全国卷一高考英语真题词汇知识点汇总 20页

‎2016年全国卷一高考英语词汇短语知识点汇总 假定你是李华，暑假想去一家外贸公司兼职，已写好申请书和个人简历（resume）。给外教Mr Jenkins 写信，请她帮你修改所附材料的文字和格式（format） ‎ 注意： 1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯 ‎【答案】 Dear Ms Jenkins, I am Li Hua, I am writing to tell you something about my plan for the coming summer vacation and I also want you to do me a favor. In order to get some practical experience, I am planning to take a part-time job in a foreign capital company. I have already finished my application and resume. But this is the first time that I have written an application and the personals resume, so I don‟t know if there are something to pay attention to. So, I‟m writing you the letter, hoping you can give me some help. I will be very grateful if you can do me the favor. Looking forward to your reply. And I‟d be really thankful. Yours,‎ 另外 ‎ 参考词汇 书信体，邮件的问候语 Long time no see. 1.How are you?‎ ‎2.How have you been? 3.How's everything going？ 4.How's it going?‎ ‎5.How are things with you?‎ 写信目的句式 ‎1.I'm writing to you to present what I think about sth ‎2.I'm writing to you to tell you something about sth 暑假 summer vacation vacation假期 vocation职业 公司 company/firm firm做形容词翻译为坚固的 capital 首都/资本/大写字母 外贸公司 foreign capital company/foreign trade company apply应用/申请 coming/following接下来的 做兼职 take a part-time job 实践的practical 帮助某人 help sb=do sb a favor=give sb a hand打算做某事plan to do=intend to do=mean to do 时间的句式It is the first time that sb have done sth是某人你一次做某事 It was the first time that sb had done.sth是某人第一次做某事 It is high time sb did sth/ It is high time sb should do sth是某人做某事的时间了 放在作文最后一段号召性的句子 give sb some help give=offer=provide=supply help可换为 adxvice/suggestions 最后表示感谢 I will be grateful/thankful if……=I will appreciate it if……‎ 写信的结束语 Look forward to your early reply.‎ Look forward to hearing from you Best wishes 短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线 划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 live .Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at meal times .Some people even had to wait outside My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady. ‎ ‎【答案】 1. that →where 2. but去掉 3. had →have 4. honest→ honesty 5. or→ and 6. using →used 7. becoming前加of 8. the →a 9. our→ his 10. stead→steadily 1. that改为where 考查宾语从句的引导词。介词后面的宾语从句缺少状语，根据句意判断此处缺少地点，故将that改为where。‎ 2. but 去掉 在英语中有了though虽然，不用but但是 ‎【归纳总结】在英语中though、although、while或者as等引导的让步状语从句不和but连用；连词because不和so连用；此外，return不和back连用。‎ ‎3. had →have 考查动词时态。 文章是介绍现在的情况，应该用一般现在时。‎ ‎4. honest→ honesty 考查名词。此处是指诚实是他成功的秘诀，用名词形式。 而形容词honest意思是“诚实的”，是指人的性格特点。 ‎ ‎5. or→ and 考查连词。根据句意判断此处是表示并列关系，故把or改为and。‎ ‎6. using →used 考查被动语态。根据句意可知此处表示被动含义，be used for“被用来去做”。 ‎ ‎7. becoming前加of 考查介词。 固定短语: dream of 梦想做某事。 ‎ ‎8.the →a 考查冠词。 固定短语：in a short time在短时间内。‎ ‎9. our→ his 考查代词。根据句意可知此处是指叔叔的生意，用his指代。 ‎ ‎10. stead→steadily 考查副词。根据句意可知此处grow是实意动词，意思是 “增长”，不是系动词，故用副词修饰。‎ 另外 be crowded with集满了…… the key to sth/doing sth ……/做……的关键 quality质量 quantity数量 used to do过去常常做某事 be used.to do sth/be used for doing sth被用来做某事 be/get used to doing sth习惯于做某事 use up=run out of用光 dream of/about sth/doing sth梦想着(做)某事 in a short period of 在很短的一段时间内(固定搭配)‎ Instead 相反的 前后表对比 ‎ 虽然 although/though/even though/even if/as/while都不能与but连用 Although表虽然不用倒装 though表虽然 可以倒装也可以不倒装 as 表虽然 必须倒装 as引导的让步状语从句倒装有四种类型 ‎1.形容词 + as + 主语 + 系动词.如：‎ Tired as he is,he offers to help me.‎ 尽管他已经很累了,他还是主动提出帮助我.‎ ‎2.名词 (不带冠词的名词)+ as + 主语 + 系动词.如：‎ Student as he is,he does not study hard.‎ 他虽然是个学生,却不努力学习.‎ ‎3.副词 + as + 主语 + 谓语部分.如：‎ Much as I admire his courage,I don’t think he acted wisely.‎ 我虽然崇拜他的勇气,但我认为他这样做是不明智的.‎ ‎4.动词原形 + as + 主语 + 谓语的另一部分（情态动词或助动词may,might,will,would等）.