长宁区高考英语一模 10页

长宁区2018学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷 高三英语 ‎（满分140分，完卷时间120分钟） 2018.12‎ 考生注意：‎ ‎1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。‎ ‎2．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写考试号和姓名。‎ ‎3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。‎ I. Listening Comprehension ‎ II. Grammar and Vocabulary ‎ Section A ‎ Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use on word that best fits each blank.‎ Planting Patriotism ‎ ‎ ‎ Young boys aren’t easily shocked, but 12-year-old Preston Sharp sure knows the feeling. ‎ ‎ “Yeah, I was surprised and even disappointed,” Preston said. Preston’s mom, April Sharp, said: “it is the first time I (21)__________(see) him like this angry and passionate.”‎ ‎ What upset her son so much was visiting his grandpa’s grave in Redding, California, and realizing that not every veteran(老兵) in the cemetery had a flag. So April told him, “Son, (22)________you’re going to complain about something , you have to do something about it or let it go.”‎ ‎ Next things April knew, Preston was talking on odd jobs and asking for donations (23)________(buy) flag and flowers for every veteran in his grandpa’s cemetery. And when that cemetery (24) _________(cover), he moved on to another , and then another.‎ ‎ Here we are, nearly three years and about 65,000 graves later. He does it every week (25)________the weather is like, rain or shine ----especially rain. “They were out there in the rain doing their job, (26) _________(protect) us,” Preston said. His devotion is infectious.‎ ‎ When word gets out (27)____________ Preston will be at a cemetery----he has a Facebook page, Preston Sharp/ Vet flags and Flowers---people, like Vietnam veteran Fred Loveland, feel (28)________(oblige) to join in. “It’s amazing,” Loveland said. “What he’s doing brings (29)________out because we can’t believe we can’t believe a young in this country is doing what he does.” It is a movement of young and old, of those who served and those who are so grateful for what they did, all led by a proud grandson (30)________ saw an injustice and decided to do something about it.‎ Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.‎ ‎ Note that there is one word more than you need.‎ ‎ A. astonishing B. bordered C. blackouts D. consequences E. constant ‎ ‎ F. estimated G. exploded H. fascinated I. process J. stretched K. upsetting Aurora (极光): wonders or disturbances ‎ Canada, February 2017: I stood in the snow on a frozen lake, watching as the sky twisted in front of me. Green bands of light______31_____ out in the darkness. Slowly the colors twisted and broke and reappeared elsewhere until, suddenly, a whole band flowed and pulsed across the sky,____32_____ with delicate yellow, pinks and purples. It was as dramatic as thunderstorm, yet calm. Gentle, yet _____33_____. Most of all, it was a gift.‎ ‎ This was my fifth aurora trip and the first time I had seen fast movement and bright colours. The calm, green auroral displays that many people see are driven by a(n)_____34____stream of particles(微粒) from the sun, called the solar wind. But when the sun throws us extra hot, fat particles, this process goes into overdrive—we get much more movement and colour. It is glorious! Aurora-spotters long for it.‎ ‎ But for some, the wild movements of the heavens can have serious _____35___. Satellites’ electronics are affected or damaged by incoming fast particles, ____36____ industries that rely on them. Flights may need to change course to avoid radio___37____ around the poles, or to protect aircrew from enhanced radiation exposure. During a solar storm, aircrew may receive their annual radiation limit over a single flight. ‎ ‎ Stormy space weather affects us on the ground, too. A large solar storm in 1989 caused a 10-hour electrical blackout over Canada’s Quebec Province, costing the economy a(n)___38____C$10 billion. Disturbance of the atmosphere causes problems with radio broadcast and GPS. In September 2017, a huge solar flame ____39____ just as Hurricane Iran hit the Caribbean. The resultant HF radio blackout help up the emergency response. Meanwhile, beautiful aurora displays were seen in England. Place its beauty aside, then, and the auroral _____40______ is nothing other than a giant planetary disturbance, more of a worry than a wonder for some people. Yet seldom do such disturbances have such fascinating side effects as that of the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies.‎ III. Reading Comprehension Section A (15分)‎ Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ Marmoset monkeys exist on a branch of the evolutionary three that is distinct from the one that led to humans. But they constantly astonish researchers with __41__ behavior that seems pretty highly evolved. Their social organization and __42__ practices could have been the model for the phrase “It takes a village.” A dominant male and female breed, and their babies are carefully looked after by extended family members who then aren’t free to breed themselves.‎ ‎ A new study further __43__ the marmoset’s reputation for admirable community values. Researchers report that these caregivers share their food more generously with little ones __44__ than when they’re ‎ surrounded by the watchful eyes of other community members. In complex societies where individuals band together for __45__ protection, researchers have come up with a few widely accepted explanations for selfless behavior. But specific acts, like sharing a delicious cricket（蟋蟀）with a begging baby marmoset, seem to need more __46__ explanation.‎ ‎ One possibility is that an individual practices __47__ as a means of enhancing his status among peers. By __48__ that he is so well gifted with material goods that he can give some away, this do-gooder enhances his power within the group. That, in turn, may __49__ prospective mates. The other explanation for charitable behavior __50__ that kindnesses extended to others are simply the fees of group membership, which offers some future promise of a chance to mate. Failure to share would result in exclusion from the group and a loss of __51__ partners. Scientists call this the “pay to stay” model. Importantly, for both of these models to work, acts of kindness must have a(n) __52__. That suggests you would see more sharing in group settings; away from judging eyes, a caregiver might be more likely to keep food for himself or herself. And yet, in 2,581 tests conducted with 31 adult and 14 baby marmosets, the __53__ appeared to be true.‎ ‎ Anthropologists（人类学家）from the University of Zurich carefully documented how often ,in groups and in conditions that found caregiver and baby separated from the crowd, an adult would share his or her cricket. When alone with a baby begging for a taste, adult marmosets shared their cricket 85% of the time. When in a group, caregivers offered up their cricket 67% of the time. "Our results show that helping in common marmosets is not driven by reputation management or 54 avoidance," the study author reported. "Rather, it is driven by a deep-down motivation to help that is more 55 expressed when individuals are alone with young.”‎ ‎41. A. animal B. careful C. social D. individual ‎42. A. evolving B. communicating C. organizing D. parenting ‎43. A. shines B. damages C. affects D. protects ‎44. A. at play B. in private C. on schedule D. by accident ‎45. A. adequate B. effective C. continual D. mutual ‎46. A. creative B. complex C. specific D. official ‎47. A. generosity B. wisdom C. independence D. governance ‎48. A. promising B. demonstrating C. pretending D. explaining ‎49. A. count on B. go after C. appeal to D. benefit from ‎50. A. assumes B. confirms C. enhances D. concludes ‎51. A. regular B. dominant C. potential D. previous ‎52. A. atmosphere B. audience C. feedback D. judge ‎53. A. statistics B. expectations C. argument D. opposite ‎54. A. responsibility B. punishment C. arrangement D. difficulty ‎55. A. strongly B. casually C. delicately D. fearlessly Section B (22分)‎ Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that ‎ fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.‎ ‎(A)‎ What to endure before publication?‎ ‎ It takes a lot to write a novel. Even those who haven’t tried would say, “well, duh!” to this. But it’s not so much the mind space or the considerable time it takes to write a novel that is as discouraging as how many times any writer must go back to the drawing board for yet another draft. To really ready a novel for publication, a writer must spend time with his or her book. Like any promising relationship, you, the writer, must date your novel, take it out to dinner, meet its parents, and see it through its most trying and desperate times. As a writer, you have to stay up all night with your novel and talking and sometimes even pulling your hair out before that perfect moment of inspiration can truly help you cross the finish line.‎ ‎ For many published authors I know, myself included, a completed novel takes them about 10 , that’s right, 10 drafts, and at least a year of real editing. Will you be spending every single second editing your novel? No, of course not. Just as drafts need some real time on the surgery table, they also need rest in the recovery room. You don’t nurse a relationship by spending every waking second with them until you can’t stand the sight of each other, and you can’t produce a novel by breathing down its literary neck. However, a novel should undergo many drafts----different kinds of drafts---before declaring it ready for an agent or editor to see.