份高考英语真题分类汇编专题七选五 13页

历年高考试题分项解析之专题七选五 ‎1【2016·全国新课标I】‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。 ‎ Secret codes (密码)keep messages private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.‎ ‎ People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 71 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.‎ ‎ There are three main types of cryptography. 72 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”‎ ‎73 You might represent each letter with a number, For example, Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.”‎ ‎ A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 74 For example “bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.”75 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.‎ A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book. B .In any language, some letters are used more than others. C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message. D.As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. F.With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. G.Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. ‎ ‎2【2016·全国新课标II】‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ A garden that’s just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 71 . But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.‎ ‎●___72 ‎ Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 73 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.‎ ‎●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories ‎ Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 74 --how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 75 then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.‎ A. Know why you garden B. Find a good place for your own garden C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have ‎ ‎3【2016·全国新课标III】‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Everyone knows that fish is good for health. 71 But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult. 72 This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.‎ ‎ 73 Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 74 When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.‎ ‎ There are many common methods used to cook fish.   75   First, lean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料). Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound. (A larger one will take more time.) Then, it’s ready to serve.‎ A. Do not buy it. B. The easiest is to steam it. C. This is how you can do it. D. It just requires a little knowledge. E. The fish will go bad within hours. F. When buying fish, you should first smell it. G. The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.‎ ‎4【2016·北京】‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ The Science of Risk-Seeking Sometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.‎ The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 72 As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.‎ So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 73 ‎ No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 74 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.‎ Mean taking some risks, so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well.‎ ‎ 75 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.‎ As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.‎ A. It all depends on your character.‎ B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.‎ C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.‎ D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.‎ E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.‎ F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.‎ G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.‎ ‎5【2016·四川】‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Both men and women are living longer these days in industrialized countries. 71 In general, they can expect to live six or seven years more than men. One reason for this is biological.‎ One important biological factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women. 72 Between the ages of about 12 and 50, women produce hormones that are involved in fertility(生育能力). These hormones also have a positive effect on the heart and blood flow. In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks.‎ ‎73   They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally ger sick less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men.74    Scientists are still not exactly sure how influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a woman’s body cells have a tendency(向) to age more slowly than a man’s. Others think that a man’s body cells have a tendency to age more quickly. 75   A．However, women, on average, live longer. B .The biological factor plays an important part. C. Women are also helped by their female genes. D. The female hormones also protect the body in another way. E. Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities. F. Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life. G. Hormones are chemicals which are produced by the body to control carious body functions.‎ ‎6（2015年陕西）‎ 第二节 情景对话（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）‎ 根据对话情境和内容，从对话后所给的选项中选出能填入每一空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有两个为多余选项。‎ Doctor: Good morning, Sir. 71 ‎ Johnson: Yes, doctor. I'm always tired but when I go to bed I can't sleep.‎ Doctor: 72 ‎ Johnson: Since I started my new job two months ago.‎ Doctor: What is your job ?‎ Johnson: I’m in advertising. 73 ‎ Doctor: It depends. How many hours do you work? ‎ Johnson: About 80 hours a week Doctor: 74 . Do you often take exercise?‎ Johnson: Not very often. 75 .‎ Doctor: Well, you do need to find some time. Try to work less, or look for a more stress-free job.‎ A. That's a lot!‎ B. I like my job.‎ C. Does it matter?‎ D. How can I help you?‎ E. I don't have the time.‎ F. What time do you usually go to bed?‎ G.. How long have you had this problem?‎ ‎7（2015年全国新课标I）‎ 第二节 （共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）‎ ‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Building Trust in a Relationship Again ‎ Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences, 71 . That is a risk. But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.‎ ‎ Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal. Whether we’ve been suffer from, lied to , misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can’t trust anymore, 72 . It’s understandable, but if you’re willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.‎ l ‎ 73 having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.‎ l ‎ 74 If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, we’ll have our trust tested or violated.‎ l You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation ‎ from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. ____75____ instead, it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.‎ A. Learn to really trust yourself.‎ B. It is putting confidence in someone.‎ C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.‎ D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.‎ E. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.‎ F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.‎ G. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.‎ ‎8（2015年全国新课标II）‎ 第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）‎ ‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎ Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. 71 , buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 72 . As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.‎ ‎ During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. ___73___, it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 74 . After two weeks, start timing yourself. 75 . Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.‎ ‎ A. After six days ‎ B. For a good marathon runner ‎ C. Before you begin your training ‎ D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile ‎ E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them ‎ F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training ‎ G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time ‎9（2015北京）‎ 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分。共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ This Way to Dreamland ‎ Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of ‎ what’s happening around them. They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 71 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things.‎ ‎ But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 72 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?‎ ‎ So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?‎ ‎ First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 73 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings.‎ ‎ It’s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. ___74___‎ ‎ Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 75 ‎ ‎ Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.‎ ‎ A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.‎ ‎ B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves.‎ ‎ C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’t have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes.‎ ‎ D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses.‎ ‎ E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.‎ ‎ F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.‎ ‎ G. Therefore, it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone.‎ ‎10（2014年全国课标I）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 71 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.‎ ‎1. Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious. 72 Ask kids, “What ingredients (配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?‎ ‎2. Creativity True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. 73 There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to ‎ create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity.‎ ‎3. Personal skills Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what’s going on inside our own head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kid from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 74 “Why do you think she’s crying?” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?”‎ ‎4. Self Expression ‎ 75 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas ---- music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.‎ A. Encourage kids to cook with you.‎ B. And we can’t forget science education.‎ C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.‎ D. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories. ‎ E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.‎ F. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?‎ G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.‎ ‎11（2014年全国课标II）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ ‎ Tips for cooking on a Tight Schedule From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often: ability, money and time, ____71__Money is a topic I’ll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:‎ 1. Think ahead. The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there is nothing ready to eat. So think about of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials ready?_____72___‎ 2. Make your time worth it. When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? ___73___ it takes around the same amount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.‎ 3. ‎____74___ This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.‎ Hopefully that gives you a good start. ____75___ and don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!‎ A. Try new things. ‎ B. Ability is easily improved.‎ C. Make three or four instead.‎ D. Understand your food better.‎ E. Cooking is a burden for many people.‎ F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.‎ G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.‎ ‎12(2014北京)‎ 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分。共 10 分）‎ ‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Evaluating Sources (来源) of health Information ‎ Making good choices about your own health requairs reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to fins relevant information, how to separate fact from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 71 ‎ Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. 73 ‎ Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behaviour “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. 73 Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.‎ Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements. 74 Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术).‎ ‎ 75 Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.‎ Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.‎ A. Make choice that are right for you. ‎ B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.‎ C. Be sure to work through the critical questions. ‎ D. And examine the findings of the original research.‎ E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.‎ F. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s point of view.‎ G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.‎ ‎13(2013年全国课标I)‎ 第二节 （共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit（利润）— that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 71 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 72 ‎ Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 73 One is the establishment（制定） of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. ‎ ‎ 74 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision（监管）and guidance by the management in authority. 75 ‎ A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.‎ B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.‎ C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and may hospitals.‎ D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.‎ E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.‎ F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.‎ G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.‎ ‎14(2013年全国课标II)‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ 根据根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能坡入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多于选项。‎ Public Speaking Training ‎·Get a coach ‎ 71 , so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you.‎ ‎·Focus on positives ‎ Any training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren't doing well.‎ ‎ 72 , so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn't do.‎ ‎ 73 ‎ If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about. 74 . As far as we're concerned, ‎ there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends.‎ You are a special person not a clone Most importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits. 75 . Your training course should help you bring out your personality, not try to turn you into someone you're not.‎ A. You aren't like anybody else B. You already do lots of things well C. Turn your back on too many rules D. Check the rules about dos and don'ts E. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough F .The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep G. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse ‎15(2013年北京)‎ 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分。共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Urbanization Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. 71_ . In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (乡村的) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history— a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.‎ Britain‎ was only the beginning. 72_ .The process of urbanization— the migration (迁移) of people from the countryside to the city— was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.‎ In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. 73 .‎ Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies. It took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. _74 . Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural ‎ population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.‎ Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. 75_ . Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.‎ A. That kept cities very small. ‎ B. The rest live in small towns.‎ C. The effects of urban living on people should be considered. ‎ D. Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.‎ E. But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities.‎ F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.‎ G. Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.‎ ‎16（2013辽宁）‎ 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ ‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Forgiveness To forgive is a virtue, but no one has ever said it is easy. When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your hate. However, forgiveness is possible, and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health. People who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research.‎ ‎________71_______ Try the following steps:‎ Calm yourself. ________72_______ You can take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love.‎ Don’t wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don’t see things the same way. ________73_______ Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.‎ Take the control away from your offender(冒犯者). Rethinking about you hurt gives power to the person who causes you pain. Instead of focusing on your mounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you.‎ ‎________74_______ If you understand your offender, you may realize that he or she was acting out of unawareness, fear, and even love. You may want to write a letter to yourself from your ‎ offender’s point of view.‎ Don’t forget to forgive yourself. ________75_______ But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don’t do it.‎ A. Why should you forgive? ‎ B. How should you start to forgive?‎ C. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.‎ D. Try to see things from you offender’s angle.‎ E. For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge.‎ F. To make your anger die away, try a simple stress-management technique.‎ G. If you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.‎