‎ 如：‎ Try as you will,you won’t be able to persuade him.‎ 不管你怎么努力,你都说服不了他.‎ 补充 Hard as he tried, he still failed. (他虽然努力了,但仍然失败了.)‎ Though he tried hard, he still failed.‎ Hard though he tried, he still failed.‎ Although he tried hard, he still failed.‎ 英语里的变得 become/ get/ go/ grow/ turn ‎　　Ⅰ. 这几个词都可作连系动词表“变化的”，但用法有别：‎ ‎　　become 比较正式，常用于书面语中，表示由一个状态向另一个状态的变化。通常用于过去完成的事，不表未来的事。如：‎ ‎　　① I became a teacher three years ago.我是三年前当老师的。(由学生或其他职业变成老师)‎ ‎　　② He has become a famous person. 他已成为名人了。‎ ‎　　Ⅱ.get 多用于口语中，后常接形容词，表“变化”的过程，特别常接比较级形容词。如：‎ ‎　　① The days are getting longer and longer. 白天变得越来越长了。(含动作意识)‎ ‎　　② Things are getting worse.情况变得更糟了。‎ ‎　　Ⅲ.go 表示因某种原因而进入某种状态，说明“变”的结果。‎ ‎　　① After he heard the news, his face went white. 听到这个消息，他的脸变白了。‎ ‎　　② The sky went cloudy. 天娈阴了。‎ ‎　　Ⅳ.grow 表“渐渐地变”，强调逐渐变化的过程。 如：‎ ‎　　① The smoke grew bigger and thicker. 烟变得越来越大，越来越浓了。‎ ‎　　② My younger brother is growing tall. 我弟弟渐渐长高了。‎ ‎　　Ⅴ.turn 含有“变得和以前完全不同”之意，说明变的结果。‎ ② ‎ The trees turn green. 树变绿了。‎ ‎② His love turned into hate. 他由爱生恨 ‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia‟s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top____61_(attract). ‎ ‎ So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_____62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be __63___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back ____64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ____67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. ‎ On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __69__( day) with his sister so that while ‎ one is being bottle-fed, __70____ other is with mum-she never suspects. ‎ ‎【答案】 61. attraction 62. was allowed 63. officially 64. to 65. when 66. permitted 67. introducing 68. its 69. days 70. the ‎ ‎61.attraction考查名词。形容词top后面跟名词形式。‎ ‎62.was allowed.考查时态和语态。根据句意作者是被允许走近这些动物。Be allowed to do sth被允许做某事。‎ ‎63. officially考查副词。修饰动词用副词形式。 64. to 考查介词。固定短语：go back to “回到”。 65. when考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，从句缺少状语，因为先行词是时间，故填when。 66. permitted 考查过去分词。被修饰的名词和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词。 67. introducing考查动名词。 介词后面应该用动名词形式。 68. its考查代词。 修饰名词用形容词性的物主代词，故填its。 69. days考查名词复数。Few修饰复数名词。 【归纳总结】修饰复数名词的词和短语包括：many, few, a few, several, a number of, hundreds of等。修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：much, a little, little , a bit of等。既能修饰复数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：more , such, plenty of, a lot of , lots of, a quantity of, quantities of等。 70. the考查冠词。固定短语：one …the other“一个„„另一个”。‎ ‎ 考点：语法填空 归纳总结 ‎ 语法填空题的考查范围：动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、冠词 介词、数词，连词，固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装、虚拟语气，省略、强调等。 如：63题是考查副词；68题考查代词；69题考查名词复数；70题考查冠词等。 解题策略：1.略读理解—分析填空—连贯检查（语法正确、语意连贯、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确） 2. 了解语法、词法、句法、章法和惯用法。‎ 另外 dozen一打 dozens of几十个 fancy n想象 adj 奇特的 backstage后台 为副词home here there abroad都为副词 前不加介词 be based on以……为基础 help sb=do sb a favor帮助某人 help oneself to sth自便吃…… can not hellp doing sth情不自禁做某事 ‎ Can not help to do sth不能帮助去做某事 研究research/study 调查 survey title头衔/标题 20世纪80年代 in the 1980S/in the 1980‘S starve挨饿 misty有雾的 reject拒绝 ‎ 表示"每隔/每几..."的各种表达法;‎ ‎1.“every ＋基数词(大于或等于2) ＋复数名词” 每...‎ every four years 每四年(每隔三年)‎ every few days 每几天 ‎2.“every other ＋单数名词” 意思是“每隔一……”‎ every other day 每两天,每隔一天 ‎3.“every other ＋基数词(大于或等于2) ＋复数名词” ‎ ‎=“every ＋基数词(大于或等于2) + other＋复数名词” ‎ 意思是“每隔……”.‎ 如:every other two days =every two other days 每隔两天.‎ ‎=every three days ‎ 不过这第3种用法用得较少.‎ ‎4.every ＋序数词(大于或等于2) ＋单数名词."每隔..."