同位语从句, 补充说明先行词promise的内容, 其他选项不合句意。‎ ‎〖08湖北〗The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly______‎ ‎ A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为:这两个国家的最高领导人在友好的气氛中进行交谈。atmosphere气氛, 氛围;state状态;situation形势, 局面;phenomenon现象。‎ ‎〖08天津〗Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil.‎ ‎ A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗coal, gas and oil均为 “燃料(fuels)”。‎ ‎〖07湖北〗Despite such a big difference in ______ towards what one eats, there is no doubt that people in the west regard the Chinese food as something special. ‎ ‎ A. point B. idea C. attitude D. sight ‎ ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗point点;意义;idea主意, 念头;attitude态度,‎ ‎ 看法;sight视力。句意为:尽管对一个人的饮食的态度有着很大的不同, 但是毫无疑问西方人把中国的饮食看作是某种特殊的东西。‎ ‎〖07上海〗My morning _____ includes jogging in the park and reading newspapers over breakfast.‎ ‎ A. drill B. action C. regulation D. routine ‎ ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗drill操练;action行为;regulation规则, 条例;routine惯例, 常规。由句意可知D项正确。‎ ‎〖07安徽〗The practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common ____ in many parts of the city.‎ A. look B. sign C. sight D. appearance ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗sight风景;look表情;sign迹象, 现象;appearance出现, 显露。‎ ‎〖07天津〗One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living ________.‎ A. bills B. expenses C. prices D. charges ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为:一月1 000美元不是一笔财富, 但是能帮助支付我的生活费用。A项为 “账单”;B项为 “花费;费用”;C项为 “价格”;D项为 “价格;索价”。‎ ‎〖07陕西〗He and his wife are of the same        ;they both want their son to go to college.‎ A.soul            B.spirit          C.heart             D.mind ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查名词词义辨析。soul心灵, 灵魂;spirit精神;heart心, 心脏;mind想法, 主意;be of the same mind为固定短语, 意为 “对……看法相同, 主意一样”, 符合句意。‎ ‎〖07福建〗—You are always full of        .Can you tell me the secret? ‎—Taking plenty of exercise every day.‎ A.power           B.strength          C.force             D.energy ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查名词词义辨析。power权力, 势力;strength力气, 优势;force力, 武力;energy精力;be full of energy指 “精力旺盛”, 符合题意。‎ ‎〖07浙江〗Of the seven days in a week, Saturday is said to be the most popular ______ for a wedding in some countries.‎ A. way B. situation C. event D. choice ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意为:在某些国家, 一周的七天里星期六是举行婚礼最佳的日子。way方式, 方法;situation状况, 处境;event事情, 事件;choice挑选, 选择。根据题意, 应选D项。‎ ‎〖07山东〗I can’t say which wine is best – it’s a(n) _____ of personal taste.‎ A. affair B. event C. matter D. variety ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗此题考查固定搭配。a matter of ….是固定搭配。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意:我无法说哪种酒最好——这是个人口味爱好的问题。a matter of意为 “关于……的问题”, 如:a matter of principle原则问题;a matter of opinion仁者见仁, 智者见智;a matter of remembering words 记几个单词的问题。A项意为 “政治事务, 私人业务”;B项意为 “重要事情、大事”;D项意为 “不同种类”。‎ ‎〖07辽宁〗Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a _____ of exercise.‎ A. limit B. lack C. need D. demand ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗a lack of缺乏。句意为:健康问题与不良的饮食习惯和缺少锻炼密切相关。‎ ‎〖06全国Ⅱ〗It is no         arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind.‎ ‎ A. use       B. help          C.time           D.way ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗it is no use后接动词+ing形式或动词+ing形式短语表示做某事没有用。it作形式主语, 接动词+ing形式或动词+ing形式短语作真正的主语。help意为 “帮助”。time意为 “时间”。way意为 “方法”。‎ ‎〖06天津〗Finding information in today’s world is easy. The ______ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.‎ A. ability      B. competition      C. challenge        D. knowledge ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗challenge意为 “挑战, 艰巨任务, 难题”, 由于我们现在正处于信息爆炸的时代, 在当今时代中找到信息是一件很容易的事, 但区分出这些信息是否有用的确是一个难题。ability意为 “能力”。competition意为 “竞赛”。knowledge意为 “知识”。‎ ‎〖06上海〗When Jane began to take swimming lessons, her main _____ was the fear of water. ‎ A. evidence          B. crisis       C. obstacle        D. danger ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题考查名词obstacle(障碍)。学游泳的主要心理障碍是怕水, 这是-个常识。‎ ‎〖06辽宁〗School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous          .‎ A.states          B.conditions                  C.situations                   D.positions ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗situation意为 “形势, 局面;情况”, 指各种具体情况综合起来的状态, 多指危急或重大的事态, 强调外部因素对该事态的影响。