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精品高考英语词汇练习及详解6

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‎2010高考英语词汇练习及详解(6)‎ ‎251. It is not profitable to provide bus services in districts where the population is widely _____.    A. scattered    B. dismissed    C. separated    D. spread ‎[答案]A. scattered. [注释]scattered是scatter的过去分词,也可作形容词用,(=lying in different directions; not situated together, wide apart)分散的,散布在各处的。Separate分开的,spread传播;摊开,dismiss解雇。‎ ‎252. There are usually at least two _____ of looking at every question.    A. ways    B. directions    C. views    D. opinions ‎[答案]A. ways. [注释]two ways of looking at every questions意指“观察每个问题的两个方面”。‎ ‎253. He left in such a hurry that I _____ had time to thank him.    A. almost    B. even    C. nearly    D. scarcely ‎[答案]D. scarcely. [注释]scarcely(=hardly, not quite, almost not)几乎没有。Scarcely是否定副词,类似的有:hardly, barely, rarely, seldom, little等。研究生入学考试中经常测试这类否定副词的用法。‎ ‎254. As more and more cars are produced and used, so the _____ from their exhaust-pipes contains an even larger volume of poisonous gas.    A. exposure    B. distribution    C. expansion    D. emission ‎[答案]D. emission. [注释]emission散发物,发射。exposure(to)暴露于:They believe that their health problems are the result of years of exposure to fine cotton dust.(他们认为,他们的健康问题是多年来暴露于棉花粉尘所致。)expansion膨胀,扩大;Heat causes the expansion of gas.本题译文:正如汽车的生产和使用越来越多一样,汽车的排气管的散发物内所含的有毒气体量也在增加。‎ ‎255. The book seems to have been _____ from various books and articles.    A. pieced together    B. taken off    C. broken away        D. pulled out ‎[答案]A. pieced together. [注释]piece together拼合,拼凑;take off起飞;break away from脱离;pull out拔出;驶出;(车)减速。‎ ‎256. We had a marvelous holiday: only the last two days were slightly _____ by the weather.    A. damaged    B. hurt    C. ruined    D. spoiled ‎[答案]D. spoiled. [注释]spoiled使......扫兴: A shower of rain spoiled our day's outing.‎ ‎257. I could tell he was surprised from the _____ on his face.    A. appearance    B. view    C. sight    D. expression ‎[答案]D. expression. [注释]expression此处意指“表情”。Appearance表示人的“仪表,外表”。‎ ‎258. I'd like to take _____ of this opportunity to thank you all for your cooperation.    A. profit    B. benefit    C. advantage    D. interests ‎[答案]C. advantage. [注释]take advantage of(=make use of sth. for one's own benefit)利用:take advantage of my ignorance(利用我的无知)。‎ ‎259. If you ever have the _____ to go abroad to work, you should take it.    A. possibility    B. offer    C. luck   D. chance ‎[答案]D. chance. [注释]chance(偶然的)机会。Have与the(或 a) possibility不能搭配;常用There is a possibility for sb. to do sth.表示客观存在的“可能性”。‎ ‎260. Scientists think they have _____ in their attempt to find the causes of some major dieases.    A. broken through    B. worked out    C. fallen out        D. got round ‎[答案]A. broken through. [注释]break through(=be successful after overcoming a difficulty)突破;取得重大成果:Scientists hope to break through soon in their fight against heart disease.(科学家希望在与心脏病斗争中很快取得重大成果。) 本题译文:科学家认为他们在探索某些重要疾病的病因中已取得重大突破。‎ ‎261. His test results are not very _____. He does well one week and badly the next.    A. invariable    B. consequent    C. continuous    D. consistent ‎[答案]D. consistent. [注释]consistent 1)始终如一,前后一致:He is not consistent in his statements.(他的话并不前后一致。) 2)与......一致:The story is not consistent with the facts. What you say is not consistent with what you do.‎ ‎262. The new safety regulations were agreed on after _____ with the work-force.    A. conference      B. participation    C. intervention    D. consultation ‎ [答案]D. consultation. [注释]consultation商议:hold a consultation with sb. about sth.(与某人商谈某事)。 conference讨论会;participation参加,参与;intervention干预,干涉。