名师解读高考英语15大语法考纲要点　精品整理 33页

名师解读高考英语15大语法考纲要点　精品整理 一、情景对话 ‎1: 回答 thank you 共5条：‎ ‎ —Thank you for helping.‎ ‎ — (It's) my (a) pleasure / That's all right(OK) / Not at all / You are welcome / Don't mention it.‎ 注意： It's my pleasure=It's a pleasure= my pleasure=a pleasure 译为：不用谢。‎ 特大重点：with pleasure别人请求你的帮助时，回答表示“很乐意效劳”‎ 如1.--- Could you be so kind as to close the window?‎ ‎----_______. A. Me, too. B.Yes, please. C. With pleasure. D. Go ahead ‎2.--- Would you do me a favor and give me the box?‎ ‎---:.‎ A. Please don’t say so B. With pleasure C. No problem D. Yes, that’s right ‎2:回答I'm sorry 共5条：‎ ‎ —I'm terribly sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.‎ ‎ —Forget it /. Not at all / That's all right/It doesn't matter / Never mind. ‎ ‎3: 回答Do / Would you mind........?‎ ‎1—Do you mind if I open the door?‎ ‎— No, of couse not / Certainly not / not at all /No, go ahead = if you like ‎2）. ––Do you mind me using your electronic dictionary?‎ ‎––_____. Please go ahead.‎ A. Never mind B. Of course not C. Yes, I do D. That’s all right 不介意：不用never mind.和I don’t mind. 要用：No, of couse not / Certainly not / not at all. / No, go ahead = if you like 注意： go ahead= go right ahead, 干吧，用吧，拿吧，说吧，走吧，随便。‎ 如：（1） --- Do you mind my smoking here? ---No,_______.‎ A. me, too. B. a good idea C. you’ d better not. D. go ahead ‎（2）-- I’II be away for a summer holiday. Will you mind going with me?‎ ‎ ---__________.‎ A:I’ll like it B.No, I’m no time C.Not at all D.Yes, of course not 介意时：用Sorry, please don't / you'd better not. / I’d rather you didn’t /Yes, I do.‎ ‎4: Why not? 怎么不行？‎ ‎ —Let's go there tonight.‎ ‎ —Why not? = That's a good idea.‎ 如：---How about the two of us chatting onlione?‎ ‎---_____ It’s much cheaper than talking on the phone.‎ A. No way B. Why not C. My pleasure D. Go ahead ‎5:回答must固定句型:‎ ‎ 1．—Must I go now?‎ ‎ —Yes, you must.否定用：No,you needn't / don't have to.‎ ‎6: 别人通过考试或取得成功及好消息用: Congratulations! 告诉别人某人病了或坏消息用：I am sorry to hear that .‎ ‎—Tom, My daughter has won the first prize in the English contest.I can't go with you to go fishing.‎ ‎—Has she?_____!‎ A Come on B Good luck C all the best DCongratulations ‎7:别人外出旅行或找工作两答语 别人外出旅行时：用 Have a good trip journey / agood time/ have fun.‎ 别人外出找工作时：用 have good luck/ good luck 不用 have a good chance.‎ ‎---Do you mind if I join my classmates in hiking this weeked, mum?‎ ‎---Certainly not._______.‎ A Come on B Good luck C My pleasure DHave fun ‎ ‎8: 商店和饭店服务员的问话 商店营业员：--Can I help you?/ May I help you? Is there anything that I can do for you? What can I do for you?‎ 饭店服务员：May I take your order ,sir?‎ ‎9: It depends.的用法 ‎ —Would you please go to the cinema?‎ ‎ —It (all) depends. (看情况吧！)/ That (all) depends.‎ ‎10. It’s up to you. (由你决定)‎ ‎ ---Shall we go to the art exhibition right away? --- It’s up to you.‎ ‎11: 回答 How are you? 用Fine, / very well, thank you.‎ 回答 How are you doing ?/ How is everything ? 用Not too bad.‎ ‎12:①What does he like? (喜欢什么?) ②What is he like? ‎ ‎①----What does he like?-------He likes singing.‎ ‎②-----What is he like? ------- He is handsome and warm-hearted.‎ ‎13: ①表示甲怎么样，乙也怎么样，用so + 助动词 + 主语 ‎ —He likes dancing, so do I.‎ ‎ —He will go, so will she.‎ ‎②表示甲不怎么样，乙也不怎么样，用neither / nor + 助动词 + 主语 ‎ —He doesn't like dancing. Neither / Nor do I.‎ ‎③If 甲怎么样，乙也怎么样，用so + shall / will + 主语 ‎ —If he likes singing, so will / shall I.‎ ‎④If甲不怎么样,乙也不怎么样,用neither / nor + will / shall+主语 ‎ —If he doesn't like singing. Neither /Nor will / shall I.‎ ‎④表示甲怎么样,甲就是这样,用so + 主语 + 助动词 ‎ —It was hot yesterday.‎ ‎ —So it was.‎ ‎—Tom won the first.—So he did.‎ ‎⑤表示甲的多种情况,乙也怎样,用“万能句型So it is with + sb ”‎ ‎ —He likes swimming but he doesn't like singing.—So it is with her.‎ ‎14:I am afraid so / I am afraid not ‎——I’d like to make an appointment with Doctor smith. Would 9:00 tomorroe be all right?‎ ‎——._________.Her schedule is full in the morning.‎ A:Yes,she’s free then B:I’m afraid not (我恐怕不行) ‎ C:You must be joking D:Well, it depends ‎15: not really 的用法：‎ ‎1.---- Are you willing to go there? --- Not really, I have a lot of homework to do.‎ ‎2.---Was Martin sorry for what he’d done? ---_______.It was just like him!‎ A Not really B. Never mind . C.All right D.Not surprisingly ‎16. shall 和will 的区别 shall 与 will 的区别主要在于疑问句 shall I.. ? shall we…？和 shall he…？莫忘shall she…？ shall they…?问句主语若是you，will /would定排头。‎ 即：一三人称用shall; ‎ 第二人称用will.‎ 如：1.Shall I open the door? 2. Shall they come in?‎ ‎3.——I carry the suitcase for you, madam?——Oh, it’s very kind of you.‎ A．Need B．Could C．Shall D．Must ‎17. take your time ; take it easy; take it seriously的区别 take your time 意思是“不慌，还有时间”；take it easy 放松点；别紧张；‎ take it seriously 把...看的很严重 如：---Wait a moment please. I am getting changed.‎ ‎ ----- ______. We still have two house to ge before the concert.‎ A take your time B take it easy C with please D You’er welcome ‎18 .none , no one, nobody, nothing 的区别 ‎ none：没有人或物，可跟 of ‎ ‎ nobody=no one：没有人，永远不跟 of who问，答 no one；两 how 要用none；‎ what 用nothing； none 前提过要记清。‎ ‎1.------_____ has a computer?‎ ‎-------No one . A Who B Which C Whom D How many ‎ ‎2.---Please fetch me some chalk from the box.‎ ‎---But _____ in the box , sir. ‎ A. nothing B. none C. no one D.nobody ‎3.--May I have a glass of beer, please?‎ ‎---Beer ? There is _____ left, but you can have some orange juice.‎ A. none B. no none C. nothing D. few ‎19.比较级用在否定句can't / couldn't + 比较级表示不可能更...意思最.... 。‎ ‎ ----What do you think of the film?-----It can't be more interesting .‎ 如：1..---Shall I give you a ride as you live so far away?‎ ‎---Thank you. __________. ‎ A. It couldn’t be better. B. Of course you can ‎ C. If you like D. It’s up to you ‎ ‎2.--- Excuse me, Tom?‎ ‎---______________?‎ ‎ --- Can you tell me where is the nearest way to the railway station?‎ A. What for B. Yes C. why D. how ‎20. 对人口的提问要用：how large 或what 不能用how many 和 how much ‎----______ is the population of the city of Pingdingshan?‎ ‎---- About 3,5000,000‎ A How large B How much C How big D How many ‎21.How is sb ? 对健康状况提问; What is sb?对职业提问; Who is sb?对人名、血统关系提问。‎ ‎----How is your brother?‎ ‎----He's fine /very well ./much better. Thanks.‎ ‎22. 隐形过去时的答语：‎ ‎---My uncle will be here to attend a meeting tomorrow.‎ ‎---Oh, I _____ that he _____ today.‎ A thought; was coming B thought; could come ‎ C think; will come D think; would come ‎23. 省略句 ‎①to+ v( 原）为了避免和上句重复，to 不能省，动词省去.‎ ‎ ---Would you like to go to the cinema ?--- Yes , I'd love to .‎ ‎②to 后若是be，切记不能省。‎ ‎ eg ----- Do you want to be a doctor?‎ ‎ ------I want to be .‎ ‎③when, unless, if, until,though, as, even if 等连词若引导的状语从句是被动语态时主语和be可省，只保留过去分词。‎ ‎1.When asked about his discovery, Sir Alexander said: “One sometimes finds what one is not looking for.”‎ ‎2.Don't do that until told to . 3.I don't go there unless invited ‎4.I don't want to speak to anybody unless spoken to. ‎ ‎5.The flower his friend gave him will die unless _____every day.‎ A.watered B. watering C.water D.to water ‎ ‎6.Every evening after dinner, if not____from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.A.tired B. tiring C being tired D.to be tired ‎7. Don’t to touch the equipment unless_____.‎ A.told B. telling C being told D.to be told ‎24：你觉得….怎样？三句式 How did /do you find….? = How did/ do you like …..?‎ ‎= What did /do you think of …? ‎ 你觉得….怎样？如：‎ ‎1.----What did /do you think of the film?---- It is very boring.‎ ‎ 2.---How do you like your coffee?‎ ‎ ---As it comes.(原味)‎ ‎ 3.---How do you like your beef?‎ ‎ ---_______. A Well- done B The stronger, the better ‎ C It’s OK, thank you. D That’s enough. ‎ 答案是B. beef 这里是 肌肉，不是牛肉。‎ ‎25．送客常用语：Nice having you here.‎ ‎-- We really enjoy ourselves at the party. Thank you again. Mr White ‎-- Nice having you here. Just whenever you feel like.‎ 二.几个重要的情态动词的用法 ‎1 .should +have +过分= ought to + have+过分，表示过去应该做却没有做，含有责备或埋怨的语气。‎ ‎2 must+ have +过去分词, 表示过去一定。‎ ‎3.can't /couldn't + have +过去分词, 表示过去不可能。‎ 永远不用 mustn't+ have + done 和can +have + done 注意：can +have + done只能用在否定和疑问句，不能用于肯定句中。‎ ‎4.needn't +have +过去分词, 表示过去不必做某事但已经做了某事。‎ ‎5.could +have +过去分词, 表示过去本应该做某事但没有做某事。‎ ‎6．may/ might+ have +过去分词, 表示过去或许。‎ ‎(1).The flower died , you _______it. ‎ A must have watered Bought to water C should have watered D must water.‎ ‎(2). It_____ last night ,for the ground is all wet.‎ A must rain B should have rained C must have rained D could have rained .‎ ‎(3). ---He failed in the exam.---Oh , he ______hard at his lessons.‎ A should study B ought to study C must have studied. D should have studied.