2018高考英语语法填空名词提示的解题技巧和跟踪训练题含解析 14页

‎2018高考英语语法填空：名词提示的解题技巧和跟踪训练题（含解析）‎ 高考英语语法填空******有提示词的解题技巧 ‎【括号内提供的是名词】‎ ‎①括号内提供的如果是名词，尤其是单数名词，就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a，an，the)、物主代词(my，your，his等)、指示代词(this，that等)、不定代词(few，little，many，much，all，each，every，both，neither，other等)、名词所有格或形容词等对名词进行修饰。‎ ‎②相反，如果给出的名词是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后，则应考虑填名词。但不要忘记，要考虑名词是否变复数，是否用所有格形式等。如：‎ One of my father’s favorite ________(say)as I was growing up was“Try it！”‎ 答案　sayings 这道题主要考查考生在特定语境中正确使用名词复数的能力。考查考生是否知道“one of＋名词的复数形式”在句子中作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ 本句中as引导时间状语从句，表达的功能是“时空”概念。该从句没有直接放在主句之后，而是进行了插入，放在了主句的主语之后，进行强调。完整的主句是：One of my father’s favorite ________(say)was “Try it”．从该句的主系表结构中可以看出，one of my father’s favorite ________(say)在句子中作主语。‎ say要做两次转换：首先要转换成为名词；再将名词转为相应的复数形式。say的名词是saying，其复数形式是sayings。考生如果写对了saying只是做到了词形正确，同时还要保持单词的正确。所以正确答案是sayings。‎ ‎③当括号内提供的是名词时，还可能考查形容词。如：‎ There，my voice sounds really ________(wonder) because there’s a slight echo to it.‎ 答案　wonderful　括号内提供的是名词，但此空作系动词sounds的表语，所以要使用形容词形式。‎ 有时也可能考查副词、动词等。如：‎ A certain man planted a rose and watered it ________(faith)and before it blossomed，he examined it.‎ 答案　faithfully　‎ 括号内提供的是名词，但此空在句中作状语，修饰动词watered，所以要变成副词。注意：先将名词faith变成形容词faithful，然后再变成副词faithfully。‎ 跟踪训练题 A ‎(2015·河北五校联盟质监)‎ Mike：I’d like to buy a computer. Could you please give me __1__ advice?‎ Rose：Yes, with __2__(please). I’ve got some information about computers. Computers with a P4 work much __3__(fast) than other ones.‎ Mike：How about computers with a P3?‎ Rose：Oh, very good，__4__ they don’t work as fast as P4 computers, yet they are much cheaper. Generally __5__(speak), they can meet people’s __6__ (need) very well.‎ Mike：I think I __7__ buy the fastest one I can get. My old computer was out of work lately. It __8__(work) slowly. I’ve got tired of that working speed.‎ Rose：I don’t think __9__ is necessary for you to buy the fastest one. It would be a waste of money. A P3 computer is __10__ (probable) good enough for you.‎ Mike：Thank you for your advice. Can you help me choose one?‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文为Mike与Rose之间的一段对话。Mike想买一台电脑，为此他向Rose征求建议。Rose建议他买一台既满足需要又便宜的使用英特尔奔腾Ⅲ处理器的电脑。‎ ‎1．some　[考查形容词。give sb some advice表示“给某人一些建议”。some用于疑问句时表示希望得到对方的肯定回答，此时不用any。]‎ ‎2．pleasure　[考查名词。with pleasure表示“当然了，很愿意”，是固定短语。]‎ ‎3．faster　[考查比较级。根据than的提示可知，此处应用比较级。]‎ ‎4．though/although　[考查连词。此处为让步状语从句，表示尽管使用英特尔奔腾Ⅲ处理器的电脑没有使用英特尔奔腾Ⅳ处理器的电脑速度快，但是它们更便宜。]‎ ‎5．speaking　[考查非谓语动词。generally speaking表示“一般来说”，为固定短语，在句中独立作状语。]‎ ‎6．needs　[考查名词。此处表示它们能够很好地满足人们的需要。]‎ ‎7．should　[考查情态动词。Mike觉得应该买运转最快的电脑。根据语境可知，应填should。]‎ ‎8．had worked　[考查过去完成时。根据前文中的“My old computer was out of work lately”可知，此处表示以前的电脑在坏掉前运转很慢，指“过去的过去”，因此使用过去完成时。]‎ ‎9．it　[考查代词。此处it作宾语从句中的形式主语，其后的不定式“to buy the fastest one”是真正的主语。]‎ ‎10．probably　[考查副词。此处用副词作状语。注意：该句中good作表语，不要误以为probable作表语。]‎ B ‎(2016·湖北省七校联考)A triathlon (三项全能运动) is a sports event which combines three sports, __1__(typical) running, biking, and swimming. During a triathlon, athletes finish all three sports without stopping __2__(beat) the clock. People of all ages and sizes can compete in triathlons. But much like other sports events, a lot of professional __3__(compete) rule the triathlon world. In addition, many triathlons __4__(hold) to benefit charity, much like marathons.