高考英语情态动词专题复习 16页

情态动词精品学案 情态动词解读: ‎ ① 本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词。‎ ② 不能单独作谓语。‎ ③ 和其他动词原形构成谓语。‎ ④ 谓语动词之前。‎ ⑤ 无人称和数的变化。‎ ⑥ 否定式构成是在情态动词后面加“not”。‎ ⑦ 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式可以用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。 ‎ 经典例句：‎ ‎ We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。 ‎ ‎ May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？ ‎ ‎ Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗？ ‎ ‎ How dare you treat us like that! 你怎么敢那样对待我们! ‎ ‎ We can't carry the heavy box. 我们搬不动那箱子。 ‎ 情态动词考点：‎ 1. 情态动词表示推测。‎ 2. 情态动词的基本用法。‎ 3. 情态动词的答语。‎ 常见情态动词：‎ 情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 ‎ 情态动词的基本用法：‎ 一、 can, could ‎1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）时，等于be able to 。‎ a) Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）‎ b) Are you able to lift this heavy box?‎ c) Mary can speak three languages.（知识）‎ d) Is Mary able to speak three languages?‎ e) Can you skate?（技能）‎ 此时可用be able to代替。‎ ‎2) can表示请求和允许。‎ ‎-----Can I go now? ‎ ‎----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. ‎ ‎ 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。（特别注明：这是在表示请求和允许的时候。）‎ ‎---- Could I come to see you tomorrow? ‎ ‎---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )‎ can't在否定句中可以表示命令，不允许，但是语气比mustn't弱，具有劝慰的意思.‎ ‎3)can表示“有时会”：‎ A kind person can lose temper sometimes.‎ ‎4）表示与五种感官和知觉的动词连用。‎ I can hear/ see you clearly from here. ‎ You can imagine how annoyed she was !‎ ‎5）can 与be able to 的区别 ‎①Can只有一般现在时（can）和一般过去式（could）；而be able to则有更多的时态。‎ I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.‎ ‎②当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事(此事一般是一次性的，具体指的是某件事经过努力做成了)”时应用be able ‎ to，不能用Can。‎ 经典例句：‎ He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.‎ He was able to survive the fire because he was brave.‎ 经典练习 ‎1.(2010全国卷I 29). Just be patient .You_____________ except the world to change so soon.‎ A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. will not ‎ ‎3. (2009北京卷) One of the few things you ___ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.‎ A. need B. must C. should D. can ‎4. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone __________ get out.  ‎ A. had to  B. would  C. could  D. was able to  ‎ ‎5.【2012全国卷II】⒘ I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I ___ find the money.‎ ‎ A. can B. might C. would D. need ‎（2011四川卷）20. The police still haven’t found the lost child, but they’re doing all they ______. . ‎ ‎ A. can B. may C. must D. should ‎6、(2006湖南卷)32.Some aspects of a pilot’s job ________ be boring, and pilots often _______ work at inconvenient hours.‎ ‎ A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must ‎7. The biggest problem for most plants, which ______ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. (07湖南)‎ ‎ A. shan’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t ‎ 二、 may, might （非高考重点，考查较少）‎ ‎ 1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。‎ ‎----Might/ May I smoke in this room? ‎ ‎---- No, you mustn’t.‎ ‎---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?‎ ‎---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )‎ 用May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。‎ ‎2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。（May + 主语+动词原形）‎ May you succeed!‎ 经典例题：‎ ‎(2010四川卷3). — I take the book out?‎ ‎— I'm afraid not.‎ A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need 三、 must, have to ‎1) 表示“必须”；否定形式mustn’t，表示“禁止”。‎ You must come in time.‎ ‎ You mustn’t tell anyone about this——it’s a secret. ‎ ‎2) 硬要；偏要 ‎ If you must drink so much , of course you’ll feel sick. ‎ ‎3 ) must 与have to 的区别：must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have to ‎ 有更多的时态形式。don’t have to =needn’t 经典例题：‎ ‎1. (2005全国卷1)26. Tom, you leave all your clothes on the floor like this !‎ ‎ A. wouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not ‎ ‎2. (2006浙江卷)19. — Could I have a word with you, mum?‎ ‎ — Oh dear, if you ________.‎ ‎ A. can B. must C. may D. should ‎3. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you___ take care of your luggage. (2007北京卷)‎ A. can B. may C. must D. will ‎4. — What do you think we can do for our aged parents?‎ ‎— You ________ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. (2007重庆卷)‎ A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to C. mustn’t D. can’t 四． dare, need ‎1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。‎ 1． How dare you say I’m unfair?‎ 2． He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?‎ 3． If we dared not go there that day， we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.‎ ‎2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。‎ ‎1．You needn’t come so early.