表示要教给学生如何处理危险情况。state意为 “状况, 情形, 情况, 形势”, 指人或物在外观、心理、健康、环境等方面的情形, 即人或物存在或所处的状态, 但不如condition具体。condition意为 “状态, 状况, 情形”, 用作单数形式, 表示人或物所处的真实具体状态, 尤指内在状态, 可与state替用, 用作复数形式, 笼统地表示一般的状态。position意为 “位置;方位;地点”。‎ ‎〖06浙江〗—If you like I can do some shopping for you.‎ ‎   — That’ s a very kind _______.‎ ‎   A. offer         B. service             C. point             D. suggestion ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题可以用排除法。首先service是不可数名词, 应该排除。另外本题问句 “如果你愿意, 我可以帮你买东西”从意思上分析是一个建议, suggestion作为提议、建议时是不可数名词, 可以排除。另外point指观点, 不符合题意。所以选A, offer, 也是提议的意思。‎ ‎〖06福建〗Always read the________on the bottle carefully and take the right amout of medieine. A.explanstions                 B.instructions         C.descriptions             D.introductions ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗nstruction意为 “说明, 须知”, 在正式场合, 指不可违背的命令, 在一般场合, 指知识性的指示或意见, 与direction相比, 语气较轻, 较委婉, 常用作复数形式。explanation意为 “解释, 注释;说明”, 指通过实例进行解释说明。description意为 “描写”, 指通过生动的语言描述某件事或某个情节。introduction意为 “引导;传入, 介绍”, 指对某种新产品进行介绍。‎ ‎〖06湖北〗To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _____ and weaknesses.‎ ‎    A. strengths       B. benefits         C. techniques      D. values ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗strength意为 “力, 力量, 体力”, 常指人体或物体内存在的力, 如气力、耐力、抵抗力, 有时也可指进行某种活动的推动力。根据句意可判断出为了使体育队的成员在比赛中取得更好成绩,‎ ‎ 教练首先要了解队员的体力和薄弱的地方。benefit意为 “利益, 好处;利润”。technique意为 “技术”。value意为 “价值”。‎ ‎〖06湖北〗The ______on his face told me that he was angry.‎ A. impression     B. sight    C. appearance      D. expression ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗expression意为 “表情”, 根据后面 “told me”可以推断前面 “告诉我们他很生气”的应该是他 “脸上的表情”。impression是印象, sight是视觉, appearance是外貌, 这三个逻辑上都不对。‎ ‎〖06湖北〗At the meeting they discussed three different  ______to the study of mathematics.‎ A. approaches      B. means         C. methods        D. ways ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗way意为 “方式, 方法”, 可指具体的方法, 也可指抽象的方法, 多指一般的思想、行动、办事的方法, 也可指个人特殊的方法、方式等。three different ways of study of mathematics表示 “三种不同的学习数学的方式”。approach原指接近某人或某物, 也可指对待或处理的方式或方法。means用于抽象意义, 可指为达到某—目的而采用的方法、计划、政策、策略等, 尤指整套的方法, 用于具体意义, 常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、材料、机器、用具、车船等。method指具体的、系统的、有步骤的方法, 强调条理性及高效率。‎ ‎〖06广东〗You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of           .‎ A. date           B. shape                C. order               D. balance ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗out of shape是 “变型”的意思, 根据前面 “你坐在我的帽子上”可判断出帽子是 “变型”了。out of date意为 “过时”, out of order意为 “混乱”, out of balance意为 “失衡”。‎ ‎〖06江西〗It is said that dogs will keep you            for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. ‎ A. safety    B. company    C. house    D. friend ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗本题的意思 “据说在你孤独的时候狗会陪伴在你身边”, keep you company是 “如影随形”的意思。‎ ‎〖06陕西〗My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was_________it.‎ A.in favour of                 B.in memory of C.in honour of                 D.in search of ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查介词短语辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗in favour of意为 “赞成”, 表示对建议等赞成。while表示转折, 意为 “而”, 表示我妹妹反对我的建议, 而我弟弟赞成我的建议。in honour of意为 “向……表示敬意”。in memory of意为 “纪念”。in search of意为 “寻找, 寻求”。‎ ‎〖06上海春〗Put the ______ of your tongue against your upper teeth when you produce the sound.‎ A. tip                    B. top                          C. peak                        D. pole ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗tip “尖”(舌尖), top顶端, peak最高峰, 顶峰, pole极。‎ ‎〖05天津〗Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_______.‎ ‎  A. ability       B. force        C. strength       D. mind ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗build up one’s strength使自己强壮。‎ ‎〖05上海〗He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his _______ was seen at its best when he worked with others.‎ A. temper               B. appearance            C. talent                    D. character ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗character性格。当他与别人一起工作时他的性格展现出最好的一面。temper脾气;appearance外貌;talent智力。