2020版高考英语一轮巩固达标练 Unit 2 The United Kingdom（含解析）新人教版必修5 8页

The ‎United Kingdom 李仕才 一、阅读理解。‎ According to a team of researchers, an animal’s ability to perceive(感知) time is linked to their pace of life.‎ ‎“Our results lend support to the importance of time perception in animals where the ability to perceive time in a very short time may be the difference between life and death for fast moving creatures，” commented the lead author Kevin Healy from Trinity College Dublin.‎ The study was done with a variety of animals using a phenomenon based on the maximum speed of flashes of light an individual can see before the light source is seen as constant. Dogs, for example, have eyes with a refresh rate higher than humans.‎ One example of this phenomenon at work, the authors say, is the housefly and its ability to avoid being hit. The research shows flies observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve, which allows them to avoid being hit.‎ Professor Graeme Ruxton of the University of St Andrews in Scotland, who worked jointly on the research project, said in a statement, “Having eyes that send updates to the brain at much higher frequencies than our eyes do is of no value if the brain cannot process that information equally quickly. Thus, this work highlights the impressive abilities of even the smallest animal brains. Flies might not be deep thinkers, but they can make good decisions very quickly.”‎ In comparison, the tiger beetle(虎甲虫) runs faster than its eyes can keep up, basically becoming blind, which requires it to stop periodically to reevaluate its prey’s(猎物) position.‎ Our results suggest that time perception offers an as yet unstudied dimension in which animals can specialize and there is a considerable range to study this system in more detail.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇科普说明文。研究发现，动物感知时间的能力和它们的生活节奏有关，对于快速移动的动物来说，在短时间内感知时间的能力决定着它们的生死。文章列举了家蝇、狗和虎甲虫等动物，证明了动物感知时间的能力的重要性。‎ 8‎ ‎1．What is the research mentioned in the passage mainly about?‎ A．Pace of life of animals.‎ B．Time perception of animals.‎ C．Lifetime of small animals.‎ D．Impressive abilities of animals.‎ B　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，“According to a team of researchers, an animal’s ability to perceive(感知) time is linked to their pace of life.”为本文的主题句；结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究发现：动物感知时间的能力和它们的生活节奏有关，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．What does Kevin Healy’s comment mean in Para. 2?‎ A．The ability of animals to perceive time depends on their high moving speed.‎ B．The survival of fast moving animals relies on their ability to perceive time.‎ C．Animals with quicker pace of life have better perception of time.‎ D．Animals with poor ability of time perception have a shorter life.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段Kevin Healy所说的话可知，Kevin Healy认为，对于快速移动的动物来说在短时间内感知时间的能力决定着它们的生死；据此可知，该句是说快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它们对时间的感知能力，故B项正确。‎ ‎3．Why can houseflies avoid being hit?‎ A．They can think very deeply before they act.‎ B．They can fly much faster than their eyes can keep up.‎ C．They can process information as quickly as they receive it.‎ D．They can send information to the brain more quickly than to their eyes.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“The research shows flies observe motion in a shorter time than our own eyes can achieve, which allows them to avoid being hit.”可知，家蝇能比我们在更短的时间内感知到物体的运动，这是它们得以避免被拍死的原因，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．What will a tiger beetle have to do to catch a moving prey?‎ A．Try to run as fast as it can.‎ 8‎ B．Prevent itself from becoming blind.‎ C．Slow down to gain its time perception.‎ D．Stop occasionally to spot the prey again.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第六段可知，虎甲虫虽然奔跑的速度快，但是视力跟不上奔跑的速度，需要偶尔停下来重新确定猎物的位置，故D项正确。‎ 二、语法填空。‎ In Britain someone who helps children cross the street __1__ (call)“lollipop person”， because their sign looks like a lollipop (棒棒糖)．