- 97.50 KB
- 2021-05-14 发布
- 1、本文档由用户上传，淘文库整理发布，可阅读全部内容。
- 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方，所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议，请立即联系网站客服。
- 3、本文档由用户上传，本站不保证质量和数量令人满意，可能有诸多瑕疵，付费之前，请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
- 网站客服QQ：403074932
第十一讲：情态动词
一、常见考点：
1. can, must, may, should, might表示推测时的区别
2. can’t，mustn’t, may not, needn’t等否定形式的用法
3. should和ought to表示“义务”和“推断”的用法
4. shall和will 作为情态动词用时的用法特点
5. need 和 dare 作为情态动词和实义动词用时的用法特点
6. had better, used to 和would rather的各类用法特点。
二、 情态动词的基本用法：
1. can（could）
（1） 能...、会....(表示能力)
He can speak English better than you
注意：①be able to 强调经过努力、克服困难等完成某事；则was/were able to表示过去经过努力等成功的做成了某事；②could 表示原来具备某种能力，现在没有这种能力了
（2） 能够。。。、可以。。。（表示可能、许可）
“May I use your telephone?” “Yes, you can.” / You can’t park your car in this street.
注意：此时，can可以表示表示理论上的或逻辑上的，或偶尔发生的事情，或一时的事情或特有的事情。如：It can be windy on the top of the mountain./ she can be forgettable sometimes./ Tigers can be dangerous. /Jogging can be harmful for the health. The temperature can fall to -60℃.（气温可降至零下60℃）
(3) 请做。。。、得。。。（表示温和的命令）
I will do the cooking, and you can do the washing. 我来做饭，请你去洗衣服
（4）能不能。。。，要不要。。。（用于疑问句，表示客气的请求、提议）
Can you give me a lift to the station?
Can’t you lend me 10 dollars？请你借给我10美元吧？
（5）构成下列特殊句式：
①can not/ can never...too...或cannot...enough...“无论怎么。。。也不过份； 越。。。越好 ；非常。。。”
One cannot be too carefull. 越认真越好。
②cannot help doing.../ cannot help but do.../ cannot but do...”“禁不住；不由得；不得不”
When a close friend dies, you cannot feel but sad. 当一个密友死的时候 ， 你会禁不住伤心的.
(6) can 还可以用于一般疑问句和否定句表示推测？someone is knocking. Who can it be ? 而在肯定句中表推测要用must和may
2. may/ might
(1) 可以。。。（表准许、请求） eg: You may go home now, Susan. 苏珊，你现在可以回家了
(2) 但愿；祝。。。(表愿望、祝福；此时，句子要用倒装语序) May you succeed.祝你成功。
(3) 为了，为了能够（用于目的状语从句so..that.../ such....that....）
He works hard so that he may get good grade.
(4) 即使，无论（用于让步状语从句中） Whatever he may say, I don’t believe him.
(5) 构成句型 may as well do sth/ might as well do sth (不妨去做某事，还是做某事的好)
(6) May 的否定回答不用may，
---May I use your bike?
---No, you mustn’t/ You’d better not. / please don’t (肯定：Yes, please. / Certainly)
3. must
(1) 必须、得、要（表义务、必要性、命令）Animals must eat to live.(为了活下去，动物必须吃东西。)
---Must I washing the sidhes at once?
---No, you needn’t.. / yes , you must
注： mustn’t 表示“禁止、不准”。Eg: You mustn’t play with the knife; you might hurt yourself.
(2) 必定（表必然性）。 Everyone must die. 每个人都必定会死。
（3）偏偏、偏要、硬要（表固执、不满等）：If you must know, I’m going to help him look for an apartment.如果你偏要知道，那我告诉你，我要去帮他找一套公寓。
（4）想必、一定、准是（表推测，只用于肯定句）。 He must be ill. He looks so pale.
(5) must 的否定回答用： No, you needn’t/ No, you don’t have to
4. shall
(1) 用于第一、第三人称，表示征求对方意见，请求指示等：Shall we go out for a walk?
