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  • 2021-05-14 发布

高考英语语法专题考点练习动词时态语态

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英语语法专题复习动词时态语态 考点一、一般现在时 ‎1.表述客观真理和客观存在及自然现象;表示习惯性、经常性的动作,或经常存在的状态。常见的时间状语有:often,usually,always,sometimes,now and then等。‎ The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.‎ 太阳从东方升起,从西边落下。‎ My parents live in Hong Kong.They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.‎ 我的父母住在香港。他们在那里出生而且从未在别的地方生活过。‎ ‎2.可用在由if,unless引导的条件状语从句;由even if/though引导的让步状语从句;由when,before,until/till,as soon as,the moment引导的时间状语从句;由no matter what/who/when/where/how或whatever,whoever 等引导的让步状语从句中,这时主句往往表将来或主句是祈使句。‎ My parents have promised to come to see me before I leave for Africa. ‎ 我父母已经答应在我去非洲之前来看我。‎ Whatever you say,I will not change my mind.‎ 无论你说什么,我都不会改变主意。‎ 考点二、一般过去时 一般过去时表示过去的事情、动作或状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用(或上下文语境有暗示);用于表示过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。‎ ‎—I've got to go now.‎ ‎——现在我必须走了。‎ ‎—Must you?I thought you could stay for dinner with us.‎ ‎——你必须走吗?我认为你要留下来和我们一起吃饭。‎ Excuse me,I didn't realize I was blocking your way.‎ 抱歉,我不知道挡了你的路。‎ The book has been translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973.‎ 该书自从1973年上市以来已被译成三十种语言。 ‎ 考点三、现在完成时 ‎1.在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。‎ ‎—When shall we restart our business?(2010年高考四川卷)‎ ‎——我们何时恢复我们的业务?‎ ‎—Not until we have finished our plan.‎ ‎——直到我们完成计划。‎ I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.‎ 除非我亲眼看到,我是不会相信你的。‎ ‎2.现在完成时除可以和for 或since引导的状语连用外,还可以和下面的介词短语连用:during/in/over the last(past)few years(months,weeks),in recent years 等。‎ 下列句型中常用现在完成时:‎ It is(has been)+一段时间+since从句 This(That/It)is the first(second...)time that+完成时 This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.‎ 这是我们全家第一次到电影院去看电影。‎ For many years,people have dreamed of electric cars.However,making them has been ‎ more difficult than predicted.‎ 多年以来,人们都梦想着电力汽车的出现。但是,制造电力汽车比预想的要难的多。‎ 考点四、过去完成时 ‎1.表示“一……就……”的几个固定句型:Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had+主语+过去分词+when/than/before+从句(一般过去时)。 ‎ Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down.‎ 我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。‎ ‎2.by,by the end,by the time,until,before,since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句,主句用过去完成时。 ‎ By the end of last year,another new cinema had been built in our city.‎ 到去年年底,我们城市又建了一个新电影院。‎ ‎3.表示愿望、打算类的词,如hope,expect,mean,intend,want,think等,用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图等。‎ I had meant to help you,but I was too busy at the moment.‎ 我本打算帮助你,但当时我太忙了。‎ I had intended to call on you yesterday,but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.‎ 我昨天本来要去看你的,但是刚要出门就有人来访。‎ 考点五、进行时 ‎1.现在进行时 表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作;表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时的一个动作;表近期特定的安排或计划;go,come等表示起止动作的动词可用进行时表示将来时。‎ Teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much.‎ 青少年们正在损害自己的健康,因为他们玩的电脑游戏太多了。‎ He is always thinking of others first.