2010高考二轮复习英语学案——专题一 名词和冠词 8页

‎2010高考二轮复习英语学案 专题一 名词和冠词 ‎【典例精析】‎ ‎1. （2008福建）What’s the _____ of having a public open space where you can’t eat, drink or even simply hang out for a while? ‎ ‎ A. sense B. matter C. case D. opinion ‎【解析】A sense意为“感觉” 在这样一个公共场所，不可以吃喝甚至不可以走动有什么感觉。‎ ‎2.（2008天津卷）Most air pollution is caused by the burning of ____ like coal, gas and oil. ‎ ‎ A. fuels B. articles C. goods D. products ‎【解析】A fuel燃料，题干中coal, gas, oil均为燃料，由此选出A ‎3. （2008山东）I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real______.‎ A. exchange B. bargain C. trade D. business ‎【解析】Ｂ bargain廉价货符合句意，exchange交换；trade贸易，买卖；business事业，业务均不合句意 ‎4. （2008江西卷）—Shall we go out for a walk?‎ ‎—Sorry. This is not the right ____ to invite me. I am too tired to walk. ‎ A. moment B. situation C. place D. chance ‎【解析】Ａ 句意为：此刻邀请我不合适，moment此时，此刻符合句意；situation形式；place地方；chance机会均不合题意 ‎5. （2008湖北卷）The young man made a ______ to his parents that he would try to earn his own living after graduation.‎ A. prediction B. promise C. plan D. contribution ‎【解析】B 年轻人对父母做出许诺。B许诺，答应符合句意；A意思为预测，C为计划，D意为贡献均不合句意 ‎6. （2008湖北卷）The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly______‎ ‎ A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon ‎【解析】A atmosphere氛围。气氛符合句意；B为状态；C为形式；D意为现象 ‎7. （2008安徽卷）To save some of the human languages before they are forgotten, the students in our school started a discussion “Save Our ________” .‎ ‎ A. Sky B. Life C. Arts D. Voices ‎【解析】D句意：为了拯救那些被遗忘的人类语言，我校同学开展了题为“拯救我们的声音”的大讨论；此处声音妥当 ‎8.（2008辽宁卷）My neighbor asked me to go for _________ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got _________ energy. ‎ A. a; 不填                    B. the; the C. 不填; the                 D. a; the ‎ 【解析】D go for a walk 去散步，走走，固定搭配；the energy 那个力量，专指去散步的力量，具体所指，所以用定冠词the. ‎ ‎9.（2008全国Ⅱ）It’s not _________ good idea to drive for four hours without _________ break. ‎ A. a; a          B. the; a C. the; the                     D. a; the ‎ 【解析】A开车好几个小时没有一个一次休息不是一个好主意，所以从意义上都是单数，而且是可数名词，所以都用不定冠词a. ‎ ‎10.（2008山东卷)Students should be encouraged to use _____ Internet as _________ resource. ‎ A. 不填; a                     B. 不填; the C. the; the                     D. the; a ‎【解析】D因特网专有名词用定冠词；作为一种资源，种类泛指用不定冠词a. ‎ ‎11.（2008湖南卷，22）Have you heard ______ news？The piece of _______ petrol is going up again!‎ A. the, the B. 不填，the C. the, 不填 D. 不填，不填 ‎【解析】C 听说那个消息，特指后面的石油价格上涨，所以用定冠词；石油不可数名词，所以不用任何冠词 ‎12.（2008江苏卷，21）We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent. ‎ A. the; the B. 不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填 ‎【解析】B by +交通工具中间不用任何冠词；与水路对应，专指陆路，所以用定冠词the. ‎ ‎13.（2008江西卷，30）--- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting. ‎ ‎--- It is not your fault. With __ rush-hour traffic and __ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late. ‎ A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a ‎【解析】A 一种。。。样的交通状况用a;这么一场大雨，泛指，用a. ‎ ‎14.（2008陕西卷，10）I ate _________ sandwich while I was waiting for _________ 20:08 train. ‎ A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. a, a ‎【解析】C 我吃了一个三明治，一般所指；特指哪一列火车，用定冠词the. ‎ ‎15.（四川卷，08）In the United States, there is always ____ flow of people to areas of ______ country where more jobs can be found. ‎ A. a; the B. the ; a C. the; the D. a; a ‎【解析】A一群人流，a flow of 固定搭配；特指能找到工作的那个地方，所以用定冠词。‎ ‎16.（2008浙江卷，2）______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head. ‎ A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填 ‎【解析】A一个苹果，可数名词；hit sb on the head 固定用法。击中某人某个部位用定冠词。‎ ‎17.（2008重庆卷） In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation. ‎ A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the; the ‎【解析】C 自行车，专指大家知道的交通工具，用定冠词表类别；一种。。。方式，固定用法。‎ ‎【学法导航】按照名词和冠词的考查规律，同学们在复习备考中要注意：‎ ‎1. 