注：may 征求对方的许可，而shall是征求对方意见
May I have a look?我能看一下嘛？？Shall I have a look? 要我看一下嘛？？
(2) 用与第二、第三人称，表示说话人的命令、警告、强制、允诺、威胁或决心等：
eg：He shall be sorry one day, I tell you. 我告诉你，他早晚有一天会后悔的（警告）
Don’t worry. You shall get the answer this very afternoon. (允诺)。
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. (决心)
（1） 应。。。/须。。/ 得。。(用于法律、规则等条文中)： The fine shall be given in cash.罚款应以现金
5. should
(1) 应该（表义务、责任） ：We should attend the meeting .我们应该参见这次会议。
（2）应该会、想必会、一定会（表预期）：The concert should be great fun. 音乐会一定很有意思。
（3）竟然、居然（表惊讶、遗憾）：I’m glad that your story should have won the first prize.
我很高兴，你的小说居然赢得头奖。
（2） 一旦、万一（用于条件状语从句中）：If she should know the truth, she would be greatly depressed.万一她知道了实情，她将会非常失望
（3） 用于一些表示命令、建议、请求等动词后面的that从句中,如：suggest, demand, recommend,advise,且，should可以在这个that从句中省略。They demanded that she (should) leave at once.
（4） 究竟是、到底是（与疑问词连用，表示意外、纳闷、惊讶等）
Who should come in but my old friend Betty！我当是谁进来了呢，原来是我的老朋友贝蒂啊。
（5） 用于与将来事实相反的if条件状语从句中，此时省略if ， 还可以引起倒装
If I shoud be free tomorrow, I would go wth you .=Should I be free tomorrow, I would go with you.
6. will
(1) 表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句：If you will read the book, I’ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书。。。
（2）表请求，用于疑问句：Will you close the door? It is a bit cold.
(3) 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作：The door won’t open.(这门打不开) Fish will die out of water.
(4) 表命令、叮嘱： No one will leave the examination room before 12 o’clock.12点前谁也不得离开考场。
（5）表猜测：That will be the postman at the door. 门口想必是邮差。
7. would
(1) 常常、经常（表过去的习惯性动作）：We would stay up all night talking our future.
区别：used to ____________________________________________________________
(2) 老是、偏要（表示说话者的厌烦、焦躁）：That’s exactly like Susie. She would come to me just when I was busy.苏西就是那个样子，她老是在我忙碌的时候来找我。
（3）就是（不能）（用于否定句，主语一般是物，表某物一时的、暂时的特性）That door wouldn’t open.
(4) 表示客气的请求、建议；或婉转的表达个人的想法、看法：Would you mind if I open the window?
8. ought to
（1）表义务、应该，口气比should稍重。
You are his father. You ought to take care of him.
(2) 表推测，暗含很大的可能： Han Mei ought to konw his telephone number.
9.used to
表示过去的习惯性动作或状态，现在不发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种：如I usedn’t to smoke.= I didn’t use to smoke.
10. have to (would rather+do)
have to和must的意义相近，只是 must侧重表示说话人的主观看法，而have to 则表示客观需要，如：I must study hard. I had to give it up because of illness.
11. need 和 dare
这两个词都即可用作情态动词， 也可用作实义动词。
① 用作情态动词，主要用于否定句和疑问句； 用作实义动词，主要用于肯定句（当然也可以用于否定句等）
② 用作实义动词：You needn’t do it yourself.=You don’t need to do it yourself.
I need to tell them the news.
③ need的主语是物时，其后的动词可以是：doing或to be done.
The table needs painting. = The table needs to be painted.
④ dare 在否定句中，用作实义动词时，其后的to可带，也可以不带。
He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。
⑤ I dare say.... 为固定习语，意思是“我敢说。。。。”
三、 情态动词+have done的用法：
情态动词+have done一定表述的是过去的事情，且表示对过去发生的事情的推测、判断，或表某种强烈的语气（如惊讶、责备、赞叹等）
⑴ must + have done 表“过去肯定发生了某事”。The room is clean. Someone must have cleaned it.
注：绝对没有下面的形式：mustn’t have done.
⑵ may/might + have done 表示“过去可能发生了某事”，其中might 的语气要婉转些；但是主句中动词是过去时，一定要用might,如He said she might have missed the train.
⑶ could + have done,表示“过去本来能够做成某事，但是没有做到”:You could have succeeded.
⑷ can’t/couldn’t have done 表示“绝不可能发生了某事”：He couldn’t have taken all the medicine at a time.
