【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之二十（21页word版答案含有解析） 21页

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之二十 ‎[一]‎ She is one of China’s fifty most successful business leaders and she has been described as being “bigger than Oprah”. Well known to one billion viewers, Yang Lan is among China’s most popular TV personalities. Born in Beijing in 1968, Yang Lan began her career as the host for the popular “Zheng Da TV show”. She was only 21 at the time and had just graduated from Beijing Foreign Studies University. Becoming the host of a show with an audience of 200 million at such a young age was a big challenge, but Yang Lan was ready for it and quickly became popular.‎ Many of us would probably have stayed on to enjoy the fame and money that come with being a TV star, but Yang Lan had more important plans. She left the show after four years and went to New York City to get a Master’s degree at Columbia University. Her experience abroad inspired her and she made up her mind to create a new kind of TV station for Chinese viewers. When Yang Lan returned to China, she decided to develop her interest in business. Together with her husband, she started her own media company, Sun Media. ‎ When Yang Lan grew up, her family did not have a television. She remembers how she and the other children in her neighbourhood would sit in front of a small black and white TV owned by one of the other families in her building. TV was a new thing at the time, but Yang Lan thought that the powerful medium could be used in a different way. She wanted to make shows that were both entertaining and educational. When she was studying abroad, she produced a feature show called “Horizon”. The show introduced American popular culture to Chinese viewers. Viewers liked the first season of “Horizon”, but Yang Lan wanted to do something more serious and meaningful. The following year, she began interviewing important people, such as Dr Henry Kissinger, and discussing social issues. Her viewers were pleased and the show became even more popular. She later developed “Yang Lan One to One”, having interviewed more than 300 opinion leaders around the world.‎ ‎1. “Bigger than Oprah” in the first paragraph means .‎ ‎ A. Yang Lan is taller than Oprah Winfrey ‎ B. Yang Lan is fatter than Oprah Winfrey ‎ C. Yang Lan is older than Oprah Winfrey ‎ D. Yang Lan is more successful and popular than Oprah Winfrey ‎2. Yang Lan is years old this year.‎ ‎ A. 21 B. ‎29 C. 39 D. 48‎ ‎3. Yang Lan became the host for “Zheng Da TV show” in .‎ ‎ A. 1968 B. ‎1989 C. 1998 D. 1976‎ ‎4. She was the host for “Zheng Da TV show” for years.‎ ‎ A. 2 B. ‎4 C. 8 D. 21‎ ‎5. When she was a little girl, Yang Lan’s family .‎ ‎ A. had a small black and white TV.‎ ‎ B. had a colour TV.‎ ‎ C. had a small and black TV together with their neighbour.‎ ‎ D. had no TV.‎ ‎6. The reason why Yang Lan left “Zheng Da TV show” is that .‎ ‎ A. the audience didn’t like the show ‎ B. she was unfit for her office ‎ C. she wanted to get married soon ‎ D. she wanted to have further study ‎7. Yang Lan was the host of all the following show except .‎ ‎ A. Zheng Da TV show B. Sun Media ‎ C. Horizon D. Yang Lan One on One 参考答案：‎ ‎1. D 从第一段中可以看出。‎ ‎2. C 从第一段第三句中可以看出。‎ ‎3. B 从第一段第四句中可以看出。‎ ‎4. B 从第二段第二句中可以看出。‎ ‎5. D 从第三段第一句中可以看出。‎ ‎6. D 从第二段第二句中可以看出。‎ ‎7. B 从第二段最后一句中可以看出，B项为公司的名字。‎ ‎[二]‎ Why read, and sometimes even write poetry? That question is not difficult to answer if we change the word poetry to songs. ‎ I sing when I feel good. When I sing my favorite songs, I feel even better. Sometimes when I am listening to music and to the song words, I feel that it was written for me. A good song always makes me feel something. There are songs that I sing in my head between classes and songs that I want to sing when the school bell rings by the end of the day. They help me get through the day. ‎ They are like bright and warm colours in the middle of greys and shades. I like songs about love and friendship. The extraordinary thing is, my feelings are more special when I sing my favorite songs in English. ‎ I also like reading. I used to avoid poetry until an e-pal told me I should recite poems and not look up the meaning of the words. Poetry uses many difficult words and idioms, but the best thing is to just forget about them. In the beginning I felt quite strange. Now I always lock the door. Reading aloud gives you a strange feeling, but when you have some practice and fall into the rhythm, the rhyme and the sounds of the words, it is really a special experience.‎ I started with small poems, but now I think I most like long poems.