‎ ‎263. The room was so quiet that she could hear the _____ of her heart.    A. hitting    B. beating    C. tapping   D. knocking ‎[答案]B. beating. [注释]beating 此处是动名词,指“(心)跳”:Her heart was beating furiously.‎ ‎264. During World War II Malta managed to _____ most of Italian and German bombers by throwing up an effective anti-aircraft screen.    A. put out    B. shut out    C. come across    D. get across ‎[答案]B. shut out. [注释]shut out(=prevent from coming in; block)排除,排斥:They shut out our dust by having double windows.(他们用双层窗户防尘。) put out扑灭;get across越过;使人了解;come across偶然遇到。 本题译文:第二次世界大战中,马耳他建立了有效的防空屏障以防止意大利和德国的轰炸机侵入。‎ ‎265. I think we should let Maria go camping with her boyfriend. _____, she's a big girl now.    A. Above all    B. After all    C. First of all    D. For all ‎[答案]B. After all. [注释]after all毕竟。 “for all + 名词”意为“尽管”: For all his wealth, he was unhappy.(尽管他富有,但他并不幸福。) 266. Jim's close _____ to his brother made people mistake them for one another.    A. confusion    B. similarity    C. resemblance    D. imitation ‎[答案]C. resemblance. [注释]resemblance n. 像(to)。 resemble(vt.)像; She resembles her mother.(=She takes after her mother.) imitation模仿;仿效;confusion混乱,混淆;similarity相似性。‎ ‎267. It has been decided that this company has the _____ right to print Mr. Smith's novels.    A. eventual    B. versatile    C. extensive    D. exclusive ‎[答案]D. exclusive. [注释]exclusive(=reserved to the person(s) concerned)独有的;This bathroom is for the president's exclusive use. eventual最终的;versatile通用的,万用的;extensive广泛的。‎ ‎268. He has recently _____ chess to provide himself with some ‎ relaxation.    A. taken on    B. taken up    C. held on    D. held up ‎[答案]B. taken up. [注释]take up开始从事。take on参阅Ⅲ,162,171注释。hold on, hold up参阅Ⅲ,162,171注释。‎ ‎269. What a terrible experience! _____ , you are safe, that's the main thing.    A. Somehow    B. Anyhow    C. Somewhat    D. Anywhere ‎ [答案]B. Anyhow. [注释]anyhow(at= any rate; in any case)无论如何,不管怎样。‎ ‎270. John always tries to _____ people who are useful to him professionally.    A. develop    B. provoke    C. correspond    D. cultivate ‎ [答案]D. cultivate. [注释]cultivate sb.结识(有地位的人),培养与......的友谊:He always tries to cultivate rich and famous people.(他总是极力结识有钱的知名人士。) 本题译文:约翰总是力图结识在职业方面对他有用的人。‎ ‎271. Although he hasn't any formal qualifications, Betas _____ to do well for himself.    A. managed    B. succeeded    C. arranged    D. convinced ‎ [答案]a. managed. [注释]manage to do sth.(=succeed in doing sth.)设法做成某事:1)He managed to escape to South America.(他设法逃到了南美。) 2)We managed to get what we wanted, anyhow.(我们反正设法得到了需要的东西。) 3)Do you suppose you can manage to get me a passport?(你能设法给我弄到一份护照吗?) 本题译文:虽然他没有正式的资力,但他收入很多。Do well for oneself吃香,收入多,改善自己的社会地位。‎ ‎272. The family is a cooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to _____ rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways to deal with its own problems.    A. set up    B. put down    C. keep up    D. lay down ‎ [答案]D. lay down. [注释]lay down制定。参阅Ⅲ,97注释。‎ ‎273. After a short holiday, he _____ himself once more to his studies.    A. applied    B. converted    C. engaged    D. exerted ‎ [答案]A. applied. [注释]apply oneself to“致力于”。Apply one's mind to(专心于)。Apply to sb. for aid(向某人求援)。Apply a theory to practice(把理论应用于实践)。‎ ‎274. She felt _____ of having asked such a silly question when the audience couldn't help laughing.    A. guilty    B. crazy    C. miserable    D. ashamed ‎[答案]D. ashamed.      [注释] be ashamed of因......感到羞耻,惭愧:1)He is ashamed of what he was done.2)She felt ashamed of having done so little.(=She felt ashamed that she had done so little.) 3)John was ashamed to ask for help.(他不好意思向人求助。) 