⑸ should/ought to +have done, 表示“过去本来应该做某事，但实际上未做”
You are late again. You ought to have come one hour earlier.
⑹ shouldn’t+ have done/ 或oughtn’t to have done, 表示“过去不应该做某事而做了某事”
This is my letter. You shouldn’t have opened it.
⑺ needn’t + have done 表示“本没有必要做某事，而做了”
There was plenty of time, so she needn’t have hurried. 有充足的时间，所以她没有必要哪么急的。。
注：如果是对现在或将来的情况进行推测或判断，要用：“情态动词 + V-原”。
四、must 表示推测时：其反义疑问句的构成如下：
He must be a teacher, ______________?
She must have finished the work, _____________?
She must have finished the work last night, ______________?
She must have finished the work by the end of last month, ___________?
五：同步巩固训练:
基础训练：
1. -shall I tell John about it?
-No,you ___________.
A. needn't B.wouldn't C.mustn't D.shouldn't
2. Peter _____come with us tonight. But he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B.can C..may D.will
3. I didn't see her in the meeting room this morning. She ______ at the meeting.
A. mustn't have spoken B.Shouldn't have spoken
C.needn't have spoken D.can't have spoken
4. I didn't hear the telephone.I _____ asleep.
A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been
5. -______ I open the door for you?
-No,thanks.I can manage by myself.
A. Will B. May C. Shall D. Should
6. One ought _______ for what one hasn't done.
A.not to be punished B.to not be punished
C.be not to punished D.not be punished
7. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______escape.
A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to
8. I told Sally how to get here,but perhaps I _______ for her.
A.had to write it out B.must have written it out
C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out
9. A computer _____ think for iself; it must be told what to do.
A.can't B.couldn't C.may not S.might not
10. Tell Tom that he ____have the book next week.
A.shall B.will C.can D.would
11. If you really want yourself to be in good health.you must____always_____so much.
A.not;be smoking B.not;have smoked C.to not;be smoking D.not be;smoked
12. With so much work on hand,you ____to see the game last night.
A.mustn't go B.shouldn't go C.couldn't have gone D.shouldn't have gone
13. Someone is knocking at the door.Who __it be?
A.may B.must C.will D.can
14. -Look,it ____be Tom.
-No,it _____be him.He has gone to Beijing.
A.may,mustn't B.must,may C.must,can't D.can,may not
15. Don't be worried.The news ___ be ture.
A.may not B.mustn't C.needn't D.won't
16. "It's possible that Mr.wu is working now."
The sentence means ______.
A. Mr .Wu must be working now B. Mr . Wu can't be working now
C. Mr . Wu should work now D. Mr .Wu may be working now
17. You mother must be at home,_____ she?
A.mustn't B.doesn't C.isn't D.can't
18. - _____ I watch TV this evening?
- Yes,but you ______ finish your homework first.
A. Must;can B. May;must C. Must;may not D. Must,can't
19. -____I sleep here?
-No,you ___.
A. May;needn't B. May;mustn't C. Can;need D. May;may
20. -Must I turn off the light now?
-No.you ____.
A. needn't B.mustn't C.can't D.won't
21. You ___ so early.
A.need come B.doesn't need come C.needs come D.needn't come
22. We ____ them.They can do it by themselves.
A.need help B.don't need help C.don't need to help D.needn't to help
23. You'd better ___ in class.
A.not talk B.not to talk C.don't talk D.not talking
24. You ____ go with us now,or you will be late.
A.shall B.should C.would D.could
25. - Need I go to work now?
-Yes,you ____.
A.need B.can C.may D.must
26. Could you tell me if there ____plenty of rain in your hometown?
A.is B.would be C.are D.was
27. A boy was crossing the street in front of my car,and I _____ stop very quickly.
A.must B.have to C.has to D.had to
28. Xiao wang ____have been to Japan.He has never told this.
A.will not B.can not C.shall not D.may not
29. She _____have had a hard life since she looked much older than her age.
A.may B.may not C.mustn't D.must
30. He went home because his mother was ill.We ____have waited for him at the bus station for a long time.
A.needn't B.need C.must D.shall
31. You are late for class.You ____have come to school earlier.
A.shall B.must C.will D.should
32. Mr Wang is wet through.He ___caught in the rain.
A.must be B.must have been C.must has been D.must nave
(答案详解见最后面)
2007年真题：
1. —How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?