‎ ‎2. ---- Need I finish the work today?‎ ‎ ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.‎ ‎3) dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、数和时态的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。‎ ‎1. I dare to swim across this river.‎ ‎2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.‎ ‎3. He needs to finish his homework today.‎ 经典例题：‎ ‎1. I wonder how he ___ that to the teacher.‎ ‎ A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say ‎2. (2011上海卷) 28. I _____ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.‎ ‎ A. can’t B. mustn’t C. daren’t D. needn’t ‎3.【2012全国】30. I _use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.‎ A. couldn't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't ‎4.【2012天津】8. It’s quite warm here; we _____ turn the heating on yet.‎ A. couldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. wouldn’t ‎ 五、 shall ‎1) shall 用于第一、第三人称疑问句，征求对方的意见。‎ 经典例句：‎ What shall we do this evening?‎ ‎2) shall 用于第二、三人称陈述句，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。‎ 经典例句：‎ You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)‎ He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)‎ He shall be punished.(威胁)‎ ‎ 经典例题：‎ ‎1. (2010江苏卷25). — I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month.‎ ‎ — Don’t worry. You______ have it by Friday.‎ A. could B. shall C. must D. may ‎ ‎2.（2011陕西卷）24.—Will you read me a story ,Mummy? ‎ ‎--OK. You________ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. ‎ A. might B. must C. could D. shall ‎3.【2012辽宁】24. One of our rules is that every student ____ wear school uniform while at school.‎ A. might B. could C. shall D. will 六、 will, would ‎1) 用于第二人称疑问句表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。‎ Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?‎ ‎2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。‎ ‎1. I will never do that again.‎ ‎2. They asked him if he would go abroad. ‎ ‎3）will表习惯、倾向或反复发生的动作。如： ‎ John will fall asleep in church. 约翰做礼拜时老睡觉。 ‎ ‎ Gold won't dissolve in hydrochloric acid. 金在盐酸中不溶解。‎ ‎4) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。used to也可表示“过去常常”，不表明现在的情况。‎ ‎1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.‎ ‎2. The wound would not heal.‎ 经典例题：‎ ‎1. I am busy now, _______ my brother do it for you ?‎ A. Will B. Shall C. Must D. May ‎2. — Please don’t make a noise. — _____. I’ll be as quiet as a mouse. A. Yes, I won’t B. No, I won’t C. No, I will D. Yes, I will 七、 should, ought to ‎1) should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。‎ ‎1. I should help her because she is in trouble.‎ ‎2. You ought to take care of the baby.‎ ‎2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。‎ ‎1. You should / ought to go to class right away.‎ ‎2. Should I open the window?‎ 经典例题：‎ ‎1. — What do you think we can do for our aged parents?‎ ‎— You ________ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. (2007重庆卷)‎ A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to C. mustn’t D. can’t ‎2.(2008上海卷)29.  According to the air traffic rules, you ___ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. may B. can C. would D. should ‎3. (2009四川卷)— I don’t care what people think.‎ ‎— Well, you _______. ‎ A. could B. would C. should D. might 八．情态动词表示推测 情态动词 ‎ 对现在 对将来 对过去 陈述句肯定的推测（ must ）‎ V V have done/been 陈述句否定的推测（can’t/ couldn’t）‎ V V have done/been 陈述句可能的推测（may/might/could/should）‎ V V have done/been 疑问句的推测（ can/could ）‎ V V have done/been 经典例句：‎ 1) ‎--Do you know Ms. Wang likes walking after supper?  --Sure. She must be walking around the campus now.‎ 2) It must have rained last night for it was wet in the street.    ‎ 3) She can’t be serious about it.‎ 4) What can they mean by saying that?‎ 5) The room is in such a terrible mess. It can’t have been cleaned as the landlady said.    ‎ 6) He could be very naughty when he was a child.‎ 7) In those days, a lot of scientists thought that the sun could go around the earth.‎ 8) It’s nearly seven o’clock, Jack should be here at any moment.‎ 突破方法： 1.体会推测的内涵，熟记各情态动词的词义。2.确定所推测动作发生的时间。‎ 经典例题：‎ ‎1. ( 2005北京卷)26. He __________ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.‎ ‎ A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t ‎2. (2005广东卷)33. — I've taken someone else's green sweater by mistake.‎ ‎ — It ______ Harry's. He always wears green.‎ ‎ A. has to be B. will be C. mustn't be D. could be ‎3. (2005湖北卷)32. — Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.‎ ‎ — Well . He have gone far— his coat’s still here.‎ ‎ A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t ‎ ‎4. (2005江西卷)22. — Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today? ‎ ‎ — Something ________ to him.