‎ ‎(4)-- My cat is really fat. --- You _____ have given her so much food.‎ A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. mightn’t D.couldn’t ‎ ‎7. need 与dare 当情态动词+v原型,当实义动词+ to do ‎ ‎1.He need go there = He needs to go there .= He needed to go there.‎ ‎2.He doesn't need to go there.= He needn't go there.‎ ‎3.He dare not go there = He doesn't dare to go there .‎ ‎8.wouldn’t 表示过去不肯； 如：‎ The door __ open, no matter how hard I pushed it. (填wouldn’t)‎ ‎【情态动词热点试题自测】‎ ‎1.I was really anxious about you. You ______ home without a word.‎ A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have leftC. couldn’t have leftD.needn’t leave ‎ ‎2.–Write to me when you get home.‎ ‎--________. A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can ‎ ‎3.Sorry,I’m late.I___have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.‎ A. might B. should C. can D. will ‎ ‎4. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out.‎ A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to ‎ ‎5. Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.‎ A. won’t ; can’tB. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t ; must D. can’t ; shouldn’t ‎6. ---Shall I tell John about it?‎ ‎--No, you ____. I’ve told him already. ‎ A. needn’t B. wouldn’tC. mustn’t D. shouldn’t ‎ ‎7. ---Could I borrow your dictionary?‎ ‎ ---Yes, of course you _______. A. might B. will C. can D. should ‎ ‎8. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ____ be so rude to a lady.‎ A. might B. need C. should D. would ‎ ‎9. ----I climbed the tree and picked some apples.‎ ‎ ---- Did you?It was dangerous!You ____have falled of the tree and hurt yourself.‎ A. might B. would C. should D. must ‎10. -- Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.‎ ‎----You _____ it in the wrong place.‎ A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put ‎11. — The room is so dirty. _____we clean it? ‎ ‎—Of course. A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do ‎ ‎12. A left-luggage office is a place where bags ______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. A. should B. canC. must D. will ‎ ‎13. –My Mp4 player isn’t in my bag.Where ____ I have put it? ‎ ‎ A. should B. must C. can D. would ‎ ‎14. I didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. She ___ at the meeting.‎ A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken ‎ C. needn’t have spoken D.couldn’thave spoken ‎ ‎15. Jack ___ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.‎ A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived ‎ C. cant’ have arrived D.needn’t have arrived ‎ 三分词: 现在分词和过去分词 ‎(1)分词的用法：分词作定语三种用法 名 ‎+‎ to be done 将被 名 ‎+‎ being done 正被 名 ‎+‎ done 已被 ‎【考点专练】‎ ‎1.This is the school ____next year. A being built B built C to be built ‎ ‎2.This is the school_____now A being built B built Cto be built ‎ ‎3.This is the school ______last year. A being built B built C to be built ‎ ‎4.The question______ last night is important. ‎ A．being discussed B discussed C．to be discussed D discussing ‎5.I want to read novels _____by Lu Xun . ‎ A . writing B written C. to be written D. being written ‎6.He wants to buy a kind of TV set______ inJapan. ‎ A. made B make C being made D to make ‎ ‎7.All the people _____yesterday were famous . ‎ A. to invite B inviting C invited D to be invited ‎ ‎8. The cloth _____ of silk feels soft . ‎ A .makes B making C to be made D made ‎ ‎9.The boy______ by the teacher is naughty ‎ A. punished B to punish C will be punished D punishing ‎ ‎10. English is a language ______ widely in the world . ‎ A. speaks B spoken C to be spoken D speaking ‎ ‎11.We are invited to a party _____ in our club next Friday. ‎ A.being held B held C．to be held D holding ‎12. The play_____ next month aims mainy to reflect the local culture.‎ A.being produced B produced C．to be produced D producing ‎(2)分词作前置定语的五个常考点：‎ ‎ 1 the fallen leaf 已经落下的树叶; the falling leaf 正在落的树叶 ‎ 2 boiled water 开水; boiling water 正在沸腾的水 ‎ 3 developed country 发达国家; developing country 发展中的国家 ‎ 4 spoken/ writtenEnglish英语口语/书面语;‎ English speaking country 说英语的国家 ‎ 5 the lighted candle 点燃的蜡烛 ‎(3)分词作状语可以和状语从句对换 总结1:当状语从句是同一主语,去掉引导词和第一个主语，若只有 be动词 be换成being 即可。‎ ‎1.Because he was a boy , he couldn't go swimming alone ‎ ‎.=Being a boy , he couldn't go swimming alone.‎ ‎2.As I'm your teacher, I should be strict with you .‎ ‎=Being your teacher , I should be strict with you .‎ ‎3.As he was ill , he didn't come to school .= Being ill, he didn't come to school .‎ 总结2:当状语从句是同一主语,去掉引导词和第一个主语，主动语态时，把 词改为现在分词作状语。‎ ‎1.When he ate fish,he often thought of you= Eating fish, he often thought of you . ‎ ‎2.When he saw the boy falling into the river, he jumped into it ‎ ‎= Seeing the boy falling into the river, he jumped into it .‎ ‎3.When I heard the news,I burst into tears.= Hearing the news, I burst into tears. ‎ 总结3: 当状语从句是同一主语, 且状语从句是被动语态, 去掉引导词和 一个主语,只保留过去分词作状语即可。‎ ‎1.When water is heated , water can change into steam.‎ ‎=Heated, water can change into steam.‎ ‎2.When the city is seen from the hill, the city looks nice.‎ ‎=Seen from the hill,the city looks nice.‎ ‎3.When the earth is seen from the moon, the earth is like a plate.‎ ‎= Seen from moon, the earth is like a plate.‎ ‎4.When she is told again and again, she doesn't understand yet .‎ ‎=Told again and again, she doesn't understand yet .‎ ‎5.When the habit is once formed, the habit can't be changed. ‎ ‎= Once formed, the habit can't be changed .‎ ‎(4) 分词做状语两特大重点 ‎①分词作状语,前后主语必须一致，若不一致用状语从句,不能用分词 ‎1. Entering the room, _____________. ‎ A. lettrer was lying on the ground . B. a letter was found on the ground .‎ C. he found a letter lying on the ground . D. a letter flew into the room . ‎ ‎2. Hearing the news, ____________. ‎ A. tears came to her eyes . B. her eyes were filled with tears.‎ C. tears run down her face. D. she burst into tears.‎ ‎3.______ on the Great Wall, a sense of pride came to our hearts. ‎ A. Standing B. Having stood C. When we stood D. Stood ‎②永远用现在分词作状语 generally speaking一般来说; judging by / from (one's accent)从某人的口音判断,‎ time permitting, 时间允许的话;night falling,夜幕降临; considering that….考虑到 ⑶永远用过去分词作状语 Given(考虑到) that she is a girl, she can't go there ‎ Given(被给) more time ,we can do it better .‎ ‎(5)分词作表语 " 人过物现”十大词：‎ ‎1．surprising 令人惊奇的 surprised 感到惊奇的 ‎2．exciting 令人兴奋的excited 感到兴奋的 ‎3．interesting 令人感兴趣的 interested 感兴趣的 ‎4．frightening 令人害怕的 frightened 感到害怕的 ‎5．pleasing 令人高兴的 pleased 感到高兴的 6．Puzzling =confusing令人迷惑的 puzzled=confused 感到迷惑的 ‎7．tiring 令人劳累的tired 感到劳累的 ‎8．boring 令人讨厌的 bored 感到厌烦的 ‎9 disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的 ‎10. annoying 令人恼火的 annoyed 感到恼火的 ‎(6) 巧记现在分词和过去分词口诀 区别 ed，ing;先看动词和主语，‎ 主语主用ing；主语被，用ed ；‎ ‎"人过物现” 要牢记。‎ ‎1______the police ,the thief ran away. ‎ A Seeing B Seen C.Having seen D. To see ‎2 ______ from the great wall, Beijing is wonderful.‎ A Seeing B Seen . C.Having seen D. To see ‎3 ______by the party, we live a rich life. ‎ A Leading B Led. C. To led D. Having led ‎ ‎4 ______by the student , the teacher came in.‎ A Following B Followed. C. To follow D. Having followed ‎5 ______his students , the teacher came in. ‎ A Following B Followed. C. To led D. Having led ‎6_______by his face, he must be ill . ‎ A .Judging B Judged C. To judge D. Having judged ‎7._____ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.‎ A .Given B Giving C. To give D. Having given ‎8._____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set upwind farms.‎ A .Encouraged B Encouraging C. To encourage D. Having encouraged ‎9._____ not to miss the flight at 5:20. the manager head for the airport in a hurry.‎ A . Reminding B Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded ‎10.____ twice, the man refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.A . Bitten B Being bitten C. To be bitten D. Having bitten 四、定语从句十大用法 含有“的”主谓句，就是定语从句，被定语从句修饰的词叫“先行词”翻译定语从句时先译“先行词”，后译定语从句。‎ 定语从句六大用法：‎ 一、当先行词是人时,用who(作主语或宾语)； whom(作宾语)；that(作主语或宾语)；whose(作定语)引导，切记引导词作主语不能省略,作宾语可以省略。‎ 判断作主语，宾语，定语的技巧。‎ The man____ I see is Tom . A who B whom C that D which ‎ ‎(2).填whose 的技巧：在先行词后面填上“的”时候，即填 whose ‎1.The boy whose parents died is Tom.= The boy the parents of whom died is Tom.‎ ‎2.This is the girl whose pronunciation is the best in our class.‎ ‎= This is the girl the pronunciation of whom is the best in our class.‎ 二、当先行词是物的时候, 用that (主宾),which (主宾) 和 whose(作定语) ‎ ‎◆特大重点: what 永远不能引导定语从句 因为what= the thing which ; the thing 是先行词；which 是引导词，用what 引导定语从句时，the thing 和前面的先行词重复,所以what永远不能引导定语从句。