—It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted. [2007 全国卷I]
A. will B. would C. should D. must
2. —Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. [2007 上海卷]
—Great! You ______ read widely and put a lot of work into it.
A. must B. should C. must have D. should have
3. The teacher _______have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn't have wasted time on him, I suppose. [2007 安徽卷]
A. should B. can C. would D. must
4. In crowded places like airports and railway stations,you___ take care of your luggage. [2007 北京卷]
A. can B. may C. must D. will
5. My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where I have put it? [2007 福建卷]
A.can B.must C.should D.would
6. The biggest problem for most plants, which ________ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. [2007 湖南卷]
A. shan’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
7. —She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam. [2007 江苏卷]
—I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.
A. should B. could C. must D. might
8. —Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.
—You it in the wrong place. [2007 江西卷]
A.must put B.should have put C.might put D.might have put
9. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area . [2007 陕西卷]
A.need rcpairing B.needs to repair C.needs repairing D.need to repair
10. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her ther. [2007 陕西卷]
A.could B.must C.night D.should
11. The boss has given everyone a special holiday, so we go to work tomorrow. [2007 上海春]
A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．shouldn’t
12. 一What does the sign over there read?
一“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area．”[2007 四川卷]
A．will B．may C．shall D. must
13. —My cat’s really fat.
—You ______ have given her so much food. [2007 浙江卷]
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
14. —What do you think we can do for our aged parents?
—You ________ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. [2007 重庆卷]
A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to C. mustn’t D. can’t
15. —Turn off the TV, Jack.. ____ your homework now?
—Mum, just ten more minutes, please. [2007 辽宁卷]
A.Should you be doing B. Shouldn't you be doing C. Couldn't you be doing D. Will you be doing
2008年真题
福建卷）24. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _____ be rather cold sometime.
A. must B. can C. should D. would
（湖南卷）28. You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _____ find the book by the
title.
A. must B. need C. can D. would
（江苏卷）35. —I’m sorry. I ______ at you the other day.
—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted
（山东卷）24. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we ______ it without you.
A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed
（江西卷）26. What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he ____ better.
A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done
（辽宁卷）22. Peter ______ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.
A. shall B. should C. can D. must
(全国II)17. Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling.
A. will B. can C. must D. may
（陕西卷）9. –What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?
--Well, it _________ be big--that’s not important.
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. won’t
(四川卷)10. Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.
A. must B. may C. shall D. should
（浙江卷）11. You ______ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!
A. wouldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
（北京卷）21. John promised his doctor he ________ not smoke, and he has smoked ever since.
A. might B. should C. could D. would.
（天津卷）6. She ______ have left school, for her bike is still here.
A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
（重庆卷）30.– I can’t find my purse anywhere.
-- You __ have lost it while shopping.
A. may B. can C. should D. would
(上海卷)29. According to the air traffic rules, you ___ switch off your mobile phone before boarding.
A. may B. can C. would D. should
完型+阅读训练：（08辽宁卷）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I was a single parent of four small children, working at a low-paid job. Money was always tight, but we had a 36 over our heads, food on the table, clothes on our backs, and if not a lot, always 37 . Not knowing we were poor, my kids(孩子们) just thought I was 38 . I’ve always been glad about that.
It was Christmas time, and although there wasn’t 39 for a lot of gifts, we planned to celebrate with a family party. But the big 40 for the kids was the fun of Christmas 41 .
They planned weeks ahead of time, asking 42 what they wanted for Christmas. Fortunately, I had saved $120 for 43 to share by all five of us.
The big 44 arrived. I gave each kid a twenty-dollar bill and 45 them to look for gifts of about four dollars each. Then everyone scattered(散开). We had two hours to shop; then we would 46 back at the “Santa’s Workshop”.
Driving home, everyone was in high Christmas spirits, 47 my younger daughter, Ginger, who was unusually 48 . She had only one small, flat bag with a few candies — fifty-cent candies! I was so angry, but I didn’t say anything 49 we got home. I called her into my bedroom and closed the door, 50 to be angry again. This is what she told me.
“I was looking 51 thinking of what to buy, and I 52 to read the little cards on the ‘Giving Trees.’ One was for a little girl, four years old, and all she 53 for Christmas was a doll(玩具娃娃). So I took the card off the tree and 54 the doll for her. We have so much and she doesn’t have anything.”