‎ ‎ Everyone has their own way to write a novel, and not all craft advice( or even craft “rules”) should all be followed by everyone, but when it comes to the many drafts of a novel, there are specific things a writer should focus on during each revision to help create a smooth transition from the initial idea to final products.‎ ‎56. People are discouraged from writing a novel mainly because it requires ________.‎ A. a good publisher B. too much thinking ‎ C. tons of working time D. frequent revisions ‎57. What do writers do in the course of creating a novel?‎ A. They spend every minute with the novel B. They treat the novel as a lover C. They go out with some readers for dinner D. They hurt themselves to stay awake ‎58. By “breathing down its literary neck” in Paragraph 2, the author most probably means _______.‎ A. writing casually thus failing to take readers’ breath away B. letting go a single mistake thus annoying the readers.‎ C. X-raying the work thus finding each literary mistake D. sticking too close to the work thus causing anxiety.‎ ‎59. Which of the following is most likely to come after the last paragraph?‎ A. The importance of using transition words in writing B. The writing experience shared by famous successful writers C. Tips on how to make ten drafts to complete a good novel.‎ D. Setbacks writers may suffer if ignoring the craft advice.‎ ‎( B )‎ Top Six Most Challenged Books In 2007‎ ‎ Office for Intellectual Freedom(OIF) in the States tracked 354 challenges ( formal attempts to remove or restrict access to library materials and services) to library , school, and university materials and services in 2017. Some individual challenges resulted in requests to restrict or remove multiple titles. Overall, 416 books were targeted. Here are the “Top Six Most Challenged Books in 2017”:‎ ‎1 ‎ ‎ Thirteen Reasons Why By Jay Asher ‎ Originally published in 2007, this New York Times bestseller has resurfaced as a debatable book after Netflix aired a TV series by the same name. This young adult novel was challenged and banned in multiple school districts, for it discusses self-killing.‎ ‎4‎ George By Alex Gino ‎ Written for elementary-age children, this Lambda Literary Award winner was challenged and banned because it includes a transgender child.‎ ‎2‎ Drama Written and illustrated by Raina Telgemeter ‎ This Stonewall Honor Award-winning, 2012 graphic novel from a much-admired cartoonist was challenged and banned in school libraries because it includes confused sexual orientation characters and was considered “confusing.” ‎ ‎5‎ To Kill a Mockingbird ‎ By Harper Lee ‎ This Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, considered an American classic, was challenged and banned because of violence and its use of the N-word to insult black people.‎ ‎3‎ The Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini ‎ This multigenerational novel praised by many critics was challenged and banned because it included sexual violence and was thought to “lead to terrorism “and “ promote Islam”.‎ ‎6‎ The Hate U Give ‎ By Angie Thomas ‎ Despite winning multiple awards and being the most searched-for book on Goodreads during its debut(首秀) year, this young adult novel was challenged and banned in school libraries and curricular because of drug use and offensive language.‎ ‎60. These six most challenged books are all________.‎ A. prize winners or well received by the public B. written for curious young adults in schools C. banned and challenged in nationwide libraries D. involved with violence and aggressive language ‎ ‎61. Which of the following would be removed from school libraries to avoid misleading kids into racialism?‎ A. The Hate U Give B. To Kill A Mockingbird C. The Kite Runner D. Thirteen Reasons Why ‎62. It can be concluded from the passage that in the States________.‎ A. OIF is responsible for the challenges reported from local schools and universities.‎ B. the government is challenged by intellectual freedom in public materials and services C. issues like mental illness, drug use and sex education really concern the government D. best sellers and prize winners are often questioned and rejected by the public ‎( C )‎ ‎ The term ‘dark tourism’ is far never than the practice, which long predates Pompeii’s emergence as a dark attraction. Dr. Philip Stone, perhaps the world’s leading academic expert on dark tourism, considers the Roman Colosseum to be one of the first dark tourist sites, where people travelled long distances to watch death as sport. Later, until the late 18th century, the appeal was crueler still in central London, where people paid money to sit in grandstands to watch mass hangings. Dealers would sell pies at the site, which was roughly where Marble Arch stands today.