‎ The job of a lollipop person is to walk to the middle of the road at a(n) __2__ (suit) time, holding up the sign. It is a legal __3__ (require) for traffic to stop at this command. The lollipop person will signal that it is all right to cross the road __4__ (safe). Traffic may only move once the sign has been lowered.‎ Generally speaking, school crossings are manned for approximately 3 hours a day or less. As a result, the work has always appealed more __5__ people seeking to supplement their income such as __6__ retired.‎ Lollipop people were introduced to enable policemen, __7__ had previously run crossing patrols (巡逻), to perform other duties. The earliest lollipops were red and black rectangles __8__ (say)“Stop, children crossing.”‎ In ‎2001 in Europe patrollers were given extra powers allowing them __9__ (assist) adults with crossing, too. The most recent change in the history of the School Crossing Patrol saw the word “children” __10__ (replace) with a symbol to bring the UK in line with the rest of the EU (欧盟)．‎ ‎1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　9.________ 　10.________ ‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国协助交通的交通安全员的情况。‎ ‎1．is called　考查动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致。此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；call意为“把……叫作”，与主语someone之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；因主语someone是单数概念，所以谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is called。‎ ‎2．suitable　考查词性转换。此处表示“一个合适的时间”，应用形容词作定语修饰名词time。故填suitable。‎ ‎3．requirement　考查词性转换。此处表示“一个合法的要求”。形容词legal用来修饰名词，其前有冠词a，故用require的名词形式requirement。‎ ‎4．safely　考查词性转换。此处表示“安全地过马路”，应用副词修饰动词短语cross the road，故用safe的副词形式safely。‎ 8‎ ‎5．to　考查介词。appeal to意为“吸引”，为固定短语。故填to。‎ ‎6．the　考查冠词。“the＋形容词”表示一类人。the retired意为“退休的人”，符合语境。故填the。‎ ‎7．who　考查定语从句的引导词。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句“__7__ had previously run crossing patrols (巡逻)”中作主语，指人，应用关系代词who引导从句。‎ ‎8．saying　考查非谓语动词。空格处作后置定语，say与被修饰的名词“red and black rectangles”之间为主动关系，意为“写着”。故填say的现在分词形式saying。‎ ‎9．to assist　考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth. 意为“允许某人做某事”，是固定结构。故填to assist。‎ ‎10．replaced　考查非谓语动词。此处表示“看见单词‘children’被一个符号代替”，replace与saw的宾语“the word”之间为被动关系，故用replace的过去分词形式，作saw的宾语补足语。故填replaced。‎ 三、完形填空。‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ My fiancé(未婚夫)and I decided today was the day to treat ourselves to a nice dinner.It __1__ as“our day”，but little did we know that it would turn into much __2__.I didn't want the whole day to be about wanting to __3__ the office for the upcoming(即将到来的)__4__ and I didn't want it to be just another romantic night for two，__5__ I decided to do something to make ourselves and others happy.‎ I began in small ways.I __6__ a few more coins into the food vending machines(自动售货机)at work for the staff，so that there would be something for the next __7__ worker.I posted smile signs in the hall which gave __8__ instructions on how to smile as __9__ entered the office，either before their morning cup of coffee or right before a meeting with their boss.I drafted some powerful words of inspiration on colorful strips of paper and decorated my __10__ ，so that any colleague who came by might just__11__ for a moment，read，and __12__ change their feeling.‎ When it came time for our lovely dinner to __13__ that night，I left the server a big __14__ and a wellwishing note for her to have a __15__ day.As my fiance and I were just about to leave our table，the waitress __16__ tears beside us.We asked her to __17__ with us and we just listened.As an emotional mothertobe，I __18__ along with her，too.Our table for two was now for __19__.‎ It was a day that was not __20__ ours，but it was the waitress'day，my coworkers'‎ 8‎ ‎ day，and now it's your day too!‎ ‎1．A.started　　　　　B．adapted C．disappeared D．finished ‎2．A.later B．worse C．more D．earlier ‎3．A.apply B．leave C．find D．stay ‎4．A.party B．picnic C．banquet D．dinner ‎5．A.if B．though C．so D．because ‎6．A.turned B．put C．made D．hid ‎7．A.full B．sleepy C．angry D．hungry ‎8．A.few B．clean C．clear D．puzzling ‎9．A.employees B．managers C．friends D．bosses ‎10．A.home B．office C．restaurant D．bedroom ‎11．