同样 that / which 作宾语可以省略, 作主语不可以省略。‎ 如：This is the book______ I borrow. ‎ A whom B that C which D what E /‎ 同样：在先行词后面填上“的”时候，即填 whose ; ‎ 先行词是物时whose + n = the +n + of which. ‎ ‎1.This is the house whose door is open.‎ ‎2.The house ______open south is new.A who's windows. ‎ B whose the windows. C the windows of whose D the windows of which.‎ 三、当先行词是物时,that与which三大区别：‎ ‎1.当先行词是all, something, anything, everything, nothing 和 the one 时 用that ,不用which.‎ ‎2.当先行词被 the very, the only, the last 序数词或最高级修饰that不用which. ‎ ‎3.当先行词既有人又有物时用that不用which.‎ ‎4.who 排who; which 排which ‎ ‎1. This is all _____I want to say. A what B that C which D those .‎ ‎2.Everything ______he borrowed is old . A what B that Cwhom D which.‎ ‎3.This is the most beautiful place_______I have ever visited . ‎ A that B which C what D whose ‎ ‎4.The teacher and the school ______ I remember are good. ‎ A that B which C what D whose ‎ ‎5. As a driver, the first__ needs remembering is taking care.‎ A thing B that C what D / ‎ ‎6. Who is the person____ is talking to our headmaster?‎ A who B whom C that D which ‎ 四、当定语从句有介词时，介词可以放在 whom whose which 前，介词提前时，whom which不能省,介词不提前，whom which 可以省。切记 that, who介词不能提前。‎ ‎1.This is the room which I lived in. =This is the room in which I lived .‎ ‎2.This is the women whom I spoke to. =This is the women to whom I spoke .‎ ‎3.The boy whom I say hello to is Tom.=The boy to whom I say hello is Tom.‎ ‎4.The dog which I take care of is little . =The dog of which I take care is little.‎ ‎5.This is the teacher_____ ‎ A who I spoke B whom I spoke C to who I spoke D I spoke to ‎ ‎6.The man ______ comes from Si chuan ‎ A whom he talked B with whom he talked ‎ C with that he talked D with who he talked ‎ ‎7.The man ______ is my teacher ‎ A I say goodbye to B whom I say goodbye ‎ C that I say goodbye D to who I say goodbye 五、特殊的定语从句引导词 当先行词是时间时，用 when(on which)引导定语从句。‎ July 1is the day when the Party was founded.‎ 当先行词是地点时，用 where (in which)引导定语从句。‎ This is the factory where I once worked three years ago.‎ 当先行词是原因时，用 why (for which)引导定语从句。‎ The reason why he didn’t come was that he was badly ill.‎ 当先行词是the way时，用 in which /that /x引导定语从句。‎ This is the way that he settles the problem.‎ 当先行词是“物复”时，用 of which引导定语从句。译为：其中 ‎ He has many books , of which this one is of importance.‎ 当先行词是“人复”时，用 of whom 引导定语从句。译为：其中 He has many friends, of whom Tom is his best friend.‎ 当先行词是case/ situation// activity/ point/ stage时，用where/ in which。‎ 当先行词是occasion时，用 when (on which)引导定语从句。‎ There is an occasion when students like to chat with teachers.‎ 先行词是一段时间（from 1999to2005）/ for+一段时间时；用during which time 当先行词是until nine o’clock，用 by which time引导定语从句。‎ I didn’t go to bed until 12, by which time my wife had been asleep for 3 hours ‎ ‎★There was a time when… 曾经一度 There was a time when the boy played truant.(逃学)‎ 六、非限制性定语从句（先行词与定语从句用逗号分开）‎ that永远不能引导的非限制性定语从句，which和 as 可以引导的非限制性定语从句，which只用句中，译为“这一点”as 放在句首或句中译为“正如”‎ ‎ 1．He is late, which makes the teacher angry. ‎ ‎ 2．He killed my dog , which made me unhappy. ‎ ‎ 3．As is well known to us all, China is a developing country. ‎ ‎4．He was late, as was expected.‎ ‎5.____is mentioned above, the number of the cattle here has been limited to 200.‎ A. It B. Which C. That D. As 特大重点：定语从句高考三句型 句型1:He is one of the boys who are ill / He is the only one of the boys who is ill.‎ 句型2: Is this house ______ you visit. (the one (that)) ‎ Is this the house __________ you visit. (that / which / X)‎ Is this museum________ you work? (the one where) ‎ Is this the museum ________you work? (where / in which)‎ 句型3 all of whom = and all of them ‎ all of which = and all of them ‎1.He has three sons,_____ are good. ‎ A all of them B all of whom C and all of whom D all of which ‎ ‎2.He has three books, ______are good. ‎ A all of them B all of whom C and all of whom D all of which ‎ ‎3.Is this school ______you visit? A the one B where C which D that ‎ ‎4. She brought with her three friends, none of _____ I had ever met before.‎ A. them B. who C. whom D. these ‎5.He has two daughters, _______is good. ‎ A neither of them B both of them C neither of whom D both of whom ‎6.He has two books , ______ was lost. ‎ A the newest of which B the newest of them ‎ C the newer of which D the newer of them ‎ ‎7.Tom wrote a lot of novels , _____are popular. ‎ A many of them B many of those C many o f which D many of that ‎ 定语从句巧记法：‎ what 不能引定从；介、逗、that 不同行；‎ 先行不定序最修，要用that , which 丢；‎ as 首/中，which 只中间；正如as 记心间。‎ 历届高考英语选择题精选(定语从句)‎ ‎1. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.‎ A.of whomB.whomC.of whoseD.whose ‎2. She heard a terrible noise, _______ brought her heart into her mouth.‎ A.itB.which C.this D.that ‎3 .In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help. ‎ A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom ‎4. The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect. ‎ A.what B.which C.that D.it ‎5. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.A.which B.where C.that D.when ‎6. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _____ was very reasonable.‎ A.which price C.the price of whichC.its priceD.the price of whose ‎7._____ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.‎ A.As B.It C.That D.Which ‎ ‎8. He lived in London for 3 months , during ____ time he learned some English. ‎ A.this B.which C.thatD.same ‎9. On the wall hung a picture, _____ color is blue.‎ A.whose B.of which C.which D.its ‎10. Whenever I met him , ____ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.‎ A.whatB.whichC.that D.when ‎11. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower. ‎ A.that B.where C.which D.there ‎12.The boss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.A.in which B.in that C.in whose D.whose ‎13. I don’t like _____ you speak to her.‎ A.the way B.the way in that C.the way which D.the way of which ‎14. He made another wonderful discovery , ____ of great importance to science.‎ A.which I think is B.which I think it is C.which I think itD.I think which is ‎15. He was very rude to the customs officer, ____ of course made things even worse.A.whoB.whom C.what D.which ‎16. _____is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.      A. It    B. As     C. That    D. What      ‎ ‎17.____isoften thecase, wehave worked out theproduction plan.                    ‎ A. Which     B. When     C. What    D. As    ‎ ‎18._____is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.        A. It B. As    C. That   D. What       ‎ ‎19. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80%_____are sold abroad.            A. of which  B. which of  C. of them  D. of that ‎ ‎20.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____the sailing time was 226 days.‎ ‎ A. of which B. during which  C. from which  D. for which    ‎ ‎21.He paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of_____ hadn‘t been cleaned for a year.           A. these       B. those       C. that D. which  ‎ ‎22 This is Mr Smith, _____ I think has something interesting to tell you.‎ A.whoB.whom C.what D.which ‎23.There is a mountain ,_____ the top is always covered with snow.‎ A.whose B.of which C.which D.its 五、时态和语态 高中考纲8种时态 一般现在时 主语+is/ am/ are,主语第三人称单数，谓语动词一定+-s 一般过去时 主语+动词的过去式 现在进行时 主语+is/ am/ are +doing ‎ 过去进行时 主语+was/ were +doing ‎ 现在完成时 主语+have/ has +过去分词 过去完成时 主语+had +过去分词 一般将来时 主语+will/ shall+动词原型 过去将来时 主语+would +动词原型 ‎(1)一般现在时 ‎①表示目前经常存在的动作或状态; 火车，飞机等按时间表出发一定用一般现在时。‎ eg 1.His father is a worker, and he works in YD company.‎ ‎2.The train _____ at 11:05 according to the timetable.‎ A is leavingB leaves C has left D will leave ‎②表示真理永远用一般现在时。‎ My geography teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.‎ The teacher said thatlight travels faster than sound.‎ ‎③as soon as, before, after, when, until, if 等词引导的状语从句用一般现在时，永远不用将来时。即“主将从现”‎ ‎1.As soon as I ______ him , I'll tell him the news. ‎ A will see B. see C. shall see D .am seeing ‎2 .Don't get off until the bus_____.‎ ‎ A stopped B stop C stops D will stop ‎3.My parents have promised to come to see me before I ___ Africa.‎ ‎ A left B leave C have left D will leave 但：if ,when 引导的宾语从句可以用一般将来时：如:‎ ‎1.I don’t know if he will come here, if he comes, please tell me.‎ ‎2. I don’t know when he will come here, when he comes, please tell me.‎ ‎(2).一般过去时：表示过去曾经或经常性的动作。