‎ 如:every second day =every other day=every two days每隔一天,每两天 ‎ every third day =every three days=every other two days=every two other days ‎ 每隔两天,每三天 ‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 ‎ ‎     A Heroic Driver ‎      Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009. Larry was   41   along 165 north after delivering to one of his   42   . Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on.    43   he got closer, he found    44    vehicle upside down on the road. One more look and he noticed    45   shooting out from under the    46    vehicle. Larry pulled over, set the brake and    47   the fire extinguisher (灭火器). Two good bursts from the extinguisher and the fire was put out.‎ ‎       The man who had his bright lights on   48    and told Larry he had   49  an emergency call. They    50    heard a woman's voice coming from the wrecked (毁坏的) vehicle.    51  the vehicle, they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window. They told her to stay    52    until the emergency personnel arrived,    53    she thought the car was going to    54   . Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move    55    she injured her neck.‎ ‎      Once fire and emergency people arrive, Larry and the other man    56    and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the    57    if he was needed or    58   to go. They let him and the other man go.‎ ‎      One thing is    59   —Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His    60    most likely saved the woman's life. ‎ ‎41. A. walking B. touring C．traveling D．rushing ‎42. A. passengers B. colleagues C. employers D. customers ‎43. A. Since B. Although C. As D. If ‎44. A. each B. another C. that D. his ‎45. A. flames B. smoke C. water D. steam ‎46. A. used B. disabled C. removed D. abandoned ‎47. A. got hold of B. prepared C. took charge of D. controlled ‎48. A. came down B. came through C. came in D. came over ‎49. A. returned B. received C. made D. confirmed ‎50. A. then B. again C. finally D. even ‎51. A. Starting B. Parking C. Passing D. Approaching ‎52. A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm ‎53. A. for B. so C. and D. but ‎54. A. explode B. slip away C. fall apart D. crash ‎55. A. as if B. unless C. in case D. after ‎56. A. stepped forward B. backed off C. moved on D. set out ‎57. A. woman B. police C. man D. driver ‎58. A. forbidden B. ready C. asked D. free ‎59. A.for certain B. for consideration C. reported D.checked ‎60. A.patience B. skills C. efforts D.promise ‎ 答案及解析:‎ 知识点：完型填空 ‎41-45.CDCBA 46-50.BADCA 51-55. DBDAC 56-60.BBDAC 试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文主要介绍了司机Larry在路上遇到着火的汽车，积极救人的故事。‎ ‎41.C考查动词辨析。根据下文中Larry pulled over……可知他沿着公路行驶。Travel“进行”，故选C。‎ ‎42.D考查名词辨析。根据首句Larry works with Transport Drivers，Inc可知他是司机，由此推断他应该是在给客户送完货后回去的路上。‎ ‎43.C考查连词辨析及语境理解。根据语境判断当他走近的时候，他又发现了另一辆汽车。as“当…时候”‎ ‎44.B考查代词辨析及语境理解。根据前句Suddenly, he saw a car with its bright lights on,可知当时有一辆开着亮灯的车，由此判断他又发现一辆损毁的汽车。‎ ‎45.A考查名词辨析及语境理解。根据第一段末句the fire was put out可知当时汽车是着火了。Flame火苗；smoke烟；water水；steam蒸汽。故选A。‎ ‎46.B考查形容词词辨析及语境理解。根据第二段中a women’s voice coming from the wrecked vehicle，可知汽车是毁坏了的，used使用；disabled 残废的；removed被移除了的；abandoned被遗弃的。故选B。‎ ‎47.A考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据后句可知他下车灭火。Get hold of拿起；prepare准备；take charge of负责；control控制。故选A ‎48.D考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据and told Larry he had 48 an emergency call 可知，那个司机走了过来和Larry说话。come down 下来；come through经历；come in进来；come over 走过来。故选D。‎ ‎49.C考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据下文可知这个司机打了电话报警。return归还；receive a call接到电话；make a call 打电话；confirm确认。故选C。‎ ‎50.A考查副词辨析及语境理解。根据语境判断他们听到车内有人发出的声音。Then那时；again再次；finally终于；even甚至。故选A。