语义学习是语言学习过程中的基础，没有一定的词汇量，听说读写等其它能力无从谈起。所以，在备考中，一定要重视词汇语义的学习和复习 ‎2. 词汇意义的领悟和掌握既要机械记忆，又要在阅读、运用中领悟，巩固。要将词汇织成一个网，全面掌握一些重要的词汇及相关词汇 ‎3. 同义词近义词的学习必须进行专项复习。收集大量的语言实例，反复记忆，用心领悟。‎ ‎4. 考查零冠词用法。‎ ‎5. 和某些抽象名词连用，使其具体化以及不可数名词在特指情况下将成为考查重点。‎ ‎6. 冠词在一些固定短语，特殊句式的运用将仍旧会出现在某些省市的高考试卷中。‎ ‎7. 比较级中的冠词也是考查的重点。‎ ‎8. 冠词的基本用法,定冠词在adj.前表示一类尤其是考查的重点。‎ ‎9. 语境、语义下的冠词灵活运用。‎ ‎10. 根据知识网络将冠词的基本用法记牢，这是你做好试题的前提。‎ ‎11. 熟悉一些名词的用法，和冠词结合。有很多不可数名词，有时候被具体化的情况，也是考查的重点 ‎12. 多做练习，能够提高熟悉语境的能力，很多考题是要和语境相联系起来考查的，这方面一定要重视 ‎【专题综合】‎ ‎1.I heard you have______ vacant position for a secretary. I’ve come to apply for _____job. ‎ A．the; a B．a; the C．不填; a D．a; 不填 ‎2.---John, there is_____ Mr. Wilson on the phone for you.‎ ‎ ---- I’m in____ bath.‎ ‎ A. a; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填; 不填 ‎3. People think that ______ opening ceremony of the 29th Olympic Games is _____ great success. ‎ A. an; a B. the ; a C. the ;the D. the ; X ‎4. --- Do you often listen to _____ radio?‎ ‎ ----No, in fact I haven’t got____ radio.‎ A. a; the B. 不填; a C. the; a D. the; the ‎5.--- Waiter, could we have_____ bill, please?‎ ‎ ----Darling, don’t forget to leave____ tip.‎ A. a; the B. a; 不填 C. the; 不填 D. the; a ‎6. The research showed beyond ________ that smoking contributes to heart diseases.‎ ‎ A. wonder B. doubt C. problem D. use ‎7 Would you take my old TV in _______ for this camera?‎ ‎ A. place B. return C. exchange D. business ‎8 Faced with the hard financial ____________, all the countries in the world should learn to cooperate to get it over.‎ ‎ A. situation B. position C. phenomenon D. state ‎9. It is a spectacular __________ as the fireworks are set off and light up the who sky during the Spring Festival.‎ ‎ A. look B. view C. scenery D. sight ‎10. Quite a few employees’ payments are cut down and barely cover their household ________ due to the serious economic crisis.‎ ‎ A. bills B. expenses C. prices D. charges ‎11. Suddenly we felt the _________atmosphere grow tense as neither of the sides would give in.‎ A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon ‎12. The Chinese are looking forward to the first _______to land on the moon after three Chinese astronauts’ successful trip to space. ‎ ‎ A. measure B. attempt C. purpose D. desire ‎13. —Who did you stay with yesterday? I couldn’t find you anywhere.‎ ‎ — ___________. ‎ ‎ A. Mr. Green’s B.The Greens C. Greens D. The Mr. Green’s ‎14. I shouldn’t have accepted the man’s present, but I found it difficult to turn down his ______.‎ ‎ A. offer B. request C. suggestion D. plan ‎15. He kept sending her presents in an attempt to win her _______.‎ ‎ A. respect B. favor C. admiration D. pleasure 参考答案1-5 BADCD ‎ ‎6【解析】B beyond doubt为固定短语，意为：无疑，确实。本句句意为：这项研究确实表明吸烟会导致心脏疾病。‎ ‎7.【解析】C in return for…作为回报；in exchange for…交换。你愿意用我的旧电视机换这架照相机吗？‎ ‎8【解析】A面对严重的经济形势，世界各国应努力合作共同克服。situation形式，处境。‎ ‎9【解析】D look看；面貌；view指从某处看到的景色；scenery指自然景色；sight指所看到的事物，景象。在春节期间，当烟火被点燃照亮整个夜空的时候真是一幅壮观的景象。‎ ‎10.【解析】B expense 意为“（时间、精力、金钱等的）消耗,花销,费用”。很多雇员收入下降不够维持生活的费用”。故选B项。bill 意为“账单，清单”。price 意为“价格,价钱，市价，代价，价值”。charge 意为“费用，捐税，代价，记账”，作“费用”解时指卖方开出的价钱。‎ ‎11【解析】A atmosphere氛围，D意为现象。我们突然感觉到气氛变得紧张了。‎ ‎12【解析】B measure 措施； attempt试图，尝试；purpose目的； desire渴望，欲望。在中国三名宇航员成功遨游太空后，中国正盼望着登月的第一次尝试.‎ ‎13【解析】B此题考查考生对复数姓氏名词的掌握能力。表示姓…的一家人，应用the +姓氏的复数形式。‎ ‎14【解析】A offer: statement offering to do, or give sth to sb.（为某人做某事或给某人某事物的）建议，提议request: act of asking for sth. 要求；suggestion提议或建议的内容；plan计划。本句句意为：我本不该接受那个人的礼物，但很难拒绝他的提议。故选A。‎ ‎15.【解析】B 他不停送给她礼物，试图获得她的好感。favor: liking , goodwill , approval 喜爱，宠爱，好感，欢心。‎ ‎【专题突破】‎ 冠词做题技巧点拨：注意固定短语中的冠词；名词的具体化；抽象名词表示特指；在做题中要注意前后两个空的彼此照应；可以依据意思和语境把握冠词。‎ 名词做题技巧点拨：注意同义词、近义词意思的把握，要依据语意、词义进行辨析。‎ ‎1. Recently CCTV Station has taken great pains to make a program that reviews the important_____‎0f 2008.