‎ ‎ I have different feelings with different poems. When I have had a bad day at school, I read Keats and forget everything. When I am sad I read Wordsworth by the light of a candle. When the poem is finished, I close the book and my sadness is gone.‎ ‎1. If you want to feel good you may .‎ ‎ A. read poetry B. write poetry C. sing a song D. write a song ‎2. I like the song words because .‎ ‎ A. it was written for me B. it was written for the music ‎ C. my feeling was expressed by them D. it was written by me ‎3. The main idea of the second paragraph is . ‎ ‎ A. we should first read short poems before long ones.‎ ‎ B. reading poems can bring people pleasure just like singing a song ‎ C. we should read poems with doors closed ‎ D. we ought to first sing songs before reading poems ‎4. My favourite songs are about .‎ ‎ A. love and death B. happiness and loneliness ‎ C. sadness and broken hearts D. friendship and love ‎5. According to the e-pal I should when reading poems.‎ ‎ A. not recite poems B. look through the dictionary ‎ C. forget about the difficult words and idioms D. feel strange ‎6. It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that .‎ ‎ A. reading poems is part of the writer’s life.‎ ‎ B. the writer used to like poetry very much.‎ ‎ C. the writer fell in love with poems as soon as the e-pal told him something.‎ ‎ D. songs and poems ate the same ‎7. Which of the following is true?‎ ‎ A. Mow the writer most like small poems.‎ ‎ B. The writer has different feelings with the same poem.‎ ‎ C. The writer has more special feelings when singing his favourite songs in English.‎ ‎ D. The writer has the same feeling with different poems.‎ ‎8. Reading certain poems can get rid of the writer’s .‎ ‎ A. loneliness B. happiness C. broken heart D. sadness 参考答案：‎ ‎1. C 从第二段第一、二句中可以看出。‎ ‎2. C 从第二段第三句中可以看出。‎ ‎3. B 第一段中把“诗”换成“歌”，所以，第二段中的歌其实指的是“诗”。‎ ‎4. D 从第三段第二句中可以看出。‎ ‎5. C 从第四段第二句中可以看出。‎ ‎6. A 从第四段中可以看出。‎ ‎7. C 从第三段最后一句中可以看出。‎ ‎8. D 从第五段最后一句中可以看出。‎ ‎[三]‎ ‎ It is twenty-five miles across the fields to Salisbury. Sheep can be seen everywhere and the great number of them is really wonderful. All around the city of Salisbury, as far as twenty-two miles to the west, and six miles south, down to the coast, farmers raise sheep. There could be as many as six hundred thousand sheep fed within six miles of Salisbury, measuring every way round and the town in the centre.‎ ‎ As we travelled through this country, we saw many old relics from ancient times and ruins of the native population of this kingdom. These are interesting to a traveller who has read something of the history of the country. The cathedral（大教堂） is famous for the height of its tower, which is without doubt the highest and the most handsome in England, being from the ground 404 feet.‎ ‎ Salisbury itself is a large and fine city. It is built where two rivers come together. Neither of them is very big, but they become a large river when joined together, and yet larger when joined by a third river, about three miles below the city. Then, through a deep channel they flow through some gardens, and down to Christchurch, into the sea.‎ ‎ The city of Salisbury has two important kinds of produce and trade, which employ the poor of a great part of the country round -- namely, making cloth and sheets, called Salisbury Whites. The people of Salisbury are happy and rich. Their business is doing well, and there is a great deal of good manners and good company among them.‎ ‎ I have written before that this country has high hills, whose tops spread out into green fields upon which great numbers of sheep are fed. But I want to tell the reader that these hills and fields are most beautiful, with many small and clear rivers, and rich fields bearing fruit and grain. All around we find nice little towns, villages and houses, and among them many of good size. So you look at the fields and think the country wild and empty, and yet when you come down the hills you are surprised with the most beautiful and rich country in England.‎ ‎1. The first paragraph mainly tells us .‎ ‎ A. one will travel 25 miles before he gets to Salisbury.‎ ‎ B. there are six hundred thousand sheep in all in Salisbury.‎ ‎ C. Salisbury is a beautiful city.‎ ‎ D. there are quite a few sheep fed in and around Salisbury.‎ ‎2. may show interest in the old relics and ruins.‎ ‎ A. All the people ‎ ‎ B. The people who hasn’t been to the country ‎ C. Those who know something about the country ‎ D. The travellers who know nothing about the country ‎3. All of the following are true about the cathedral except .‎ ‎ A. its tower is the highest in England.‎ ‎ B. it is the most handsome in England.‎ ‎ C. it is 404 feet high above sea level.‎ ‎ D. the distance between the top of the tower and the earth is 404 feet.