I never felt so 55 as I did that day.
36. A. roof B. hat C. sky D. star
37. A. little B. less C. enough D. more
38. A. busy B. serious C. strict D. kind
39. A. effort B. room C. time D. money
40. A. improvement B. problem C. surprise D. excitement
41. A. shopping B. travelling C. parties D. greetings
42. A. the other B. each other C. one by one D. every other one
43. A. toys B. clothes C. presents D. bills
44. A. day B. chance C. cheque D. tree
45. A. forced B. reminded C. invited D. begged
46. A. draw B. stay C. move D. meet
47. A. including B. besides C. except D. regarding
48. A. quiet B. excited C. happy D. ashamed
49. A. since B. after C. while D. until
50. A. waiting B. ready C. hoping D. afraid
51. A. out B. over C. forward D. around
52. A. forgot B. stopped C. failed D. hated
53. A. wanted B. did C. got D. played
54. A. made B. searched C. bought D. fetched
55. A. angry B. rich C. patient D. bitter
请认真阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
I travel a lot, and I find out different “styles”(风格) of directions every time I ask “How can I get to the post office?”
Foreign tourists are often confused(困惑) in Japan because most streets there don’t have names; in Japan, people use landmarks(地标) in their directions instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, “Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus stop.”
In the countryside of the American Midwest, there are not usually many landmarks. There are no mountains, so the land is very flat; in many places there are no towns or buildings within miles. Instead of landmarks, people will tell you directions and distances. In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say, “Go north two miles. Turn east, and then go another mile.”
People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map; they measure distance in time, not miles. “How far away is the post office?” you ask. “Oh,” they answer, “it’s about five minutes from here.” You say, “Yes, but how many miles away is it?” They don’t know.
It’s true that a person doesn’t know the answer to your question sometimes. What happens in such a situation? A new Yorker might say, “Sorry, I have no idea.” But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers “I don’t know.” People in Yucatan believe that “I don’t know” is impolite. They usually give an answer, often a wrong one. A tourist can get very, very lost in Yucatan!
56. When a tourist asks the Japanese the way to a certain place, they usually ______.
A. describe the place carefully B. show him a map of the place
C. tell him the names of the streets D. refer to recognizable buildings and places
57. What is the place where people measure distance in time?
A. New York. B. Los Angeles. C. Kansas. D. Iowa.
58. People in Yucatan may give a tourist a wrong answer ______.
A. in order to save time B. Los Angeles.
C. so as to be polite D. for fun
59. What can we infer from the text?
A. It’s important for travelers to understand cultural differences.
B. It’s useful for travelers to know how to ask the way properly.
C. People have similar understandings of politeness.
D. New Yorkers are generally friendly to visitors.
B
Heroes of Our Time
A good heart
Dikembe Mutombo grew up in Africa among great poverty and disease. He came to Georgetown University on a scholarship(奖学金) to study medicine — but Coach(教练) John Thompson got a look at Dikembe and had a different idea. Dikembe became a star in the NBA, and a citizen of the United States. But he never forgot the land of his birth, or the duty to share his fortune with others. He built a new hospital in his old hometown in the Congo. Af friend has said of this good-hearted man: “Mutombo believes that God has given him this chance to do great things.”
Success and kindness
After her daughter was born, Julie Aigner-Clark searched for ways to share her love of music and art with her child. So she borrowed some equipment, and began filming children’s videos(录像) in her own house. The Baby
Einstein Company was born, and in just five years her business grew to more than $20 million in sales. And she is using her success to help others — producing child safety videos with John Walsh of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Julie says of her new program: “I believe it’s the most important thing that I have ever done. I believe that children have the right to live in a world that is safe.”
Bravery and courage
A few weeks ago, Wesley Autrey was waiting at a Harlem subway station with his two little girls when he saw a man fall into the path of a train. With seconds to act, Wesley jumped onto the tracks, pulled the man into the space between the rails(铁轨), and held him as the train passed right above their heads. He insists he’s not a hero. He says: “We have got to show each other some love.”