‎ The modern triathlon appeared in California in __5__ 1970s. It usually begins with the swimming, __6__(follow) by cycling, and finally running. A triathlon tests the endurance (忍耐力) and speed of an athlete, as well as his or her ability to keep energy and focus __7__ the race as a whole. A triathlon competes against a clock, rather than against other athletes. A variation of the triathlon is a relay triathlon, __8__ a different athlete completes each stage.‎ The swimming stage takes place in a lake or the open ocean. As soon as athletes come out from the water, they change into cycling at the __9__(fast) speed to save time. After cycling, the athletes change shoes to run. The course is considered complete once the athletes __10__(cross) the finish line.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ ‎【参考答案】语法填空 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了三项全能运动是怎样的一项运动。‎ ‎1．typically　三项全能运动是一种包含三项运动的体育比赛，通常是赛跑、骑自行车和游泳。修饰动词应用副词typically“通常”。‎ ‎2．to beat　在三项全能运动中，为提前完成任务，运动员需要毫不停歇地完成所有的三项运动。根据句意可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎3．competitors　空处位于形容词professional后、谓语动词rule前，故要用名词。再根据句意“但是就像其他体育赛事一样，很多专业的参赛者掌控着三项全能运动领域”及前面的“a lot of”可知，此处要用表示人的名词competitor“参赛者”，且要用其复数形式。‎ ‎4．are held　此处描述的是现在的一般情况，要用一般现在时；此外，主语many triathlons与hold之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。‎ ‎5．the　现代三项全能运动于20世纪70年代出现在加利福尼亚。表示“在……世纪……年代”时要用定冠词the，这是固定用法。‎ ‎6．followed　它通常从游泳开始，接着是骑自行车，最后是赛跑。swimming与follow“跟随”之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词。‎ ‎7．on　focus on是固定词组，意为“集中注意力或精力于……”。‎ ‎8．where　三项全能运动的一种变化形式是接力三项全能运动，在这个运动中不同的运动员完成各自的部分。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，先行词是a relay triathlon，故填where。‎ ‎9．fastest　为了节省时间，运动员从水里一出来就以最快的速度改骑自行车。根据空前的“the”和空后的“to save time”可看出，此处要填fast的最高级形式。‎ ‎10．have crossed　根据常识可知，选手要在冲过终点线之后才能算完成比赛。故此处要用现在完成时。‎ C ‎(2015·大庆质检二)‎ Years ago, when I was a poor artist trying to sell my paintings in local galleries, I ‎ __1__(live) in the heart of a city. The rent for my apartment was really cheap __2__ it was in the middle of one of the busiest neighborhoods in town.People who visited me used to ask me __3__ I could sleep.“Doesn’t the sound of the traffic bother you? How can you get used to __4__ much noise？” You see, there were also rows and rows of shops and bars playing loud music day and night and my apartment was above a really loud and noisy __5__．But I found it all fascinating. If I were ever short __6__ cash and couldn’t afford to do anything much, which in those days was usually the case, I could always go outside and take __7__ look around. You see, there were always a great number of tourists visiting the shops, so I could always find someone __8__ (interest) to talk with. And Joe, the owner of the bar below me, could always give me a little money to survive on in exchange for __9__(do) a few odd jobs for him. At the time, I suppose, I thought I was poor. Sometimes, we don’t realize how __10__(fortune) we are, do we?‎ ‎【语篇导读】　作者是一个穷困潦倒的画家，住在嘈杂的闹市区。难以继日时，Joe会施以援手，这让作者感到非常幸运。