‎ ‎4. Which is not correct about Salisbury?‎ ‎ A. It is built on two rivers.‎ ‎ B. All of the three rivers are not small.‎ ‎ C. The rivers flow through Christchurch.‎ ‎ D. The rivers flow into some gardens.‎ ‎5. The author wants to through the text.‎ ‎ A. introduce England to us ‎ B. tell us how many sheep in England ‎ C. advise us to make a trip in England ‎ D. introduce Salisbury to us ‎6. Which is wrong about Salisbury?‎ ‎ A. It lies where three rivers join together.‎ ‎ B. It is in southern England.‎ ‎ C. It is a large and fine city.‎ ‎ D. The famous writer Daniel Defoe had been there, who wrote Robinson Crosoe.‎ ‎7. It can be concluded from the passage that .‎ ‎ A. the people there are living a happy life.‎ ‎ B. Salisbury is a mountainous city.‎ ‎ C. the people there mainly grow fruit trees.‎ ‎ D. Salisbury has a short history.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎1. D 从第一段中可以看出。‎ ‎2. C 从第二段第二句中可以看出。‎ ‎3. C 从第二段最后一句中可以看出。‎ ‎4. D 从第三段中可以看出。‎ ‎5. D 从全文中可以看出。‎ ‎6. A 从第三段中可以看出。‎ ‎7. A 根据全文可以看出。‎ ‎[四]‎ Accidents happen. We do our best to be careful and prevent bad things from happening, but most of us will eventually find ourselves in a situation where we or someone else needs help. Everyone should know what to do if ‎ an accident were to happen. Learning about first aid is the best way to make sure that we will not have to feel that we could have done more. Here is some advice for dealing with common injuries:‎ ‎      Animal bites. If you are bitten by an animal, wash the wound with cold running water. Then see a doctor as soon as possible.‎ ‎      Burns. Cool the area of skin at once. Wash the area of skin under the cold tap for several minutes. Cover the wound with a loose bandage or a piece of dry clean cloth. See a doctor if a child has been burnt or if more than ten percent of the body has been burnt.‎ ‎      Cuts. For a simple cut, it is only necessary to wash the area of the cut, dry it and cover it with a piece of dry clean cloth. If a person is bleeding badly, you must try to stop the bleeding. If a person loses one third of his or her blood, he or she may die. Press a handkerchief onto the bleeding point and hold it there.‎ ‎      Poisoning. If you think that someone may have been poisoned, you should do the following. First, talk to the person to find out if he or she is conscious and breathing. If the person isn't breathing, clear the airway and try to get him or her to breathe. If the person is conscious and breathing, try to get him or her to spit out any poison that may still be in the mouth. Next, call for an ambulance. Search the room for any pills or bottles that may contain the poison. Send whatever you find to the hospital to help the doctor find out what kind of poison the person has swallowed.‎ 1. If you burnt yourself you should .‎ ‎ A. go to see a doctor right away.‎ ‎ B. wash the area of skin with cold running water.‎ ‎ C. cover the wound with a piece of dry clean cloth.‎ ‎ D. B and C.‎ 2. If a child is burnt, .‎ ‎ A. cover the wound with a loose bandage.‎ ‎ B. wash the wound under the cold tap for several minutes.‎ ‎ C. go to see a doctor at once.‎ ‎ D. cry as loud as possible.‎ 3. If you are bitten by a dog you should .‎ ‎ A. wash the wound with cold running water.‎ ‎ B. see a doctor as soon as possible.‎ ‎ C. call for an ambulance.‎ ‎ D. A and B.‎ 4. If you cut your finger while cutting vegetables you should .‎ ‎ A. wash the area of the cut.‎ ‎ B. dry it.‎ ‎ C. cover it with a piece of dry clean cloth.‎ ‎ D. All of the above.‎ 5. If your classmate is poisoned you can do all of the following except .‎ ‎ A. talk to the person to find out if he or she is conscious and breathing.‎ ‎ B. get him or her to sleep.‎ ‎ C. try to get him or her to spit out any poison in the mouth.‎ ‎ D. send any pills or bottles containing the poison to the hospital.‎ 1. When dealing with animal bites, burns and simple cuts you should first .‎ ‎ A. wash the wound.‎ ‎ B. stop the bleeding.‎ ‎ C. cover the wound with a piece of cloth.‎ ‎ D. see a doctor immediately.‎ 2. We can infer from the text that .‎ ‎ A. the advice given by the author is common but effective.‎ ‎ B. nothing serious happens in our daily life but some common injuries.‎ ‎ C. the common injuries are easy to deal with.‎ ‎ D. we should pay more attention to the importance of learning first aid in our daily life.‎ 3. The text mainly tells us .‎ ‎ A. what can be done when accidents happen.‎ ‎ B. why first aid is the best way to deal with common injuries.‎ ‎ C. how to deal with common injuries.‎ ‎ D. what kinds of injuries will happen in our daily life.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎1. D 从第三段中可以看出。‎ ‎2. C 从第三段中可以看出。