‎ ‎51.D考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据上文可知汽车着火了，情况很危险，由此推断Larry离汽车远，由此判断走近了才看到车内的那位女士。‎ ‎52.B考查形容词辨析及语境理解。根据本段末句she should not move可知，Larry让这名女士不要动。Quiet 安静的；still不动的；away远离的；calm沉着的；故选 B。‎ ‎53.D考查连词辨析及语境理解。根据后句可以推断这位受困的女士想从汽车里出来，而Larry不让她动，怕她伤到脖子，这两句话之间是转折关系。‎ ‎54.A考查动词辨析及语境理解。根据后句内容判断这位妇女害怕汽车会爆炸。Explore爆炸；slip away溜走；fall apart 崩溃；crash坠毁，摔碎；故选A 。‎ ‎55.C考查短语和介词辨析及语境理解。Step forward走上前去；back off后退；move on继续；set out出发，根据上文可知Larry害怕她脖子会受伤，前后句之间是假设关系。‎ ‎56.B考查动词短语辨析及语境理解。根据后句内容可以推断他们为了不妨碍警察救人，都退到后面。‎ ‎57.B考查名词辨析及语境理解。根据上文Once fire and emergency people arrived可知是救援的警察赶到现场。故选B。‎ ‎58.D考查形容词辨析及语境理解。根据后句可知警察让他离开了，由此判断Larry询问警察他是否离去。‎ ‎59.A考查短语辨析及语境理解。for consideration 以供参考； report报道；check核实；‎ ‎60.C考查名词辨析及语境理解。Patience耐心；skill技能；effort努力；promise承诺； 故选C。根据从上文可知Larry努力挽救了别人的性命。‎ ‎【方法点拨】‎ 解答完形填空的三大策略 词语同现、词语复现和逻辑推理是解答完形填空的三大策略，领会和掌握这三大策略对提高完形填空的解题速度和准确率大有裨益。‎ ‎1. 词语同现。‎ 词语同现是指意义上相关的词汇出现在同一语篇中，构成了以某一话题为中心的词汇链，也有人称之为语义场。比如They told her to stay 52 until the emergency personnel arrived.‎ ‎52. A. quiet B. still C. away D. calm 根据后文中she should not move，可以判断选B。‎ ‎2. 词语复现。‎ 词语复现指某一个词以原词、同根词、同义词、反义词(如wrong, not correct)、上义词、下义词等方式重复出现在语篇中，语篇中的句子通过这种复现关系达到相互衔接。比如： One more look and he noticed 45 shooting out…‎ ‎45. A. flames B. smoke C. water D. steam 根据后句中the fire was put out判断选A。‎ ‎3. 逻辑推理。‎ 在做完形填空时许多考生都会有这样的经历，即使他们对选项当中的每个词的意思都非常清楚，但得分不高。因为完形填空考查的是一种综合能力，不但是对词汇的考查，而且对句子间和上下文之间逻辑关系的推断也是完形填空考查的重点。其中逻辑关系主要包括因果关系、转折关系、对比关系、并列关系等。‎ 另外 transport运输 运送 Inc.公司 heroic英雄的 deliver 传送 发表 colleague 同事 employer雇佣者 employee被雇佣者 vehicle车辆 upside down翻转 旅行 travel旅行 长途的 journey旅行 长途的 trip旅行 短途的 tour旅行 观光 voyage航行 (海上/太空)‎ Ride旅行 数词+more+名词=another+数词+名词 再……个…… see/hear/notice+sb+doing sth(正在做)/do sth(全过程)‎ Flame火焰 steam蒸汽 pull over靠边停车 pull 拉 push 推 set the brake踩刹车 ‎ In charge of/take charge of掌管着 in the charge of 由……掌管 使某人做某事 make/let/have sb do sth get/force/drive/cause sb to do sth emergency 急救 return=give back 归还=come back返回 confirm证实 approach靠近 stay+adj保持……的 Still 仍旧/蒸馏器/静止的，一动不动的 personnel人员 slip away溜走 crash坠毁 fall apart崩溃 hold握住/容纳/举办 get hold of 拿出以供使用 neck脖子 lace带子 necklace项链 Set out=set off出发 abandon遗弃 forward上前 forbid禁止 prohibit禁止 be free to do sth自由/随意做某事 for certain确定的 for consideration以供考虑 be lokely to do sth可能做某事 ‎ with+宾语+宾语补足语,构成with复合结构,宾语可以是名词或是代词,宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词.且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系.‎ 形式一 with+宾语+形容词 He often sleeps with the windows open.他常开着窗睡觉.‎ 形式二 with+宾语+副词 He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他和衣躺在床上.‎ 形式三 with+宾语+名词 He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.他去世时,女儿还是个小学生.‎ 形式四 with+宾语+介词短语 She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.她含着眼泪说了声再见.‎ 形式五 with+宾语+现在分词(短语)‎ I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.因为妈妈有病,我无法去度假.‎ 形式六 with+宾语+过去分词(短语)‎ All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作.‎ 形式七 with+宾语+不定式(短语)‎ I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.要洗这些衣服,我无法出去了.‎ Secret codes (密码)keep messages private。Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.‎ People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.‎ There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”‎ ‎38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example, Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “135520135.”‎ A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, ”bridge“ might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.‎ A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.‎ B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.‎ C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.