word精编解析高考英语试卷解析天津卷 29页

2013 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试【天津卷】 英 语 本试卷分第 I 卷和第 II 卷两部分，共 12 页，满分 150 分。考试用时 120 分钟。考试结束 后，将本试卷降答题卡一并交回。 第 I 卷 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） 第一节 单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分） 1. ---I'm going to Venice next week. ----______. Carnival will be held then. Have fun! A. You're crazy B. You're lucky C. You'd better not D. You never know 四、B。本题考查交际用语。B. You are lucky，你真是太幸运了，根据后面的陈述狂欢节届时 将举行，玩得开心点。可知是对他的羡慕，所以符合语境； 【句意】——我打算下周去威尼斯。 ——你真是太幸运了，届时狂欢节将在那里举行，祝你玩得愉快！ 2. If you are in trouble, Mike is always willing to a hand. A. lend B. shake C. wave D. want 2.A。本题考查动词的词义辨析。本题中一个 lend a hand，伸出援助之手，帮某人忙，符合句 意；shake 意为“摇晃，晃动”，握手通常是 shake hands with sb.，一般不用 shake a hand， wave 意为“摆动，挥舞”；而 want 意为“需要”，want a hand 需要人手。 【句意】如果你有麻烦，马克总是乐于伸出援助之手。 3. I think watching TV every evening is a waste of-- there are ______ meaningful things to do. A. less B. more C. the least D. the most 3.B。本题考查副词及其短语的用法。B. more. “较多地”修饰形容词 meaningful；此句是一 个比较句型，后面相当于省略了 than watching TV 这一活动；C. the least.“最少”D. the most. “最多”。 【句意】我认为每天晚上看电视是一种浪费时间的行为，还有很多比这更有意义的事情可做。 4. —Mary's been offered a job in a university but she doesn't want to take it. -- ______? It's a very good chance. A. Guess what B. So what C. Who cart D. But why 5. D。本题考查交际用语。A 项 Guess what？“猜猜是什么”，与上面的描述不吻合； B 项 So what？“那有怎么样？”；C 项 Who cares“谁在乎呀？；D 项 But why？“但 是为什么”，是对她的行为的不理解，不应该放弃这么好的机会，符合句意。 【句意】——玛丽得到了大学里的一份工作，但是他不想接受。 ——但是为什么？这是一份非常好的机会。 5. ______ small, the company has about 1.000 buyers in over 30 countries. A. As B. If C. Although D. Oncc 5. C。本题考查连词的用法。although 做连词意为“尽管，虽然”，符合前后的让步的逻辑关 系；实际上，本句省略了主语和系动词 it is。 【句意】尽管这家公司很小，但是它在 30 多个国家拥有 1000 多个客户。 6. We have launched another nun-made satellite. ______ is announced in today's newspaper. A. that B. which C. who D. what 6.B。本题考查非限制性定语从句。本句中 which 指代的就是前面整句话的内容，即我们又发 射了一颗人造卫星这件事，可翻译成“这一点”。 【句意】我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这一事件在今天的新闻中得到了报道。 7. While she was in Paris, she developed a ______ for fine art. A. way B. relation C. taste D. habit 7.C。本题考查名词的词义辨析。A 项 way 意为“方式、方法”；B 项 relation 意为“关系， 联系”；C 项 taste 意为“品位，鉴赏”，符合句意；而 D 项意为“习惯”。 【句意】当她在巴黎时，培养了自己鉴赏精美艺术品的品位。 8. I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I wasn't able to ______. A. get away B. drop in C. check out D. hold on 8.A。本题考查动词短语。A get away 意为“离开；逃掉；抽身”；B drop in 意为“顺便拜访”； C check out 意为“退房结帐；检验；通过考核”；D 项 hold out 意为“伸出；拿出；呈现； 抵抗”。 【句意】我今年原打算度假的，但是我实在抽不出身来。 9. No one ______ be more generous; he has a heart of gold. A. could B. must C. dare D. need 9.A。本题考查情态动词。A 项 could 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、 否定句和感叹句中，而且本句中还包含了否定词+比较级表达最高级的一种用法，表示他是最 大方慷慨的；B 项 must 表示必须、必要或说话人的主观看法；C 项 dare 用于否定句中表示敢 于。D 项 need 用于疑问句、否定句中表示有必要，需要。 【句意】没有人比他更慷慨大方了，他有一颗金子般的心。 10. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ______ in daily conversations. A. using B. to use C. having used D. used 10.D。本题考查非谓语动词。本句中的 used 为动词的过去分词短语做后置定语修饰 words， 非谓语动词 use 和其逻辑主语 words 之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系，即被动关系所以用过去 分词。 【句意】在一些语言中，100 个词汇就涵盖了我们日常对话交际用语中所有词汇的一半。 11. It was not until near the end of the letter ______ she mentioned her own plan. A. that B. where C. why D. when 11.A。本题考查强调句型。强调句的基本机构：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他 部分，本句中强调的是时间状语从句所以用 that。本题个别考生易误解成定语从句。 【句意】直到在这封信的末尾他才提到自己的计划。 12. At our factory there are a few machines similar to ______ described in this magazine. A. them B. these C. those D. ones 12.C。本题考查代词的运用。在含有比较句型的句子中代词的选择时，如果比较对象是单数 可数名词和不可数名词名词，用 that，如果是复数可数名词用 those，本题中的比较对象是我 们工厂的一些机器和杂志中描述的那些机器的对比，所以，只能选择 those。 【句意】在我们工厂有一些机器和这本杂志中所描述的那些机器很相似。 13. The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers ______ one of the main pipes. A. had repaired B. have repaired C. repaired D. are repairing 13.D。本题考查动词的时态运用。had repaired 为过去完成时，强调的是“过去的过去”；have repaired 为现在完成时，强调对现在造成的结果或影响；repaired 为一般过去时，强调过 去的某一时间发生的动作；are repairing 为现在进行时，强调现在正在发生或进行的动作， 符合句意，正在维修一条主管道成为了临时停水的原因。 【句意】水资源供应被临时切断是因为工人们正在维修一条主管道。 14. If he had spent more time practicing English before, he ______ able to speak it much better now A. will be B. would be C has been D. would have been 14.B。本题考查虚拟语气。本句是一个错综时间虚拟句。从句是对过去事实的虚拟，谓语用 had done，而主句则是对现在（now）事实的一种假设，所以用 would do，所以 B 项符合句 意。 【句意】要是以前他能多花些时间练习口语，现在就能够说得更流利了。 15. ______ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What 15.D。本题考查名词性从句。本题是属于名词性从句中的主语从句 what I want to tell you，其 中 what 在从句中做动词 tell 的直接宾语。 【句意】我想告诉你的是我对我父母的深沉的爱和尊敬。 