‎ ‎3. D 从第二段中可以看出。‎ ‎4. D 从第四段第一句中可以看出。‎ ‎5. B 从第五段中可以看出。‎ ‎6. A 根据全文可以判断。‎ ‎7. D 根据全文可以判断。‎ ‎8. C 根据全文可以判断。‎ ‎[五]‎ The baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert (警觉)。Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other, her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black ‎ spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three, just 24 hours after coming into the world?‎ Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer? The same experiment, but with three spots shown before two, shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness? When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects (a comb, a key, an orange and so on), changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make, as opposed to three? No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three, or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.‎ ‎60．The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the baby’s ______ .‎ A．sense of hearing.‎ B．sense of sight.‎ C．sense of touch.‎ D．sense of smell.‎ ‎61．Babies are sensitive to the change in______.‎ A．the size of cards.‎ B．the colour of pictures.‎ C．the shape of patterns.‎ D．the number of objects.‎ ‎62．Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats?‎ A．To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.‎ B．To see how babies recognize sounds.‎ C．To carry their experiment further.‎ D．To keep the babies’ interest.‎ ‎63．Where does this text probably come from?‎ A．Science fiction.‎ B．Children’s literature.‎ C．An advertisement.‎ D．A science report.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎60．B 细节题。第一段中She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another, this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other,her gaze(凝视) starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.婴儿仔细盯着白板上的两个黑点看。然后纸板交换，婴儿视觉开始不能聚焦核心，换成3个黑点时，婴儿又开始集中注视了。由此可知，该实验是研究婴儿的视觉。因此，正确答案为B。‎ ‎61．D 细节题。还是看第一段，As the cards change from one to the other ,her gaze(starts to lose its focus - until a third, with three black spots, is presented. Her gaze returns: she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.卡片改变时，直到出现3个黑点纸板时，婴儿又开始集中注视了。由此可知，婴儿对于有不同数目黑点的纸板比较敏感。因此，正确答案为D。‎ ‎62．C 推理题。由关键词drumbeats定位文章第二段。The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two;likewise(同样地) when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to ‎ spots.测验效果在不同感官间交叉。与听到两声鼓声相比，当听到三声鼓声的时候婴儿看着两个点会变得更兴奋。由此可知，鼓声是一个背景，测试的还是婴儿听不同次数鼓声时对看到的纸板数字的反应。因此，正确答案为C。‎ ‎63．D 推测题。由文中第一段出现researcher,以及第二段中出现experiment，可以推测。该文是一篇科技报道。因此，正确答案为D。‎ ‎[六]‎ Eating too much fatty food，exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease．But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe．‎ Previous studies have linked high exposure(暴露) to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems，but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中风) within as little as a few hours after exposure．In one review of the research，scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染物)were up to S% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure．A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U．S．Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of "moderate" (良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure．‎ The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure． ‎ However，it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices．So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health．‎ ‎53．The text mainly discusses the relationship between ______ ．‎ A．heart problems and air quality ．‎ B．heart problems and exercising C．heart problems and smoking D．heart problems and fatty food ‎54．The Underlined word "modest" in Paragraph 3 most probably means ______ ．‎ A．relatively high B．extremely low C．relatively low D．extremely high ‎55．What can we learn from the text?‎ A．Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart．‎ ‎ B．The EPA conducted many studies on air quality．‎ C．Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking．‎ D．Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made．‎ ‎56．The author9s purpose of writing the text is most likely to ______ ．‎ A．inform B．persuade C．describe D．entertain 参考答案：‎ ‎ 解读：研究表明，心脏的疾病与空气质量有关，所以应该采取措施严格控制污染，提高空气质量。‎ ‎53．A 主旨大意题。由第一段中的"But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately the air you breathe"以及文章接下来的内容可知，本文主要谈论的是心脏疾病与空气质量之间的关系。‎ ‎54．C 词义猜测题。第三段的第一句话讲到两项研究，的筹划者都强调这些风险对于健康的人来说相对较小，当然与其他危险因素相比，例如抽烟和高血压，风险也是相对较低的。因此，"modest"意为"relatively low"。‎ ‎55．D 细节理解题。根据文章最后两句的内容可知，应该制定更为严格的控制污染物的规章制度。故D项正确。‎ ‎56．A 写作意图题。文章主要告知读者一项研究结果，指出新发现的引起心脏疾病的因素：我们吸人体内的空气。因此，A项正确。