60. What was Mutombo praised for?
A. Being a star in the NBA. B. Being a student of medicine.
C. His work in the church. D. His willingness to help the needy.
61. Mutombo believes that building the new hospital is ______.
A. helpful to his personal development
B. something he should do for his homeland
C. a chance for his friends to share his money
D. a way of showing his respect to the NBA
62. What did the Baby Einstein Company do at its beginning?
A. Produce safety equipment for children.
B. Make videos to help protect children.
C. Sell children’s music and artwork.
D. Look for missing and exploited children.
63. Why was Wesley Autrey praised as a hero?
A. He helped a man get across the rails.
B. He stopped a man from destroying the rails.
C. He protected two little girls from getting hurt.
D. He saved a person without considering his own safety.
C
Tom was one of the brightest boys in the year, with supportive parents. But when he was 15 he suddenly stopped trying. He left school at 16 with only two scores for secondary school subjects. One of the reasons that made it cool for him not to care was the power of his peer(同龄人) group.
The lack of right male(男性的) role models in many of their lives — at home and particularly in the school environment(环境) — means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.
They don’t see men succeeding in society so it doesn’t occur to them that they could make something of themselves. Without male teachers as a role model, the effect of peer actions and street culture(文化) is all-powerful. Boys want to be part of a club. However, schools can provide the environment for change, and provide the right role models for them. Teachers need to be trained to stop that but not in front of a child’s peers. You have to do it one to one, because that is when you see the real child.
It’s pointless sending a child home if he or she has done wrong. They see it as a welcome day off to watch television or play computer games. Instead, schools should have a special unit where a child who has done wrong goes for the day and gets advice about his problems — somewhere he can work away from his peers and go home after the other children.
64. Why did Tom give up studying?
A. He disliked his teachers.
B. His parents no longer supported him.
C. It’s cool for boys of his age not to care about studies.
D. There were too many subjects in his secondary school.
65. What seems to have a bad effect on students like Tom?
A. Peer groups. B. A special unit.
C. The student judges. D. The home environment.
66. What should schools do to help the problem schoolboys?
A. Wait for their change patiently.
B. Train leaders of their peer groups.
C. Stop the development of street culture.
D. Give them lessons in a separate area.
67. A teacher’s work is most effective with a schoolboy when he ______.
A. is with the boy alone
B. teaches the boy a lesson
C. sends the boy home as punishment
D. works together with another teacher
E
If you boss asks you to work in Moscow this year, he’d better offer you more money to do so — or even double that depending on where you live now. That’s because Moscow has just been found to be the world’s most expensive city for the second year in a row by Mercer Human Resources Consulting.
Using the cost of living in New York as a base, Mercer determined Moscow is 34.4 percent more expensive including the cost of housing, transportation, food, clothing, household goods and entertainment(娱乐).
A two-bedroom flat in Moscow now costs $4,000 a month; a CD $24.83, and an international newspaper $6.30, according to Mercer. By comparison, a fast food meal with a hamburger(汉堡包) is a steal at $4.80.
London takes the No.2 place, up from No.5 a year ago, thanks to higher cost of housing and a stronger British pound relative to the dollar. Mercer estimates(估算) London is 26 percent more expensive than New York these days. Following London closely are Seoul and Tokyo, both of which are 22 percent more expensive than New York, while No.5 Hong Kong is 19 percent more costly.
Among North American cities, New York and Los Angeles are the most expensive and are the only two listed in the top 50 of the world’s most expensive cities. But both have fallen since last year’s study — New York came in 15th, down from 10th place, while Los Angeles fell to 42nd from 29th place a year ago. San Francisco came in a distant third at No. 54, down 20 places from a year earlier.
Toronto, meanwhile, is Canada’s most expensive city but fell 35 places to take 82nd place worldwide. In Australia, Sydney is the priciest place to live in and No. 21 worldwide.
72. What do the underlined words “a steal” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. an act of stealing B. something delicious
C. something very cheap D. an act of buying
73. London has become the second most expensive city because of ______.
A. the high cost of clothing B. the stronger pound against the dollar
C. its expensive transportation D. the high prices of fast food meals
74. Which city is the third most expensive on the list?
A. Tokyo. B. Hong Kong. C. Moscow. D. Sydney.
75. Which city has dropped most on the list in North America?
A. New York. B. Los Angeles. C. San Francisco. D. Toronto.
写作训练：
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，准备参加学校举办的主题为“健康成长”
的英语作文比赛。请按要求写一篇短文，主要内容包括：
1. 乐观的人生态度；
2. 努力学习；
3. 参加体育锻炼。
生词：态度恶劣attitude
注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.开头已为你写好。
We all want to grow up happily and healthily, and for this goal we must do several things.