‎ ‎1 基本用法：常用: 一段时间+ ago; in1980; last year;‎ just now =a moment agoafter +一段时间= 一段时间+later;‎ a few days ago = the other day ‎ 如： He came here the other day. ‎ ‎2特殊用法（隐形用法）‎ ‎1．-----Hello!Tom ,I _____you_____here?‎ ‎----- How long have you been here?‎ ‎ A don't knowwere B don't know; are C didn't know; are D. didn't know;were ‎2.----I have got to go now. ‎ ‎---- Must you? I ______ you could stay for dinner with us.‎ A thought B think C have thought D am thinking ‎ ‎3. Edward, you play so well. But I _____ you _____ the piano.‎ A don't know ; have played B don't know; play ‎ C didn't know; play D. didn't know; played 特大重点：in + 一段时间 after + 时间点一定用一般将来时；‎ 如：He will come back in three hours.He will be back after three o’clock.‎ ‎(3)过去进行时 主语+ was /were + Ving表示过去某一时间点正在发生的动作。‎ ‎1.When Igot off, it was raining 2. He was reading at seven yesterday morning.‎ 高考考点：be just doing只是在 be always doing =be forever doing 表示总是老是，表示责备或埋怨 ‎1. He thinks I work here, but I am just helping until the new secretary comes.‎ ‎2.----- Are you homesick?------No， I am just thinking of my girl friend.‎ ‎3. He thought we looked at him, in fact, we were just staring at the sky.‎ ‎4.----Don't eat it!---Oh , I am just tasting ‎5. My car_____ down when I need it. ‎ A is always breaking B has always broken C always breaks D always broke ‎6. It is always raining on Sunday. 7. The teacher is always critizing me .‎ ‎(4). 过去将来时 主+would +v 原形 =主+ was /were + going to do ‎ ‎1. .He says that he will come here→ He said that he would come here. ‎ ‎2. The girl saysshe will leave for Tibet.→The girl said she would leave for Tibet.‎ ‎(5) 现在完成时: 主+ have /has+ 过去分词 三大经典用法:‎ ‎1 for+一段时间 2 since + 时间点 3 since + 主语+ 过去时 四个基本用法 ‎1 in‎/ during/ over the past / last+一段时间, 要用现在完成时 ‎2 recently =lately译为“最近”, 用现在完成时 ‎3 It is the first time +主+现在完成时 ‎4 by now = so far 到目前为止 since then = even since = since 如：1. He has lived here for three years. 2.He has lived here since 1990. ‎ ‎3. He has lived here since he was born.‎ ‎ 4.In the past fifty years or so, scientists have found many "new"stars.‎ ‎ 5.Have you heard from him recently? 6 .I have not seen him recently.‎ ‎7 .It is the first/ second/ third… time he_____here . ‎ A came B has come C had come D comes ‎8.It is the third time I have seen her .‎ 重点题：---How is the weather in your hometown this summer？‎ ‎ ---It ______ as little as it does for a long time.‎ A hasn’t rained B doesn’t rain C wasn’t raining D didn’t rain ‎ 本题考查现在完成时的用法，时间状语now 和 for a long time 为明显提示。题干的意思是“很长时间都没有像现在下雨这么少了”‎ 现在完成时一首诗：‎ 现完用法共七条, since + 主+过去式莫忘掉；‎ since+时间点，for +时间段，高考试题年年见。‎ in/over the past + 一段时, recently 和几次；‎ by now = so far 莫忘记, 三种since记心里。‎ 特大重点：注意两个易混句型：‎ ‎1.In five years, they will work on the project.‎ ‎2. In the five years’ time, they worked on the project.‎ In five years意思是：在五年之后，故用一般将来时；‎ in the five year’ time 意思是：在这五年内，故用过去时。‎ ‎(6).现在完成进行时 主 +have /has +been +doing 现在完成时与现在完成进行时区别：两者的时间状语一致，但现在完成时强调动作到目前已经完成，继续不继续无关紧要但现在完成进行时强调两点：‎ ‎①动作一直在进行，②到目前已经完成并将继续进行下去。‎ ‎1. Excuse me, Marca, a reporter from Vanity Fair, _____ all day. Could you speak to her now?A phones B has phoned C has been phoning D phoned ‎ 解释：Marca 一整天（all day）在不停地打电话，因此用现在进行完成时。‎ ‎2.I have been teaching English for ten years.‎ ‎3.Tom, I ______ for you for three hours.A have waited B have been waiting ‎ ‎4.He_______English programme on the radio since he was 10. ‎ A has listened to B has been listening to C.are listening D.listen ‎5. ---I have got a headache.‎ ‎--- No wonder. You ______ in front of that computer too long.‎ A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked ‎ (7).过去完成时 主语+ had+ 过去分词，表示过去的过去 ‎ When I came to the station, the train had left.‎ 三种类型用法特大重点：用过去完成时必须有一个过去时作参照物，过去完成时的动作发生在这个过去时之前 如：‎ When we reached hospital, the man had died.‎ ‎① by the end of last…. ② by +过去时间点 ‎③ by the time+主语+ 过去式 ; 主句+ had + 过去分词 ‎ 1.By the end of last term ,he had learned1000 words.‎ ‎ 2.By 1990,he had got away twice.‎ ‎ 3.By the time he came here, the woman had left here.‎ 两个延伸用法：‎ ‎① it is the first time +主语+ have / has +过去分词 ‎ it was the first time +主语+ had +过去分词 ‎② it is +一段时间+ since +主语+过去式 ‎ it was +一段时间 + since +主语+ had +过去分词 如1.It is three years since he married. 2.It was three years since he had married.‎ 注意：it is +一段时间+ since +主语+过去式 巧记这个句型since 后面是延续，否定翻译要牢记。‎ 如：It is ten years since he smoked. 他十年就不抽烟了。‎ 六、被动语态 ‎（一）、英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态主语是动作的执行者，被动语态主语是动作的承受者。‎ 主动语态转换为被动语态 主动句：They held an important meeting in the Meeting Room of the hotel。‎ 被动句：An important meeting was held by them in the Meeting Room of the hotel 主语（由原来宾语变来）+be + 过去分词+by…… (原主语变为介词by的宾语)。（二）、巧记下列动词不用被动语态：‎ cost, disappear, consist of; hold , last , prove; add up to, belong to, happen/ take place/ occur, break out, come out . give out, run out. change into 巧记方法：花费，消失和组成；容纳，持续与证明；‎ 总计，属于，三“发生”；四个“out ”与变成。‎ ‎（三）六大动词无被跟副（read, write,wash, sell, fit. dress,lock ,burn即：读、写、洗、卖、适合、穿,锁住，燃烧记心间。）如 ‎1.－What about the books? －Books of this kind ________ well. ‎ A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold ‎ ‎2.The book reads well, and sells well. ‎ ‎3.The product will sell better if it is promoted with a slogan.‎ 主动语态与被动语态构，成一览表：‎ 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 动词的动词原形 am/is/are + 过去分词 一般过去时 动词的过去时 was/were + 过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are+ doing am/is/are+ being+过去分词 过去进行时 was/were +doing was /were+ being+过去分词 一般将来时 shall/will + 动词原形 shall/will +be+过去分词 过去将来时 should/would +动词原形 should/would+ be +过去分词 现在完成时 has/have+过去分词 has /have+ been+过去分词 过去完成时 had +过去分词 had +been +过去分词 情态动词 can/may/must +have +done can/may/must +be +过去分词 ‎【被动语态热点试题自测】‎ ‎1. You _________ by a policeman if you drive that way.‎ A. are stopped B. will be stopped C. stopped D. will stop ‎2. Children _________ how to swim when they are seven years old.‎ A. is taught B. are taught C. is teaching D. teach ‎3.The building that ________ over there is the tallest one in the city.‎ A. is built B. building C. is being built D. is building ‎4. —_________the sports meet might be put off.‎ ‎—Yes, it all depends on the weather. ‎ A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. told ‎5. In some part of the world, tea _________ with milk and sugar. ‎ A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served ‎6. If water _________ , it can be turned into vapour.‎ A. heats B. will heat C. has been heated C. is heated ‎7. --- Hurry up, you _________ on the phone.‎ ‎--- Oh, I’m coming. Thank you . ‎ A. want B. are wanted C. are being wanted D. are wanting ‎8. The price of the tickets for the film is too high, so they ________.‎ A. sell badly B. sell quickly C. are sold badly D. sell fast ‎9. The police found that the house _______ and a lot of things ________. ‎ A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into ;had been stolen C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen ‎ ‎10. A lot of trees last night.‎ ‎ A were watered B. was watered C. are watered D. watered ‎11. English has been changing for centuries, and even now, new words and expressions _____ nearly every day. ‎ A. are added B. are being added C. have added D. have been added ‎12 They _____ the computer problem, which in turn helped us get back online.‎ A. have solved B. had solved C. solve D. solved ‎13. The tree was lying across the road. It ________ down in the storm.‎ A. was being blown B. had been blown C. was blowing D. had blown ‎14. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ________ by the hour.‎ A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay ‎15．It is said that that book ____ into many foreign languages so far.‎ A. have been translated B. has been translated ‎ C. was translated D. is translated Keys:1—5:BBCAB 6—10:DBADA 11—15: BDBCB ‎ ‎【时态和语态热点试题自测】‎ ‎1.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ____ so rapidly. ‎ A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change ‎ ‎2.The door_____. Better have it repaired. ‎ A. isn’t shut B. won’t shut C.hasn’t been shut D. won’t be shut ‎ ‎3 Hundreds of jobs ______ if the factory closes.‎ A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose ‎ ‎4. I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I ____ my mum.‎ A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken ‎ ‎5 A‎ new cinema _____ here. They hope to finish it next month.‎ A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built ‎ ‎6. –You’ve left the light on.