‎ ‎[七]‎ Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s，genetically modified (GM，转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many countries in the world， mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis．But can GM technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would，is it the best solution ?‎ Despite what it promises，GM technology actually has not increased the production potential (潜力) of any crop． In fact，studies show that the most widely grown GM crop， GM soybeans， has suffered reduced productivity．For instance，a report that analyzed nearly two decades of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production．‎ Something else，however，has been on the rise．While GM seeds are expensive，GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides (条虫剂)．On the contrary，US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops．"The promise was that you could use less chemicals and boost production．But neither is true，"said Bill Christison，President of the US National Family Farm Coalition．‎ At the same time，the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger crisis is not caused by production，but by problems in food distribution and politics．These indeed deserve our efforts and money．Meanwhile，the rise in food prices results from the increased use ‎ of crops for fuel rather than food，according to a 2008 World Bank report．‎ As a matter of fact，scientists see better ways to feed the world．Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger，because better ways out are available，among which "green" farming is supposed to be the first choice．‎ ‎57．The author develops the second paragraph mainly ______． ‎ A．by classification B．by comparison C．by example D．by process ‎58．What does the underlined word "boost" in the third paragraph probably mean?‎ ‎ A．Control．‎ B．Evaluate．‎ C．Obtain．‎ D．Increase．‎ ‎59．GM companies promise farmers that they will benefit from ______ ．‎ A．practising "green" farming B．use of less chemicals C．fair distribution of their crops D．using more crops for fuel ‎60．Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards GM technology ?‎ A．Optimistic．‎ B．Defensive．‎ C．Disapproving．‎ D．Casual．‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎ 解读：本文对转基因食品展开了论述。转基因食品曾经被认为能够解决世界粮食危机，但现在看来，转基因食品非但没有解决危机，还带来了诸多的问题，引发了更多的争议。‎ ‎57．C 写作手法题。根据第二段中的For instance可知，作者第二段的写作是通过举例说明的手法展开论述的。‎ ‎58．D 词义猜测题。联系上下文可知，转基因技术的初衷是提高粮食产量，因为它要解决世界粮食短缺问题，由此可知选D，increase"增加，提高"。‎ ‎59．B 细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句"．．．GM companies tell farmers that they will nake good profits by saving money on pesticides（杀虫剂）．"和该段中画线词所在的句子可知答案为B。‎ ‎60．C 作者态度题。通读全文可以看出，作者对转基因食品持反对(disapproving)态度。尤其是作者在论述过程中，多次巧妙地运用了具有转折意味的词语，例如：but，despite， in fact，however，on the contrary，as a matter of fact。‎ ‎[八]‎ Howling is a behaviour commonly observed among a wolf pack．As pack animals，wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other．There are different explanations of a wolf's howl and it appears that there may be more to discover．‎ One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together．It's almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together．Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together．But this theory may be wrong，explains Fred H．Hamngton，a professor who studies wolf behaviour． ‎ Indeed，there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus， and the next，quarreling among each other．It appears that usually the lowest-ranking members of the pack may actually be ‎ ‎"punished" for joining in the chorus at times．So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status among its members? Why do wolves howl for sure?‎ What is clear，however，is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other．Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times．When this happens，howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering．‎ Howling，interestingly，is a contagious behaviour．When one wolf starts to howl，very likely others will follow．This is often seen to occur in the morning，as if wolves were doing some sort of " roll call" where wolves all howl together to report their presence．‎ ‎55．What is the possible similarity between wolves' howling together and humans' singing in chorus?‎ A．The act of calling each other．‎ B．The sense of accomplishment．‎ C．The act of hunting for something．‎ D．The sense of belonging to a group．‎ ‎56．Why does Harrington think the "social on" theory may be wrong?‎ A．Wolves separate from each other after howling．‎ B．Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds．‎ C．Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together．‎ D．Wolves of low rank are encourage to join in the chorus．‎ ‎57．Researchers are sure that wolves often howl to _______ ．‎ A．show their ranks B．