‎ ‎ A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened ‎5. (2005上海卷)27. There _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.‎ A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t ‎6. — Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.‎ ‎ — You it in the wrong place. (2007江西卷)‎ ‎ A. must put B. should have put C .might put D. might have put ‎7.(2010辽宁卷26). Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise.‎ A. can B. will C. must D. may ‎8.（2011北京卷）24. - I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him?‎ ‎ - Don’t worry. He __________ come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.‎ ‎ A. must not B. need not C. would not D. might not ‎9.【2012全国】30. I _use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.‎ A. couldn't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. needn't ‎10.【2012辽宁】24. One of our rules is that every student ____ wear school uniform while at school.‎ A. might B. could C. shall D. will ‎11. "When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon." "They _____ be ready by 12:00."‎ A. can                        B. should C. might                     D. need ‎12. A(2006全国卷I)24. There's no light on — they______ be at home.‎ ‎ A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't ‎13. (2006天津卷)11. We _____ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.‎ ‎ A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t 九．“情态动词+have done”用法 情态动词+have done 用法 例句 must have done 表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必，准是，一定做了某事”‎ 1． She must have gone through a lot.‎ 2． He must have visited the White House during his stay in the United States.‎ may/might have done 表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经（没有）……“。一般用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句。用might则表示语气更加不肯定。‎ 1． You may have learnt the news.‎ 2． He may not have heard his name called.‎ 3． Sorry I’m late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.‎ can…have done cannot have done 表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。（can换成could时语气委婉）‎ 1． Where can she have gone?‎ 2． Could he have done such a foolish thing?‎ 3． The boy can’t have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.‎ could have done 可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经……”之意，此外，还可以表示过去能做而没做的事，有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜。‎ 1． He could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed.‎ 2． You could have been more considerate.‎ 3． You could have done better, but you were too careless.‎ might have done 表示“本来可能……，但实际上没有发生的事情”。另外，还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。‎ 1． You should not swim in that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark.‎ 2． He might have given him more help, thought he ‎ was busy.‎ should/ought to have done 用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。‎ 1． He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.‎ 2． You shouldn’t have done it so carelessly.‎ 3． You ought to have returned the book earlier.‎ needn’t have done 表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意：didn’t need to do表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”‎ 1． You needn’t have watered the plants, for it is going to rain.‎ 2． I didn’t need to buy the dictionary. I had a copy at home.‎ had better have done 用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”，其否定式had better not have done表示相反的含义。‎ 1． You had better have started earlier.‎ 2． You had better not have scolded her.‎ would rather have done 表示“当时宁愿做了某事”，其否定式would rather not have done表示相反的含义，两者都表示“后悔”之意。‎ ‎1．I would rather have taken his advice.‎ ‎2．I would rather not have told him the truth.‎ 经典例题：‎ ‎1. (2005山东卷)34. He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. ‎ A. could B. would C. must D. need ‎2. (2005辽宁卷)26. This cake is very sweet. You __________ a lot of sugar in it.‎ ‎ A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put ‎3. (2006江西卷)24. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _______ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. ‎ ‎ A. should have taken B. could have taken C. needn't have taken D, mustn't have taken ‎4. My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where I have put it? (2007福建卷)‎ A.can B.must C.should D.would ‎5. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there. (2007陕西卷)‎ A.could B.must C.might D.should ‎6. (2008辽宁卷)22. Peter ______ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.‎ A. shall B. should C. can D. must ‎7. (2009江苏卷)He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _____ it differently. ‎ A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed ‎8.【2012江西】22. We ____ have bought so much food now that Suzie won’t be with us for dinner.‎ A. may not B. needn’t C. can’t D. mustn’t ‎ 十.