4)Jim was ashamed to have troubled me with so many questions. Be guilty of犯有......罪,过失:1)He was found guilty. 2)I am not guilty of this crime. 275. The driver can adjust the heating in winter and the air conditioning in summer to suit his own _____.    A. leisure    B. preference    C. convenience    D. selection ‎[答案]B. preference. [注释]preference偏爱,更加喜欢:My preference is for beef rather than for lamb.(我更喜欢牛肉面不是羊肉。)‎ ‎276. There is not much time left; So I'll tell you about it _____.    A. in detail    B. in brief    C. in short    D. in all ‎[答案]B. in brief. [注释]in brief(=in a few words)简短地(作状语),例如:He told me in brief what had ‎ happened.(他简短地向我讲了已发生地事情。)此处in brief等于briefly。此处,in brief(=in a word, in short)简言之(作插入语)1)It is a long letter, but in brief, he says "No".(这是一封长信,但简言之,他说“不”。) 2)John is smart, polite, and well-behaved. In brief, he is admirable.此句中in brief意为in a word 或in short. in short作插入语,其意思是in a word(总之)。In detail详细地。In all总计,总共:There are ‎20 in all.‎ ‎277. She got married although her parents had not given her their _____.    A. allowance    B. consent    C. permit    D. appreciation ‎[答案]B. consent. [注释]consent n. 同意,赞成;consent (to) vi.同意,如:consent to a plan(同意一项计划)。allowance津贴。permit执照,许可证。‎ ‎278. The rain was heavy and _____ the land was flooded.    A. consequently    B. constantly    C. continuously    D. consistently ‎[答案]A. consequently. [注释]consequently (as a result)因而,所以。‎ ‎279. Magnificent views over the countryside have often _____ people to write poems.    A. convinced    B. inspired    C. induced    D. attracted [答案]B. inspired. [注释]inspired鼓舞,激励,产生:1)His speech inspired us to try again. 2)He inspired confidence in me.(他使我产生信心。) 3)The good news inspired us with hope.(这个好消息使我们产生希望。)‎ ‎280. From the cheers and shouts of _____, I gathered that he was winning the race.    A. stimulus    B. urgency    C. encouragement    D. promotion ‎[答案]C. encouragement. [注释]encouragement鼓励,支持:shouts of encouragement(鼓励的欢呼声)。 本题译文:从欢呼声和鼓励声中,我猜想他正在赢得这场竞赛。‎ ‎281. She once again went through her composition carefully to _____ all spelling mistakes from it.    A. withdraw    B. abandon    C. diminish    D. eliminate ‎[答案]D. eliminate. [注释]eliminate(=get rid of, do away with)消除,排除,淘汰:1) Can the government eliminate poverty?(政府能否消除贫困?) 2)eliminate slang words form an essay(从文章中去掉俚语词)。‎ ‎282. When the little child caught sight of the young woman _____ in white he started brawling immediately.    A. dressed    B. wearing    C. worn    D. putting on ‎[答案]A. dressed. [注释]be dressed in 穿这......衣服。Wear意为“穿着”是及物动词,语法结构上与本题不符。Put on穿上,强调的动作。‎ ‎283. Some areas, _____ their severe weather conditions, are hardly populated.    A. due to    B. but for    C. in spite of    D. with relation to ‎[答案]A. due to. [注释]due to由于。有些语言专家认为due to引导的短语,在句中只能作表语,如:1)His absence was due to the storm. 2)The delay was due to heavy traffic. 3)This accident was due to his carelessness.但现代英语里due to引导的短语可以作状语用,如:He failed due to carelessness. Due to heavy traffic, he was late for an hour or so.‎ ‎284. Many university courses are not really _____ to the needs of students or their future employers.    A. associated    B. relative    C. geared    D. sufficient [答案]C. geared. [注释]be geared to与......相连接的,与......搭配得上的。Be relative to与......有关的:This is not relative to the accident.(这和这次事故无关。)本题意指courses(课程)是否与needs(需要)挂得上钩,而不是一般得有点关系,故应选geared.‎ ‎285. If we can _____ our present difficulties, then everything should be all right.    A. get off    B. come across    C. come over    D. get over ‎[答案]D. get over. [注释]get over (difficulties)克服(困难)。‎ ‎286. Be careful how you _____ that jug, it will break very easily.    A. pour    B. operate    C. handle    D. employ ‎[答案]C. handle. [注释]handle意为“用手拿......”:Wash your hands before you handle my books.