第二节 完形填空 （共 20 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） As I held my father's hands one night, I couldn't help but notice their calluses(老茧) and roughness. His hinds tell the story of his life as a 16 . including all his struggles. One summer. I remember, a drought（旱灾）hit Ontario, turning it into a 17 desert. On one of those hot mornings I was picking sweet com with my dad to fill the last 18 from the grocery store. Fifty dozen was all we needed, which 19 took twenty minutes. That morning, however, the process didn't 20 quickly. After forty minutes of aimlessly walking in the field, we 21 needed twenty dozen. I was completely frustrated and 22 . Dropping the basket heavily, I declared, "If the store wants its last twenty dozen, they can pick it themselves!" Dad 23 . "Just think, my little girl, only ten dozen left for each of us and then we're 24 .” such is Dad—whether problem he 25 , he never gives up. 16 , the disastrous effects of the drought were felt all over our country. It was a challenging time for everyone, 27 Dad remained optimistic. He 28 to be grateful for other things like good health and food on our plates. Only then did I truly begin to 29 Dad and his faith that guided us through the hard times. Dad is also a living example of real 30 . From dawn to dusk, he works countless hours to 31 our family. He always puts our happiness 32 his own, and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games 33 his exhaustion after long days. His loving and selfless nature has inspired me to become more sympathetic and 34 , putting others first. Dad, the life 35 I have learned from you will stay with me forever. You are my father, teacher, friend and, most importantly, my hero. 16. A. teacher B. gardener C. farmer D. grocer 17. A. stormy B. lively C. disappearing D. burning 18. A. order B. form C. gap D. position 19. A. repeatedly B. normally C. finally D. really 20. A. go B. begin C. occur D. change 21. A. yet B. still C. even D. nearly 22. A. surprised B. nervous C. angry D. frightened 23. A. apologized B. cried C. complained D. laughed 24. A. lost B. done C. gone D. touched 25. A. meets with B. brings up C. works out D. thinks about 26. A. Thankfully B. Hopefully C. Unfortunately D. Strangely 27. A. or B. for C.so D. but 28. A. happened B. seemed C. continued D, aimed 29. A. face B. appreciate C. examine D. question 30. A. love B. pride C. friendship D. honesty 31. A. support B. settle C. start D. impress 32. A. after B. before C. beside D. under 33. A. in spite of B. in terms of C. in control of D. in place of 34. A. careful B. regretful C. considerate D. humorous 35. A. history B. motto C. patterns D. lessons [定文体抓主旨]：本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者包含感情地描述了记忆中跟爸爸在一起 度过的时光，爸爸对待生活的乐观态度，对待子女的无私的奉献和爱跃然纸上，让作者，让 读者感慨无限。本篇难度：中等。 [篇章结构]： 段落 关键词 大意推测 第一部分 （para.1） father’s hands; calluses and roughness; the story of his life 父亲的手满是老茧很粗糙；农民的一生， 辛苦奋斗的一生 第二部分 （para.2--4） picking sweet corn; frustrated; laughed; never gives up; optimistic; through the hard times; real love 在田里摘玉米，很泄气；父亲笑，不言放 弃；乐观向上；带领我们走过艰难岁月； 对家人无私的奉献和爱 第三部分 （para.5） life lessons; father, teacher, friend and hero 从父亲那里学到的很多，将伴随自己一 生；是父亲，是老师，是朋友，更是自己 心目中的英雄。 16．C。前面的句子提到父亲的手上满是老茧很粗糙，推测他的职业是农民最合适，更重要 的是，下文中说到了父子在田里摘棉花，更加印证了是农民的判断。四个选项的意思分 别是老师，园丁，农民，杂货商。 17．D。根据句意，既然发生了严旱灾，那么用 burning 来修饰 desert 最合适不过了。A，B， C 三个选项的意思分别是暴风雨的，生动的，消失的，均与句意不符，排除。 18．A。fill an order 是一个固定短语，意思是“交付订货”，此句的意思是，我跟父亲正在 田里摘玉米，以便交付杂货店定的货。 19．B。此题需要结合后面一句话去做，后一句的意思是“然而这一次，这个过程进展不快”， 说明前面的二十分钟是“通常情况”下所需要的时间，因此应该用副词 normally。 20．A。事情进展如何，常用动词 go，而不用 begin, occur, change。 21．B。平时只需要二十分钟，可是这次，四十分钟过后，还没结束，“仍然”还需要二十 分钟。其他三个选项均不能表达此意。 22．C。由于这次摘玉米用的时间太长，太辛苦，所以“我”很泄气也很“生气”，这个可 以结合后面“我”说的话来推断出来：重重的摔篮子，然后说“如果杂货店还要那他们 可以自己摘玉米”，这些都可以印证“我”很生气，而不是 A 吃惊，B 紧张，D 害怕， 23．D。看到“我”生气的样子，爸爸“笑”着安慰我。 24．B。本句意思是：我们每人“仅仅”需要摘十打，然后我们就结束了。be done 是固定用 法，意思是“结束，做完了”。 25．A。本句意思是：无论他“遇到”什么难题，他都不会放弃。四个选项的意思分别是： 遇到，抚养，解出（难题），考虑，只有选项 A 符合句意。 26．C。本句的意思是：这次干旱的灾难性影响在全国都能感受得到。这是坏事，所以应该 用 unfortunately. 其他三个选项的意思分别是：谢天谢地；满怀希望地；很奇怪，均与 句意不符。 27．D。句子的前半部分说旱灾对于每个人都是一种挑战，后半部分说父亲保持乐观，两者 之间显然是一种转折关系，应该用连词 but。 28．B。四个选项后面加上 to be 之后的意思分别是：碰巧是；似乎是；继续是；目的是，只 有选项 B 合乎句意。 29．B。句子意思是：就是在那时，我才开始“感激”父亲以及他引导我们走过艰难岁月的 信念。四个选项的意思分别是：面对 感激 检查 质问，只有选项 B 符合句意。 30．A。这句话是本段落的主题句，从下文可以看出，“父亲”对于家庭无私的风险已经对 子女无私的爱，所以选择 love 是最合适的。其它三个选项的意思分别是：自豪，友谊， 诚实，均不符合句意。 31．A。句子的意思是：父亲每天工作很长时间来“养家”，所以应该选择 support。其他三 个选项的意思分别是：安置，开始，使……有印象，均不符合句意。 32．B。句意为：他总是把我们的幸福放在他自己的“前面”，而且……。 33．A。长时间工作之后，“尽管”很累，也从不忘记在我参加比赛的时候为我打气加油。 “累”和“给我打气加油”之间是转折关系，所以应该用 in spite of。其它三个选项的意 思分别是：在……的条件下，在……的控制下，取代，均不合句意。 34．C。句子的意思是：他的爱和无私激励着我更加富有同情心和“更体谅人”，把别人放 在前面考虑。解题关键是“putting others first”，这其实就是对 considerate 的解释。 35．D。句中的 I have learned from you 是一个定语从句，空处就是它所修饰先行词，从句中 的谓语动词 learned 缺少宾语，空处就是它的宾语，这样就是 learn … from you，从四个 选项中找一个词填到这个省略号中做宾语，lessons 是最合适的，意思是“我从你那里学 习到的生活上的一些经验教训”。其它三个选项的意思分别是：历史，箴言，模式，放 到句中均不符合句意。 