(表赞赏)‎ 他总是先为别人着想。‎ He is always making the same mistake.(表厌烦)‎ 他总是犯同样的错误。‎ ‎—I'm not finished with my dinner yet.‎ ‎——我还没有吃完饭呢。‎ ‎—But our friends are waiting for us.‎ ‎——可是朋友们在等我们。‎ ‎2.过去进行时 ‎(1)表示当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。‎ ‎—Hey,look where you are going?‎ ‎——嘿,看看你往哪儿走?‎ ‎—Oh ,I'm terribly sorry.I wasn't noticing. ‎ ‎——噢!非常抱歉!我没注意。‎ ‎(2)某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生,其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。持续性动作用过去进行时,短暂性动作用一般过去时。‎ Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking.‎ 当没人注意的时候,汤姆溜进屋来。‎ The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it.‎ 那位记者说,当他看到时,不明飞行物正在自东向西飞行。‎ ‎3.将来进行时 将来进行时可用于表示将来某个时刻正在发生的动作或者将来某一段时间内正在进行的动作。将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。这些常见的标志性状语有:at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow,from 1:30 to 4:30 tomorrow等。‎ Daniel's family will be enjoying their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.‎ 丹尼尔的家人下星期的这时将正在黄山度假。‎ If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring,you will be eating fresh watermelon in the fall.‎ 如果在春天种下西瓜种子,秋天你就会吃到新鲜的西瓜。‎ ‎4.现在完成进行时 ‎(1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且现在还在进行。‎ I have to see the doctor because I have been coughing a lot lately.‎ 我得去看医生,因为我近来一直咳嗽得很厉害。‎ I have been learning English since three years ago.‎ 三年以来我一直在学英语。(现在还在学)‎ The workers have been building the bridge for five months.‎ 工人们建造这座桥已经5个月了。(现在还在修建)‎ ‎(2)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,在说话时刚刚结束。‎ Where have you been?We have been looking for you everywhere.‎ 你刚才去了哪里?我们一直在到处找你。‎ 考点六、被动语态 ‎1.get+过去分词表被动 He fell and got hurt.‎ 他摔倒且受伤了。‎ ‎2.主动形式表被动意义 ‎(1)系动词look,feel,sound,smell,taste,seem,appear,go,prove,turn等+形容词/名词。 ‎ Ice feels cold.冰摸上去凉。‎ His plan proved(to be)practical.‎ 他的计划被证明实用。‎ ‎(2)表示主语的某种属性的词:read,write,act,cut,draw,drive,sell,wash,clean,wear,open,cook,lock,look,shut等。‎ The books sell well.这些书畅销。‎ The door won't lock.门锁不上。‎ This coat dries easily.这种外衣容易干。‎ 语法训练 ‎1.(2011年高考北京卷)Tom________in the library every night over the last three months.‎ A.works        B.worked C.has been working D.had been working ‎ 解析:句意:在过去的三个月里,汤姆每天晚上都在图书馆工作。根据时间状语over the last three months 可知,本句应该用现在完成进行时,故C项正确。A项为一般现在时,B项为一般过去时,D项为过去完成进行时。‎ 答案:C ‎2.(2011年高考浙江卷)The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant ________ in his place ,but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.‎ A.gave B.gives C.was giving D.had given 解析:根据后置语境everything was going on smoothly 可知,空格处描述的是当时的情景,所以要用过去进行时态。句意:经理对于他的助手代替他举行的新闻发布会感到焦虑,所幸的是,一切进展顺利。‎ 答案:C ‎ ‎3.(2011年高考北京卷)-Bob has gone to California.‎ ‎-Oh,can you tell me when he________?‎ A.has left B.left C.is leaving D.would leave 解析:句意:“鲍勃已经去了加利福尼亚。”“哦,你能告诉我他什么时候走的吗?”根据第二句中的连接词 when 可知,这里问动作发生的时间,因此应该用一般过去时,可直接排除A、C、D三项,故选项B正确。‎ 答案:B ‎4.(2011年高考江苏卷)The fact that so many people still smoke in public places________that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.‎ A.suggest B.suggests C.suggested D.suggesting 解析:句意:仍有许多人在公共场所吸烟这一事实表明我们可能需要一次全国范围内的运动来提高人们对吸烟危害的认识。