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近五年高考英语语法填空词性转换总结,你离学霸就差这篇,快收藏
英语周报 2019-10-09 11:41:37
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词性转换一直以来都是高考英语语法填空的必考点。这一考点涉及到构词法,尤其是词的派生。
今天小编将近五年高考题中语法填空题涉及的词性转换题整理出来,再对高考的词性转换进行分类总结,最后就派生词的前缀和后缀进行分类讲解,希望可以为同学们解答这一类题型助力。
一、近五年高考语法填空词性转换总结
▲ 2019 年
2019 全国 I 卷
It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied.
In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing.
2019 全国 II 卷
Her years of hard work have ___63___ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
We are so proud of her. It's ___70___(wonder).
2019 全国 III 卷
When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___ (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ___67___ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were ___68___ (huge) popular with tourists.
2019 浙江
When the children are walking or cycling to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ___60___ (easy) see them.
Other American studies showed no ___64___ (connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
2019 北京
Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it's never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___10___ (meaning) college experience.
▲ 2018 年
2018 全国 I 卷
To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to ___68___ (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always ___69___ (energy).
2018 全国 II 卷
A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe) fertilizer consumption.
2018 全国 III 卷
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
2018 浙江卷
The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ___62___ (afford) but doing this most days adds up.
Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ___64___ (weigh) problems.
▲ 2017 年
2017 全国 I 卷
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be ___69___ (care) not to go to extremes.
2017 全国 II 卷
Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ___66___ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
This development was only possible with the ___69___ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most ___70___ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.
2017 全国 III 卷
She is determined to carry on with her ___66___ (educate).
I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is ___70___ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.
2017 浙江卷
But something made her look closer, and she noticed a ___57___ (shine) object.
▲ 2016 年
2016 全国 I 卷
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ___61___ (attract).
The title will be ___63___ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.
2016 全国 II 卷
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of greater and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ___42___ (achieve).
Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ___47___ (regular).
2016 全国 III 卷
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ___46___ (gradual) turned into chopsticks. Some
people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C. influenced the ___48___ (develop) of chopsticks.
▲ 2015 年
2015 全国 I 卷
Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it ___69___ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
2015 全国 II 卷
In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ___63___ (able) to "air condition" a house without using electric equipment.
Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ___65___(slow) during cool nights.
As ___69___ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
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二、近五年考点分类总结
三、常见前缀后缀盘点
前缀一般改变词义而不改变词性;后缀一般改变词性而不改变词义。
01 后缀
副词后缀
副词后缀 -ly:absolutely, completely, exactly, extremely, frequently, obviously, particularly, similarly, suddenly
形容词后缀
-able / -ible:reasonable, flexible, reliable, valuable, accessible, considerable
-ive:effective, sensitive, attractive, impressive
-al / -ial:practical, beneficial, financial, facial, mental, personal
-ate:considerate, fortunate
-ful:powerful, successful, wonderful, fearful, respectful, skillful, thoughtful, shameful
-ly:likely, lively, lonely, deadly, elderly, hourly, yearly, daily
-ent:confident, convenient, independent, different, violent
-less:countless, homeless, useless, breathless, effortless, selfless
-y:guilty, healthy, hungry, sleepy, tasty, thirsty, wealthy, worthy, dusty
-ic:energetic, scientific, fantastic
-ary / -ory:contradictory, documentary, imaginary
-ous:obvious, various, adventurous, ambitious, courageous, disastrous, mountainous
名词后缀
-ity / -ty / -y:curiosity, responsibility, safety, security, similarity, necessity
-ance / -ence:appearance, performance, acceptance, confidence, preference, significance
-sion / -tion:contribution, decision, impression, admission, concentration, discussion, donation
-th:strength, depth, growth, length, warmth, width
-ment:achievement, treatment, amusement, arrangement, excitement, improvement
-ure / -ture / -ature:failure, pressure, exposure, mixture, signature
-ing:building, suffering, understanding, warning
-al:approval, arrival, survival
-cy:accuracy, fluency, frequency, privacy
-ness:awareness, coldness, weakness
动词后缀
-ate:concentrate, accelerate, advocate, regulate
-(e)n:broaden, fasten, frighten, sharpen, strengthen, darken, deepen, harden, lengthen
-(i)fy:satisfy, clarify, classify, identify, qualify, simplify, terrify
-ize / -ise:apologize, organize, realize, recognize
名词后缀(人)
-ar / -er / -or:conductor, director, engineer, beggar, employer, instructor, interviewer, lawyer, liar
-ist:artist, novelist, specialist, tourist, pianist, scientist, violinist
-ant :accountant, assistant, servant
02 前缀
anti- 反对,对抗;相反;防(止):anti-aging, anti-anxiety, anti-virus, antifreeze
dis- 不,否定,相反:disadvantage, discourage, dishonest, dislike, disorder
il- / im- / in- / ir- 不,非,无:illegal, impatient, impossible, inexpensive, immoral, inconvenient, irregular
mis- 错误的;坏的;不,相反:misfortune, misunderstand, mislead, mistrust
non- 无,不,非:nonprofit, nonsense, nonsmoking, nonstop, non-recycling
un- 不;表示相反的动作:unable, unexpected, unfortunate, unusual, unfair, unforgettable, unnecessary
co- 和……一起,共同:cooperate, co-discover, co-renter, co-worker
en- 使处于……状态,使具有……特性;围住:enable, encourage, enjoy, endanger, enlarge, enrich, ensure
extra- 在……之外,超出;非常,格外:extraordinary, extra-large, extra-strong
inter- 在……之间,相互:interrupt, interview, interaction, international, Internet, interval
micro- 极小的,微小的:microbiology, microphone, microscope, microwave
mini- (同类中) 特小的,微型的:minibus, minicomputer, miniskirt
multi- 多于一的,多的: multimedia, multinational, multitask
pre- 在……之前,预先:predict, prejudice, prepaid, preview
re- 再,重新:remind, remove, replace, return, review, react, reaction
tele- 远 (距离) 的;电视的;使用电话的:telephone, telescope, television, telesales
trans- 横穿,横贯;表示变化:transform, translate, transport, transportation, transplant
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