第二部分 阅读理解 第三部分 阅读理解（共 20 小题，每小题 2.5 分，满分 50 分） A Guide to Stockholm University Library Oar library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment. Zones The library is divided into different zones. The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone where you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work. Computers You can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook computers, you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. They are situated in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor. Group-study Places If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people. All rooms arc marked on the library maps. There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and . valid University card You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week. Storage of Study Material The library has lockers for students to store course literature. When you have obtained at least 40 credits(学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year's rental period. Roles to be followed Mobile phone conventions are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls. Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you. 36. The library's upper floor is mainly for students to A. read in a quiet place B. have group discussions C. take comfortable scats D. get their computers fixed 37. Library computers on the ground floor A. help students with their field experiments B. contain software essential for schoolwork C. arc for those who want to access the wi-fi D. arc mostly used for filling out application forms 38. What condition should be met to book a group-study room? A. A group must consist of 8 people. B. Three-hour use per day is the minimum C. One should first register at the university. D. Applicants must mark the room on the map. 39. A student can rent a locker in the library if he A. can afford the rental fee B. attends certain courses C. has nowhere to put his books D. has earned the required credits 40. What should NOT be brought into the library-? A. Mobile phones. B. Orange juice. C. Candy. D. Sandwiches. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，题材是介绍某一公共场所---图书馆。本文主要介绍了图 书馆的不同功能区域、电脑使用以及馆内的制度等。 段落 关键词、句 大意推测 第一部分 （Para. 1） studying places; studying environment 总述：图书馆是一个学习的好 地方 第二部分 （Para. 2-6） Zones; computers; group-study places; storage of studying materials; rules 分述：图书馆的功能区域、电 脑使用、小组学习区、储存区 以及图书馆的相关规定等 【解析】 36. A。细节理解题。难度：较易。根据题干关键词 upper floor 快速定位第二段。根据 the upper floor is a quite zone… for silent reading。故 A 项为正确答案。 37. B。推理判断题。难度：中等。根据题干关键词 on the ground floor 定位第三段的 you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office。根据常识可以推断 Microsoft Office 是一种 software。 干扰项排除：考生易选 D 项，根据选项中的和原文都出现的 application 一词来判断。实际上 原文的 application 一词是“应用”，而选项 D 中的 application forms 则是“申请表”的意思。 38. C。推理判断题。难度：中等。根据题干关键词 book a group-study room 快速定位第三个 黑体标题中的“to book, you need an active University account…可推断答案 C 是正确的。register 是 “登记，注册”。 干扰项排除：考生在查找定位比对选项的时候一定要仔细。A 项的 8 个人的说法是以偏概全， 原文说了不同的组队有不同房间。B 项正好与原文相反是每天至多 3 小时；D 项与原文相比 多了“applicant”一词。 39. D。细节理解题。难度：较易。根据题干关键词 rent a locker 快速定位第四个黑标题下面 的中文注释“学分”一词与 D 选项的 the required credits 符合，可推断答案 D 是正确的。 40. D。推理判断题。难度：中等。根据最后一个 rules to be followed 标题下面的 please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library，而 sandwiches 是一种食物可知 D 选项正确。 【难句学习】 1. The ground floor is the zone where you can talk. 翻译：一楼是你可以交谈的区域。 分析：本句的主干是 the ground floor is the zone。where 引导定语从句修饰 the zone，where 在从句中作地点状语。 2. You can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. 翻译：你也可以使用图书馆的电脑，图书馆的电脑里有最常用的应用程序，比如微软的办公 软件。 分析：本句的主干是 you can also use library computers。which 引导非限制性定语从句，which 在从句中作主语。 3. If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. 翻译：如果你想自由的交谈且不妨碍别人，你可以预定一个学习室或者坐到一楼的桌旁。 分析：本句的主干是 you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor。if 引导的 是一个条件状语从句。without disturbing others 是伴随状语。 4. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls. 翻译：请保持你的手机处于无声状态就像你是在参加一个讲座那样，如果你需要接电话请走 出图书馆。 分析：本句是由两个祈使句 keep your phone on silent，exit the library 构成的由 and 连接的并 列句。其中 as if you were in a lecture 一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。if you need to receive calls 引导的是一个条件状语从句。 