‎ D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.‎ E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.‎ F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.‎ G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.‎ ‎ 答案及解析:‎ 知识点：七选五 ‎36.D 37.E 38.G 39.F 40.A 试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了密码的设置方法和破解的方法。‎ ‎36.D根据后句内容可以判断该空应该和密码的破译有关，故判断D项内容符合语境逻辑，可以承接上下文。‎ ‎37.E 后面举的例子是来真名人们设置密码时往往会利用一些单词的第一个字母来作为密码，由此判断E选项内容符合语境逻辑。‎ ‎38.G根据后面的解释内容可以判断这是介绍密码设置的又一种方法，故判断G选项符合语境。‎ ‎39.F根据后面的举例以及前句中的 a code book可以判断该句是介绍密码书的使用，故判断F选项可以起到承上启下的作用。‎ ‎40.A根据空后内容的转折可知尽管利用密码书可以破译密码，但是一本密码书也不会使用很久的时间，故判断A选项符合语境。‎ ‎【归纳总结】七选五阅读填空考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题技巧如下：1.注重句式的对接，比如排比句，祈使句等；2. 注重词汇的衔接，也就是利用上下文所重复的关键词，即词的复现原则进行判断，其中包括同义词，原词和反义词的复现；3.注重举例或解释等。如第37题和第39题只需要利用for example来进行解题。‎ 另外 七选五注意两条技巧 同义词(上下句) 就近原则(选项中的特定词与上下句之间的特定词保持一致) 注意句子与句子之间的关系如 总分 分总 ‎ Code代码 agency代理/机构 as long.as=if只要 symbol象征 标志 stand for代表 represent代表 specific 特定的 具体的 number数字/标序号 frequently频繁地 in order 按顺序 substitude替换 phrase短语 more than 的用法 ‎ ‎1. more than后面跟名词，意为“不只是，不仅仅是”。例如： ‎ Kate was more than a teacher. She also did what she could to take care of her pupils. ‎ 凯特不仅仅是位教师，她还尽其所能照顾她的学生。 ‎ 1. more than与数词连用，意思是“多于，大于，超过”。例如： ‎ I have known him for more than twenty years. 我认识他已经超过20年了。‎ ‎3. more than与形容词和分词连用，表示“非常、十分”。例如： ‎ They were more than happy to see us come back from the expedition. 看到我们远征而归，他们异常高兴。 ‎ ‎4. more than与动词连用，对动词起着加强语气的作用。例如： ‎ His progress in English learning more than encouraged him to learn the ‎ subject well. 在英语学习方面的进步激励他学好这门课程。 ‎ ‎5. more than和含有情态动词的句子连用，有否定意义，表示“是……难以……”或“超过了……所能”之义。例如： ‎ ‎（1）The beauty of the mountainous country is more than I can describe. 我难以描述那个山村的美丽。 ‎ ‎（2）This problem is more than a child like Jack can settle. 这一问题超出了像杰克这样的小孩的解决能力。 ‎ ‎6. no more than意思是“仅仅，不过，只是”。例如： ‎ ‎（1）All his education added up to no more than one year. 他接受的所有的学校教育只有一年。 ‎ ‎（2）Their new flat has no more than 60 square metres. 他们的新居只有60平方米。 ‎ ‎7. not more than表示“至多，不超过”，例如： ‎ Lying on the ground was a peasant boy of not more than seventeen. 躺在地上的那个农家男孩最多十七岁 You probably know who Marie Curie was, but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?‎ Jane Addams(1860-1935)‎ Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by ‎ creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.‎ Rachel Carson(1907-1964)‎ If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans.‎ Sandra Day O’Connor(1930-present)‎ When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.‎ Rosa Parks(1913-2005)‎ On December 1,1955,in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prison. But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott. It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement. “The only tired I was, was tired of giving in,” said Parks.‎ ‎21. What is Jane Addams noted for in history?‎ A. Her social work.‎ B. Her teaching skills.‎ C. Her efforts to win a prize.‎ D. Her community background.‎ ‎22. What is the reason for O‟Connor‟s being rejected by the law firm? ‎ A. Her lack of proper training in law. ‎ B. Her little work experience in court. ‎ C. The discrimination against women. ‎ D. The poor financial conditions.‎ ‎23. Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.?‎ A. Jane Addams. B. Rachel Carson.‎ C. Sandra Day O’Connor. D. Rosa Park.‎ ‎24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?‎ A. They are highly educated. B. They are truly creative.‎ C. They are pioneers. D. They are peace-lovers.‎ ‎ 答案及解析:‎ 知识点：人物传记/故事类阅读 文章介绍了四位伟大的女性：Jane Addams, Rachel Carson, Sandra Day O’Connor, Rosa Parks的具体贡献及影响。‎ ‎21. A 细节理解题。