高考英语一轮复习限时阅读训练17 5页

‎2019届高考英语一轮复习限时阅读训练17‎ A 　　Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows (寡妇)and widowers were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man’s life and two to a woman’s. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm. 　　Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University‎ of ‎Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn’t smoke. There’s a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse’s death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects. 　　So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner. 　　A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.” 　51. William Farr’s study and other studies show that _________. 　　A .social life provides an effective cure for ‎ illness 　　B. being sociable helps improve one’s quality of life 　　C. women benefit more than men from marriage 　　D. marriage contributes a great deal to longevity 　52. Linda Waite’s studies support the idea that _________. 　　A. older men should quit smoking to stay healthy 　　B. marriage can help make up for ill health 　　C. the married are happier than the unmarried 　　D. unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life 　53. It can be inferred from the context that the “flip side” (Line 4, Para. 2) refers to _________. 　　A. the disadvantages of being married 　　B. the emotional problems arising from marriage 　　C. the responsibility of taking care of one’s family 　　D. the consequence of a broken marriage 　54. What does the author say about social networks? 　　A. They have effects similar to those of a marriage. 　　B. They help develop people’s community spirit. 　　C. They provide timely support for those in need. 　　D. They help relieve people of their life’s burdens. 　55. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? 　　A. It’s important that we develop a social network when young. 　　B. To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network. 　　C. Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span. 　　D. We should share our social networks with each other.‎ B ‎ A few years ago I asked my children’s governess, Julia Vassilyevna, to come into my study.‎ ‎ “ Sit down, Julia Vassilyevna,” I said.“Let’s settle our accounts. Although you most likely need some money, you stand on ceremony and won’t ask for it yourself. Now then, we agree on thirty rubles a month…”‎ ‎ “ Forty.”‎ ‎ “ No, thirty. I made a note of it. I always pay the governess thirty. Now then, you’ve been here two months, so…”‎ ‎ “ Two months and five days.”‎ ‎ “ Exactly two months. I made a specific note of it. That means you have sixty rubles coming to you. Subtract nine Sundays… you know you didn’t work with Kolya on Sundays, you only took walks. And three holidays…”‎ ‎ Julia Vassilyevna flushed a deep red and picked at the flounce of her dress, but--- not a word.‎ ‎ “ Three holidays, therefore take off twelve rubles. Four days Kolya was sick and there were no lessons, as you were occupied only with Vanya. Three days you had a toothache and my wife gave you permission not to work after lunch. Twelve and seven---nineteen. Subtract…that leaves…hmm…forty-one rubles. Correct?”‎ Julia Vassilyena’s left eye reddened and filled with moisture. Her chin trembled; she coughed nervously and blew her nose, but---not a word.‎ ‎“ Around New Year’s you broke a teacup and saucer: take off two rubles. The cup cost more, it was an heirloom, but---let it go. When didn’t I take a loss? Then, due to your neglect, Kolya climbed a tree and tore his jacket: take off ten. Also due to your heedlessness the maid stole Vanya’s shoes. You ought to watch everything! You get paid for it. So, that means five more rubles off. The tenth of January I gave you ten rubles…”‎ ‎“ You didn’t ” whispered Julia Vassilyevna.‎ ‎“ But I made a note of it.”‎ ‎“ Well…all right.”‎ ‎“ Take twenty-seven from forty-one ---that leaves fourteen.”‎ Both eyes filled with tears. Perspiration appeared on the thin, pretty little nose. Poor girl!‎ ‎“ Only once was I given any money,” she said in a trembling voice, “ and that was by your wife. Three rubles, nothing more.”‎ ‎“ Really? You see now, and I didn’t make a note of it! Take three from fourteen… leaves eleven. Here’s your money, my dear. Three , three, three, one and one. Here it is!”‎ I handed her eleven rubles. She took them and with trembling fingers stuffed them into her pocket.‎ ‎“ Merci,” she whispered.‎ I jumped up and started pacing the room. I was overcome with anger.‎ ‎“ For what, this ---‘merci’?” I asked.‎ ‎“ For the money.”‎ ‎“ But you know I’ve cheated you, God’s sake---robbed you! I have actually stolen from you! Why this ‘merci’?”‎ ‎“ In my other places they didn’t give me anything at all.”‎ ‎“ They didn’t give you anything? No wonder! I played a little joke on you, a cruel lesson, just to teach you … I’m going to give you the entire eighty rubles! Here they are in an envelope all ready for you… Is it really possible to be so spineless? Why don’t you protest? Why be silent? Is it possible in this world to be without teeth and claws--- to be such a nincompoop?”‎ She smiled crookedly and I read in her expression: “ It is possible.”‎ I asked her pardon for the cruel lesson and , to her great surprise, gave her the eighty rubles. She murmured her litter “merci” several times and went out. I looked after her and thought: “How easy it is to crush the weak in this world!”‎ ‎56. When the employer called Julia Vassilyevna in to talk with him, what he really wanted to do was _______‎ A. to settle their accounts B. to criticize her for neglecting her duties as a governess.‎ C. to play a joke on her so as to amuse himself.‎ D. to teach her not to be so spineless.‎ ‎57. The employer made all those criticisms about Julia Vassiliyevna’s work because __________‎ A. she had neglected her duties.‎ B. he wanted to pay her as little money as possible.‎ C. he wanted to make her realize that she was being cheated and protest against it.‎ D. he wanted to make her feel miserable.‎ ‎58. Julia Vassilyevna accepted everything her employer said because ________‎ A. she had in fact neglected her duties.‎ B. she was a very dumb girl.‎ C. she thought it was of no use to protest to her employer.‎ D. she loved the children she taught.‎ ‎59. The employer became very angry when Julia Vassilyevna said “ Merci” because ________‎ A. she didn’t say “Merci” loudly.‎ B. she didn’t protest to him.‎ C. he thought that by simply saying “ Merci” she wasn’t polite enough.‎ D. he didn’t like the way in which she stuffed the money into per pocket and expressed her thanks.‎ ‎60. The text is about _______‎ A. how a governess was cheated by her employer.‎ B. how an employer tried to teach the governess a cruel lesson.‎ C. how a governess was fired by her employer for being a nincompoop.‎ D. how an employer punished the governess for not having done a good job.‎