B Us, night's meteor (流星) shower left many people in the community dissatisfied and demanding answers. According to Gabe Rothschild. Emerald Valley's mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city's lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead. "My family was so frustrated." admitted town resident Daune Cosby.” We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.” Astronomers—scientists who study stars and planets—have been complaining about this problem for decade, They say that light pollution prevents from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past. They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it. There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consist of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc. For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating(迁徙的) birds. According to the International Dark-Sky Association, “100 million birds a year throughout North America die in crashes with lighted buildings and towers.” Countless more animal casualties(伤亡) result from the use of artificial lighting. Clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings, but some scientists think it can be harmful to humans, too. They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person's chances of getting cancer. Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution. For years. Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory. Similar efforts have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night. 41. It happened last night that ______. A. the city's lights affected the meteor watching B. the meteors flew past before being noticed C. the city light show attracted many people D. the meteor watching ended up a social outing 42. What do the astronomers complain about? A. Meteor showers occur less often than before. B. Their observation equipment is in poor repair. C. Light pollution has remained unsolved for years. D. Their eyesight is failing due to artificial lighting 43. What is the author concerned about according to Paragraph 4? A. Birds may take other migration paths. B. Animals' living habits may change suddenly. C. Varieties of animals will become sharply reduced. D. Animals' survival is threatened by outdoor lighting. 44. Lighting regulations in Flagstaff. Arizona are put into effect to A. lessen the chance of getting cancer B. create an ideal observation condition C. ensure citizens a good sleep at night D. enable all creatures to live in harmony 45. What message does the author most want to give us? A. Saving wildlife is saving ourselves. B. Great efforts should be made to save energy. C. Human activities should be environmentally friendly. D. New equipment should be introduced for space study. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，题材是灯光污染与环境保护。本文主要介绍了灯光污 染给天文学家、人类、其它生物所带来的不良影响。以及人们为解决此问题所采取的措施等。 段落 关键词、句 大意推测 第一部分 （Para. 1-3） Dissatisfied, darkened the light; frustrated, Complained... for decades; fight against 导入：通过观看流星不成功的 原因导入本文的主题—灯光 污染给天文学家带来的影响。 第二部分 （Para. 4-5） Suffers even more; severely affects migrating; die in crashes 灯光污染给其它生物带来的 影响。 第三部分 （Para. 6） aware of the negative effects; assist astronomers; similar efforts 人们为解决此问题所采取的 一些措施。 【解析】 41. A。推理判断题。难度：中等。根据题干关键词 last night 快速定位第一段。根据第一段最 后一句可知“城市的夜空被灯点缀的是如此明亮以至于暗淡了头上飞过的流星的光亮，因此 影响了人们观星”。所以可以推出 A 是正确选项。 42. C。推理判断题。难度：中等。根据题干关键词 astronomers 快速定位第三段。根据 they say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects … they could see quite easily in the past.可 以推断灯光污染问题一直没有得到解决，这才是他们所抱怨的。其他选项原文根本没有提到， 属于无中生有的。 43. D。推理判断题。难度：中等。根据题干快速定位第四段。第四段驻澳讲述了灯光污染对 于鸟类、蝙蝠、青蛙、蛇等的影响，尤其严重影响你鸟类的迁徙，最后一句话“每年北美大 约有一亿的鸟在与被灯光点缀的建筑物或是高塔的撞击中死亡”因此可以推断 D 选项是正确 的。 44. B。推理判断题。难度：中等。根据题干中的大写 Flagstaff, Arizona 快速定位文章最后一 段…Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory 可知推行此规定的目的是为天文学家更好的观察服务的。 45. C。推理判断作者意图题。难度：较难。文章主要讲的是灯光污染给人类和其它生物带来 的影响，而灯光的直接造成原因就是人类本身，因此作者写本文主要是要告知人们人类的活 动应该要注意环保。其它三项的内容均与本文无关。 【难句学习】 1. What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the city’s lights that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead. 翻译：城市的灯光时如此的明亮以至于头顶飞过的流星的亮度被削弱，因此人们看到的只是 被点亮的夜空而不是流星 分析：本句的是一个由 what 引导的主语从句，what 作 found 的宾语。so …that 引导结果状 语从句。passing overhead 是非谓语动词作后置定语。darken 是动词。 2. They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past. 翻译：天文学家说光污染阻止了他们去看过去很容易就可以看到的天空中的目标。 分析：本句中 say 后面的 that 引导的是一个宾语从句。而 sky 后面的 that 引导的是一个定语 从句，先行词是 objects ，that 在从句中作 see 的宾语。 3. There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star observers that suffers even more from light pollution. 翻译：可是除了专业和业余的观星者外，还有一个群体遭受着甚至更为严重的光污染的影响。 分析：本句是一个 there be 特殊结构。that 引导的是一个定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行 词是 population。 4. They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can increase a person’s chances of getting cancer. 翻译：他们担心在睡觉的时候如果有太多的光亮的话可能会增加一个人得癌症的机会。 分析：本句中 worry 后面的 that 引导的是一个宾语从句，while sleeping 引导的是时间状语从 句的省略结构。of getting cancer 是 chances 的后置定语。 5. a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night. 翻译：此外，一个运动正在进行中，目的是为了提醒我们不用灯的时候要关掉它，这样其它 生物也能共享夜晚。 分析：本句中 to remind…是不定式作目的状语。when we are…是 when 引导的时间状语从句， so that 引导的是目的状语从句。 C Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours(绕行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words. For years we made the long drive from our home in Seattle to my parents' home in Boise in nine hours. We traveled the way most people do: the fastest, shortest, easiest road, especially when I was alone with four noisy, restless kids who hate confinement(限制) and have strong opinions about everything. Road trips felt risky, so I would drive fast, stopping only when 1 had to. We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired. But then Banner, our lamb was bent. He was reeled by h, mama days before our planned trip to Boise, I had two choices: leave Banner with my husband, or take him with me. My husband made the decision for me. That is how I found myself on the road with four kids, a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through. We took the country roads out of necessity. We had to stop every hour, let Banner shake out his legs and feed him. The kids chased him and one another. They'd get back in the car breathless and energized, smelling fresh from the cold air. We explored side roads, catching grasshopper in waist-high grass. Even if we simply looked out of the car window, at baby p.gs following their mother, or fish leaping out of the water, it was better than the best ride down the freeway. Here was life. And new horizons(见识). We eventually arrived at my parents' doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories. I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique. On an empty section of road, everyone started quarreling. I stopped the car, ordered all kids out and told them to meet mc up ahead. I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence. Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey-and the best part of yourself. 46. Why did the author use to take freeways to her parents' home? A. It was less tiring. B. It would be fester and safer. C. Her kids would feel less confined. D. She felt better with other drivers nearby. 47. The author stopped regularly on the country roads to ______. A. relax in the fresh air B. take a deep breath C. take care of the lamb D. let the kids play with Banner 48. What does the author discover from the trip according to Paragraph 6? A. Freeways are where beauty hides. B. Getting close to nature adds to the joy of life. C. Enjoying the beauty of nature benefits one's health. D. One should follow side roads to watch wild animals. 49. Why did the author ask the kids to get out of the car on their way back home? A. To give herself some time to read. B. To order some food for them C. To play a game with them D. To let them cool down. 50. What could be the best title for the passage? A. Charm of the Detour B. The Road to Bravery C. Creativity out of Necessity D. Road Trip and Country Life 【语篇解读】本文我一篇记叙文。记叙了作者为了方便照顾年幼的孩子驱车去父母家时而不 得不改变多年行驶路线的经历，以及由此而产生的感悟。 段落 关键词 大意推测 第一部分 （Para. 1） Poet William Stafford; the detours; by accident; discovered the deep meaning of his words 由诗人 William Stafford 的话引 出故事：绕行路；偶然；发现 诗人的话的深层意义 第二部分 For years; the fastest, shortest, easiest 多年来一直未变的行车路线： （Para. 2-3） road; drive fast; arrive tired 多年来；最快最短由最容易的 道路；开得很快；到时很累 第三部分 （Para. 4-8） made the decision for me; took the country roads out of necessity; stop every hour; breathless and energized; looked out of the car window; better than the best ride down the freeway; in sweet silence 行车路线的改变：替我做决定； 出于需要走乡间公路；每个小 时停一下；气喘吁吁且活跃； 从车向外看；比高速路更好； 静谧 第四部分 （Para. 9） Opened our eyes; uncover the best part of a journey 作者的感悟： 开阔了视野；揭开旅途中最美 好的一部分 【解析】 46.B。细节推理题。难度：较易。题干关键词为 take freeways to her parents’ home 定位于第 二段。根据 We travelled the way most people do: the fastest, shortest, easiest road（我们行驶 在大多数人走的最快、最短、最便捷的公路上），可知作者选择这条路是因为它的快速与安 全。 47.C。细节理解题。难度：较易。找到本题的关键词 regularly（有规律地），文中提到表达 有规律的语句在第五段。根据 We had to stop every hour, let Banner shake out his legs and feed him（我们不得不每个小时就停下来，让 Banner 伸伸腿并喂喂他），可知停下来是为了照顾 这个可爱的小人 Banner. 48.B。推理判读题。难度：中等。找到题眼 Para.6.在 Para.6.中，作者带着孩子们一路欣赏乡 间美景：看到了齐腰深的草、车窗外紧随妈妈身后的猪宝宝、从水中跳出的鱼等。Here was life （这就是生活）。作者通过亲近大自然感到了生活的乐趣。 49.D。细节判断题。难度：较易。找到题干中的关键词组 ask the kids to get out of the car，定 位在 para.8.根据 On an empty section of road, everyone started quarrelling, stopped the car, ordered all kids out（在一个空旷的区域，孩子们开始争吵，我于是停下车，让他们都下车）， 可以看出，“孩子们吵架”是停车的原因。因此选项 D。（让他们冷静下来）为正确答案。 【干扰项排除】最具潜力干扰项是选项 A（为了给自己看书的时间），根据关键词我们知道 这不是作者停车的原因与目的，只是让孩子们下车之后，带来的一个结果。选项 B（给他们 预定食物）与选项 C（和他们一起游戏）均未在文中提及。 50.A。主旨判断题。难度：较难。本文通过叙述从这些年来为了贪图便捷快速走高速路，到 因为照顾年幼的孩子而不得选择乡间公路的过程中，欣赏了大自然的美景，发现了绕行路的 魅力。 【解题思路】主旨判断题的方法是找高频词。本文在第一段通过诗人的话就引出 detour，文 中多次都提及，在文章的最后一段的末句还是提及到了它。因此，高频词出现的选项就是正 确选项。 【难句学习】 1. But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words 翻译：很偶然我发现了他的这些话的深层含义。 