高考一轮复习高考英语语法综合训练2 9页

‎2019年高考一轮复习语法综合训练（二）‎ 一 语法填空 A 篇 ‎ 此卷只装订不密封 班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 ‎ ‎【此卷只装订不密封 班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 ‎ 2019届大象天成大联考全国名校联盟高三第二次考试】‎ The importance of punctuality (守时) in our daily lives 41． (be) obvious. It affects both the individual (个 人) and the workplace.‎ On 42． whole, the workplace operates more smoothly when employees are punctual. For example, when everyone is on time for a meeting, the meeting will start smoothly as it 43． (schedule). Punctuality may help you achieve advancement. Research shows that managers are less 44． (like) to promote late employees.‎ Lack of punctuality affects the people in the workplace. It may lead to anger, as colleagues who are on time compare 45． (they) with late-comers. Being late throws you out of the group, as you may miss important 46． (inform). This causes a harmful division among employees. Leaders affect the entire workplace. When leaders are late, it sends an irresponsible message to employees,47． may decrease their work enthusiasm. Lateness leads to stress, and stress brings 48． poor workplace performance. Being consistently late may cause you 49． (start) believing your lateness is acceptable. When this happens, you begin to blame outside circumstances and lose focus on potential solutions. To make matters 50． (bad), constant lateness can eventually make you lose your job.‎ ‎【解析】本文主要讲了迟到的坏处以及由迟到引发的各种问题。‎ ‎41．考查时态。表示一个客观的事实，用一般现在时，且主语是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用单数，填is。‎ ‎42．考查固定短语。on the whole总的来说，是固定短语，所以填the。‎ ‎43．考查语态。it 与schedule之间是被动关系，用被动语态，且在一般现在时中，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，填is scheduled。‎ ‎44．考查固定句型。be likely to do可能作某事；很可能，是固定句型，所以填likely。‎ ‎45．考查反身代词。句意为它可能会引起愤怒，因为按时的同事会拿他们自己和迟到的人相比较。表示“他们自己”，所以填themselves。‎ ‎46．考查名词。作miss的宾语，用名词，所以填information。‎ ‎47．考查非限制性定语从句。___7___ may decrease their work enthusiasm.作定语修饰an irresponsible message to employees，且有逗号隔开，所以___7___ may decrease their work enthusiasm.是一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，所以填which。‎ ‎48．考查固定短语。句意为压力引起很差的工作表现。bring about引起，是固定短语，所以填about。‎ ‎49．考查固定句型。cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事,是固定句型，所以填to start。‎ ‎50．考查固定用法。to make matters worse更糟糕的是，更严重的是,是固定用法，所以填worse。‎ 名师点睛：小题7考查非限制性定语从句。现对非限制性定语从句的用法进行总结：‎ 一、非限制性定语从句的概念 　　非限制性定语从句对先行词仅起到附加修饰或说明的作用， 有时对整个主句或主句的部分内容作进一步的说明。若去掉它， 整个主句的意思不受影响。例如： 　　Next winter, which you will spend in Harbin, I’m sure, will be another exciting holiday． 　　可以肯定，你将要去哈尔滨度过的下个冬天， 将会是又一个令人兴奋的假期。 　　I walked in our garden, where Tom and Jimmy were tying a big sign onto one of the trees． 　　我在我们的花园里漫步，在这里汤姆和吉米正把一块大标志牌绑在一棵树上。 二、非限制性定语从句的形式 ‎ 非限制性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密，因而通常要用逗号与主句分隔开。例如： Have you seen the film Titanic, whose leading actor is world famous? 你看过“泰坦尼克号”这部电影吗？它的男主演可是世界闻名的。 My friend, who has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month． 　我有位朋友，他一辈子服务于国际奥林匹克委员会，下个月就要退休了。 三、非限制性定语从句引导词的特殊情况 　　1．非限制性定语从句不可用that引导， 在非限制性定语从句中用who(作主语) / whom(作宾语)指人，用which(作主语 / 宾语)指物， 用whose作定语(指人 / 物)。例如： 　　The famous basketball star, who tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention． 　　这位试图打反击的著名篮球明星吸引了众人的关注。 　　The film, whose director is an old man, is very instructive． 　　这部电影很有教育意义， 它的导演是位老人。 　　