‎ ‎〖05辽宁〗The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has _________ all over the country. ‎ ‎   A. companies            B. branches                   C. organizations       D. businesses ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗branch分部。在全国各地有许多分部。company公司;organization组织;business生意。‎ ‎〖05浙江〗I am sure David will be able to find the library-he has a pretty good_______ of direction.‎ A. idea        B. feeling      C. experience     D. sense ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗sense of direction方向感。根据所提供的情景 “I am sure David will be able to find the library”可判断出他有良好的方向感。feeling感觉, 除指身体的感觉外, 还可指思想、感情上的感觉。‎ ‎〖05安徽〗My ______ of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends. ‎ A. idea                B. opinion          C. mind               D. thought ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗idea指日常生活中的想法、意见, 一般较具体、清楚。opinion指对某事的具体看法或意见。mind智力, 精神。thought指经过充分考虑和推理后形成的意见, 可更全面、更系统。‎ ‎〖05上海春〗Do you have any ______ of what life would be like if we lived on other planets?‎ A.plan      B.idea      C.impression     D.imagination 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗你可曾想过, 如果我们生活在其他星球上, 生活会是什么样子的?‎ ‎〖05上海春〗Beginners are expected to be familiar with the ______of the reading material before they come to the class.‎ A.condition    B.concept    C.contest      D.content ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗A. 条件、情形;B. 观念、概念;C. 竞赛;D. 内容。本句意思是:“初学者应该在上课前熟悉阅读材料的内容。”因此, 答案应选D。 〖05上海春〗I have read the material several times but it doesn't make any ________ to me.‎ A meaning       B. importance      C. sense      D. significance ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗make sense 有意义, 固定短语。‎ ‎〖05上海春〗Usually a child's behaviour is a ________ of his family environment ‎ A. recognition    B. reflection     C. return     D. record ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗reflection n. 映像。通常一个孩子的行为是他家庭环境的反映。‎ ‎〖05上海春〗We need to consider what ___ we will be using for language training.‎ A. abilities     B. appliances    C. facilities     D. qualities ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗facility复数形式表示:设施, 设备。‎ ‎〖04全国卷Ⅲ〗If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off______. ‎ A. a price                  B. price                     C. the price        D. prices ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考冠词和名词。‎ ‎〖解析〗全句合理句意应是:如果你买超过10个, 他们从(现在标出的)价格上减价20便士。此处价格是特指的定价, 所以C项最佳。‎ ‎〖04全国Ⅲ〗The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a       of 60 miles.‎ A.length                B.distance              C.way                  D.space ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗length长度;distance距离;way道路;space空间, 太空。根据句子的意思, 答案选B项, 指离那儿60英里远的地方。‎ ‎〖04天津〗I keep medicines on the top shelf,out of the children’s______.‎ A.reach                     B.hand                      C.hold               D.place ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗A意思是:够得着的地方;B是:指示, 掌管;C是:控制, 照管;D是:地方。根据句意, 目的是不让孩子们拿着, out of one's reach “某人够不着的地方”。所以答案选A。 ‎ ‎〖04上海〗The environmentalists said wild goats’______ on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment.‎ A.escape                   B.absence                 C.attendance                    D.appearance ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗escape:逃跑, absence:缺席, 根据句子后面的good indication of the better environment可将A、B排除;attendance:出勤, 一般指接受邀请或要求而主动参加, 与题意不符, 故只有appearance:出现, 符合题意。句子意思为:环境学家说野山羊存大草原的出现说明环境变好了。因此, 答案选D。 〖04上海〗In dealing with public relations,we should make every effort to prevent the______ in personality.‎ A.contact                  B.contrast                 C.connection                    D.conflict ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗contact:接触, contrast:对比, connection:联系, conflict:冲突。句子的意思为:在处理公共关系时, 我们应努力防止人格冲突。‎ ‎〖04上海〗Chinese arts have won the______ of a lot of people outside China.‎ A.enjoyment              B.appreciation                   C.entertainment         D.reputation ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗enjoyment:满意, 快乐;appreciation:欣赏、赏识;entertainment:娱乐;reputation:名声。根据句子的意思, 答案应该选B, 意思为:中国艺术享誉海外。