分析：这是强调句型结构：it is/was……that/who……当被强调部分不是表“人”的词或短语 时，只能用 that。句子的主干是 I discovered the deep meaning of his words。 2. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey---and the best part of yourself. 翻译：但是和 Banner 一起的旅途开阔了我们对于这个对任何人来说四处瞎逛都很危险的世界 的视角，让我意识到绕行路可能会揭开旅途中最美好的那部分，即你自己最美好的那部分。 分析：句子的主干是 that trip 做主语；opened 和 made 一起做并列谓语。其中 adventurous enough to wander around 形容词短语做 world 的后置定语； that 引导的从句做动词 realize 的宾语从句。 D When asked about happiness, we usually think of someth.ng extraordinary, an absolute delight, which seems to get rarer the older we get. For kids, happiness has a magical quality. Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved (毫无掩饰的). In the teenage years the concept of happiness changes. Suddenly it's conditional on such things as excitement, love and popularity. I can still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party. In adulthood the things that bring deep joy—love, marriage, birth—also bring responsibility and the risk of loss. For adults, happiness is complicated(复杂的). My definition of happiness is "the capacity for enjoyment". The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It's easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, and even good health. I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday. First I was overjoyed when I shut the last lunch-box and had the house to myself. Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing, which 1 love. When the kids and my husband came home, 1 enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day. Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work. I don't think that my grandmother, who raised 14 children, had much of either. She did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what satisfied her. We, however, with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area, have turned happiness into one more thing we've got to have. We're so self-conscious about our "right" to it that it's making us miserable. So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success, without noticing that the people who have those things aren't necessarily happier. Happiness isn't about what happens to us―it's about how we see what happens to us. It's the skillful way of finding a positive for every negative. It's not wishing for what we don't have, but enjoying what we do possess. 51. As people grow older, they ______. A. feel it harder to experience happiness B. associate their happiness less with others C. will take fewer risks in pursuing happiness D. tend to believe responsibility means happiness 53. What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 5 and 6? A. She cans little about ha own health B. She enjoys the freedom of trawling C. She is easily pleased by things in daily life. D. She prefers getting pleasure from housework 53. What can be inferred from Paragraph 7? A. Psychologists think satisfying work is key to happiness B. Psychologists* opinion is well proved by Grandma's case. C. Grandma often found time for social gatherings D. Grandma's happiness came from modest expectations of life, 54. People who equal happiness with wealth and success A. consider pressure something blocking their way B. stress their right to happiness too much C. arc at a loss to make correct choices D. arc more likely to be happy 55. What can be concluded from the passage? A. Happiness lies between the positive and the negative. B. Each nun is the master of his own fate C. Success leads to happiness. D. Hippy is he who is content. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。首段开门见山提出幸福是随着年龄的增长越来越难有的一 种感觉，随后从儿童、少年、成年人、自身以及心理学家们的角度来界定何谓幸福。文章最 后点明观点。 段落 关键词 大意推测 第一部分 （Para. 1） get rarer, the older 开门见山提出问题：谈谈幸 福 年龄越大，幸福感越稀有 第二部分 （Para. 2-7） for kids; the teenager; the adults; my definition of happiness，psychologists 不同人群对幸福的界定： 儿童，青少年，成年人，我 以及心理学家们对幸福的界 定 第三部分 （Para. 8-9） so self-conscious, making us miserable, chase it and equal it with wealth and success, enjoying what we do possess. 得出结论： 如此下意识的的；使我们很 痛苦；追求它，把它等同于 财富和成功，享受我们所拥 有的。 【解析】 51.A。细节判断题。难度：较易。找到题干关键词 get older,定位在第一段。根据 which seems to get rarer the older we get.（我们年龄越大，幸福感越稀有），锁定正确答案 A.（觉得很难 体验到幸福）。 52.C。细节理解题。难度：中等。找到题干的题眼：Para.5and 6.通读两个段落，第五段主要 在谈论作者对幸福界定：享受我们所拥有的就是幸福；第六段现身说法，从独享独处到享受 一家人热热闹闹的场景，告诉我们：幸福很容易，就在我们身边。因此，正确答案：她很容 易感受日常生活中的事物带来的幸福，选项 C. 53.D。推理判断题。难度：较难。题干的题眼为 Para.7.通读完整个段落，找到结论性句子 She did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what satisfied her（尽管她没有 休闲的娱乐时间没有满意的工作，但她的确有亲近的朋友与家人圈，这可能是她幸福的地方 吧）。由此可断定 Grandma 的幸福来自于对生活的适度期望。 干扰项排除：选项 A（哲学家们认为令人满意的工作是幸福的关键）。由本段的第一句就知 道这个说法很片面；选项 B（奶奶的个案有力地证明了心理学家们的观点）。从本段的第二 句话可以看出这个说法正好与作者的观点相反；选项 C（奶奶经常会找到参加社交的时间） 文中并未提及，作者只是提及奶奶有自己的朋友圈，但这不能表明奶奶总能有时间参加社交。 54.B。细节判断题。难度：较易。