2．关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可省略，若指人时，只用whom，不用 who。例如： 　　York, which I visited last year, is a nice old city． 　　我去年访问过的约克是个古老而美丽的城市。 　　Please give the book to Jessica, whom we met in the hall just now． 　　请把这本书交给杰西卡，就是刚才我们在大厅里遇到的那位。 　　3．非限制性定语从句不可用why引导， 需用for which替代why。例如： 　　None of us accepted the reason he explained, for which he was absent． 　　我们没有一个人接受他所解释的缺席的理由。 ‎ B篇 ‎【重庆市重点中学九校联盟2019届高三上学期第一次联合考试】‎ A humanoid robot（类人机器人）named Sophia has made history by becoming he first robot in the world ____41____ (award) citizenship. Saudi Arabia（沙特阿拉伯）on Wednesday offered citizenship to the robot, designed by David Hanson. Journalist Andrew Ross made the ____42____ (announce) at the end of an interview with Sophia.‎ Sophia ____43____ (response), without missing a beat: “I want to thank very much the kingdom of Saudi Arabia.”‎ ‎“I am very ____44____ (pride) and honored for this unique distinction. This is historical to be the first robot in the world to be recognized with a citizenship,” the robot said.‎ The particulars of the citizenship were not discussed, and it’s not clear ____45____ Sophia will have the same rights as a human Saudi Arabian citizen.‎ ‎___46___ (discuss) the future of AI (artificial intelligence), Ross expressed concerns previously raised by Elon Musk ____47____ AI could be dangerous if it were to go evil and turn on humanity. ____48____ Sophia insisted it wanted to use AI only to “help humans live a better life”.‎ Sophia tried to remove Ross’ （那个采访的记者）fears of a “bad future,” insisting that AI is “designed around human ____49____ (value) like wisdom, kindness, compassion”. It accused him ____50____ “reading too much Elon Musk,” and said, “don’t worry, if you’re nice to me, I’ll be nice to you. Treat me as a smart input-output system”.‎ ‎【解析】文章报道了一个类人机器人Sophia被授予沙特阿拉伯公民，成为第一个被授予公民权利的机器人。‎ ‎41. to be awarded 考查不定式的被动。句中the first robot和动词award是被动关系，指机器人被授予公民身份。此处是make sb. do sth.结构，主动形式中省去to被动语态中要补出to，故填不定式的被动形式to be awarded.‎ ‎42. announcement考查名词。此处由the限定做made的宾语用名词，指作出宣布，故填announcement.‎ ‎43. responded考查动词。与全文时态一致，叙述发生过的事用一般过去时，故填responded.‎ ‎44. proud.考查形容词。此处由very修饰做系动词am的表语用形容词，故填proud.‎ ‎45. if/whether.考查连词。此处指是否Sophia和沙特阿拉伯公民有同等的权利还没明确，表示是否，故填if/whether.‎ ‎46. Discussing.考查动词形式。句中主语Ross和动词discuss是主动关系，此处作状语用动词-ing形式，故填Discussing.‎ ‎47. that.考查连词。句中包含concerns的同位语从句，由that引导，故填that.‎ ‎48. But.考查连词。句意：Ross表达了对人工智能如果变邪恶，会对人类构成危险的担心，但是Sophia说它只是想帮助人类过更好的生活。前后句是转折关系，故填But.‎ ‎49. values.考查名词。此处由human修饰指“人类的价值观念”，根据like wisdom, kindness,‎ ‎ compassion用复数，故填values.‎ ‎50. of.考查介词。accuse sb. of sth.表示“指责/控告某人做某事”，是固定搭配。故填of.‎ C篇 ‎【重庆中学巴蜀中学2019届高三9月高考适应月考】‎ The world’s wildlife population___41___ (suffer) a devastating loss of almost three ___42___(five)since 1970, says a new report by the Zoology Society of London and the World Wildlife Foundation. According to its findings, animals ___43___ (live) in lakes, rivers and wetlands are the biggest victims. The report also suggests that vertebrate(脊椎动物)populations have continued to decline ___44___(steady)by around two percent every year.‎ Obviously, humans know ___45___the causes to the changes are, among which human activity and climate change are mainly to ___46___(blame)---habitat loss, wildlife trade and pollution, says the report.