高考英语一轮基础梳理与练习Unit1Womenofachievement含解析新人教版必修4 11页

拼十年寒窗挑灯苦读不畏难；携双亲期盼背水勇战定夺魁。如果你希望成功，以恒心为良友，以经验为参谋，以小心为兄弟，以希望为哨兵。‎ 必修四Unit 1　Women of achievement 李仕才 ‎【短文语法填空】‎ Music festivals are popular across Africa. But this seems something few would have imagined possible in Goma. For years, the city 1 (link) to wars. The young people were tired of years of 2 (violent), and a youth group set out to organize a music festival 3 peace in the Democratic Republic of Congo. They decided to hold the event in the 4 (east) city of Goma.‎ Their first attempt in 2013 was cancelled 5 Goma came under attack. But last year,‎ ‎25,000 people came to the city to hear their favorite artists play. And this year, some of Africa’s top musicians decided to attend.‎ The crowd cheered 6 Habib Koite arrived for his performance. The smoke machines fired up. Some people stood one behind another, 7 (form) a line. Thousands of other people ate, drank and danced in the dust.‎ Vianney Bisimwa was one of the 8 (organizer) of the festival. He says he and other young people wanted to change the image of Goma.‎ Although the country is known for wars, it is also famous for 9 (it) music. Many local artists sing openly about the conflict. Vianney Bisimwa says this gives people 10 chance to express their feelings.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了刚果民主共和国一个长期战乱的城市戈马，年轻人为了和平几经努力终于办成音乐节的事。‎ ‎1.has been linked ‎ ‎【解析】考查动词。句意：这个城市已经和战争联系在一起数年了。‎ ‎2.violence ‎ ‎【解析】考查名词。介词of后面应用名词形式。‎ ‎3.for ‎ ‎【解析】考查介词。for表示＂为……＂。句意：一个年轻人团体为了和平在刚果民主共和国组织了一次音乐节。‎ ‎4.eastern ‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词。修饰名词city应用形容词作定语。‎ ‎5.because ‎ ‎【解析】考查连词。第一次音乐节被取消是因为Goma遭受袭击。‎ ‎6.when ‎ ‎【解析】考查连词。句意：当哈比博来表演时，人群沸腾了。when表示＂当……时＂，引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎7.forming ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8.organizers ‎ ‎【解析】考查名词的数。句意：Vianney Bisimwa是音乐节的其中一个组织者。表示人用organizer，One of 后加名词复数形式，故填organizers。‎ ‎9.its ‎ ‎【解析】考查代词。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词。‎ ‎10.a ‎ ‎【解析】考查冠词。句意：这给了人们一次表达感情的机会。chance是可数名词，这里表示一次机会，故前面要加a。‎ 一．高考单词→识记·思考·运用 ‎1．核心词汇 ‎①refer vi.谈到；查阅；参考 ‎②respect vi.&n.尊敬；尊重 ‎③deliver vt.递送；接生；发表演说等 ‎④crowd n．人群；观众vt.挤满；使拥挤 ‎⑤behave vt.&vi.举动；举止或行为表现 behaviour n．行为；举止；习性 ‎⑥observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守 observation n．观察；观测 ‎⑦argue vt.&vi讨论；辩论；争论 argument n．争论；争辩；争吵 ‎⑧support n．&vt.支持；拥护 supporter n．支持者 ‎⑨intend vt.计划；打算 intention n．计划；打算 ‎⑩entertainment n．款待；娱乐 entertain vt.使误乐 ‎⑪inspire vt.鼓舞；激发；启示 inspiration n．鼓舞；灵感 ‎2．常考词汇 ‎①shade n. 荫；阴凉处 vt. 遮住光线 ‎②campaign n. 运动；战役 vi. 作战；参加运动 ‎③project n. 项目；工程；规划 ‎④emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 ‎⑤childhood n. 童年；幼年时代 ‎⑥modest adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的 ‎⑦specialist n. 专家；专业工作者 special adj. 特殊的 specially adv. 专门地；特别地 ‎⑧connection n. 连接；关系 connect vt. 连接 ‎⑨organization n. 组织；机构；团体 organize vt. 组织 ‎⑩considerate adj. 考虑周到的 consideration n. 考虑；体谅 用所给单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．When considering (consider) a merger (兼并)，for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in.(2017·江苏卷)‎ ‎2．Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment (entertain) aspect of the music has been lost.