‎ ‎〖04湖北〗Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within______ of little children. ‎ A. hand                    B. reach                       C. space                      D. distance ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗hand支配;reach够得着的地方;space空间;distance距离。with(the)reach of是一个常用的介词短语搭配, 意思是 “在……的手能够得着的地方”。根据句意,答案选B项。‎ ‎〖04上海春〗The village is far away from here indeed. It’s      walk.  ‎ A. a four hour                              B. a four hours C. a four-hours                         D. a four hours ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗冠词、数词、量词和名词连用有两种形式:一种是a+数词+量词的名词所有格+名词, 如果数词大于…1’, 量词要用复数形式, 如:a four miles’ journey;另一种是:a+数词. 量词+名词, 这时量词用单数形式。如:a four-mile walk。 ‎ ‎〖04上海春〗I have read the material several times but it doesn’t make any      to me.  ‎ A. meaning B. importance C. sense D. significance ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗meaning意义;含义;意图 importance价值;重要;重大;傲慢sense感觉, 官能;观念;道理;理智significance意义;重要性;意思 ‎〖03北京〗—_____I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke.I was very tired. ‎ ‎—There is no______ for this while you are on duty. ‎ A.reason              B.excuse C.cause      D.explanation ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗excuse理由、借口。说话人意为:你在值班的时候是没有任何理由出去的。reason原因;cause事情起因;explanation解释, 与句意不符。‎ ‎〖03上海〗The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took   pictures of them.‎ A.many of             B.masses of C.the number of                   D.a large amount of ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗many直接修饰可数名词, 表很多;接介词of时, 表部分, 此时名词前需用定冠词the修饰。many修饰可数名词复数时不用of, 故A不可选。number用来表示大量、很多时, 应为a number of, 故C不可选。a large amount of用来修饰不可数名词, 而picture是可数名词, 故D也不可选。B项masses of是非正式的表达方式, 后跟可数名词。‎ ‎〖03上海〗 “I don't think it's my   that the TV blew up.I just turned it on, that’s all,” said the boy.‎ A.error           B.mistake C.fault         D.duty ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗error、mistake侧重于 “错误”这一客观事实;而fault侧重于造成差错的主观责任;duty则是指责任、义务、该做的事。题中说电视坏了, 这不是 “我”的责任, 也就是说 “不是‘我’造成的”。‎ ‎〖03上海〗One of the consequences of our planet's being warming up is a(n)   in the number of natural disasters. ‎ A.result              B.account C.reason             D.increase ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗account作名词时意思为 “原因;账户”;result意为 “结果”;reason意为 “理由, 原因”;increase意为 “增加”。原句是说地球升温造成的后果之一是 “增加”了自然灾害的数量, 故用increase。‎ ‎〖03上海〗Life is tough in the city.In order to lose their   , some people drink alcohol.‎ A.temper              B.mood C.consciousness             D.pressures ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗lose one’s temper意为 “发脾气”;mood意为 “心境, 情绪”;consciousness意为 “清醒, 意识”。第一句说 “在城市生活很困难”, 所以应是 “为了缓解压力”。‎ ‎〖03春北京〗The manager has got a good business            so the company is doing well.‎ A.idea                        B.sense C.thought               D.thinking ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗idea指对某件具体事物的看法或想法;thought指某人处理问题的一整套思想体系;thinking指某人在某种特定情况下的思维或考虑, 它们均不符题意。sense辨别力;鉴赏力。译文:这位经理有良好的商业意识, 因此公司经营良好。‎ ‎〖03安徽春〗If you’re driving to the airport. Can you give me a ________? A. hand B. seat C. drive D. lift 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗give sb a lift是 “免费搭私人车, 坐他人顺路车”的意思.‎ ‎〖03安徽春〗Perhaps we need to clear away these books to make _______for our new students. A. place B. area C. space D. room 〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗place和area为可数名词, 在句中不能单独使用, 排除A、B;space和room可通用, 指不确定的范围, 可容下某物或达到某目的, 但make通常跟room搭配。‎ ‎〖03上海春〗The collapse of the World Trade Centre  has put US economy in a difficult           . ‎ A.occasion               B.case C.situation            D.background ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗世贸大厦的倒塌将美国推到了一个困难的境地。‎ ‎〖03上海春〗More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great         of goods. ‎ A.variety                   B.mixture C.extension          D.combination ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗“a great variety of”意为 “品种繁多的”。‎ ‎〖03北京春〗The manager has got a good business ____ so the company is doing well.   A. idea   B. sense   C. thought   D. thinking 〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗a good business sense良好的商业意识。‎ ‎〖02上海〗To regain their______after an exhausting game, the players lay in the grass. ‎ A.  force           B.  energy                C.  power                 D.  health ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗energy 表示体力, 其他词没有这个意思。