‎ ‎1．lived　[考查一般过去时。本文描述的是多年前的事，因此用一般过去时。]‎ ‎2．because　[考查连词。“我”的公寓的房租很便宜，因为“我”住在最繁忙之一的街区里。]‎ ‎3．how　[考查引导词。根据语境可知，此处表示“外边是繁忙的街区，那我是怎样睡着的？”。]‎ ‎4．so　[考查固定结构。“so much＋不可数名词”意为“如此多的……”。]‎ ‎5．one　[考查代词。“我”住的公寓在一个很吵闹的商店/酒吧上面。one代指商店或酒吧。]‎ ‎6．of　[考查介词。be short of意为“缺少/短缺……”。]‎ ‎7．a　[考查固定短语。take a look意为“看一看”，是固定结构。]‎ ‎8．interesting　[考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示“我找到某个有趣的人去交谈”。]‎ ‎9．doing　[考查非谓语动词。介词“for”后应跟动词－ing形式。]‎ ‎10．fortunate　[考查词性转换。根据语境可知，此空应填其形容词形式。]‎ D ‎(2016·河南省六市联考)Starting a new school term is always exciting. It is a chance __1__ (see) your friends again. But most exciting of all, the new term lets you take up new hobbies. In Britain it is common for students to take up new hobbies after the Christmas holidays. Promising to learn something new is a common New Year's resolution.‎ Most schools offer different kinds __2__ hobby classes. Students __3__ (usual) take them in their free periods or after school. Some classes you have to pay for but some __4__ (be) free. For example, I once took a free Wednesday evening gymnastics class __5__ is offered by my school. But when I learnt how to play the drum, my parents had to pay for the lessons.‎ The most popular extra classes at my school were piano lessons and drama lessons. Both classes offered exams students could take. Students with many hobbies sometimes felt __6__ stressed than those without any. But the students with hobbies left school with many extra __7__ (skill)．‎ I haven't continued any of the hobbies I __8__ (begin) at school. But I have never regretted taking __9__. My __10__ (good) friend today is someone I met in my gymnastics class.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎【参考答案】语法填空 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英国的兴趣班。英国的学生可以参加兴趣班，其中有收费的，也有免费的。在兴趣班，你可以认识很多朋友。‎ ‎1．to see　分析该句结构可知，It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。‎ ‎2．of　different kinds of为固定搭配，意为“各种不同种类的”。‎ ‎3．usually　副词修饰动词。故用usual的副词形式usually。‎ ‎4．are　根据but前的have可知，应用一般现在时；该句中的some指some classes，故用复数形式are。‎ ‎5．that/which　分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为class，在从句中作主语，故用which或that引导该定语从句。‎ ‎6．more　根据该句中的“than”可以判断，该句使用“比较级＋than”的结构，根据句意可知学生们会感到更大压力，故在其前加more。‎ ‎7．skills　根据空前的many可知，空处应用复数。‎ ‎8．began　根据语境可知，begin这一动作发生在过去，故应用一般过去时。‎ ‎9．them　根据语境可知，空处指代上句的“hobbies”，故填them。‎ ‎10．best　根据语境可知，我最好的朋友是在体操班认识的，故用good的最高级best。‎ E ‎(2015·邢台摸底)‎ ‎(Near the school gate, a woman driver was stopped by a traffic officer.)‎ Officer：Madam, do you know how fast you were going just now?‎ Driver：(Looking at the record.) Uh, well, no! I didn’t think I was going that fast...‎ Officer：This is a 25 mph zone, Madam. You see that school over there? You __1__(go) 35 mph.‎ Driver：__2__ today is Sunday, sir. There is no school today.‎ Officer：Madam, there __3__(be)signs that say what the speed limit is. Besides, children often come to school on the weekend __4__(play) sports. You see all those kids over there? What __5__ you hit one of them by accident?‎ Driver：I’m __6__(terrible)sorry, Officer. I won’t do it again. Could you please let me off with __7__ warning?