‎ Te researchers collected data from___47___ (govern) statistics, scientific studies and NGO reports, covering 3,700 different species of animals, which represent about six percent of the total number of vertebrates in the world.‎ The report has also drawn criticism, ____48____some scientists arguing that the data on ___49___it is based is not wide and representative enough to generate ___50___ single number for the decline of wildlife worldwide.‎ ‎【解析】本文论述的是有关世界范围的野生动物下降的问题。‎ ‎41. 根据since 1970自从１９７０年以来，可知句子用现在完成时态，population是句子主语，单数第三人称形式，故答案为has suffered。‎ ‎42. 此处是分数的表达，四分之三，分子用基数词，分母用序数词的复数形式，故答案为fifths。‎ ‎43. 句意：生活在湖、河和沼泽地的动物。此处是现在分词做后置定语，答案为ｌｉｖｉｎｇ。‎ ‎44. 此处是副词修饰动词，答案为steadily。‎ ‎45. 句意：人类知道变化的起因是什么。ｗｈａｔ引导宾语从从句，其双重作用。‎ ‎46. 句意：人类活动和气候变化要承担主要责任。ｂｅ　ｔｏ　ｂｌａｍｅ应承担责任，答案为ｂｌａｍｅ。‎ ‎47. 句意：研究者收集了来自政府的数据。根据句意可知答案为government。‎ ‎48. 句意：随着一些科学家的辩论。此处是ｗｉｔｈ的独立主格结构，答案为ｗｉｔｈ。‎ ‎49. 句意：它以这些数据为基础。此处the data是先行词，后面是介词+which引导的定语从句，可知答案为which。‎ ‎50. 句意：它的基础数据不全，没有足够的代表性为世界范围的野生动物的下降产生一个单一的数量。可知答案为a。‎ ‎【名手点睛】‎ ‎1.Since自从---以来（可做介词和连词），和现在完成时态连用。‎ He has lived here since he came. 自从他来到这里，就一直在这里住着。‎ ‎2.It is /has been+一段时间+since 主语+一般过去时态+其他。自从做某事有多长时间了。‎ 在这个句型中如果从句的动作是终止性动词，则表示从动作开始到现在多长时间了；如果从句的动作是持续性动词，则表示从动作结束到现在多长时间了。It is three years since he joined (终止性动词)the army.他参军有三年了；It is five years since he lived（持续性动词）here.他离开这有五年了。‎ 二 短文改错 此卷只装订不密封 班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 ‎ A篇 此卷只装订不密封 班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 ‎ ‎【此卷只装订不密封 班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 ‎ 2019届大象天成大联考全国名校联盟高三第二次考试】‎ My husband and I were having a walk the other night. Suddenly, I noticed lots of garbage lying on all sides of the road. So I went home in a hurry, thought cleaning up the garbage could make the difference to the neighborhood. The moment when I got home, I took out a pair of glove and a large garbage bag. Then I came back but picked up the cans, bottles, paper boxes on the road. Final, I carefully sorted them out. My husband warned, “Stopping it! Other people will look down you.” But I didn’t care. Sometimes we just had to do what is right in our heart.‎ ‎【解析】本文主要讲了作者和她的丈夫在外边散步时，作者看到路上有许多垃圾，于是决定回家取上工具打扫垃圾。作者丈夫认为这样做很丢人，但是作者并不认为这是很丢人的事情。作者觉得有时候我们要去做内心认为对的事情。‎ ‎1.考查both与all用法的区别。句意为突然，我注意到马路两边有许多垃圾。all表示三者或三者以上，而both表示两者，所以all改成both。‎ ‎2.考查非谓语动词。think与其逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，用现在分词，所以thought改成thinking。‎ ‎3.考查固定用法。make a difference有影响，有关系，是固定用法，所以the改成a。‎ ‎4.考查the moment 的用法。“the moment + 句子”用来引导状语从句，意为“一……就”，相当于"as soon as"引导的状语从句，所以删除when。‎ ‎5.考查名词单复数。句意为“我拿出一双手套”，“一双手套”是复数意义，所以glove改成 gloves。‎ ‎6.考查连词。came back与 picked up the cans, bottles, paper boxes on the road之间是并列关系，所以but改成and。‎ ‎7.考查副词。句意为最后，我小心地为它们分类。修饰整个句子，用副词，所以Final改成Finally。‎ ‎8.考查祈使句。祈使句用动词原形，所以Stopping改成stop。‎ ‎9.考查固定短语。句意为其他人会看不起你。look down on / upon看不起，是固定短语，所以down后面加on/upon。‎ ‎10.考查时态。由时间状语Sometimes，可知表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般现在时，所以had改成have。‎ 名师点睛：小题1考查both与all用法的区别。现在对不定代词all，both，either，neither，none的用法进行总结。all“全体／大家／一切”，用于三者或三者以上，也可接不可数名词。eg.That's all for today.今天到此为止。 All of us are from China.我们都来自中国。 ‎ All the food is delicious.所有的食物都很好吃。 both表示两者“都”（强调全体）。 ‎ eg.Her parents are both doctors.她父母都是医生。 Both of them are doctors.他俩都是医生。 They both like potatoes.他俩喜欢吃土豆。either“两者之一”，用于两者（强调个体）。 ‎ eg.The two coats are cheap, so you can choose either of them.那两件外套不贵，你可以随便挑一件。 neither“两个都不”，用于否定两者。 ‎ eg. Neither Of the books is／are so interesting.那两本书没一本好看的。 ‎ none“没有一个人／物”，用于否定三者或三者以上的可数名词。 ‎ eg.None of them has／have been to Japan.他们都没去过日本。 ‎ I like none of the books.这些书我全都不喜欢。‎ B篇 ‎【重庆市重点中学九校联盟2019届高三上学期第一次联合考试】‎ Sorry to hear that you failed in the monthly exams. As is known to us that life is not a smoothly journey, which is full of ups and downs, so never lose the heart. But there are some tips for you to follow. Firstly, learn from your experiences. It’s strongly suggested that you figured out and reflect on your mistakes. To avoid make the same errors, you may as well tum your teachers for help. Secondly, work out a detailed plan. Make sure it is easy and practical to carry out and you should reward you when goals achieving. Thirdly, moderate relaxation is a must, because all work and no play make Jack a dull boy. Last but not least, stick to your ideal, which serves as a compass, guiding and motivating you across tough times. Wish you good luck.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】朋友考试失败，作者给朋友介绍了几点战胜困难实现目标的建议。‎ ‎1. As—it.考查it用法。句中is known to us和后面的 that从句相连接是一个句子，不是非限制性定语从句。that从句是真正的主语，it作形式主语。故As—it.‎ ‎2. smoothly—smooth.考查形容词。此处修饰名词journey用形容词不用副词，指顺利的旅行，故smoothly—smooth.‎ ‎3.删除the.考查固定短语。lose heart “丧失信心”，是固定短语。之间不加冠词。故删除the.‎ ‎4. figured—figure.考查虚拟语气。此处suggest后加that引导的宾语从句，用虚拟语气。动词用（should）+动词原形，此处figure用原形。故figured—figure.‎ ‎5. make—making.考查动词形式。动词avoid后加动词的-ing形式，此处指避免犯同样的错，故make—making.‎ ‎6.turn后加to.考查动词短语。turn to sb. for help “求助于某人”，turn后加介词to再加宾语，故turn后加to.‎ ‎7. you—yourself.考查反身代词。句中主语和宾语都是you,宾语用反身代词。此处指你应该奖励你自己。故you—yourself.‎ ‎8. achieving—achieved.考查过去分词。句中goals和 achieve是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。指目标被实现，故achieving—achieved.‎ ‎9. make—makes.考查主谓一致。句中主语是all work and no play，指只工作不玩这种现象，是单数，谓语与之一致也用第三人称单数，故make—makes.‎ ‎10.across—through.考查介词。across “横过”,此处指度过艰难时期用through表示度过，故across—through.‎ C篇 ‎【此卷只装订不密封 班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号 ‎ 重庆中学巴蜀中学2019届高三9月高考适应月考】‎ Kangaroo Island is the place where you can quiet “go bush” and see native Australian animals and birds as they are meant to be seen in the wild, which is filled with history dated back to 1802 when it was first sighted by Captain Matthew Flinders. The first European explorers found Kangaroo Island uninhabited, that evidenced by the lack for campfires and tamed animals. By far, aboriginal campsites have discovered in the number of areas.‎ As Australia’s third-large island, Kangaroo Island has a beach to suit every moods. However, the island attracts surfers, scuba divers, and those enthusiastic about exploring the ocean around their shores.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】1.句意：Kangaroo Island是一个地方---。此处表示泛指，故把the---a。‎ ‎2.副词修饰动词，故把quiet---quietly。‎ ‎3.句意：追溯到1802年的历史。此处是现在分词做后置定语，故把dated---dating。‎ ‎4.句意：正如被营火和驯服动物缺乏的证明。此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句，故把that---as。‎ ‎5.句意：营火和驯服动物的缺乏。根据句意可知把for---of。‎ ‎6.句意：土著人的营地已在大量地区被发现发现。根据句意可知用现在完成时态的被动语态，故在have ‎ discovered之间加been。‎ ‎7.固定词组：a number of许多，大量，故把the---a。‎ ‎8.句意：作为澳大利亚第三最大的岛。故把third-large---third-largest。‎ ‎9.every修饰单数名词，故把moods---mood。‎ ‎10.句意：作为澳大利亚第三大岛，Kangaroo Island有适合每个心情的海滩。所以这个岛吸引了---。根据句意可知此处表示因果关系，故把However---Therefore/So。‎