情态动词的答语：‎ ‎1) 表示请求和允许。‎ ‎-----Can I go now? ‎ ‎----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t. ‎ 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。（特别注明：这是在表示请求和允许的时候。）‎ ‎---- Could I come to see you tomorrow? ‎ ‎---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )‎ ‎2) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。‎ ‎----Might/ May I smoke in this room? ‎ ‎---- No, you mustn’t.‎ ‎---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?‎ ‎---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )‎ 用May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。‎ ‎3）在回答must引出的问句时，如果是肯定的用must；如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）.‎ ‎---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?‎ ‎---- Yes, you must.‎ ‎---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.‎ ‎4）在回答need引出的问句时，如果是肯定的用must；如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）.‎ ‎---- Need I finish the work today?‎ ‎ ---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.‎ 高考连接：‎ ‎1. (2005江苏卷)31. — The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.‎ ‎— Oh, dear! She _______ a lot of difficulties!‎ A. may go through B. might go through C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through ‎2. (2006陕西卷)19.As you worked late yesterday, you _________ have come this morning.‎ ‎ A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t ‎ ‎3. — How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?‎ ‎ — It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted. (2007全国卷I)‎ ‎ A. will B. would C. should D. must ‎ ‎4. — Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. (2007上海卷)‎ ‎ — Great! You ______ read widely and put a lot of work into it.‎ ‎ A. must B. should C. must have D. should have ‎5. The teacher _______have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn't have wasted time on him, I suppose. (2007安徽卷)‎ ‎ A. should B. can C. would D. must ‎6. — She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam. (2007江苏卷)‎ ‎ — I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.‎ ‎ A. should B. could C. must D. might ‎7. The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow. (2007上海春)‎ ‎ A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t ‎8. — My cat’s really fat.‎ ‎ — You ______ have given her so much food. (2007浙江卷)‎ ‎ A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t ‎ ‎9. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you.‎ ‎ A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed.(2008山东卷)24‎ ‎10. (2009辽宁卷) The traffic is heavy these days. I arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?‎ A. can B. must C. need D. might ‎11.(2011全国卷I) 32. They ________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.‎ ‎ A. will B. can C. must D. should ‎12.（2011陕西卷）22.I__________through that bitter period without your generous help. ‎ A. couldn’t have gone B. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone ‎13. (2008江苏卷)35. — I’m sorry. I ______ at you the other day.‎ ‎— Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.‎ A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout C. mustn’t have shouted ‎14. — What do you think we can do for our aged parents?‎ ‎— You ________ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. (2007重庆卷)‎ A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to C. mustn’t D. can’t ‎15. (2006福建卷)27.If it were not for the fact that she _______ sing, I would invite her to the party.‎ ‎ A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not ‎16. (2006上海春)26. You know he is not going to let us leave early if we ___ get the work done.‎ ‎ A. can't B. may not C. shouldn't D. mustn't ‎17. (2006北京卷)25. — What’s the name?‎ ‎— Khulaifi. _______ I spell that for you?‎ ‎ A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might ‎18. (2006全国卷2)10. We hope that as many people as possible _______ join us for the picnic tomorrow.‎ ‎ A. need B. must C. should D. can ‎19. (2005浙江卷)9. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _________be very slow.‎ ‎ A. should B. must C. will D. can ‎20.(2006广东卷)22. — Must he come to sign this paper himself? ‎ ‎ — Yes, he ______.‎ ‎ A. need B. must C. may D. will ‎21. (2006山东卷)30. — May I smoke here?‎ ‎ — If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.‎ ‎ A. should B. could C. may D. must ‎22.The little girl ____ out in the dark at night. ‎ A. dares not go B. dare not go C. does not dare going D. dares not to go ‎23.(2010辽宁卷26). Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise.‎ A. can B. will C. must D. may ‎24.(2010重庆卷 21).You park here! It’s an emergency exit.‎ A. wouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t ‎25.（2011全国卷II）8. If you _______ smoke, please go outside.‎ ‎ A. can B. should C. must D. may