‎ ‎ --Oh, so I have___ and turn it off. A. I’ll go B.I’ve goneC.I goD. I’m going ‎7. The reporter said that the UFO ____ east to west when he saw it.‎ A. was travelling B. travelled C. had been travelling D. was to travel ‎8.–How are you today?‎ ‎--Oh, I ____ as ill as I do now for a very long time.‎ A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt ‎ ‎9.Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon ______ to his old ways.‎ A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned ‎ ‎10. –The cloth is of good quality, and _____ well. ‎ ‎--But the washing machine______ this morning ‎ A. washes; wouldn’t start B. washes; wouldn’t be started ‎ C. is washed; wouldn’t start D. is washed; wouldn’t be stared ‎ ‎11. The price ____, but I doubt whether it will remain so.‎ A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down ‎12. –Hey, look where you are going!‎ ‎--Oh, I’m terribly sorry. ______.‎ A. I’m not noticing B. I wasn’t noticing C. I haven’t noticed D. I don’t notice ‎14. –Nancy is not coming tonight.‎ ‎ --But she ______.‎ ‎ A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised ‎ ‎15. Shirley ______ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.‎ A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing ‎ ‎16. –Hi ! Tracy, you look tired.‎ ‎ --I am tired. I _____ the living room all day.‎ ‎ A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted ‎17. I first met Lisa three years ago. She _____ at a radio shop at the time.‎ ‎ A. has worked B. was working C. had been working D. had worked ‎ 七、动词不定式： “to+动词原形” 叫不定式。‎ 不定式的用法：‎ ‎1作主语To learn English is very important.‎ 注意：不定式作主语可以换成It作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式放在后面。‎ It is very important to learn English.‎ 不定式作主语要注意一致性：‎ To see is to believe.= Seeing is believing.‎ To live is to struggle.= Living is struggling.‎ To teach is to learn = Teaching is learning.‎ To say is easier than to do. = Saying is easier than doing.‎ ‎(不定式做主语和动名词区别：不定式表示具体动作，动名词表示习惯性动作)‎ Swimming is my favourite sport, but to swim in this pool is dangerous.‎ ‎2.作宾语 下列动词后常跟不定式作宾语：‎ hope, wish, want, manage, refuse, decide, pretend, determine. promise, expect, agree, choose, ask, fail, offer, learn, discuss, plan, care, help等 如：He expects to manage to learn her promise, but he fails to see her.‎ 巧记下列动词后跟不定式和动名词意义一样：‎ continue, begin/ start, love, like, prefer, hate “继续，开始，爱，憎分明”‎ 特大重点：‎ ‎1.主语+ want/ need/ + doing或to be done(意思是主语需要被做)‎ ‎1．The radio needs to be fixed/ fixing. 2．His shoes wanted to be mended/ mending.‎ ‎3．The patient needed/ wanted/ required/ desired to be looked after/ looking after ‎2.主语+ want/ need / require/ deserve+ to do 表示主动形式 ‎1. He needs to look after the baby, and the baby needs to be looked /looking after.‎ 下列9大词后跟to do与doing 意义不同：‎ try to do 企图/尽力去做…try doing 试着去做…‎ go on to do 接着干另一件事go on doing 继续干同一件事 mean to do 打算干… mean doing 意味着…‎ stop to do 停下来去做… stop doing 停止做…‎ remember to do记住去做… remember doing 记得做过…‎ forget to do 忘记去做… forget doing 忘记做过…‎ regret to do 后悔要做… regret doing 后悔做过…‎ only to do 结果出乎意料… only doing 自然而然产生的结果 can’t help to do 不能帮助做can’ t help doing 禁不住做…‎ ‎1.He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.‎ ‎2.He lifted the stone, only to drop it onto his own feet..‎ ‎3.. Have you ever changed an answer on a test, _____ out later that your first answer was the right one? ‎ A. only to find B. finding C. have found D. to have found ‎3. 1)巧记不定式作宾语补足语不带to：‎ 一“感”（feel）二“听”（hear, listen to）,“看”有五（see, look at, watch, notice, observe）； let make 和 have ‎1.Don’t let him do heavy work.‎ ‎2.I often hear her sing and see her dance in the next room.‎ ‎3.He often made his little brother cry, but today he was made to cry by his little brother.‎ ‎2) 不定式作宾语补足语带to的词组：‎ ask sb to do sth, tell sb to do sth, want sb to do sth, wish sb to do sth, ‎ order sb to do sth, persuade sb to do sth, advise sb to do sth, ‎ promise sb to do sth, allow sb to do sth, permit sb to do sth,‎ 切记：不用 hope sb to do sth 和 agree sb to do sth ‎4.后跟it 作形式宾语的5个动词：‎ find/ feel/ make/ think/ consider + it + adj/ n + to do 巧记法：‎ find, feel 和 make 莫忘think, consider,它们后若跟it, 形/名、不定（式）紧跟着。‎ ‎1.I find it important to learn English.2.He feels it a duty to help others.‎ ‎3.That made it necessary for him to make a living by earning money.‎ ‎5 不定式作表语：‎ ‎☆.happen to do 碰巧… seem to do/ appear to do ‎ When I got off the bus, it happened to be raining.‎ ‎☆.be + to do be to blame for be to let （出租） as if to do(似乎将做)‎ His wish is to become a teacher.‎ She is to see her mother off at the airport tomorrow.‎ ‎6 不定式作状语：不定式只作目的状语，译为“为了，以便…” ‎ He came here to see you.= He came here in order to see you.‎ ‎= He came here so as to see you.‎ 注意：so as to 不能放在句首，in order to 可以放在句首。‎ 注意：不定式作状语时，放在句中时，前面一定不用逗号。若有逗号，要用-ing 分词作状语，表伴随。‎ He got on the bus to attend the meeting.= He got on the bus, attending the meeting.‎ He stood up, leaving the room silently.= He stood up to leave the room silently.‎ ‎7.不定式作定语：不定式作定语要放在所修饰的名词后面 He has a lot of work to do.I have many clothes to wash today.‎ 注意: 不定式作定语，若动词是不及物动词后一定要跟个合适的介词。‎ He finds a restaurant to eat in. =in which to eat She has a little room to live in. =in which to live He gives me a pen to write with. =with which to write I have a piece of paper to write on. =on which to write She wants one dollar to buy you a present with. =with which to buy you a present.‎ He offered her a bed to sleep on / in. =in which to sleep I have raised a theory to base my thinking on . =on which to base my thinking.‎ ‎8.不定式的复合结构：‎ 下列句型是不定的复合结构的一个特大重点句型，请同学们务必要记住。‎ It is + adj/ n + for + object + to do/ It is + adj / n +of + object + to do ‎ 注意若形容词是表示人的性格特征时，用of 不用for.‎ 表示人的性格特征的形容词常见的有：好心的（人）聪明有礼貌，残忍的（人）虽勇敢，但错误、愚蠢。即：kind/ good, clever/ smart/ wise, polite. cruel, brave, wrong, foolish/ stupid/ silly. ‎ e.g. It is important for us to study English.It is foolish of him to believe her.‎ ‎9.省略to的固定句式:‎ ‎1)had better do= may/ might as well do 最好…‎ ‎2)would rather do 但愿.‎ ‎3)nothing but的句型:‎ nothing 前有do(did does doing done), but 后跟动词定无to nothing 前无do(did does doing done), but 后跟动词定有to 如：1.He did nothing but sleep. 2. He ate nothing but to sleep.‎ ‎3.The boy studied nothing but to play all day.‎ ‎4）宁可…..决不……（三句型）‎ would rather do than do=prefer to do rather than do=prefer doing to doing 他宁愿死也决不投降。‎ He would rather die than give in.=He prefers to die rather than give in.‎ ‎=He prefers dying to giving in. ‎ Why not do? What he wants to do is (to)help you. ‎ The only thing he can do is (to) comfort her.‎ 反射不定式：物+ adj + to do (无被，无宾 )；如：The box is too heavy to carry.‎ If the goods are cheap to buy but expensive to sell, you can make money.‎ 八、宾语从句 作宾语的不是一个词，而是一个句子，叫宾语从句。‎ ‎1 当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导，that 可以省略。‎ 他说他是个医生。 He said (that) he was a doctor.‎ 或用 He says (that )he is a doctor.‎ 他说她明天将去北京。 He says (that) she wil l go to Beijing tomorrow.‎ 老师说光比声音传播的快。‎ The teacher said( that) light travels faster than sound.‎ ‎2 当宾语从句是疑问句时，仍用原来的疑问词引导，但一定要用陈述语序，前后时态一致。‎ 他问我叫什么名字。 He asked what my name was.‎ 你知道他们在等谁？ Do you know whom they are waiting for?‎ 我想知道他什么时候将出发。 I wonder when he will set off.‎ ‎3 当宾语从句含有“是否”时，用if 或 whether .‎ 我不知道是否他明天将会来这里。‎ I don’t know if/ whether he will come tomorrow.‎ ‎ 他问是否他通过了考试。 He asked if / whether he had passed the exam.‎ ‎4.that 和what 引导的宾语从句的区别：‎ 主、宾齐全用 that, 主宾不全用what.‎ I don’t know______ he wants to say. 填 what , 因为say后无宾语。‎ I don’t know _____ he wants to say the thing.填 that因为 say 后有宾语。‎ 练习：填what 或that ‎ ‎1).He doesn’t know _______the camel looks like.‎ ‎2).He gives me ________ she needs.‎ ‎3).He gives me ________ she needs the thing.‎ ‎4).Please tell me ______ you know.‎ ‎5).Please tell me ______ you know the matter.‎ ‎6).I don’t know ________ he wanted to say.‎ ‎7).I couldn’t hear _____he said on the phone.‎ The keys: 1) what 2) what 3) that 4) what 5) that 6) what 7) what ‎【宾语从句热点试题自测】‎ ‎1）He told me _____ he wanted to need. A. that B. what C. × D. which ‎2) I don’t know ______.A. how much does it cost. B. how much is it cost ‎ ‎ C. how much it cost. D. how much it costed.‎ ‎3) I wondered _______. ‎ A. what is his name. B. what his name is ‎ C. what his name was D. what was his name ‎4) She didn’t know ______he would be invited to the Party or not.‎ A. whether B. that C. what D.×‎ ‎5) Can you tell me ______the railway station?‎ A. how I can get to. B. how can I get to ‎ C. where I can get to D. where can I get to ‎ ‎6) Give it to _______you think can do the work well.