‎ ‎ It was only in 1996 that ‘dark tourism’ entered the scholarly vocabulary when two academics in Glasgow applied it while looking at sites associated with the murder of John F. Kennedy. Those who study dark tourism identify plenty of reasons for growing phenomenon, including with the arrival of cheap air travel. It’s hard to imagine that the Auschwitz-Birkenau memorial and museum would now welcome ‎ more than two million visitors a year were it not for its nearness to Krakow’s international airport. Peter Hohenhaus, a widely travelled dark tourist based in Vienna, also points to the broader rise in off-the-beaten track tourism, beyond the territory of popular guidebooks and TripAdvisor rankings. “A lot of people don’t want mainstream tourism and that often means engaging with places that have a more recent history than, say, a Roman ruin,” he says. “You go to Sarajevo and most people remember the war being in the news so it feels closer to one’s own biography(传记).”‎ ‎ Hohenhaus is also a fan of ‘beauty in decay’, the contemporary cultural movement in which urban ruins have become subject matter for expensive coffee-table books and a thousand Instagram(照片墙) accounts. The crossover with death is clear. “I’ve always been drawn to ruined things,” the 54-year-old says. But while, like any tourism, dark tourism at its best is educational , the example of Grenfell Tower(a London tower block, destroyed by a fire in 2017 with 71 deaths) hints at the unease felt at some sites. “I remember the Lonely Planet Bluelist book had a chapter about dark tourism a while ag and one of the rules was ‘don’t go back to early’,” Hohenhaus says. “I’ll be interested to see Grenfell Tower up close. I can see the attraction. But I would not stand in the street taking a selfie(自拍) merrily.”‎ ‎63. ‘Dark tourism’ can be defined as tourism involving travel to places________.‎ A. hardly having access to in ancient times ‎ B. with a history even before human civilization C. historically related to death and tragedy D. in Europe famous for cruel but exciting sports ‎64. Dark tourism came into sight when ________.‎ A. scholars finally revealed secrets about some historical events B. people were no more satisfied with ordinary tourist destinations C. road transportation was able to take people around the world D. researchers realized the significance of sustainable tourism ‎65. What is implied in Hohenhaus’ words in the last paragraph?‎ A. People fail to get lessons from disasters causing terrible loss.‎ B. The media are publicizing the modern city ruins improperly C. Visitors are free to take selfies with the “beauty of decay’.‎ D. Some tourists show a lack of respect for dark tourist sites.‎ ‎66. Which of the following best serves as the title of this passage?‎ A. Morality mirrored in tourism B. Tourism boomed with tragedies ‎ C. Ranking of dark tourism sites D. Proper attitudes to dark tourism Section C ‎ ‎ A. In other words, because we paid off and closed a line of credit, our scores took a hit.‎ B. It is always more important to know how much you are able to earn than to borrow.‎ C. All it tells you is whether you are good at borrowing money and paying it back.‎ D. Believe it or not, these standards allow you to be punished for becoming debt-free!‎ E. These are the reasons why I have stopped worrying about my credit score.‎ F. While all of that is true, it doesn’t tell the whole story.‎ Why I stopped worrying about my credit score?‎ ‎ If you believed everything you read about your credit score, you’d think it was the most important component of your financial health. Without a good credit score and history, the experts say, it’s more difficulty to quality for a mortgage(按揭)or a car loan---and more expensive if you’re approved for a loan, too, because you won’t get the best interest rates. In many states, bad credit can even raise your insurance payments, cost you a rental apartment, or make it harder to get hired.______67_____.‎ ‎ First off, there are several credit scores out there. While it’s important to cultivate your credit scores by using credit responsibly, your FICO credit score may not be the same as what VantageScaore reports, and lenders may use a different one entirely, so focusing one score can be a fruitless exercise. More important, as financial reporter Dave Ramsey notes on his blog, your credit score is not a measure of your overall financial health. He writes: “_____68____”.