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ ‎3．But the World Bank has included the project (project) on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”．(2017·江苏卷)‎ ‎4．It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations (organize)．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ ‎5．It all begins here，by signing up to join an organization (organize)．(2016·浙江卷)‎ ‎6．Cathy suffered some terrible illness in her early childhood ‎ (child)．(2016·天津卷)‎ ‎7．Children may learn the rules of language by observing (observe) their parents’behaviors.(2016·浙江卷)‎ ‎8．Every day in our work，we are_inspired (inspire) by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.(2016·四川卷)‎ ‎9．Begin making the valuable connections (connect) that are necessary to help during the rest of your college career.(2016·浙江卷)‎ ‎10．The journey was_intended (intend) to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ ‎❶“鼓舞，激励”家族 ‎①inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发 ‎②encourage vt.鼓励，激励 ‎③motivate vt.激发，激励 ‎④prompt vt. 鼓励，促使 ‎⑤spirit up 鼓励，激励 ‎❷后缀-ment 构成的抽象名词一览 ‎①achievement 成就；功绩 ‎②adjustment 调整 ‎③advertisement 广告 ‎④agreement 协议 ‎⑤amusement 娱乐，消遣 ‎⑥announcement 宣布 ‎⑦appointment 约定 ‎⑧argument 争论 ‎⑨arrangement 安排 ‎⑩astonishment 惊讶 ‎⑪punishment 惩罚 ‎⑫amazement 惊异，惊愕 ‎❸后缀-hood 构成的名词荟萃 ‎①adulthood 成年 ‎②childhood 童年 ‎③boyhood 少年时代 ‎④brotherhood 手足之情 ‎⑤manhood 男子气概 ‎⑥parenthood 父母身份；亲子关系 ‎⑦neighborhood 邻里；社区；街坊 ‎【完形填空】‎ A taxi driver taught me a lesson in customer satisfaction and expectations.Inspiring speakers __1__ thousands of dollars to give this kind of training to corporate directors and staff.It cost me only a $12 __2__ ride.‎ I had __3__ into Dallas just for the purpose of calling on a client.Time was precious and my __4__ included a quick roundtrip from and back to the airport.A __5__ taxi pulled up.The driver rushed to __6__ the passenger door for me and made sure I was __7__ seated before he closed the door.As he got in the driver's seat，he __8__ that the neatly folded Wall Street Journal next to me was for my use.He then showed me several __9__ and asked me what type of music I would enjoy.‎ I could not believe the __10__ I was receiving！I took the opportunity to say，“__11__ you take great pride in your work.You must have a __12__ to share.”‎ ‎“You bet，” he __13__，“I used to be in Corporate America.But I was tired of thinking my best would never be good enough.I __14__ to find my right position in life，where I could feel __15__ of being the best.I love driving cars，and feeling like I have done a full day's work and done it __16__.So I chose to become a __17__.One thing I know for sure，to be good in my business I just have to meet the expectations of my passengers.__18__，to be great in my business，I have to go __19__ the customer's expectations！”‎ The taxi driver taught me a great life __20__：Go an extra mile when providing any service to others.‎ ‎1．A.offer　　　　 B．charge C．pay D．afford ‎2．A.taxi B．bus C．car D．train ‎3．A.driven B．flown C．ran D．cycled ‎4．A.hope B．purpose C．plan D．choice ‎5．A.private B．rough C．slow D．clean ‎6．A.open B．lock C．push D．shut ‎7．A.silently B．comfortably C．tightly D．casually ‎8．A.declared B．concluded C．found D．mentioned ‎9．A.pictures B．maps C．tapes D．books ‎10．A.service B．gift C．invitation D．