‎ A. whoever B. who C .whomever D. whatever ‎7)It is considered unwise to give a child ________he or she wants. ‎ A .however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever ‎ ‎8)______in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive here next Monday.‎ A .He is said B. It has said C. It is said D. It says ‎ ‎9) Dr Black comes from New York or Chicago ,I can not remember ______. ‎ A. which B. where C. that D. what ‎ ‎10. It is said _______ has been translated into Chinese.‎ A. that B. which C. that that D. that which ‎ 九、主谓一致 ‎1.⑴ and连接两个或两个以上的名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：‎ ‎ Tom and I are in the same class.‎ ‎ Air and water are very important to us.‎ ‎⑵and的连接两个名词前有the ,后无the ,是指同一人;都有the 时指两个人 ‎⑶and 连接两个名词若被each, no，或every 修饰时谓语动词用单数。‎ 如：Every boy and every girl is good.‎ ‎2. 主谓一致中的就近原则 ‎◆当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。‎ There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..‎ There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.‎ ‎◆当either… or… 与neither… nor，not only…but also　连接两个主语时，及not...but , not, 连接的两个主语谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。‎ ‎ 如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。Either you or she is to go.‎ Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. ‎ He not you is to blame.Not you but he is to apologize to the teacher.‎ ‎3就远原则：以as well as, together with , but/except, .‎ He as well as I is a professor.‎ The teacher with his students is coming here tomorrow.‎ All but Tom werehere last night. ‎ ‎4.以the + adj, 表示一类人或the + 姓+s 表示…的一家人，谓语动词要用复数。‎ ‎ The poor/ rich/ living/ dead /old/ young/injured are there.‎ ‎ The Smiths are eating in the restaurant now.‎ ‎5.表示金钱，距离，时间的复数作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。‎ ‎ One hundred dollars is not enough.‎ ‎ Fifty miles is not a long way.‎ ‎ Ten thousand years is too long for us to wait.‎ ‎6. the government, family, team, class等集合名词做主语时，若强调各个成员谓语动词用复数，若强调整体谓语动词用单数。‎ His family is a big one.‎ His family are watching TV now.‎ ‎7.the number of 表示…的数目，作主语时，其谓语动词用单数，a number of= many加名词复数作主语时其谓语动词用复数。‎ The number of the students is ‎100 in this school.‎ A number of boys are playing football now.‎ ‎8.分数或百分数作主语时谓语动词要和of 后的名词保持一致。‎ ‎ Five sixths of the books have been sold out in this store.‎ ‎ Three fourths of the water is polluted in this river.‎ ‎ 70 percent of the women in China are not educated.‎ ‎9.what引导的从句作主语时，其谓语动词跟后面的名词一致。‎ What he wants is time, and what she wants are books.‎ ‎10.形单实复：即集合名词people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。‎ The police are searching the robber. ‎ works (著作)，maths, physics, politics, the United States,The United Nations.‎ 如;The United States is made up of fifty states.‎ 形复永复：The Olympic Games, goods, trousers, glasses, clothes.‎ 单复同形：根据意义决定谓语动词。‎ means（方法）,deer, sheep, fish, Chinese, Japanese.‎ Every means has been tried, but they failed at last.‎ Many means have been tried, and they are successful. ‎ ‎11.定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词一致：‎ I, who am your teacher , should be strict with you.‎ ‎12.六个不定代词作主语的主谓一致：‎ None of them is / are good.Either of them is good ‎ Neither of them is good . Each of them is good. ‎ All of them are goodBoth of them are good.‎ ‎【热点试题自测】‎ ‎1. The number of the teachers of our school _____ about one hundred, and two thirds of them ____ women teachers. ‎ A. is, is B. is, are C. are, is D. are, are ‎2 Neither you nor Li Hua to the Great Wall. ‎ A. have gone B. has been C. have been D. has gone ‎3.Three years_____ a short time. You have to study hard. ‎ A. are B. is C. was D. were ‎4.The mother with two children often______ to the town. ‎ A. are going B. is going C. goes D. go ‎5.His family _____ a large one. The whole family_____ watching TV now.‎ A. is, is B. is, are C. are, is D. are, are ‎6.All the classmates excepTom_______ interested in dancing. ‎ A. is B. are C .am D. be.‎ ‎6Lily as well as her parents______ to the park every Sunday. ‎ A. are going B. is going C. goes D. go ‎7. They each ______ an English-Chinese dictionary. ‎ A. owns B. is C. has D. have ‎7.Each of them_____ an English-Chinese dictionary. ‎ A. own B. is C. has D. have ‎8.He is one of the boys who___ ill, and she is the only one of the girls who____ ill today. A. is, is B. is, are C. are, is D. are, are 十、倒装：分全部倒装与部分倒装 ㈠全部倒装：把整个谓语动词不经变形放在主语前面。以下七大副词/ 或介词短语放在句首，谓语动词要全部倒装。‎ ‎ here， there， up， down ， in ，out， away.‎ ‎ 1.The boy came here. →Here came the boy.‎ ‎ 2.The girl ran up . →Up ran the girl.‎ ‎ 3.The thief ran away. →Away ran the thief.‎ ‎ 4. The woman rushed in. → In rushed the woman.‎ 全部倒装1不能 即使七大副词放在句首，若主语是人称代词不能倒装 Here you are. Here it is.‎ 如：1 It is here→Here it is. 2.They are here→Here they are. ‎ ‎3. He went there→There he went.‎ ㈡部分倒装 :‎ ‎◆把动词,情态动词,助动词放在主语前. 部分倒装共五条:‎ ‎(1)以only 修饰的副词,介词短语或状语从句放在句首, 谓语动词部分倒装 He knew me only then.→Only then did he know me.‎ He loves you only today.→Only today does he love you.‎ You can do it only in this way.→ Only in this way can you do it.‎ You are able to join the army only at the age of 18.‎ ‎→Only at the age of 18 are you able to join the army.‎ ‎◆只有only一词放句首,句子不倒装.‎ He eats well only.→Only he eats well.‎ ‎(2) not only 与 not until放在句首倒装的区别.‎ Not only is he our teacher, but also he is our friend.‎ Not until he came back last night did his son go to bed.‎ He didn’t marry until he was 40.→Not until he was 40 did he marry.‎ He didn't go to bed until 12 o'clock.→ Not until 12 o'clock did he go to bed.‎ ‎(3).Hardly .....when 与 no sooner .....than ‎ hardly +had+ 主+ 过去分词 +when+主语 +动词过去式 no sooner +had+主+ 过去分词 +than+主语 +动词过去式 ‎1. Hardly ______ when it began to rain.‎ A did he sit down B he sat down C had he sat down D he had sat down ‎ ‎3.No sooner had he gone out______ it began to rain. ‎ A when B then C than D before ‎ ‎(4).neither, nor, hardly, never, seldom, few, little, at no time( 绝不)；‎ in no condition( 无条件), nowhere,‎ in/under no circumstances(无论如何决不); ‎ by no means ( 绝不) 等否定词放在句首,谓语要部分倒装。‎ 切记： in no time=at once 立刻；马上，所以放在句首不倒装如：‎ In no time he came to hospital.‎ He hardly eats anything.→ Hardly does he eat anything.‎ ‎ He never tells a lie.→Never does he tell a lie.‎ He seldom went there.→Seldom did he go there.‎ He has little money.→Little does he have money.‎ ‎(5)四个句型的倒装 ‎①so ...that....如此...以至于...句型中; so+形容词或副词放句首, 谓语动词要部分倒装. 如：‎ He was so excited that he couldn't go to sleep.→‎ So excited was he that he couldn't go to sleep .‎ ‎②表示甲... 乙也... （分5种情况）‎ ‎ 1.He likes you , so do I. 2. He doesn't like you , neither /nor doI .‎ ‎ 3. If he likes you, so will /shall I.4. If he doesn't like you, neither will /shall I .‎ ‎5. He likes you but he doesn't like her, so it is with me.‎ ‎③ as当意为虽然尽管倒装分四种情，although不倒装。‎ ‎1.Although he is young , he knows a lot.→ Young as he is , he knows a lot.‎ ‎2.Although he is a child, he knows a lot.→Child as he is , he knows a lot.‎ ‎3. Although he tried , he failed.→Try as he might,he failed.‎ ‎4.Though he loves her deeply, he hates her.→Deeply as he loves her, he hates her.‎ ‎④If 后若是were，had，should 时，if 可以省略，三词可以提前。‎ ‎1.If I were you, I would go there. →Were I you, I would go there.‎ ‎2.If he had eaten it , he would have died. →Had he eaten it, he would have died.‎ ‎3.If it should snow tomorrow,we would play a snow game. →‎ Should it snow tomorrow, we would play a snow game.‎ 十一、虚拟语气 一、真实条件句: 句形结构：if +主语+ 一般现在时，主语+ will +原形 ‎ 1. If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.‎ ‎ 2. If you help me, I will happy.‎ ‎ 3. If he______here tomorrow, he will be invited. ‎ A is coming B comes C will come D came 二、非真实条件句（虚拟语气）‎ IF分三种情况：‎ ‎⑴表示与现在事实相反 : if +主 +过去式 (be用were ); 主句+would +原形 If I were you, I would go there, but I am not you.‎ If she were a boy , her mother would be glad.‎ ‎(2)表示与过去相反：if+主语+ had +过去分词; 主句+ would+have +过去分词 ‎1. I didn't know him. If I had known him, I would have rung him ‎2. He didn't come here yesterday. If he had come here, he would have been happy.‎ ‎⑶表示与将来事实相反 i f +主语+过去式(be用 were）/were to +v /should +v; 主句+ would +v原形 ‎1.If I became a monk next life , I would go to SL temple. ‎ ‎=If I were to become a monk next life , I would go to SL temple.‎ ‎=If I should become a monk next life , I would go to SL temple.‎ ‎2. What would we do if the earth______turning ? ‎ A would stop B should stop C had stopped D will stop ‎◆If 后若是were，had，should 时，if 可以省略，三词可以提前。‎ ‎1.If I were you, I would go there. →Were I you, I would go there.