‎ Officer：I’m afraid I can’t do that, Madam. In school zones, I’m required to give tickets to all drivers __8__ break the rules. It’s the law in this county.‎ Driver：Oh, dear！How __9__ is this going to cost me?‎ Officer：I don’t know, Madam. Usually, these things can be taken care of for __10__(little) than $ 100. Now please sign here at the bottom.‎ Driver：OK.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　这是一位女士和交警之间的一段对话，这位女士在学校附近超速。‎ ‎1．were going　[考查过去进行时。根据语境可知，此处表示刚才女士驾车的速度已经达到35 mph，故用过去进行时。]‎ ‎2．But　[考查连词。根据下文中的“There is no school today”可知，此处表示转折，意为“但是今天是星期天”，故用But。]‎ ‎3．are　[考查一般现在时和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处是一般性的陈述，故用一般现在时；再根据空格后的signs可知，此处用复数形式，故填are。]‎ ‎4．to play　[考查动词不定式。根据语境可知，此处表示“孩子们经常在周末到学校来运动”，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，即to play。]‎ ‎5．if　[考查固定短语。此处表示“如果你意外撞倒他们中的一个怎么办”，故此处用what if“如果……怎么办”的固定结构。]‎ ‎6．terribly　[考查副词。此处用副词terribly修饰形容词sorry，表示“十分抱歉”。]‎ ‎7．a　[考查冠词。此处表示“你能放过我，只给一个警告吗？”，故用不定冠词a。]‎ ‎8．who/that　[考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，“__8__ break the rules”是定语从句，修饰先行词drivers，指人，从句中缺少主语，故可用who或that。]‎ ‎9．much　[考查副词。此处表示“需要罚多少钱”，用How much。]‎ ‎10．less　[考查比较级。根据空格后的than可知，此处用little的比较级less。]‎ F ‎(2016·石家庄市模拟)Dogs are __1__ very popular pet. Most of them just live with their families. But some dogs have very special jobs __2__ (do). A group of dogs __3__ (know) as “Therapy Dogs”. These dogs are family pets with special training, __4__ allows them to go into public buildings and comfort people __5__ need. The dogs are trained to be calm and quiet. Loud noises and unfamiliar places don't frighten them. They enjoy spending time with people.‎ Some therapy dogs go into places, such as hospitals and nursing homes. When the dogs visit the patients, the patients are cheered up. They have fun __6__ (pet) the dogs and look forward to their visits. The dogs help to brighten their day. Therapy dogs can improve people's health as well. Studies show that when people pet animals, their blood __7__ (press) and heart rates go down. They are calmer and __8__ (they) mood improves.‎ Other therapy dogs work in schools and libraries. They serve as warm and caring __9__‎ ‎ (friend) to children, but they also do __10__ (much). In one town in California, therapy dogs have become children's reading buddies. The dogs make a great audience. The children look forward to reading to the dogs, and the dogs love the attention.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ ‎【参考答案】语法填空 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了有着特殊用途的狗——治疗犬。它们能给病人带来心理上的安慰，能成为孩子的朋友。‎ ‎1．a　依据本句中的“very popular pet”可知，此处应用不定冠词，表示泛指。‎ ‎2．to do　本句中应用不定式作后置定语，have sth. to do表示“要做某事”。‎ ‎3．are known　分析句子结构可知，本句话缺少谓语动词，“a group of ＋名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，dogs与know之间是动宾关系，此处描述的是一般情况，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎4．which　这是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为“special training”。‎ ‎5．in　由句意可知，这些治疗犬可以到公共场所安抚那些需要帮助的人。in need表示“在困难时，在危难之中”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎6．petting　have fun (in) doing sth. 表示“做某事有乐趣”。‎ ‎7．pressure　分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词，blood pressure表示“血压”。‎ ‎8．their　修饰名词mood要用形容词性物主代词，故填their。‎ ‎9．