‎ ‎ A. affairs B. events C. matters D. things ‎2. There’s no ______from my bedroom window except for some factory chimneys.‎ A. view B. scene C. sight D. look ‎3. She is in a poor ______of health, which worries her mother much.‎ A. position B. situation C. state D. condition ‎4. The experiment turned out to be ________, which wasn’t ______ they wanted.‎ A. a completely failing; as B. a complete failure; what ‎ C. completely failure; that D. failed; 不填 ‎5. In the botanic garden we can find a（n）______of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers.‎ A. species B. group C. amount D. variety ‎6. He was chosen _________ of the company.‎ A. manager B. a manager C. the manager D. as a manager ‎7. I looked under __________ bed and found __________ book I lost last week. ‎ ‎ A. the; a  B. the: the C. 不填; the  D. the; 不填 ‎8.—How about __________ Christmas evening party?‎ ‎—I should say it was __________ success. ‎ A. a; a   B. The; a C. a; 不填  D. the; 不填 ‎9. Polar bears live mostly on __________ sea ice, which they use as __________ platform for hunting seals. ‎ A. a; a  B. a; the C. 不填; a  D. the; 不填 ‎10. We have every reason to believe that __________ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be __________ success. ‎ A. 不填; a  B. the; 不填 C. the; a  D. a; a ‎11. Many people have come to realize that they should go on __________ balanced diet and make __________ room in their day for exercise. ‎ A. a; 不填  B. the; a C. the; the  D. 不填; a ‎12.—Could you tell me the way to __________ Johnsons, please?‎ ‎—Sorry, we don’t have __________ Johnson here in the village. ‎ A. the; the  B. the; a C. 不填; the  D. the; 不填 ‎13. __________ walk is expected to last all day, so bring __________ packed lunch. ‎ A. A; a  B. The; 不填 C. The; a  D. A; 不填 ‎14. In __________ film Cast Away. Tom Hanks plays __________ man named Chuck Noland. ‎ A. a; the  B. the; a C. the; the  D. a; a ‎15. How about taking __________ short break? I want to make __________ call. ‎ A. the; a  B. a; the C. the; the   D. a; a ‎16. I wanted to catch __________ early train, but couldn’t get __________ ride to the station. ‎ A. an, the  B. 不填, the C. an, 不填  D. the, a ‎17. I like __________ color of your skirt. It is __________ good match for your blouse. ‎ A. a; the  B. a; a C. the; a   D. the; the ‎18.George couldn’t remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was __________ Sunday because everybody was at __________ church. ‎ A. 不填; the  B. the; 不填 C. a; 不填  D. 不填; a ‎ ‎ 19.— I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over __________. — You shouldn’t put drinks near __________ computer. ‎ A. the; 不填  B. the; a C. a; 不填  D. a; a ‎20. In __________ review off 44 studies, American researchers found that men and women who ate six key foods daily cut the risk of __________ heart disease by 76%. _______‎ A. a; the  B. the; a C. a; 不填  D. 不填; a ‎21. Of all __________ reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was __________ most important one. ‎ A. the; a  B. 不填; a C. 不填; the  D. the; the ‎22. For him __________ stage is just __________ means of making a living. ‎ A. a; a  B. the; a C. the; the  D. a; the ‎23. According to __________ World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent __________ spread of AIDS. ‎ ‎ A. the; 不填  B. the; the C. a; a  D. 不填; the ‎24. Everywhere man has cut down __________ forests in order to grow crops, or to use __________ wood as fuel or as building material. ‎ ‎ A. the; the  B. the; 不填　 C. 不填; the  D. 不填; 不填 ‎25. I know you don’t like __________ music very much. But what do you think of __________ music in the film we saw yesterday? ‎ A. 不填;不填   B. the; the C. the; 不填  D. 不填; the 参考答案 1-5 BACBD 6-10 ABBCC 11-15 ABCBD 16-20. DCCBC 21-25 DBBCD