根据Jane Addams部分的Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.可知Jane Addams在历史上主要以她的社会工作而出名，贡献A.‎ ‎22.C 本小题考查考生理解文中具体信息的能力。‎ 首先迅速找到O’Connor段落。根据本段“she could not find work at a law firm because she ‎ was a woman”可知她被拒绝是因为她是女性，这是对女性的性别歧视。本题学生出错多半是因为discrimination一词不熟悉。‎ ‎23. D 细节理解题。根据Rosa Parks部分的It lasted for more than a year, and kicked off the civil-rights movement.可知Rosa Parks因在公交车上拒绝为白人让座而拉开了民权运动的序幕，所以她对美国民权运动做出了很大贡献，贡献D.‎ ‎24. C 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知Jane Addams是第一个获诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性；Rachel Carson的作品Silent Spring 提高了人们对污染的危险性和化学物质对人类和环境的危害性的认识；Sandra Day O’Connor是美国首位联邦最高法院女法官；Rosa Parks的行为拉开了民权运动的序幕；她们都是先锋者，故选C.‎ 推理判断题的解题方法：‎ 推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了做出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。此类题要求在理解表面文字的基础上，做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。‎ 另外hear 听见 hear of/about听说 hear from收到某人的来信 of/among+n/代词 表示范围 在所有的……中 outstanding杰出的 list n清单 v列清单 非谓语动词 n与后面的非谓语动词如果是主谓关系 那么非谓语动词用doing n与后面的非谓语动词如果是动宾关系 那么非谓语动词用done in/during the past 100 years在过去的100年里 ‎ ‎ thank/appreciate/grateful thank作为及物动词，常用搭配是thank sb (for sth / for doing sth)，如：‎ She said goodbye and thanked us for coming.‎ thank表示“感谢”，习惯上只接“人”作宾语，而不能接“事”作宾语：‎ 正：Thank you for your help.‎ 误：Thank your help.‎ 另外的用法：‎ ‎ have sb to thank for (doing) sth 归功于，如：‎ I have my parents to thank for my success.‎ appreciate作为“感激”解释时是及物动词，常用搭配：appreciate doing sth，后跟动名词或代词it代指的事情。习惯上只能接“事”作宾语(object)，而不能接“人”作宾语：‎ 正：I'd appreciate some help.‎ 误：I'd appreciate you for some help.‎ appreciate也指“欣赏”“意识到”‎ grateful没有相应的动词，它的常用搭配是be grateful to sb for sth，或者后面跟不定式或that从句，如：‎ I am extremely grateful to all the teachers for their help.‎ A sense of+n……感/意识 a sense of hunger饥饿感 responsibility责任感 humor幽默感 direction方向感 belonging归属感 shelter避难所 promote促进/推进/提升 people in need 需要帮助的人 in need需要帮助的/困难的 a friend in need is a friend indeed患难见真情 indeed确实 exist存在 there be=there exist raise举起，抬高/筹集/养育/提升 是及物动词 区别于rise上升 是个不及物动词 用于 日月云烟雾热气，河水物价温度计的上升 ‎ ‎ awareness意识 be aware of意识到 =be conscious of 意识到 effect on sb/sth对于……的影响 firm公司/坚固的 state州/国家/状况，情况 supreme最高的=top. Court法院 case案例/情形 set off出发/开始/引起/点燃 land n土地 v着陆/放……到……中 ‎ Boycott联合抵制 kick off踢开/使开始 civil公民的 -rights人权 right正确的/权利 Be tired with/from因为……而累 be tired of厌倦…… note n笔记 v 注意/记录 noted著名的 be noted for=be famous for=be known for因为……而出名 discriminate歧视 ‎ Financial财政的 make a contribution做出贡献 ‎ Grandparents Answer a Call As a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.‎ No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents.com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson’s decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.‎ ‎“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher ofGrand, a magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.”‎ Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.‎ ‎25. Why was Garza’s move a success?A A．It strengthened her family ties.‎ B．It improved her living conditions.‎ C．It enabled her to make more friends.‎ D．It helped her know more new places.‎ ‎26. What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision?D A．17% expressed their support for it.‎ B．Few people responded sympathetically.‎ C．83% believed it had a bad influence.‎ D．The majority thought it was a trend.‎ ‎27. What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?C A．They were unsure of themselves.‎ B．They were eager to raise more children.‎ C．They wanted to live away from their parents.‎ D．They had little respect for their grandparents.‎ ‎28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?A A. Make decisions in the best interests of their own.