friends　根据句子的主语They可知，此处用名词复数。‎ ‎10．more　句中的but暗示这些狗对孩子来讲不仅仅是朋友，它们会做得更多。‎ G ‎(2015·山西四校联考二)‎ I was in the ninth year when I began to suffer depression.My parents noticed but felt that since I’d always been __1__ good child, this was temporary.‎ ‎__2__(fortunate), it was not to be so. I didn’t have friends. Hardly could I share my problems. Deep worry began to destroy my __3__(confident). Finally I refused to attend ‎ classes，__4__(shut) myself in my room for hours.‎ The examination was approaching, but I simply didn’t care. My parents and teachers were surprised at my bad performance. One morning，__5__ a particularly severe lecture from my father, I stood at the school gate，__6__ (depress). Then as the other students marched to their classrooms, our headmaster called me. The next forty－five minutes was one of the most precious __7__(moment) in my life.She said she __8__(notice) a big change in me and wondered why. At first she took my hands in __9__(she) and listened patiently as I mentioned my worries. Then she hugged me as I wept. Months of frustration and loneliness disappeared in her motherly hug.‎ No one had tried to understand what the real problem was except the headmaster，__10__ helped me out simply by listening and hugging.‎ ‎【语篇导读】　本文讲述了作者小时候患抑郁症后得到了校长的关爱而走出阴影的故事。‎ ‎1．a　[考查冠词。child是可数名词，且第一次在文章中出现，故用不定冠词修饰，表示“一个”好孩子。]‎ ‎2．Unfortunately　[考查副词。不幸的是，情况并非如此。根据逗号的提示可知，此处应用所给词的副词形式，修饰整个句子，作状语。再根据句意可知，应用Unfortunately。]‎ ‎3．confidence　[考查名词。my是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，作定语，故用confidence。]‎ ‎4．shutting　[考查现在分词。shut和句子主语I构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。]‎ ‎5．after　[考查连词。根据语境可知，此处应用连词after，表示“在……之后”。]‎ ‎6．depressed　[考查形容词。由句子的主语I和该空前的逗号可知，应用形容词depressed在句子中作状语。]‎ ‎7．moments　[考查名词。根据空格前的“one of”并结合语境可知，此处用最高级修饰名词moments，表示“最珍贵的时刻之一”。]‎ ‎8．had noticed　[考查过去完成时。notice的动作发生在said之前，表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时。]‎ ‎9．hers　[考查代词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，且由空格前的“my hands”可知，此处用名词性物主代词hers，表示她的手。]‎ ‎10．who　[考查非限定性定语从句。who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词the headmaster。]‎ H ‎(2016·湖南省东部六校联考)One of the major holiday shopping days is the day after Thanksgiving. It is __1__ (frequent) referred to as Black Friday. The use of the word “black” relates __2__ the business accountants. Storekeepers used to record profits in black ink and losses in red ink. So __3__ (be) “in the black” on the Friday after Thanksgiving means a good thing, a return to profits.‎ Black Friday is the big day for many retailers, and it presents the shopper an opportunity __4__(get) all of one's holiday shopping done at once among amazing sale prices. On that day, most retailers will open very early __5__ usually provide massive and attractive discounts on their products, while a great number of holiday shoppers will get __6__ early start in the morning to begin Christmas shopping.‎ Black Friday also means that people face crowded stores, __7__ is the other idea of a “Black Friday”， a day they do not like. It used to be the __8__(busy) shopping day of a year. Many people avoid this shopping day altogether because of the stress __9__(involve) in fighting the crowds. In recent years the Saturday before Christmas __10__ (see) the biggest shopping crowds.