advice ‎11．A.Actually B．Obviously C．Gradually D．Suddenly ‎12．A.chance B．secret C．story D．ride ‎13．A.whispered B．argued C．sighed D．replied ‎14．A.decided B．promised C．happened D．hesitated ‎15．A.careful B．proud C．afraid D．curious ‎16．A.early B．rapidly C．cautiously D．well ‎17．A.driver B．director C．client D．speaker ‎18．A.Besides B．Therefore C．However D．Perhaps ‎19．A.against B．within C．over D．beyond ‎20．A.method B．experience C．lesson D．standard ‎【解题导语】本文主要讲述了一名出租车司机给作者上了一堂关于如何达到客户满意和期望的课。‎ ‎【难句分析】One thing I know for sure，to be good in my business I just have to meet the expectations of my passengers.‎ 分析：本句是一个复合句。I know for sure是定语从句。‎ 译文：有一件事我可以肯定，那就是想要做好生意，我就必须要满足我的乘客的期望。‎ ‎ 　　【核心词汇】corporate adj.公司的　client n．客户 precious adj.珍贵的　extra adj.额外的 ‎1．B　根据空后的“thousands of dollars to give this kind of training to corporate directors and staff.It cost me only a $12”可知，励志演讲家的培训是要收费的。charge表示“收费”，符合语境。‎ ‎2．A　根据文章第一句“A taxi driver taught me a lesson in customer satisfaction and expectations”可知，出租车司机收作者12美元。‎ ‎3．B　根据第二段第二句的“Time was precious and my __4__ included a quick aroundtrip from and back to the airport”可知，作者当时是乘飞机去的。‎ ‎4．C　根据语境可知，时间很珍贵，作者的计划中包括往返机场的旅程。‎ ‎5．D　根据下文的“the neatly folded Wall Street Journal next to me was for my use”可推知，出租车很干净。‎ ‎6．A　结合“the passenger door for me”可推知，司机赶快跑过来给作者开车门。‎ ‎7．B　根据语境可推知，该司机注重乘客的满意度，所以他一定确保作者乘坐舒适。‎ ‎8．D　根据语境可推知，司机向乘客提醒有杂志可看。mention“提到”。‎ ‎9．C　根据空后的“asked me what type of music I would enjoy”可推知，司机给作者拿出几盘音乐磁带让他选择。‎ ‎10．A　根据空后的“I was receiving”可推知，作者对出租车司机提供的服务非常吃惊，不敢相信。receive the service“接受服务”。‎ ‎11．B　由空后的“You must have a __12__ to share”以及语境可推知，显而易见，作者认为出租车司机为自己的工作自豪。‎ ‎12．C　根据空后的“to share”以及语境可推知，此处表示有故事分享。‎ ‎13．D　根据语境可知，司机回应了作者的推断。‎ ‎14．A　根据空前的“I was tired of thinking”可推知，司机决定行动起来，找到生活中合适的位置而不是一味地想想。‎ ‎15．B　根据第三段第二句的“you take great pride in your work”可推知，司机想做到最好并为自己的工作自豪。‎ ‎16．D　根据语境可推知，司机想把工作做好。‎ ‎17．A　根据语境可知，他决定转行当一名司机。‎ ‎18．C　根据语境可知，上下文表示逻辑上的转折关系，故用However“然而”。‎ ‎19．D　根据文章最后一句“Go an extra mile when providing any service to others”可知，要想做到最好，就要多为客户考虑，超出客户的期望。beyond“超出”。‎ ‎20．C　根据文章开头“A taxi driver taught me a lesson in customer satisfaction and expectations”可知，此处表示司机给作者上了生动的一课。‎ 二．重点短语→识记·思考·运用 ‎1．动词＋介词/副词 ‎①move off 离开；出发 ‎②crowd in (想法、问题等) 涌上心头；涌入脑海 ‎③refer to 查阅；参考；谈到 ‎④come across (偶然) 遇见；碰见 ‎⑤carry on 继续；坚持 ‎⑥care for 照顾，照看；喜爱 ‎2．其他形式 ‎①by chance 碰巧；凑巧 ‎②lead a．.. life 过着……的生活 ‎③be intended for 打算给……用 ‎④look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起 用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空 ‎1．One of his friends had stopped to make a bicycle repair, but they had encouraged Mac to carry_on,_and they would catch up with him soon.(2017·浙江卷)‎ ‎2．When walking down the street，I came_across David，whom I hadn’t seen for years.(2016·天津卷)‎ ‎3．She has a mental toughness that did not come about by_chance.(2016·江苏卷)‎ ‎4．I’m always too busy to carry_on a conversation with her.(2016·天津卷)‎ ‎5．Seeing that we had noticed him，the little boy moved_off slowly.‎ ‎“动词＋on”必备短语一览 ‎①carry on 继续，坚持 ‎②keep on 继续前进/工作 ‎③live on 继续存在，靠……为生 ‎④go on 前进，继续 ‎⑤move on 继续前进 ‎⑥insist on 坚持 ‎⑦pass on 传递 ‎⑧get on 上车 ‎⑨hand on 传送 ‎⑩rely on 依靠，依赖 ‎⑪decide on 决定，选定 ‎⑫depend on 依靠，依赖 三．佳句选粹——在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通 背原句 学句型 练仿写 ‎1.Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.‎ 她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划 only 在句首修饰作状语的副词或介词短语时，句子要倒装。‎ 俗话说，熟能生巧。只有这样我们才能提高我们的英语口语。‎ Practice makes perfect，as the saying goes.Only_in_this_way_can_we_improve our spoken English.‎ ‎2.Once I stop，it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories.‎ 我一旦停下来，所有的一切都会涌上心头，我就会想起实验室里的黑猩猩。‎ once 引导条件状语从句，意为“一旦……就……”。‎ 一旦学会了利用失败，那么失败就能为你的生活做出积极的贡献。‎ Failure can make a positive contribution to your life once_you_learn_to_make_use_of_it.‎ ‎3.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.‎ 我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么难。‎ ‎“It hits/hit sb.＋从句”表示“某人突然想起……”。‎ 我突然想到我把护照落在厨房的桌子上了。‎ It_suddenly_hit_me_that I had left my passport on the table in the kitchen.‎ ‎4.Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.‎ 进一步的阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进了医学院的大门。‎ It is/was...that/who...强调句。‎ 巴赫死于1750年，但直到19世纪初他的音乐才能才被完全认可。‎ Bach died in 1750，but it_was_not_until_the_early_19th_century_that his musical gift was fully recognized.‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ Dear Lisa，‎ I'm glad to receive your letter asked about the present holiday life of Chinese students. Learning together with entertainment still take up most of our time.Besides，we often help our parents with the housework or farm work，that makes us realize how hard we work every day and develop a great love for work.Meanwhile，we take active part in social activities，such as voluntary work. We went out to the streets to collect rubbishes or to the hospitals to cheer up the sick children.We try our best to help those who are in need or make our hometown a lot of more beautiful. We find greatly pleasure in these activities.‎ Yours，‎ Li Ming ‎【答案】　‎ Dear Lisa，‎ I'm glad to receive your letter about the present holiday life of Chinese students. Learning together with entertainment still up most of our time.Besides，we often help our parents with the housework or farm work， makes us realize how hard work every day and develop a great love for work.Meanwhile，we take active part in social activities，such as voluntary work. We out to the streets to collect or to the hospitals to cheer up the sick children.We try our best to help those who are in need make our hometown a lot more beautiful. We find pleasure in these activities.‎ Yours，‎ Li Ming 第一处：asked→asking。考查非谓语动词。我很高兴收到你询问中国学生目前的假日生活的来信。ask和其逻辑主语letter之间是主动关系，故应用现在分词作定语。‎ 第二处：take→takes。考查主谓一致。学习和娱乐仍然占据了我们大部分的时间。此处是together with连接的名词在句中作主语，谓语动词应与句子原来的主语Learning保持一致，即应用第三人称单数，故改为takes。‎ 第三处：that→which。考查定语从句。此外，我们经常帮助我们的父母做家务或者干农活，这使我们意识到他们每天工作得多努力。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导非限制性定语从句，‎ 指代前面的整个句子，故用which。注意：that不能引导非限制性定语从句。‎ 第四处：we→they。考查代词。根据语境可知，此处指代的是上文中的“our parents”，故应用they。‎ 第五处：在active前加an。考查冠词。同时，我们积极参加社会活动，比如志愿工作。take an active part in为习惯用法，表示“积极参加……”。‎ 第六处：went→go。考查时态。我们去街上收集垃圾或者去医院安慰生病的孩子们。全文的基本时态是一般现在时，故此处应用一般现在时。‎ 第七处：rubbishes→rubbish。考查名词。rubbish表示“垃圾”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故改为rubbish。‎ 第八处：or→and。考查连词。由语境可知，此处表示并列的顺承关系，故用and表示“和，与”。or表示选择关系，意为“或，或者”。‎ 第九处：去掉of。考查固定搭配。此处指使我们的家乡变得更加美丽。根据句中的“more”可知，此处修饰比较级，故应用a lot。a lot of表示“许多”，修饰名词。‎ 第十处：greatly→great。考查副词。在这些活动中，我们发现了极大的乐趣。此处修饰名词pleasure，故应用形容词。‎