‎ B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them.‎ C. Sacrifice for their struggling children.‎ D. Get to know themselves better 短文分析：本文是一篇关于人与社会问题的报道类夹叙夹议文本，通过描述部分祖父母选择搬去和孩子们生活在一起，以便为孩子们提供帮助 ，引发更多人的选择与思考。包含了考查考生对某种社会现象的观察与思考能力，同时弘扬了爱幼与尊老的美德。题目设置上考查了获取细节类具体信息的能力，同时也考查了考生对某个事实的理解判断能力。考生可根据题干问题，定位有效信息，再进行甄别思考。‎ ‎25. A 本小题考查考生理解文中具体信息的能力。‎ 根据第一段最后一句“Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate ‎ cities.”可知这次搬家给他们带来了更紧密的家庭联系。‎ ‎26. D 本小题考查考生理解文中具体信息的能力。‎ 根据第二段结尾处“...83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson’s decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.”可知83%的人认为Mrs. Robinson的决定会影响美国家庭，2/3的人相信更多家庭会效仿，所以“多数人认为这是一种趋势。”‎ ‎27. C 本小题考查考生简单判断和推理的能力。‎ 根据第三段第一句“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,”可知那时的人们一心希望离家越远越好、越快越好。本题出错主要原因在于考生对“can’t...enough表示越……越好”不熟悉，而按字面理解成了“没能力离家足够远”。‎ ‎28. A 本小题考查作者的观点态度。‎ 第四段首句“Moving is not for everyone”已经说明“移居并非适合每一个人”，再结合下文“Having yourgrandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.”可知“（祖父母）得知孩子们在异地艰苦的生活，是很难过的，但（祖父母）放弃自己熟悉的生活也许会更难过”，所以推断出作者建议“作选择时要慎重，要以自己最大的需求为衡量标准”。‎ 备考建议：社会现象类的文本是备考的重要部分，此类文本不仅要求学生读懂事实信息，还要理解作者的意图态度。所以备考中注意扫清用词句式等阅读障碍，更要教会学生读懂字里行间话外之音。题目设置上既关注细节信息，又关注推理判断和观点态度。‎ 另外 ‎ Make a call打电话 answer a call接电话 native本地人 genaration代 only+状语(时间状语/方式状语……)位于句首，句子用半倒装 (即be动词，助动词，情态动词提前)如:only in this way, can we get into a good university. 视……为……regard/treat/consider/view/think of/take sth as sth treat him as my best friend separate分离的，分开的 statistics 数据 evidence证据 suggest建议/暗示/表明=show trend趋势 care for=look after=take care of照顾 20世纪80年代 in the 1980S/in the 1980‘S 分数表达:子基母序，分子大于1.分母加S.加连字符不加连字符都行 1/3 one third 2/3 two thirds On one‘s own某人自己 be willing to sth愿意做某事 make.sacrifice做出牺牲 instead反而；代替；反倒 struggle挣扎 enable sb to do sth使某人做某事 strengen加强 tie v系n领带，关系 reaction反应 respond回应 sympathetic同情的 sympath同情 ‎ We were a little wild and couldnot get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own. 注意特殊句式 cannot do ……too/enough……无论怎么做也不过分 I cannot praise this film highly enough.=I cannot praise this film too much.=I can hardly praise this film too highly.这部电影无论怎样赞扬都不过分。 Cannot中的not可以 与hardly,never等替换。 Interest兴趣/利息，利益，好处 C I am peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cellcourier. Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips—of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞)in my little box because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.‎ I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve got some bad news for you — there are no flights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient — please, please, you’ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed (改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.‎ For this courier job, you’re consciously aware that in that box you’ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody’s life.‎ ‎29. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph1?‎ A. provider         B. delivery man    C. collector       D. medical doctor ‎30. Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?‎ A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.‎ B. The donor can only wait for that long.‎ C. The operation needs that much time.‎ D. The ice won’t last any longer.‎ ‎31. Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?‎ A. To London.    B. To Newark.       C. To Providence.    D. To Washington.‎ 短文分析：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述作者是一名志愿者，在一次运送干细胞时遭遇到飓风，航班推迟，在机场工作人员热心帮助下改道Newark顺利完成任务的故事。无论是作者的志愿者身份，还是机场工作人员的无私帮助，都体现了助人为乐予人玫瑰的积极思想。本文无论是文章内容还是题目设置，都比较简单。‎ 试题分析：‎ ‎29. B 本小题考查考生词义猜测的能力。‎ 根据“...I’ve done 89 trips of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box...”