‎ ‎〖02上海〗According to the recent research, heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily______and effect. ‎ A.reason         B.impact                C.fact                    D.cause ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查词义理解和同义词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗reason意为 “理由”, 用来解释某种现象或结果, 或对事物的起因, 行为的意图等, 给予通情合理, 合乎逻辑的解释, 而不是简单直接地说明起因。eg. When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. impact意为 “强烈的影响;强烈的印象;冲击”。eg. The incident had a strong impact on the residents. fact意为 “事实, 真相实情”指something that you know—has happened or is true。eg. It’s a fact that the earth travels around the sun. cause意为 “原因”, 指造成某一事实现象或产生某种结果的直接原因, 常和effect连用, 表因果。eg. Poor foundations were the cause of the building’s collapse. 不坚固的地基是大楼倒塌的原因。I don’t know the cause and effect of it. 我不知道此事的成因和影响。‎ ‎〖02上海〗Every new______has the possibility of making or losing money. ‎ A. event               B. venture               C. adventure             D. expectation ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗event指较重要的事件;venture指以生命或金钱做赌注而带有危险性的商业企图;adventure指惊险的事、奇遇;expedition指为寻找或做某种事的远行探险。本题涉及making or losing money, 因此选B。‎ ‎〖02上海春〗For the sake of her daughter’s health, she decided to move to a warm   . ‎ A. weather          B. temperature                C. season           D. climate ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词在具体语境中的词义辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗weather(天气), 不可数, 不能与不定冠词连用;season(季节),‎ ‎ temperature(温度)皆与句意不合;climate(气候)指一个地方一定时期内较为稳定的天气情况, 与句意吻合。全句的意思是"为了她女儿健康起见, 她决定搬迁到一个气候温暖的地方去"。答案:D。   ‎ ‎〖02上海春〗I saw Bob play the piano at John’s party and on that   he was simply brilliant. ‎ A. scene            B.  circumstance                C.  occasion     D.  situation ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗 occasion时刻, 场合的意思;on that occasion意为 “在那一刻”。在约翰的派对上, 我看到了鲍勃弹钢琴。那次他弹得实在太好了。‎ ‎〖02上海春〗It can’t be a(n)    that four jewelry stores were robbed in one night. ‎ A. coincidence          B. accident                 C. incident          D. chance ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗本句的意思是:一个晚上有四家珠宝店被抢劫,这决不会是一个巧合。 coincidence"巧合,巧合的事";accident"偶然的事、事故";incident"事件、事变";chance"机会"。‎ ‎〖01上海〗As a result of destroying the forests, a large______ of desert ______ covered the land.‎ A.number…has          B.quantity…has            C.number…have            D.quantity…have ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词的修饰和主谓一致问题。‎ ‎〖解析〗a large number of修饰可数名词, 所以先排除A的C项;desert为不可数名词, 后面的谓语动词应该用单数has, 所以正确答案是B。‎ ‎〖01上海〗In the botanic garden we can find a(n)______of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers.‎ A.species                  B.group                    C.amount                  D.variety ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗a variety of “多种多样的”。‎ ‎〖01上海〗—Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree?‎ ‎—No,it’s out of__ ____.‎ A.range                     B.reach                     C.control                  D.distance ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗本句的意思是:你能射中树梢上的那只鸟吗?不能,它在射程之外。根据上文中的shot,我们应该选range。out of control意为"失去控制"。‎ ‎〖01上海〗The life of London is made up of many different_______.‎ A.elements                B.sections          C.materials         D.realities ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ materials 和 realities 与句意不搭调 ‎ ‎〖解析〗句意: 伦敦的生活有很多元素组成。element是元素的意思, section虽可译为 “部分”, 可一般在这样的句子里说不通, 毕竟不能靠中文解释来套英文的那个词,是语感的问题。‎ ‎〖01上海春〗The_______is just around the corner and you won’t miss it.‎ A.bicycle’s shop         B.bicycle shop         C.bicycles shop           D.bicycles’shop ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗名词作定语可分两种情况, 一是名词所有格;二是表示中心词的性质、材料、类别或性别等时, 一般直接用名词的单数形式, 只有clothes, parents, goods, sports, sales 等少数几个名词必须用复数形式。此处指商店的性质, 用单数形式, 意思为:自行车商店就在拐角处, 你不会错过它。‎ ‎〖01上海春〗His daughter is always shy in_______and she never dares to make a speech to________.