‎ ‎2.If he had eaten it,he would have died. →Had he eaten it, he would have died.‎ ‎3.If it should snow tomorrow,we would play a snow game. ‎ ‎→Should it snow tomorrow, we would play a snow game.‎ ‎◆混合虚拟语气经典一句型：‎ if +主语 + had+过去分词; 主语 + would + 动词原形+ now 前半句与过去相反，后半句与现在相反 混合虚拟if 后面加过完, 主句 would 加动原，后面有now 是关键 ‎1.If he ______last night early, he___________now. ‎ A had been sent to hospital; would have been alive ‎ B had been sent to hospital ; would be alive C would be sent to hospital ; would be alive ‎ D were to be sent to hospital; will be alive ‎ ‎2.If he ______ , he______ the exam now. ‎ Ahad studied ; would pass B had studied; would have passed ‎ C studied ; would pass D would studied ; would pass ‎◆as if = as though + 主语+ 过去式表示与现在相反 as if = as though +主语+过去完成时表示与过去相反 ‎ 1. If you put a stick into water,it looks as if it _______broken . ‎ ‎ A is B were C will be D had been ‎2.He lies there as if he _____a dog. ‎ A is B were C will be D had been ‎◆含有but 的虚拟语气：‎ ‎1.If he had bought the book, he would have lent you, but he _____it.‎ Adon't buy Bdidn't buy C wouldn't buy D hadn't buy ‎2.If we saw her, we would tell you, but we don't see her . ‎ ‎3.-----If we had been on foot, we would have walked there.‎ ‎ --- Yes, the taxi______ necessary. ‎ A wasn't B isn't C hadn't been D wouldn't be ‎ 注意：but 虚拟语气中后面只有两种时态：一般现在时与一般过去时。‎ ‎4十大动词后跟的虚拟语气（巧记一二 三四）‎ 即：一坚持（insist）‎ 二命令（commandorder）‎ 三要求（demand request require）‎ 四建议（suggest recommend propose advise）‎ 以这十大动词引导的宾语从句，用should +v 原形, should 可以省略。‎ ‎1.He suggested we _______there. A will go B should go C went ‎ ‎2.I insist that he ______there. A goes B go C went D will go .‎ 注意：suggest 当“暗示”, insist “当坚决认为”时, 后跟的宾语从句前后时态要一致，不用虚拟语气。‎ 用虚拟语气三星句 ‎☆① it is ( high / about)time +主语+过去式 ‎☆②主语+would rather +主语+过去式 ‎☆③ if only +主语+过去式译为“要是……该多好 ” ‎ ‎1.It is time you ______home. A go B went C will go D would go ‎ ‎2.I would rather he______ here. A will come B come C came D comes ‎ ‎3.If only he were careful!‎ ‎4.----Did you see the film. ---- No. but I wish I_____. ‎ A saw B see C had D did ‎5. He died, I wish he ______. A didn't die B hadn't died C wouldn't die ‎ ‎◆附：虚拟语气的特大重点句型：‎ if it had not been for sth /sb; =But for sth /sb; 要不是…的话；‎ 如：If it had not been for your help, I would not have succeeded.‎ 十二、句子的种类 ‎（一）反意疑问句：口诀：前肯后否，前否后肯。‎ ‎---You are not from England, are you?‎ ‎---No, I’m not.（yes, I am）‎ ‎---你不是从英国来的是吗？-----是的，我不是。（不,我是）‎ 如1.--- You didn’t go shopping yesterday, did you?‎ ‎---____. But I have something more to buy. ‎ A. No, I didn’t B. Yes, I didn’t. C.Yes, I did. D.No, I did.‎ ‎2. ---You aren’t a teacher, are you?‎ ‎---_____, but I was. ‎ A. No, I am not B. Yes, I am not C.Yes, I am. D.No, I am.‎ 反意疑问句 ‎1、基本用法：前肯后否，前否后肯.‎ He is a boy, isn't he ?He isn't a boy, is he ?‎ ‎2、典型用法共7 条 ‎（1）以let's 开头用shall we; 以 let us 开头用will you?‎ 祈使句的反意疑问句一律用will you?‎ ‎★Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?‎ ‎★Let us go swimming, will you? ‎ ‎★Get up, will you? ‎ ‎★Don't go there, will you?‎ ‎★Tom, come here, will you?‎ ‎★Tom, you come here, will you?‎ ‎2）前有否定词never , seldom ,hardly, rarely, little , few 时，后用肯定.‎ He never tells a lie , does he ?‎ ‎3）前含有否定前缀或后缀, 后仍要用否定.‎ e.g. That is unusual , isn't it? He dislikes me, doesn't he ?‎ ‎4）含有must 的反意疑问句的三种情况 ‎★must be 的情况 He must be a thief , isn't he ?‎ ‎★must + have + 过去分词的两种情况 A: 后含有过去的时间状语，用didn’t＋主语？‎ He must have eaten it yesterday, didn't he ?‎ B: 后没有过去的时间状语用haven’t/hasn’t＋主语？‎ He must have eaten it, hasn't he ?‎ ‎5）I don't think /suppose / believe / imagine / expect后面的宾语从句要遵循 ‎“后一致性”的原则 ‎★I don't think he can invite me , can he ? ‎ ‎★Oh, you are a teacher, are you? /Oh, you are not a teacher, aren’t you? ‎ ‎★So he must, must he? / So he mustn’t, mustn’t he?‎ 注意：oh, 和so 开头的反意问句：即前肯后肯；前否后否。‎ ‎6）There used to be a meeting on Sunday, didn’t there?‎ ‎【典型考题】‎ ‎1. There will be a volleyball match in our school,？‎ ‎ A. be there B. is there C. will there D. won’t there 答案是D。‎ 经典题 It is the first time that he has been to Australia, _______?‎ A.isn’t he B. hasn’t he C. isn’t it D. hasn’t it 答案是C 。（二）感叹句 叹句巧计法：一分，二断，三加，四换 一分、she is a good girl.‎ 二断、 She / is /a good girl.‎ 三加、 She is （what）a good girl.‎ 四换、 What a good girl she is!=How good she is!‎ 感叹句并不难，how, what用在前，主谓放后都不变，how ＋形、副是关键。‎ what 引导的感叹句:‎ what +a（n）+形容词+可数名词+主谓 What an honest man he is! ‎ what+形容词+不可数名词+主谓 What fine weather it is! ‎ what+形容词+复数名词+主谓 What big apples these are!‎ how引导的感叹句: ‎ how+形容词+a（n）可数名词+主谓 How clever the boy is!‎ how+形容词或副词+主谓 How fast he runs!‎ 小结1.：what 引导的感叹句的特大重点句型：‎ ‎1.What a fine day it is today! → What fine weather it is today!‎ ‎2.What a usual work of art （艺术作品是可数名次） it is! ‎ ‎→What usual work（工作不可数） it is!‎ ‎3. What fun it is to jump into the river in summer!‎ ‎4.____different life today is feom ____it was 20 years ago!‎ A what a; what B what; what C How; what D what a; how ‎5. What a long way it is from here to there!‎ ‎6. What a great surprise / a pleasure / a disappointment it is!‎ ‎7. What a good knowledge of English he has !‎ ‎8 What a good experience it is to ride a camel in the desert !‎ ‎9.What a good /wonderful time he had last night!‎ ‎10.What a hard time he had doing the task last night!‎ 小结2：易错10个重点句型：‎ ‎1．---Who are those with banners?‎ ‎ ---A group_____ itself the League for Peace. ‎ A. called B. calling C. is called D being called ‎2.As is well known to all, he is a good boy.‎ ‎3.It is well known to all that he is a good boy.‎ ‎4.What is well known to all is that he is a good boy. ‎ ‎5.He spent as much time as he could going over his lessons.‎ ‎6.He made another discovery, which I think is of great importance to man.‎ ‎7.He can’t read or write. Who do you think he has write this letter?‎ ‎8.Every minute is made full use of to work at our lessons.‎ ‎9.The country life he is used to has changed greatly since the opening-up policy.‎ 10. Whom would you rather have go there with you?‎ 十三、高考强调句型四条 一．基本句型 It was/is + 被强调部分 +that +其他。‎ I saw Tomin the streetthis morning.‎ ‎（1）（2）（3）（4）‎ ‎①It was I who(that) saw Tom in the street this morning.‎ ‎②It was Tom who(that) I saw in the street this morning.‎ ‎③It was in the street that I saw Tom this morning.‎ ‎④It was this morning that I saw Tom in the street.‎ 二．含有疑问句的强调句型。‎ 疑问词（when where why how what who which +was/is it that +陈述句）‎ ‎1.______he was late?‎ ‎ A.Why was it BWhy it was CWhy was it that D.Why it was that ‎2.I don’t know _______he was late.‎ A. why was it B.why it was C.why was it that D.why it was that 三．含有 not until, until 的强调句型。‎ It was not until 12 that he came back home drunk.( 短暂)‎ It was until 12 that he worked.（延续）‎ 注意：含有not until 的强调句型不倒装。‎ 例：It was until I came back__________.‎ A.when he came here B.that he left ‎ C.that he began to work D.that he worked 巧记：that后面动延续not 一定要省去；that 后面动短暂not 一定要出现。‎ 四、省略that强调句型 ‎----Where did you see Tom? ----- It was in the room ______ he lived. 填where , 此处不能填that,‎ 因为后面省略( that I saw Tom)‎ 五、含有定语从句的强调句型：‎ It was / is +人+who…+ that+... ①It was Mr Smithwho said in the book that interested us It was +物+which+...+that+.②It was the book whichhe hadthat improved his English It was / is +地点+ where.+...+ that+...③it was in the room where he lived that he got married It was / is +时间+ when +...+ that+...④it was in 1979when he came that he got married.‎ 如：It was in 1979 when the war broke out that he had to join the army.‎ 强调句型考题精选：‎ ‎1．It was until last year that they______. ‎ A.got married B worked on the farm C. began to work D.returned ‎ ‎2. It is the ability to do the job_____ matters not where you come from or what you are.A. one B. that C. what D. it .‎ ‎3.It was not____ she took off her dark glasses____ I realized she was a famous film star.A.when ; that B. until; that C.until; what D. when; then ‎4.It was not until 1920___ regular radio broadcasts began. ‎ A. while B. that C. what D. since.‎ ‎5.It was about 600 years ___ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.(此句非强调句型)A.until B. that C. before D. when.‎ ‎6.It was only when I reread his poems recently_____ I began to appreciate their beauty.A. until B. that C.then D. do .‎ ‎7.Was it in 1969_____ the American astronaut succeeded _____ landing on the moon?A. when; on B. that; on C. when; in D.that; in ‎8._____ was in 1979_____ I graduated from the university.‎ A. That; that B. It; that C. That; when D. It; when .‎ ‎9.It was _____ he said______ disappointed me. ‎ A.what; that B. that; what C. what; what D. that; that.