找到题干的关键词 equal，定位在 para.8，根据 We’re so self-conscious about our right to it that it’s making us miserable. So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success……（我们如此看重对于幸福的权利以至于它使得我们很痛苦，因此，我 追求它，把它等同于财富和成功），因此，锁定答案 stress their right to happiness too much （过分强调对于幸福的权利）。 55.D。主旨概括题。难度：较难。对于议论文的文章，重点在首末段。首段可能抛出问题或 者提出某个观点；末段进行总结概括。本文的首段提出：人们对于幸福的感受，随着年龄的 增长感受幸福的机会越稀有。属于开篇提出问题。末段末句 It's not wishing for what we don’t have ,but enjoying what we do possess（幸福不是渴望我们没有的；而是享受我们所真正拥有 的）。锁定答案 D。 【难句学习】 1. When asked about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, an absolute delight, which seems to get rarer the older we get. 翻译：当被问及幸福的时候，我们通常会想起不平凡的事物或者绝对的喜悦，这种幸福感随 着我们年龄的增大感受的机会越稀少。 分析：句子的主干是 we usually think of something extraordinary, an absolute delight；when 引 导的是时间状语从句，从句省略了 we are；which 引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词为 happiness。 2. It's not wishing for what we don’t have ,but enjoying what we do possess 翻译：幸福不是渴望我们没有的；而是享受我们所真正拥有的。 分析：本句是由连词 not……but……（不是……而是……）引导的。两个 what 从句分别做 wish for 与 enjoy 的宾语从句。 第三部分：写作 第一节：阅读表达 阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 My name is Clara. I still remember that chilly December day, sitting in science class. I’d finished a worksheet early and picked up a TIME for Kids magazine. A piece of news caught my eyes: NASA was holding an essay contest to name its Mars rover (火星探测器). Before I even knew anything else about it, a single word flooded my 11-year-old mind: Curiosity. I couldn’t wait for the bell to ring so I could get started in my essay. That afternoon, I raced home, sat down at the computer, and typed until my fingers ached. “Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyone’s mind…” Five months later, my mom received a phone call, and immediately, a wide smile spread across her face. On August 5, 2012, at 10:31 p.m., the rover named Curiosity touched down safely on the surface of Mars, and I was honored to have a front-row seat in NASA. Curiosity is such an important part of who I am. I have always been fascinated by the stars, the planets, the sky and universe. I remember as a little girl, my grandmother and I would sit together in the backyard for hours. She’d tell me stories and point out the stars. Grandma lived in China, thousands of miles away from my home in Kansas, but the stars kept us together even when we were apart. They were always there, yet there was so much. I didn’t know about them. That’s what I love so much about space. People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mars. My answer is simple: because we’re curious. We human beings do not just hole up in one place. We are constantly wondering and trying to find out what’s over the hill and beyond the horizon. 56. How did Clara get the news about the essay contest? (no more than 10 words) 57. Why did Clara have a front-row seat in NASA? (no more than 10 words) 58. What does Clara remember about the time spent with Grandma? (no more than 15 words) 59. What does the underlined phrase “hole up” mean? (1 word) 60. In your opinion, why is curiosity important? (no more than 20 words) 【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。通过亲身经历讲述了好奇心的重要性。第 1 段写 了故事的背景，段尾点题：Curiosity；第 2-4 段作者写了以好奇心为题的文章，大获成功；第 5 段提出了中心论点：好奇心相当重要。因为好奇才充满了对太空的爱。第 6 段总结，呼应 全文。 【解题技巧】 1．重首尾：主旨大意题需要注意短文的首段和尾段，因为通常首段是对主题的概述，尾段是 对全文的总结。 2．巧定位：短文转述填空题需要巧妙地利用句中的关键词定位短文中相关的语句。 3．抓细节：封闭性问题需要根据疑问词和关键词抓住短文中的相关事实或细节。 4．明结构：句子填空题需要弄明白短文的篇章结构和上下文的逻辑关系。 【解题思路】 56.直接信息题。封闭性问题，考查对文中具体信息细节的理解。根据解题技巧，定位在第一 段 picked up a TIME for Kids magazine. A piece of news caught my eyes…问题问的是 Clara 怎样 得到作文比赛信息的？因此可以填：By reading a TIME for Kids magazine. Or: From a TIME for Kids magazine.。 57. 概括归纳题。要求考生抓住关键词“Curiosity”概括归纳，两个原则：一、必须体现关键词； 二、控制不超过 10 词数。定位在文章的第 2-4 段。根据解题技巧，我们可以概括出：She won the essay contest held by NASA. Or: She named the Mars rover “Curiosity”. Or: “Curiosity” was chosen as the name of the Mars rover.。 58. 信息转换题。封闭性问题，考查对文中具体信息细节的理解与转化。根据解题技巧，定 位在第五段 I remember as a little girl, my grandmother and I would sit together in the backyard for hours. She’d tell me stories and point out the stars. Grandma lived in China, thousands of miles away from my home in Kansas, but the stars kept us together even when we were apart. 题干 Clara 记得和祖母在一起度过的是什么？不超过 15 个词，所以我们转化为：She sat together with Grandma listening to her stories about the stars. Or: Her grandma told her stories about the stars. Or: They sat together talking about the stars.。 59. 英文释义题。要求考生理解文中具体语境，根据上下文文推断新生词的词义或是熟词僻 义。文章最后一段 We human beings do not just hole up in one place. 前面强调了好奇心，紧接 着后面有 We are constantly wondering and trying to find out what’s over the hill and beyond the horizon.说明 hole up 可以理解为：Stay/ Remain /Live /Hide。 