‎ ‎287. We suddenly saw the bus about to leave and had to run _____ to catch it.    A. hardly    B. awkwardly    C. hard    D. strongly ‎[答案]C hard. [注释]run hard意为“使劲跑”,句中hard是副词。Hardly“几乎不“,是否定副词,与本题不符。‎ ‎288. He hated the war so much that he decided to leave the army _____.    A. for long    B. once in a while    C. for good    D. once upon a time ‎[答案] C. for good.      [注释] for good (=permanently)永久地:He says he's leaving the country for good. for long 长久地。按本题题意,用 for long 不妥。once upon a time 从前。once in a while 偶尔。‎ ‎289. This year the farmers were just able to gather in the _____ before the fine weather came to an end.    A. collection    B. harvest    C. flower    D. plant ‎[答案] B. harvest.      [注释] gather in “收获(庄稼)”: The farmers are gathering in the corn. 290. A successful scientist needs _____ if he wants to make hypothesis (假设) of how processes work and how events take place.    A. permission     B. penetration    C. imagination    D. convention ‎[答案] C. imagination.      [注释] imagination 想象力;penetration 穿透;permission 允许; convention 惯例,常规。‎ ‎291. Tell your brother to come _____, because it's going to rain in a minute or two.    A. indoors    B. outdoors    C. outward    D. inwards ‎[答案] A. indoors      [注释] 按句子的逻辑意思应选indoors adv. 向屋里;在屋里,inwards adv,向 内,向中心,outward 向外。outdoors 是 indoors 的反义词。 本文译文: 叫你兄弟进屋来,因为天马上要下雨了.‎ ‎292. I can't advise you what to do. You must use your own _____.    A. opinion    B. guesswork    C. justice    D. judgment ‎[答案] D judgement      [注释] judgement 判断。guesswork 猜测,justice 正义,公正,ideal 理想。‎ ‎293. Because of the poor harvest, wheat prices have _____ in the last six months.    A. added    B. jumped    C. amounted    D. developed ‎[答案] B. jumped.      [注释] jump (=rise suddenly in price) 指“(价格)暴涨”。‎ ‎294. There is a 20 minute parking _____ here, so we must get back to the car very quickly.    A. freedom    B. limit    C. allowance    D. prohibition ‎[答案] B. limit.      [注释] parking limit 意为在停车场“停车的时间限制”。a 20 minutes parking limit ‎ (停车时间限制为20分钟).‎ ‎295. The country needs a _____ government. We have had three Prime Ministers in a year.    A. stationary    B. changeless    C. constant   D. stable ‎[答案] D. stable. [注释] stable 稳定的。stationary 静止的,不变的,固定的。changeless 不变 的 ,无变化的。constant 经常不断的。‎ ‎296. Having said he would mend the clock, he discovered that he had not brought the _____ tools for the job.    A. concise    B. correct    C. right    D. precise ‎[答案] C. right.      [注释] right 适当的,恰当的:He is the right man to do the job。(他是干这 项工作的合适人选) concise 简明扼要的,correct 正确的;exact 确切的: exact time 确切的时间,exact age 确切的年龄,exact weight 确切的重量; exact weight 确切的重量;exact information 确切的信息;exact cause 确切 的原因;exact meaning 确切的意思。‎ ‎297. Radium salts, which have been found to _____ in bones, give rise to cancers of the bone.    A. pile up    B. build up    C. keep up    D. pull up ‎[答案] B. build up.      [注释] build up(=accumulate) 积累。pile up 堆积。keep up 保持,维持。 pull up 停车。‎ ‎298. It has been laid down that each student must _____ a composition to the teacher once a week.    A. turn in    B. give up    C. put forward    D. bring out ‎[答案] A. turn in.      [注释] turn in(=hand in) 上交。‎ ‎299. Our house is the most _____ one in the street; it is painted red.    A. permanent    B. indifferent    C. predominant    D. prominent ‎[答案] D. prominent.      [注释] prominent 突出的;突起的。indifferent 漠不关心的;permanent 永久 的;predominant 占优势的,主要的。‎ ‎300. I shall take you back to Beijing _____ you are well enough to travel.    A. presently    B. promptly    C. immediately    D. shortly ‎[答案] C. immediately      [注释] immediately(=directly) 作连词用,意为“一……就……”,相当于 as soon as .‎