‎ ‎1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________‎ ‎5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________‎ ‎9．________　10.________‎ ‎【参考答案】语法填空 语篇解读：本文介绍了黑色星期五的由来。‎ ‎1．frequently　句意：它频繁地被称作“黑色星期五”。空处修饰动词短语is referred to，应用副词。‎ ‎2．to　relate to ... “和……有关”，是固定短语。‎ ‎3．being　分析句子结构可知，本处应用动名词短语being “in the black” on the Friday after Thanksgiving作主语。‎ ‎4．to get　它给顾客一个以惊人的价格获得商品的机会。本处应用动词不定式作the opportunity的定语。‎ ‎5．and　多数的商家都会早早地开门迎客，同时为顾客提供很多吸引人的折扣。本处and连接两个并列的谓语。‎ ‎6．an　an early start“一个早的开始”，此处表示泛指，故应用不定冠词；又因early的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。‎ ‎7．which　分析句子结构可知，本处应为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前面的“people face crowded stores”这句话，应用关系代词which。‎ ‎8．busiest　它过去常常是一年中最繁忙的购物日。根据前面的the可知，本处应用最高级busiest。‎ ‎9．involved　很多人避免在这一天购物，因为会卷入抵抗人群的压力中。involve与stress之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。‎ ‎10．has seen　根据时间状语In recent years可知，本处应用现在完成时，主语the Saturday before Christmas为单数，故用has seen。‎ I ‎(2016·宁夏回族自治区银川一中模拟)‎ Scientists have discovered that 1.________ (stay) in the cold could help us lose weight. Researchers at the University of California found that exposure to the cold increases levels of a protein that helps form brown fat — the type of fat that produces heat and keeps us warm. Brown fat burns energy, 2.________ helps us lose weight. White fat stores extra energy, which results 3.________ weight gain. The researchers said that because air conditioning and heating give us constant, 4.________ (comfort) temperatures, our body's need for brown fat has decreased. They found that Outdoor workers in northern Finland who 5.________ (expose) to cold temperature have 6.________ significant amount of brown fat when 7.________ (compare) to sameaged indoor workers.‎ The research was conducted on two different control groups of mice. 8.________ group was injected with the protein that helps create brown fat. This group later gained ‎ 30% less weight after both groups were fed highfat diets. The researchers say this could be good news in the fight against obesity. People who are obese have 9.________ (low) levels of brown fat than thinner people. Head researcher Hei Sook Sul said: “This protein could become an important target for research into the treatment and prevention of obesity and obesityrelated diseases.” She added: “If you can somehow increase levels of this protein, you could 10.________ (possible) lose more weight even if eating the same amount of food.”‎ ‎【参考答案】‎ ‎1．staying　考查非谓语动词。从结构可知此处是非谓语作主语，用动名词形式，故填staying。‎ ‎2．which　考查关系代词。在非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，用关系代词which指代前句话内容。‎ ‎3．in　考查介词。result in “导致，造成”。故填in。‎ ‎4．comfortable　考查形容词。此处是和constant并列作temperatures的定语，故用形容词形式。‎ ‎5．are exposed　考查谓语动词。expose是及物动词，句中没有宾语，判断用被动形式。be exposed to “暴露在……之下”，根据主谓一致原则，填are exposed。‎ ‎6．a　考查冠词。a significant amount of“大量的”。故填a。‎ ‎7．compared　考查非谓语动词。此处是“连词＋分词”结构，compare和句子主语outdoor workers之间是被动关系，用过去分词，故填compared。‎ ‎8．One　考查数词。从上文内容可知此处指两组中的一组，因位于句首，故填One。‎ ‎9．lower　考查比较级。根据句中than可知此处用比较级，修饰名词levels，用形容词，故填lower。‎ ‎10．possibly　考查副词。修饰动词lose用副词形式，故填possibly。‎