[基础训练：答案与解析]
1. A。needn't意为“不必”；wouldn't意为“不会”；mustn't意为“不许或禁止”；shouldn't意为“不应当”。根据题意，回话人强调对方“不必做......”。故选A.
2. C。Must come表示必须来；can come 能够来；may come 可能来；will come 将要来；根据题意，说话人的语气表示推测，且不很肯定，故选C.must 表示推测，意为“一定或准是”，只用于肯定句中；can表示推测，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于疑问句或否定句中，但could也可用于肯定句，表示对某事把握不大；may表示推测，意为“或许，可能”，一般英语肯定句或否定句。
3. D。根据题意，说话人对已经发生的事情进行否定推测，故选D。表示对过去发生的事情进行推测，常用can/may/might/must+have+动词分词。
4. B。此题表示对过去事情的肯定推测，应选B。
5. C。根据语境可知，问句是征求对方意见，故C。
1. A。情态动词ought后接带to的不定式，ought to do的否定式是ought not to do，故选A。
2. D。根据题意，可首先排除A和B。Could表示一种能力；was able to表示在困难的情况下，经过一番周折而“能”。
3. C。Should(ought to) have done sth.表示“过去本应该做某事而没有做到”，含有责备,后悔的意思；must have done sth.表示对过去动作或行为的推测。根据题意应选C.
4. A。题中的can't是指能为。Couldn't是can't的过去式，这里讲的是一个客观事实，要用一般现在时。
5. A。Shall用于第二，三人称陈述句中表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺，威胁等概念。
6. A。must not always be doing sth.表示“不要老是做某事”，含有埋怨，指责，反感等感情色彩。
7. D。根据题意，本体是谈论过去的事情，A,B都是指现在的情况；shouldn't have gone表示“本不应该去二实际上去了”。Couldn'thave gone表示“不可能去过”；故选D。
8. D。用在疑问句中表猜测时，只能用cam.答案为D。
9. C。表推测是，肯定句中可以用may,must,但can 只能用在否定句或疑问句中，故选C。
10. A。May 用在否定句中表推测，意为：“可能不”。
11. D.may,must都可以在肯定句中表推测，但must语气比may肯定，由于前一句用了possible“可能的”，所以正确答案是D.
12. C。在含有must表推测的句子里，反意问句部分根据must后的动词的相应形式来确定。
13. B。第一句是用来征求意见的，选can和may都行，但第二句强调“必须首先完成作业”，因此只能选must.。
14. B。含may的一般问句的否定答语应用mustn't。
15. A。含must的一般问句的否定答语不可用mustn't，而要用needn't或don't have to.
16. D.need作情态动词时常用在肯定句或否定句中，并且其后需加动词原形；need作及物动词时，后面需接带to的不定式，故选D，此时need用作情态动词。
17. C。此题中need用作及物动词，用法21题。
18. A。Had better意思是“最好......”，是一种固定形式，其后接动词原形，其否定形式为had better+not+动词原形，所以选A。
19. B。Should作情态动词，表示劝告或建议，意思是“应该”，不能看着是shall的过去式用法。
20. D。含有need的一般问句的否定回答应用needn't，但肯定回答却要用must。
21. A。Could这儿不是can 的过去式。而是用作一般现在时中表示委婉的请求。
22. D。此句强调“客观”上不得不干某事，而且是发生在过去的事情。故选D。Must强调“主观”上必须干某事。
23. B。"can (or could)+have+过去分词"这一结构的否定或疑问形式表示对过去发生情况或行为的不肯定或怀疑，故选B。
24. D。"must+have+过去分词"这一肯定结构形式表示对过去已经发生情况的推测，判断。
25. A。"needn't have+过去分词"这一结构表示本来不必要做某事而实际又做了某事。
26. D。"should+have+过去分词"这一结构表示过去应该做某事而实际没有做到，深含责备之意（无论自责还是责备他人）。
27. B。从题意来看，是对已经发生情况的推测，判断，而且要用被动结构，故选B。
微信/支付宝扫码支付下载