可知我的任务就是运送干细胞，所以猜测词义为“运送人员”。‎ ‎30. D 本小题考查考生理解文中具体信息的能力。‎ 根据第一段“...because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last”可知作者的两个冰袋只能维持这么长时间。‎ ‎31. B 本小题考查考生理解文中具体信息的能力。‎ 根据第二段“She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed me through Newark...”可知作者途经Newark再返回UK。此题考生出错主要是被“...got me back to the UK”所干扰，忽视了细节。‎ 备考建议：记叙文属于高考必备篇目。本题型通常文本较简单，多采用第一人称视角，给考生以身临其境的直观感受。题目设置上以考查具体信息为主。备考时主要培养学生阅读速度与精度，考查学生是否能迅速抓住大意并准确找到题目出处的能力和适当结合文章内容推理判断等的能力。‎ 另外 Stem cell干细胞 stem茎stem from来源于……‎ Courier 导游/信使(传递信息或文件的)/通讯员 pack n包裹 v打包 harvest收获/获得 implant移植 at most至多 at least至少 hurricane飓风 be conscious of=be aware of意识到 有觉悟 consciously 自觉地，有意识地 be/get caught被困 pick up捡起/搭载/偶然学到 check-in desk检查台 be meant to do sth 应该做某事/命中注定做某事 flight航班 urgent急切的，迫切的 hold握住/容纳/举办/保留，保存 original最初的 schedual n时刻表 v安排 stay away from 与……保持距离/远离…… last v持续 operation手术/操作 ‎ Compete竞争 complete adj完整的 v完成 complete with 具有配套的……‎ The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with ‎ conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.‎ Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.‎ Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.‎ Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.‎ ‎32.What does the author say about silence in conversations?‎ A. It implies anger.              B. It promotes friendship.‎ C. It is culture-specific.           D. It is content-based.‎ ‎33.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?‎ A. The Chinese.    B. The French.    C. The Mexicans.     D. The Russians.‎ ‎34.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?‎ A. Let it continue as the patient pleases.‎ B. Break it while treating patients.‎ C. Evaluate its harm to patients.‎ D. Make use of its healing effects.‎ ‎35.What may be the best title for the text?‎ A. Sound and Silence B. What It Means to Be Silent C. Silence to Native Americans D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold 短文分析：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了沉默在不同文化中的不同含义以及对沉默的积极利用。考查了学生对不熟悉事物的理解能力，搞清是什么、为什么、怎么用。同时这篇素材也是对学生跨文化交际意识培养的积极暗示。‎ 试题分析：‎ ‎32.C 本小题考查考生把握文章大意的能力。其实就是解决“是什么”的问题。‎ 沉默是什么？根据文章前三段段首句“The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups”“Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people”和“Other cultures may use silence in other ways...”可知沉默在不同文化中是有特定含义的。‎ ‎33.A 本小题考查考生理解文中具体信息的能力。‎ 根据第二段最后一句“In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.”可知，这些文化中沉默代表思考。再结合上文，“这些文化”包括“Many Native Americans...some traditional Chinese and Thai persons”。本题部分考生出错的原因是对reflection一词词义不熟悉，没能迅速找到关键定位词。‎ ‎34.D 本小题考查考生理解文中具体信息的能力。‎ 根据最后一句“A nurse who understands the healingvalue of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.”可知作者建议医护人员要利用沉默的治愈价值。‎ ‎35.B 本小题考查考生把握全文主旨大意的能力。‎ 最佳标题解决的还是“是什么”的问题，通篇都在介绍沉默的不同含义，故答案不难选出。‎ 备考建议：说明文通常介绍的主体较陌生、话题较生疏、词汇偏生僻，在备考中学生首要任务就是务必搞清楚文章说了什么，即“是什么”，有时还要明白来龙，即“为什么”，还可能要理解它的去脉，即“怎么用”。此类文本通常较枯燥，考验学生的阅读品质，词汇量也是制约学生得分的重要因素。‎ Vary v 变化，使不同 various各种各样的 empty空的/无聊的=boring stubborn顽固的 uneasy不安的 conversation谈话 extremely极度的 attempt尝试，试图 make an attempt to do sth企图去做某事 fill填充 be filled with=be full of充满 value n价值 v重视basic基本的 imply暗示=suggest consider考虑 continue=go on继续 reflect反思 particular尤其的 deal with=do with处理 conflict争端，纠纷 relationship关系 power权力/影响力 party聚会/当事人/党派 topic话题，议题 introduction介绍 in authority权威 rather than而不是 argue with sb与某人争论 come across 碰到，遇到 anxiety焦虑 construction建造/解释 interrupt=disturb打扰 assist帮助 unnecessarily不必要的 heal治愈 cure治愈 treat治疗 please v 讨好，使高兴 evaluate评估 make use of sth充分利用…… silver银 gold金 ‎ 阅读理解: 紧扣关键词 主旨大意题 选跟文章吻合的尽可能多的关键词，但注意范围不能不大也不能太小。‎ 细节理解题 把握特定词，回归原文 有比较混淆的选项 注意选跟主旨大意的关键词更接近的那个选项