‎ ‎10.Was it because he was late ______ he was punished by the teacher?‎ A.why B. that C. for which D. so .‎ ‎11.Was it during the Second World War_____ he died? ‎ A.until B. that C. before D. when.‎ ‎12.Was it in the cinema____ Mr. Black met you _____ you saw the film?‎ A.where ; that B. until; that Cthat; where D. when; then ‎13.It was _____ he came to Macao_____ he knew what kind of place it was.‎ A.when ; that B. not until; that C until; that; D. when; then ‎14.Was it ____ she said or something that he did _____ you were angry at so much?A.what ; that B.that; that Cthat; what D. what; what ‎15._____ she is not so healthy ____she used to be?‎ A.Was it why that ; that B. Is it why that; that ‎ CWhy is it that ; as D. Why is it that ; that ‎16.It was only that gold watch chain____ because it was the best present for Jim.‎ A.that Della wanted to buy B. Della did wanted to buy ‎ C. did Della want to buy D. did Della wanted to buy ‎ ‎17. .It was only when I read history for a second time _____ to appreciate their beauty.A. did I began B.did I begin C.that I began D. had I begun.‎ ‎18.It was only when the rain stopped that_____ again.‎ A. the match started B. did the match start ‎ C.had the match started D.the match had started .‎ THE KEY: BBBBC BDBAB BABAC ACA 十四、高中部分动词不定式时态 to do 一般式 to be doing 进行式 to have done 完成式 to be done 被动式 ‎1．不定式的时态的用法，翻译下列四句话：‎ 他假装将去郑州。 He pretended to go to Zhengzhou.‎ 他假装正去郑州。He pretended to be going to Zhengzhou.‎ 他假装已去郑州。He pretended to have gone to Zhengzhou.‎ 他假装被派郑州。He pretended to be sent to Zhengzhou.‎ ‎2．不定式的时态的用法的记忆口诀：‎ 接不动词后有将，直填to do 不用想；接不动词后有正，要填to be+doing;‎ 如果动作已做完，要填 to+have done; 如果主语处被动，to be+done 定要用。‎ ‎★动词不定式完成式的两种常见用法 表示愿望的动词expect, intend, wish, plan, want, mean, suppose的过去式以及would like/love与不定式的完成式连用，表示过去本打算…..但没有干，‎ 例如：1.I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.‎ ‎2.I intended to have joined in your discussion, but I didn’t.‎ ‎= I had intended to join in your discussion, but I didn’t 历年高考真题自测题：‎ ‎1. Robert is said_____abroad， but I don’t know what country he studied in.‎ A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying ‎2.When the teacher came in,the naughty pretended________.‎ A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying ‎3. I would love ______to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to inish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.to be going D.having gone ‎4. He seemed______his promise.‎ A.to forget B.to have forgotten C.to be forgotten D.forgetting ‎5. Little Tom should love______to Beijing when he was a child.‎ A.to take B.to have taken C.to be taken D.taking ‎6. Bell is considered______the first telephone.‎ A.to invent B.to have invented C.to be invented D. inventing ‎7.Children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle______‎ A. to have heard B. to be heard C. hearing D. being heard ‎ ‎8. He is believed________in at his office on his way home.‎ A.dropping B.to have dropped C.having dropped D.to be dropped ‎ ‎9Lily’s mobile phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never________again.‎ A.to find B.to be found C.finding D.being found ‎10.I have nothing important on tonight. Do you have clothes ______to the laundry?A.to take B.to have taken C.to be taken D.taking ‎11.Tom pretended________it, but in fact, he knew it very well.‎ A.not listen to B.not to hear about ‎ C.not to have heard about D not to be listening to ‎12. With many items she needed_______for her 50-birthday party,Mrs Brown went to the supermarket with a big basket. ‎ A.to be bought B.bought C.to buy D.buying ‎13. ------Really nice________you.I’m going to miss you.‎ ‎-----Don’t forget to give me a ring,will you?‎ A.knows B.to know C.to have known D.know ‎14. -----Why do you look so sad?-----There are so many problems_______.‎ A.remaining to settle B.remained settling C.remaining to be settled ‎ ‎15. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liuxiang, who was reported____ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race. ‎ A.break B.having broken C .breaking D. to have broken KEY: ACBBC BBBBC CCCCD 十五、九种状语从句 ‎1.时间状语从句引导词：‎ 表示“一…就…”; （考纲共9个词组）即：‎ The moment =as soon as = directly= immediately = the minute = the instant =hardly…when =no sooner…than…= on/ upon doing something ‎2.条件状语从句引导词小结：‎ if / as long as / so long as (只要) /on condition that / once (一旦) / ‎ provided (that )= providing (that )= suppose(that ) = supposing(that )= assuming(that )‎ 如：Provided he was late , tell me about it .‎ As long as you study hard, you will succeed in time .‎ Suppose the train is put off, you may book a hotel to put up .‎ 要注意的是条件句中的谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时。‎ ‎3. 原因状语从句常用的连词有because,since,as和for.‎ because用why来回答，as“原因”都明白 since= now that 为“既然”，for前逗号只中间 ‎（1）---Why are you late? ---Because I missed the bus.‎ ‎（2）I soon went to sleep, for I was tired. ‎ ‎（3）Since= Now that you are going , I will go .‎ ‎（4）As he was ill, he didn’t come to school. ‎ ‎（5）____ there was no plan for a media education class, the headmaster encouraged Tom to create his own. ‎ A. Since B. Even though C. Although D. After ‎4.目的状语从句，常用in order that , so that , so…that , for fear that , in case 及 lest 连接从句。‎ 此从句中带有情态动词 can , might 等提示为目的状语从句。‎ ‎5.结果状语从句中，常用so … that ,such … that 或so that 连接。如：‎ She saw so much suffering that she knew she must help .‎ ‎6.比较状语从句中，常用 as ( so ) … that 表示原级比较，用than 表示比较状语从句. ‎ ‎7.地点状语从句，常用where 或wherever来引导。where 引导的地点状语从句译为：“在…地方”。可放在句首或句中。‎ 如：Put the book where it was .‎ 请同学们背会下列句子：‎ Where there is a river, there is a city. ‎ Where there is a will, there is a way .‎ We will go where the Party wants us to go.‎ ‎8.让步状语从句，常用 though/ although= while; even though,even if , whether ，whoever , whatever 等来引导。.‎ ‎9．方式状语从句，常用 as if , as though 来引导 如：He talked as if he had known everything .‎ 强化训练 ‎1.You will lose your chance of going to college_______ you study hard.‎ A unless B if C when D as soon as ‎2. ______I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive. ‎ A While B As C If D Since ‎ ‎3. She pretended ________nothing had happened. ‎ A as B if C as though D as long as ‎4. They went on doing their experiment____they had failed many times. ‎ A unless B until C though D as long as ‎5. The news was ___exciting ____many of us were moved to tears. ‎ A such ; hat B as ; as C so ; as D so ; that ‎6. Remember to turn off the light ________you leave. ‎ A after B while C when D unless ‎7. _________how hard I pushed , the door stayed closed. ‎ A Even if B Since C Though D No matter ‎8. Dark ________it was , we continued our way. ‎ A because B since C as D that ‎9. ______we made progress in our studies , we should not be proud . ‎ A If B Because C So long as D Even if ‎10. Put the umbrella_______ you took it . ‎ A when B as C after D where ‎11. _____I saw the photo , I remember who the person was. ‎ A While B The moment C Until D Although ‎12. Pleasant ___ he makes it to travel, he has no time to do it. ‎ A.as B. if C. although D. when ‎13.---Where did you get to know her?‎ ‎ ---It was on the farm______ we worked. ‎ A that B there C which D where ‎14._______books you read,______you will feel.‎ A The many, the happy B The more, the happier C The most, the happiest ‎15.No matter_______the conditions were like, we think that a car should be driven as fast as it could.‎ A what B how C which D when ‎16.Tim may come to see me.I don’t want to go out____he comes.‎ A so that B in case C as long as D now that ‎17.As we have planned, we’ll go to Beijing to attend her sister’s wedding party, we’ll visit our mother_____we go there. ‎ ‎ A if B when C once D even if ‎18.----Will you give away our secret to enemies?‎ ‎ -----No,______forced to. ‎ A if B unless C even if D though ‎19.________leaves the room last must lock the door.‎ A. Whoever B Who C No matter who D No matter what ‎20.Perhaps it will be a long time_____Tom comes back from Canada.‎ A before B when C if D since ‎21.-----Haven’t seen you for ages! Do you still work in Fuzhou?‎ ‎ -----_____.It’s years since I worked there. ‎ ‎ A Yes, I have B Yes, I do C No, I haven’t D No, I don’t ‎22._________difficult the ask may be, we’ll do our best to complete it in time.‎ A No matter B No wonder C Though D However ‎23.____the weather was fine, I opened all the windows. ‎ A Now that B Since that C Because of D For ‎(AACCD CDCDD BADBA ABDCC AADDD) ‎