A.stop B．run C．eat D．buy ‎12．A.never B．hardly C．frequently D．perhaps ‎13．A.change B．begin C．arise D．end ‎14．A.bill B．tip C．order D．menu ‎15．A.wonderful B．careful C．busy D．anxious ‎16．A.looked into B．came into C．made into D．burst into ‎17．A.stand up B．sit down 8‎ C．go away D．stay up ‎18．A.smiled B．shouted C．cried D．cheered ‎19．A.three B．four C．five D．six ‎20．A.ever B．usual C．just D．even ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者和她的未婚夫决定一起共进晚餐。在这本该属于他们自己的特殊一天里，作者却选择把关爱和欢乐一同送给同事、餐厅服务员、甚至是未曾谋面的陌生人，让爱和温暖滋润他人。‎ ‎1．A　考查动词辨析。根据下文的“but little did we know that it would turn into much ________”及下文内容可知，这顿晚餐一开始只属于我们。start意为“开始”，符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎2．C　考查形容词辨析。根据最后一段中的“but it was the waitress' day，my coworkers' day, and now it's your day too”可知，“我们”的这一天最后却变得更有意义，是更多人的一天。more 意为“更多”，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎3．B　考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指吃晚饭前先离开办公室。leave意为“离开”，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎4．D　考查名词辨析。根据第一段第一句中的“a nice dinner”可知，此处指即将到来的晚餐。故选D。‎ ‎5．C　考查连词辨析。根据语境可知，此处指作者不想这一天只属于她和未婚夫，她也想给他人带来快乐。本句与上句构成因果关系。故选C。‎ ‎6．B　考查动词辨析。根据语境及常识可知，硬币应该是放入自动售货机。B项意为“放，安置”，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎7．D　考查形容词辨析。根据上文中的“food vending machines(自动售货机)”可知，此处指在自动售货机里放入多一些的硬币，是为了让下一个肚子饿了来买食物的同事有东西吃。hungry意为“饥饿的”，符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎8．C　考查形容词辨析。根据空格后的“instructions”及上文中的“I posted smile signs in the hall”可知，此处指作者在大厅里贴出清晰易懂的笑脸示范。clear意为“清晰易懂的，明白清楚的”，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎9．A　考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“right before a meeting with their boss”可知，此处应指雇员。故选A。‎ ‎10．B　考查名词辨析。根据空格后的“any colleague who came by”可知，作者装饰的是办公室。故选B。‎ 8‎ ‎11．A　考查动词辨析。根据空格后的“for a moment，read”可知，路过的同事们看到激励的话会停下来读一读。故选A。‎ ‎12．D　考查副词辨析。根据语境可知，作者觉得这些激励的话可能会改变同事们的心情。此处表推测。故选D。‎ ‎13．D　考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“I left the server...”可推知，此处应表示在晚餐结束要离开的时候。end意为“结束，终止”，符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎14．B　考查名词辨析。根据语境及常识可知，在离开之前作者给服务员留下了很丰厚的小费。B项意为“小费”，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎15．A　考查形容词辨析。根据上文及“a wellwishing note”可知，作者的便条是祝愿服务员有美好的一天。wonderful意为“精彩的，绝妙的”，符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎16．D　考查动词短语辨析。根据上下文语境可知，服务员看到作者的便条感动得哭了。burst into tears意为“突然哭了”，符合语境。故选D。‎ ‎17．B　考查动词短语辨析。根据空格后的“with us”可知，作者邀请服务员坐下来，听她倾诉。B项意为“坐下”，符合语境。故选B。‎ ‎18．C　考查动词辨析。根据上文中的“As an emotional mothertobe”及语境可知，服务员突然哭起来，而作者作为一名感性的孕妇也陪她哭了起来。故选C。‎ ‎19．A　考查数词辨析。根据上文可知，作者夫妇和服务员一起坐着，因此一共是三个人。故选A。‎ ‎20．C　考查副词辨析。句意为：这一天已经不仅仅是属于我们的，也是属于服务员的、我的同事的而且现在也是你们的。just意为“仅仅”，符合语境。故选C。‎ 四、短文改错。‎ ‎ Last month, I, as well as my parents, were invited to my uncle's home in the United States. My uncle, moved to America when I was five, has been living there for nearly ten years. She met us at the airport. I was exciting when I set my foot on the land‎ of ‎America. In the followed days, we visited some places of interest and took photos in the front of the Statue of Liberty. We all enjoyed visiting the Museum‎ of ‎Natural History so it enriched our knowledge great. For me, this is one of the most rewarding trips which I have ever made in my life and I am looking forward to go there again.‎ 答案：‎ ‎ Last month, I, as well as my parents, invited to my uncle's home in the United States. My uncle, moved to America when I was five, has been living there ‎ 8‎ for nearly ten years. met us at the airport. I was when I set my foot on the land‎ of ‎America. In the days, we visited some places of interest and took photos in front of the Statue of Liberty. We all enjoyed visiting the Museum‎ of ‎Natural History it enriched our knowledge . For me, this is one of the most rewarding trips I have ever made in my life and I am looking forward to there again.‎ 难项分析：‎ 第一处：were→was　考查主谓一致。主语后接as well as引导的短语时，谓语动词的数由前面的主语来决定。故were改为was。‎ 第四处：exciting→excited　考查形容词。此处指人内心的感受，所以用ed结尾的形容词。故exciting改为excited。‎ 第九处：which→that　考查定语从句的引导词。先行词前由形容词最高级修饰，关系词只能用that不能用which。‎ 五、七选五 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 8‎