‎ A.the public…the public               B.public…the public C.the public…public                      D.public…public ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗in pubic 的意思是 “在公众场合”; the public 意为 “公众”‎ ‎〖01上海春〗This is not a match.We’re playing chess just for_______. ‎ A.habit                          B.hobby                        C.fun                     D.game ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗for fun意为 “为着高兴, 为着好玩, 不当真”。‎ ‎〖01上海春〗No matter what you do, you should put your_______into it. ‎ ‎    A.mind                         B.heart                   C.brain                         D.thought ‎〖答案〗B ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗put one's heart into it =set one's mind to do it ‎ 例如 Nothing is impossible if you put your heart into it. (世上无难事, 只怕有心人。)‎ ‎〖01上海春〗There are usually at least two_______of looking at every question. ‎ ‎   A.means                      B.directions           C.views                       D.ways ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗此句意思是:看问题通常至少要有两种角度。the way of doing sth. 做某事的方法, 方式。 ‎ ‎〖00上海〗The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n)        of courage and power.‎ A.example                 B.sign                C.mark                     D.symbol ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗原句意:狮子被认为是丛林之王和力量与勇气的( )A象征, B是例子, C是征兆、签名, D是标记、分数。‎ ‎〖00上海〗We volunteered to collect money to help the         of the earthquake. ‎ A.victims                  B.folks               C.fellows                  D.villagers ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗我们志愿集资去帮助那些在地震中受害的村民们。victims受害者的意思, 这里指地震的灾民。folks是亲属, 民族的意思 fellows是家伙, 伙伴, 朋友, 同事或同伴的, 同事的意思 villagers 是村民的意思。‎ ‎〖00上海〗If you don’t take away all your things from the desk, there won’t be enough          for my stationery. ‎ A.area                       B.place                     C.room                     D.surface ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗原句意思是: 如果你不把桌子上的东西拿走, 就没有足够的地方让我放文具了。这里的area是地域, room是房间, surface是表面, 用在要放文具的地方都太大了, 说不过去!故选place。‎ ‎〖00上海〗It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to        . ‎ A.rewards                 B.prizes                    C.awards                  D.results ‎〖答案〗A ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗句意是:人们广泛认为婴儿学会做某样事情是因为某些行为可以导致…这里显然是用 “回报”, reward, 选A。英语中习惯用回报来表示对某种付出的应得奖励。‎ ‎〖00上海〗I wrote him a letter to show my        of his thoughtfulness. ‎ A.achievement           B.agreement              C.attention         D.appreciation ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗D感谢, 感激 A 成就 B 同意 C 注意 ‎〖00上海〗One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a highrise is that you can get a good       . ‎ A.sight                      B.scene                     C.view               D.look ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗住在高楼大厦的顶层的好处之一就是视野开阔, 可以观赏到美丽的景色。‎ ‎〖00上海春〗Some of the passengers told the reporters about their   in the burning train.‎ A.details             B.trips               C.events                   D.experiences ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗Detail表示 “细节”, trip表示 “旅行”, event表示 “事件”, experience表示 “经历”。故选D.‎ ‎〖00上海春〗Everybody believes he will be the winner of the 100-metre   .‎ A.match             B.competition            C.contest                  D.race ‎〖答案〗D ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗大家都相信他将获胜的100米赛。‎ ‎〖00上海春〗The rescue team made every   to find the missing mountain climber.‎ A.force              B.energy                   C.effort                    D.possibility ‎〖答案〗C ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗make every effort为固定用法,意为"尽一切努力"。‎ ‎〖00上海春〗What he has done is far from _______. A. satisfactory B. satisfied C. satisfaction D. satisfy 〖答案〗A ‎ ‎〖考点〗本题考查名词辨析。‎ ‎〖解析〗一般说来, 介词后要接名词或相当于名词的词或短语做宾语。然而有些介词后接being + adj, being 可省略, 这就出现了介词+ adj的情况。本句结构为:far from (being) satisfactory.‎ 十年高考【2000-2010】英语分类汇编----名词 考 点 解 析 ‎【考点定位】 2011考纲解读和近几年考点分布 高考研究名词是中学英语的主要词汇之一,也是历年高考的重要考点。结合近几年高考对名词的考查,可以发现在单项选择题中,每年都出现2~3道题。‎ 研究近年来高考题我们不难看出,名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。在高考试题中,名词常结合其他项目一起考察,考察题型以单项选择、短文改错、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解及单词拼写等。‎ ‎【考点PK】 名师考点透析 考点一、对同义词、近义词的考查 ‎ ‎1、 At the meeting they discussed three different_______to the study of mathematics。 ‎ A.approaches B.means C.methods D.ways ‎ ‎【答案】D。