‎ ‎ FICO, the most popular credit-scoring agency, uses several weighted factors to determine your credit score, including payment history(35 percent), amounts owed( 30 percent), length of credit history (15 percent), new credit(10 percent), and credit mix(10 percent).______69____My husbands and I enjoyed steady credit scores above 820 for a while. But when we paid off one of our rental properties in 2017, we both saw our credit scores fall by 20 or more points. The sudden drop took place because we completed a 15-year loan and reduced the average length of our credit history tremendously. _____70____That’s blackmail. I would rather be debt-free than have a perfect credit score.‎ ‎ You credit score is certainly important when you’re starting out and likely to borrow money for a down payment(首付) on a home or some other big purchase. But once you’re fairly established financially, it’s much easier to see it for what it really is: a measure of how well you borrow money.‎ IV. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.‎ Take care of your spine (脊柱)‎ The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains your spinal cord, a massive collection of nerves conveying electric signals from the rest of your body to your brain. Since your spine is so central to health, it's important to look after it.‎ Maintain good posture (姿势)is one of the most important things you can do to keep you spine healthy. Proper posture means standing or sitting while keeping your spine straight, except for its natural curves. Posture comes into play even when you're asleep. Sleeping on you side puts less stress on your spine than most other positions. Staying still for too long----even if your posture is good---can be hard on your back. Especially if you look at a desk most of the day, it's important to get up and stretch periodically.‎ Exercise is also an important factor in the health of your spine. Stretches can help the muscles around your spine relax and allow bones to shift into better arrangement. Strength exercises like pushups can also help by strengthening the muscles around your spine. However, don't overdo the exercise, as repeated ‎ motions can strain the muscles around your spine.‎ Finally, your diet affects the health of your spine because many vitamins are necessary for bones and nerves. In particular, B vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids keep nerves healthy, so you may want to consider taking a supplement. Another important factor is vitamin D, which is essential for strong bones. Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it's also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some of those back exercises outside.‎ Many of the actions necessary to keep your spine healthy are identical to those need to preserve your health in other ways. So protect our back, and the rest of body will benefit.‎ V. Translation（15分）‎ Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.‎ ‎72. 任何人都不可能轻而易举获得成功。(case)‎ ‎73. 遇到紧急情况一定要冷静，否则可能会造成严重后果。(or)‎ ‎74. 我们只有学会尊重人际间的差异，才能避免误会，与他人建立和谐的关系。（Only）‎ ‎75. 令教练欣慰的是，整个辩论队齐心协力，客服了遇到的各种困难，最终所有的努力都得到了回报。（reward v.）‎ VI. Guided Writing（25分）‎ Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.‎ 假设你是明启中学的高三学生王蕾。学校正在招募话剧团（ drama club）和机器人社团（ robot club）新成员。你在日记中表达获知该消息时的感受，做出选择，并阐述理由。‎ ‎2018学年第一学期高三英语教学质量检测卷 参考答案 I. Listening Comprehension ‎ ‎1-5 CDBAB 6-10 BCAAD 11-15 CDC 14-16 DDC 17-20 AABB ‎ II. Grammar and Vocabulary ‎ ‎21. have seen 22. if/ when/ whenever 23. to buy 24. was covered/ had been covered ‎ ‎25. whatever 26. protecting 27. that 28. obliged 29. us 30. who/that ‎ ‎31-35 JBAED 36-40 KCFGI III. Reading Comprehension ‎ ‎41-45 CDABD 46-50 CABCA 51-55 CBDBA ‎ ‎56-59 DBDC 60-62 ABC 63-66 CBDB 67-70 FCDA ‎ IV. Summary writing ‎ ‎ How can you look after your spine to enjoy good health? First, avoid poor posture and long-time motionlessness whether you’re standing, sitting or lying. Second, do some stretching and strengthening exercise but avoid overtraining. Finally, keep a diet rich in vitamins supplemented with some extra ones if necessary and outdoor back exercises.( 52)‎ V. Translation ‎ ‎72. It is impossible for anyone to achieve success with ease. / Nobody can achieve success with ease.‎ ‎73. Keep calm in an emergency, or it can bring about/ cause serious consequences.‎ ‎74. Only by learning to respect international differences can we avoid misunderstanding and build harmonious relationships with others.‎ ‎75. To the coach’s relief, all the debate team members have worked together with one will to overcome various difficulties they met with/ encountered/ came across, and all their efforts have finally been rewarded.‎ VI. Guided Writing ‎ 略。 ‎