60.这是一道开放性问题。要求考生既要概括本文主旨，又要结合实际有自己的对于好奇心的 理解。题目要求不超过 20 个词，所以精炼地总结为： Curiosity is important because it leads to discover or invention. Or: With curiosity, we keep asking questions and exploring the world unknown. Or: Curiosity drives us through our lives so that we never stop wondering about the things beyond our knowledge.。 【长难句学习】 1. That afternoon, I raced home, sat down at the computer, and typed until my fingers ached. “Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyone’s mind…” 【翻译】那天下午，我飞奔回家，坐在电脑旁，写啊写，指导我的手指疼了为止。“好奇心是 一簇燃烧在每个人心中的永恒的火焰……” 【分析】第一句话一连三个动词：raced, sat, and typed…表明作者写文章的那种迫不及待。作 文题目“Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyone’s mind…”中出现了 everlasting 永 久的, 永恒的，that burns in everyone’s mind 定语从句修饰前面的 an everlasting flame。 2. Grandma lived in China, thousands of miles away from my home in Kansas, but the stars kept us together even when we were apart. 【翻译】祖母住在中国，我家在美国堪萨斯州，相隔数千英里，但即便我们分开，星星也会 让我们保持在一起。 【分析】本句出现了两个逗号，两个逗号中间的部分是对 China 的补充说明，Kansas 是美国 堪萨斯州。转折连词 but 突出重点：即便我们分开，星星也会让我们保持在一起。 3. We are constantly wondering and trying to find out what’s over the hill and beyond the horizon. 【翻译】我们不断地想要探索、试图找出山顶上空有什么，海平面下方有什么。 【分析】constantly 持续不断地，修饰 wondering and trying to find out。后面的 what’s over the hill and beyond the horizon 是宾语从句。 写作： 题型分析 2013 年天津高考英语作文形式属于提纲式作文，要求学生根据三个给出的要点，写出一 篇竞选报告体现了英语学习应该注意实用性、生活性的原则。提纲类书面表达不是简单的逐 条翻译，而是将所给的几个要点合理的组成比较通顺的语句，因此要仔细组织语言，合理安 排结构。在语言方面，要特别注意简洁明了，开头要开门见山。 审题要素 一．写作时应注意下面几点： （1）注意人称，应该用第一人称的形式给美国朋友 Tom 写信。 （2）注意时态的正确使用：从试题的内容上可以看出在表达要点 1 时应用过去时态； 而要点 2 中的几个方面则应该用一般将来时态。 （3）书信的格式正确，语言简练。 （4）注意恰当使用逻辑词语，使各个要点间逻辑连贯，行文通顺。 二．拟定提纲，按照规律行文写作 可采用三段式结构，即引言(introduction)——主体(body)——结尾(conclusion)。引言部分 通常引题即可，然后在限定的范围内组织要点，完成主体部分和结尾部分。写作时要遵 循以下规律： 1．开头部分 开头部分必须点题，用 2－3 个句子完成，其中要有一个漂亮的过渡句。 2．主体部分 主体部分其实是让学生用言简意赅的语言叙述一个结构完整、思想意义饱满的事例。注意 所讲的事例一定要能突出话题的中心，可用 8—10 个句子完成。 3．结尾部分 结尾部分要用概括性的语言来总结全文主题，得出结论，回归话题。其实，该部分就是在 叙事的基础上加以评论，是记叙文写作中的“小抒情”。 思路导引 【思路导引】 首先，简单的自我介绍。（name, character, hobby…） 其次，打算在校内举行的活动（lectures, parties…） 最后，打算在校际间举行的活动(debate competitions, English speech contests…) 标准范文 Good afternoon, my dear friends My name is Li Jin, an outgoing boy being good at getting along with both teachers and students. I’m fond of taking part in various kinds of activities as well as organizing them, so now I’d like to run for vice president of our English Club. If I have the honor to win the election, I’ll try to organize activities related to English as many and colorful as possible in our college, such as English lectures, English parties etc. Meanwhile, English debate competitions and English speech contests between colleges will attract a large number of students, too, from which we could benefit much in improving our English level. I would appreciate it if I could be given the chance to serve the students, and I’ll go all out to do it well. Thank you! 赏析： 重点短语、词语 get along with 与某人相处；run for 竞选；have the honor to do 有 幸做；related to 与……有关；benefit from 从……中受益；go all out to do 竭尽全力做 重点、高级句型 1. My name is Li Jin, an outgoing boy being good at getting along with both teachers and students. 其中有同位语，有分词短语做 定语。 2. If I have the honor to win the election, I’ll try to organize activities related to English as many and colorful as possible in our college, such as English lectures, English parties etc. 主从复 合句，其中包括了过去分词短语作定语。 3. English debate competitions and English speech contests between colleges will attract a large number of students, too, from which we could benefit much in improving our English level. 主从复合句，其中有 from which 引导的非限定性定语从句。 参考答案 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. D 11.. A 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. D 16. C 17. D 18. A 19. B 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. D 24. B25. A 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. A 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. D 41. A 42. C 43. D 44. B 45. C 46. B 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. A 51. A 52. C 53. D 54. B 55. D 56. By reading a TIME for Kids magazine. Or: From a TIME for Kids magazine. 57. She won the essay contest held by NASA. Or: She named the Mars rover "Curiosity". Or: "Curiosity" was chosen as the name of the Mars rover. 58. She sat together with Grandma listening to her stories about the stars. Or: Her grandma told her stories about the stars. Or: They sat together talking about the stars. 59. Stay/Remain/Live/Hide. 60. Curiosity is important because it leads to discovery or invention. Or: With curiosity, we keep asking questions and exploring the world unknown. Or: Curiosity drives us through our lives so that we never stop wondering about the things beyond our knowledge.