‎ 考点二、对相似词的考查 ‎ ‎2、Always read the_______on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. ‎ A. explanations B. instructions ‎ C. descriptions D. introductions ‎ ‎【答案】B。‎ ‎【解析】 从选项中名词的拼写来看,不但形式相似,都是以tions为后缀,而且instructions 和introductions读音也相似,我们平时如果不注意单词的辨形、辨音,很容易混淆,再加上四个单词的含义也相似,有的考生被弄得晕头转向。本题要求在辨形的基础上还要知道这几个词的含义:explanation,“解释”;instruction,“说明”;description,“描述”;introduction,“介绍”。本句的意思是“必须仔细阅读药瓶上的说明,按量服用”。答案是B。‎ 考点三、易错的新版教材名词固定搭配 ‎ 作为对新版教材的体现,新版教材里的一些新出现的名词固定搭配得到了较多的一种考查。 ‎ ‎3、______achievement,last week’s ministerial meeting of the WTO here earned a low,though not failing,grade. ‎ A.In terms of B.In case of ‎ C.As a result of D.In face of ‎ ‎【答案】A。‎ ‎【解析】语境为:就成绩而言,上周WTO在这里的部长级会议得分不高,尽管还不至于不及格。B项表“如果”,C项表“因为”,D项表“面对……”,A项表“关于、至于”,符合题意。 ‎ ‎4、You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of______。 ‎ A.date B.shape C.order D.balanee ‎ 考点四、考察单词基本义的引申和拓展 ‎ 近年来,常见单词的陌生义项在高考试题中不时出现,给部分考生造成了不小的障碍。 ‎ ‎5、To make members of a team perform better,the trainer first of all has to know their _____ and weaknesses. ‎ A.strengths B.benefits ‎ C.techniques D.values ‎ ‎【答案】A。‎ ‎【解析】语境为:要使队员表现得更好,教练员首先得清楚每个队员的优点和缺点。B项表“利益、好处”,不合题意。而A项除表体力外,还可引申为可数名词something providing force or power优点、强项,符合语境。 ‎ ‎【备考提示】平时多翻阅英语词典,尽可能了解最常见单词的新义项。同时,加强英语材料的接触,拓展自己的知识面,提高自己的英语水平。‎ ‎【考点汇总】 知识点归纳小结 I.名词的分类及相互转换 专有名词 普通名词 国名地名人名,‎ 团体机构名称 可数名词 不可数名词 个体名词 集体名词 抽象名词 物质名词 特别注意名词类别的相互转换 个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换 例 句 意 义 名词性质 ‎①She held some flowers in her hand.‎ ‎②The trees are now in flower 花儿 个体名词 开花 抽象名词 ‎①Youth is beautiful.‎ ‎②He is a youth of twenty 青春 抽象名词 年轻人 个体名词 ‎①They have achieved remarkable success in their work.‎ ‎②—How about the Christmas evening party? ‎ ‎—I should say it was a success. ‎ 成功 抽象名词 成功的事 个体名词 物质名词与个体名词的相互转换 例 句 意 义 名词性质 ‎①Iron is a kind of metal.‎ ‎②Please lend me your iron.‎ 铁 物质名词 熨斗 个体名词 ‎①He broke a piece of glass.‎ ‎②He broke a glass.‎ 玻璃 物质名词 玻璃杯 个体名词 ‎①I bought a chicken this morning ‎②Please help yourself to some chicken 小鸡 个体名词 鸡肉 物质名词 抽象名词与个体名词的转换 ‎①—I’d like______information about the management of your hotel,please.‎ ‎—Well, you could have____word with the manager. He might be helpful 具有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某些动词(如:have等)连用,表示某一次短暂的动作 A.some,a B.an,some C.some,some D.an,a ‎②They sent us word of the latest happenings. 消息 (抽象名词)‎ A.a B.an C./ D.the ‎③Could we have word before you go to the meeting? 话(个体名词)‎ A.a B.an C./ D.the 类例:have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a look take a walk/a bath make an advance(进步)/make an early start(早点出发)‎ ‎/make a decision/make a change/give a cry of pain(发出痛苦的叫声) /give a try 表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为普通名词时可以用来表示其中的一部分 ‎①Many people agree that_ __knowledge of English is a must in__ __ international trade today.‎ A.a, / B.the, an C.the, the D. /, the a knowledge of truth(知道实际情况)‎ give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识)‎ have a knowledge of shorthand(有速记的知识) ‎ ‎②If there were no examination, we should have______at school.‎ A.the happiest time B.a more happier time ‎ C.much happiest time D.a much happier time ‎③ is money.‎ ‎ A.The time B.A time C.Time D.Times 抽象名词转换为普通名词可用来表示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象或结果。这时名词前往往有形容词修饰 ‎①Oh, John. _____you gave me!‎ A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surprise ‎ C.What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise ‎②She looked up when I shouted.‎ A.in a surprise B.in the surprise C.in surprise D.in some surprise 其它例子:The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surprise ‎③It is_____work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it.‎ A.so unusual B. such unusual C.such an unusual D.so an unusual II.名词的数 ‎1.规则变化 ‎①单数名词词尾直接加-s。如:boy — boys, pen — pens。‎ ‎②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。‎ glass — glasses(box, watch, brush)‎ 特例:stomach — stomachs ‎③以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。如:‎ baby—babies lady —ladies 注意:penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同:pence(便士的钱数),pennies(便士的枚数)‎ ‎④以“o”结尾的多数加-es。‎ tomato — tomatoes, potato — potatoes, hero — heroes。‎ 下列名词的复数只加-s。 ‎ radios,zoos,photos,pianos,kilos,tobaccos ‎ ‎⑤以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”,之后再加-es。