本句说明了一个现在存在的事实,故用一般现在时。主句的主语是 the fact,故谓语用动词的第三人称单数形式 suggests。suggest 在此句中的意思是“表明”,并非“建议”。‎ 答案:B ‎5.(2011年高考重庆卷)That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who________the piano upstairs? ‎ A.has played B.played ‎ C.plays D.is playing 解析:句意:那首乐曲听起来相当熟悉,谁正在楼上弹钢琴呢?根据句意,本题应用现在进行时。‎ 答案:D ‎6.(2012年日照检测)—Ann is in hospital.‎ ‎—Oh,really?I________know.I ________go and visit her.‎ A.didn't;am going to B.don't;would C.don't;will D.didn't;will 解析:第一空的“不知道”应该是过去不知道,现在已经知道了,要用一般过去时。be going to和will都可以表示将要发生的动作,be going to往往表示事先已计划或思考过的事情,而will常表示临时作出的决定,因此选D。‎ 答案:D ‎7.(2012年烟台模拟)Nowadays,we can obviously feel that the Internet ________our life rapidly.‎ A.had changed B.changed C.is changing D.was changing 解析:考查时态。句意:现在我们能很明显地感觉到网络正在迅速改变着我们的生活。根据语意和时间状语Nowadays可知用现在进行时。‎ 答案:C ‎8.—Sir,I'm here.‎ ‎—Please listen.I ________asking your parents to come our school,but I'd like to hear your opinion first.‎ A.have considered B.am going to consider C.considered D.have been considering 解析:句意:——老师,我在。——请听好。我一直在考虑让你父母来学校,但我想先听听你的意见。have been considering 是现在完成进行时,表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在并且还在进行。‎ 答案:D ‎ ‎9.(2012年宁波十校联考)My uncle ________in Taiwan for 20 years.Now he has settled down in mainland.‎ A.lived B.had lived C.has lived D.was living 解析:句意:我叔叔在台湾住了20年,他现在已经在大陆定居了。由Now he has settled可知他现在在大陆,所以表达“曾经在台湾”要用一般过去时。‎ 答案:A ‎10.(2012年郑州质量检测)It is believed that many more popular terms ________on the Internet this year.‎ A.will be created B.have created ‎ C.are created D.are creating 解析:考查时态和语态。句意“人们相信,今年的网络还会创造出更多的流行语。”结合句意以及句中的时间状语this year可知句子陈述的情况是将来会发生的,应用一般将来时。再结合句意,流行语将被创造出来,故用被动语态。‎ 答案:A ‎11.(2012年福州质量检测)—Excuse me,but I wonder if Joan is available at 3∶30 this afternoon.‎ ‎—I'm afraid she ________Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone.‎ A.will watch B.will be watching C.is to watch D.is watching 解析:考查时态。根据问话中的this afternoon可知是将来的时间,语意表示在三点半这个时刻Joan将正在看《哈利·波特与魔法石》,所以用将来进行时。‎ 答案:B ‎12.—May I speak to Mr.Williams at five tomorrow afternoon?‎ ‎—I'm sorry.He ________a conference then.‎ A.attends B.has attended ‎ C.would attend D.will be attending 解析:考查时态。答句中的then指代的是at five tomorrow afternoon,此处意为“明天下午五点那个时候他将正在开会”,故应用将来进行时。‎ 答案:D ‎13.(2012年济宁模拟)Turn on the TV or open a magazine and you ________advertisements showing happy,balanced families.‎ A.are often seeing B.often see C.will often see D.have often seen 解析:句意:打开电视或者杂志,你会看到体现幸福、和谐家庭的广告宣传。此处考查“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型。陈述句多用一般将来时。‎ 答案:C ‎14.Maybe it was because he ________to the radio,but he didn't notice the dark object in the road until it was too late.‎ A.was listening B.listened C.had listened D.would listen 解析:考查动词的时态。句意:可能是因为他当时正在听收音机,等他注意到路上有个黑色的物体时已经太晚了。根据语意以及第二个分句的时态可知应用过去进行时。‎ 答案:A ‎15.Mr.Smith ________these days.I think he should take a holiday before he burns out.‎ A.has been overworking B.overworked C.had overworked D.was overworking 解析:考查时态。结合本句中的时间状语these days以及下一句中的时态可知史密斯先生这些天一直在过度工作,所以用现在完成进行时。‎ 答案:A w.w.w.GkStK.c.o.m www.GkStK.com