‎ wife—wives self — selves 特例:handkerchief—handkerchiefs(roof /chief ) ‎ gulf—gulfs belief—beliefs ‎ 注意:‎ ‎①有些名词的复数有其特殊的意义:‎ papers报纸,文件考卷 manners礼貌、习俗 goods货物 works工厂、作品、著作 ‎ looks容貌,外表 glasses眼镜,杯子 greens青菜 times时代,次数、倍数 sands沙滩,沙地 irons脚镣,手铐,熨斗 spirits酒精,情绪 customs海关 letters文学 forces军队 riches财富 wishes祝愿 airs气派,架子,姿态 arms军火 damages赔偿金 compasses圆规 ‎ waters水域 woods树林 goods货物 manners礼貌 greens青菜 ruins废墟 give one’s regards to sb.向某人问侯 have words with sb. 同某人吵架 ‎ ‎②物质名词有形或数的相应物体,有单、复数。‎ some coffee一些咖啡 a coffee一杯咖啡 three coffees三杯咖啡 some drink一些饮料 a drink一杯饮料 three drinks三杯饮料 his hair他的头发 a few grey hairs几根白发 ‎③用定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式,表示其全家人,或是其夫妇二人。姓氏复数前不加冠词,则表示若干个姓……的人 The Wangs are our good neighbors.王家是我们的好邻居 There are three Smiths in our group.我们小组有三个姓smith的。‎ ‎2.不规则变化 ‎①改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice ‎ 特例:child-children ‎②单复数相同 sheep, deer, means, works ‎③合成名词 ‎▲将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends ‎▲无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches ‎▲将两部分都变为复数 women singers, men servants III.名词的所有格 ‎1.名词的所有格的构成方法 ‎①名词的所有格一般用于有生命的名词,如果该名词为单数,在词尾上加上“’s”,即构成其所有格。“’s”含有“的”字之意。如:Tom’s bike。以“s”结尾的专有名词,在词尾可加“’s”“或 “’”,构成其所有格。如:Engles’s或(Engles’) works ‎②以s结尾的复数名词,在词尾加“’ ”构成其所有格,如:a works’ school建筑工程学校 ‎③不以s结尾的复数名词,在词尾加“’s ”构成其所有格, 如:Women’s Day ‎④复合名词在末一个词的词尾上加“’s”构成其所有格,如:the editor-in-chief’s office总编辑室 ‎2.名词的所有格特殊用法 一般情况下名词的所有格在句中表示所有关系,作定语用。‎ 但要特别注意下列情况:‎ ‎①如果一个事物为两个人所有,在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”如果不是共有,在两个名词的词尾都要加“’s”。‎ 如:Tom and Mike’s room汤姆和麦克的房间(共有);‎ Tom’s and Mike’s books汤姆的书和麦克的书(不共有)。‎ ‎②表示店铺或某人的家时,常在名词所有格之后省去shop;house或home等词。‎ 如:the tailor’s成衣店;the barber’s理发店;at my aunt’s在我姑姑家。‎ ‎③表示无生命的名词,一般用of短语来表示所有关系,该短语位于其修饰的名词之后。‎ 如:the teachers of our school.‎ 但表示时间﹑距离﹑国家﹑城市的无生命名词,可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”表示所有格。‎ 如:today’s papers, ten minutes’ walk。 ‎ 拟人代名词的所有格用“’s”。‎ 如:Nature’s works(大自然的杰作),Heaven’s will(天意),Fortune’s favorite(幸运的宠儿)‎ ‎④表示有生命的名词也可以用of短语表示所有关系,而且当该名词带有较长的定语时,就只能用of短语 来表示所有关系。‎ 如:the teacher of the boys who are playing football on the playground.‎ ⑤of短语+所有格的用法:在表示所属物的名词前如有不定冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时,常用of 短语+所有格这一结构表示所属关系,如:an old friend of my uncle’s 注:在无上下文的单句中,用双重所有格(of短语加所有格)或用of短语表示 所有关系都可以,只 是侧重点不同 如:He is an old friend of my uncle着重说明的是“我叔叔的”老朋友,不是别人的。‎ He is an old friend of my uncle’s着重说明的是我叔叔有好几位老朋友,他只是其中的一位。‎ 要注意的是双重所有格应是独立的,即其后不再接名词, 如果接名词则显得十分不自然 如:One of my friends’ house was burned down last night.(显得不自然)‎ The house of one of my friends was burned down last night.(显得自然通顺)‎ ⑥其他情况:‎ 在某些固定词组或习惯用法中的所有格不可随意推断其意思 at arm’s length保持一定距离 at his finger’s ends对某事熟知 within a stone’s throw离得很近 out of harm’s way安全的地方 IV.名词做定语 ‎1.表示用什么原料 stone figures(石像),castor oil(蓖麻油),silk books(丝绸书),paper money(纸币),metal pots(金属锅),plastic sheets(塑料布),diamond necklace(钻石项链),gold medals(金牌)‎ ‎2.表示存在或发生的地方 country music(乡村音乐),forest land(森林土层),post office(邮政局),school education(学校教育),palace ball(宫庭舞会),space satellites(太空卫星),tabke cloth(桌布),street lights(街灯),nature park(天然公园),government office(政府机关)‎ ‎3.表示部分与整体的关系 ‎ river banks(河岸),cabbage seed(卷心菜种子),animal bones(动物骨头),cigarette ends(烟头),ocean floor(洋 底),school gate(校门口),overcoat pockets(大衣口袋),table legs(桌脚),tree branches(树枝)‎ 如果谈到某特定的东西时,我们要用of结构来表示:‎ the windows of the classroom ‎4.表示用途性质 coffee cups(咖啡杯),book stores(书店),sports shoes(运动鞋),food factory(食品工厂),women police officers(女警官),design office(设计工作室),fruit trees(水果树),traffic lights(交通灯),‎ bell rope(铃绳) ‎ ‎5.说明后一名词的内容 forest programmes(森林规划),weight problems(体重问题),science lab(科学实验室),‎ computer studies(电脑学习),weather report(天气报),film industry(电影工业),‎ wildlife project(野生动物工程),China Daily(中国日报),body language(体语言)‎ ‎6.表示泛指的时间名词 summer holidays(暑假),winter weather(冬天的天气),time zone(时区),evening dress(晚礼服),‎ morning paper(晨报),Sunday edition(星期日版),rooster year stamp(鸡年邮票),night school(夜校) ‎ 但表具体的时间名词作定语,则要用所有格结构来表达。‎ 如:yesterday’s news(昨天的消息),an hour’s drive(开车一小时的路程)‎ 注:名词作定语时,一般用单数形式,但在个别情况下,也有需用复数的。‎ 如:sports meet(运动会),the United States government(美国政府),students reading-room(学生阅览室),goods train(货车),two men doctors(两个男医生) ‎ 注意:a-seven-year-old child中的year不能用复数形式