find their companions C．report the missing ones D．express their loneliness ‎58．"Howling．．．is a contagious behaviour" (in the last paragraph) means ______ ．‎ A．howling is a signal for hunting B．howling is a way of communication C．howling often occurs in the morning D．howling spreads from one to another 参考答案：‎ ‎ 解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍人们对狼嚎原因的认识和研究成果。‎ ‎55．D 推理判断题。依据第二段第三句话可知，狼群嚎叫和人们合唱可能存在的相似之处是都带来归属感。‎ ‎56．C 细节理解题。第二段最后一句说，Harrington认为这个理论（狼嚎是为了更好地团结在一起）是错误的，紧接着第三段第一句话说明了他的依据，实际情况是有时狼嚎之后往往是争吵。‎ ‎57．B 细节理解题。依据第四段内容可知，很确定的一点是，很多情况下狼嚎是为了确定伙伴的位置，以聚集在一起。‎ ‎58．D 句意理解题。依据最后一段内容尤其是第二句可知，狼嚎具有传染性，一匹狼吼叫之后其他狼跟着效仿，于是出现群嚎现象。‎ ‎[九]‎ As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries，a new electrical generating (发电) and transmission (输送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West，for better or worse．Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery，but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community．The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around．‎ The 19th century saw land grants (政府拔地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads，leaving public land in between privately owned land．In much of the West，some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped，and in both ‎ cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management．With the completion of the interstate highway system many of the small towns， which sprang up as railway stops and developed well，have lost their lifeblood and died．‎ Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West．This is not an argument against building them．We need alternative energy badly，and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now．‎ So trade-offs will have to be made．Somme scenic spots will be sacrificed．Some species (物种) will be forced to move，or will be carefully moved to special accommodations．Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects．‎ The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter．The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region．There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good．But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind，just like the railroads and the highways．‎ The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines．So let's remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West．‎ ‎67．What was the problem caused by the construction of the railways?‎ A．Small towns along the railways became abandoned．‎ B．Some railroad stops remained underused．‎ C．Land in the West was hard to manage．‎ D．Land grants went into private hands． ‎ ‎68．What is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs?‎ A．The transmission of power．‎ B．The use of money and power．‎ C．The conservation of solar energy．‎ D．The selection of an ideal place．‎ ‎69．What is the author's attitude towards building solar plants?‎ A．Cautious．‎ B．approving．‎ C．Doubtful．‎ D．Disapproving．‎ ‎70．Which is the best title for the passage?‎ A．How the Railways Have Affected the West B．How Solar Energy Could Reshape the West C．How the Effects of Power Plants Can Be Reduced D．How the problems of the Highways Have Been Settled 参考答案：‎ 解读：继铁路、公路在美国西部修建之后，太阳能发电站的兴建也将利弊共存，同样对美国西部产生深远的影响。‎ ‎67．C 细节理解题。文章第二段谈到了19世纪修建铁路时，政府把土地提供给了铁路公司，这样导致了国家土地转为私有，因此土地管理就成了挑战，由此可知C项符合题意。‎ ‎68．B 细节理解题。从最后两段内容可知，如何使用资金和能源是一个重要问题，由此可知B项正确。‎ ‎69．A 观点态度题。根据文章第一段可知，铁路、公路的修建对当地造成了一定的影响。在最后一段最后一句中，作者提醒，建设太阳能发电站要记得当年修建铁路、公路造成的影响。故选A。‎ ‎70．B ‎ ‎ 标题概括题。19世纪，铁路、公路的修建为美国西部带来了深远的影响，如今太阳能发电站和输电线路的建设又将如何重塑美国西部呢？故B项最能概括文章大意。‎ ‎[十]‎ Businesses are witnessing a difficult time，which has in turn produced influence on consumers' desire to go green．However，shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns．‎ Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago，while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy．‎ This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves．And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly．Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies，with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company's environmental reputation was not good enough．‎ Harry Morrison，chief executive (立管) of the Carbon Trust，sympathizes: "I understand this situation where survival is very important now．But from environmental considerations，the clock is ticking - we don't have much time．In addition，cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand．" ‎ Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint，as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions (排放)．Those that have taken early action will have a head start．More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible．This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers．‎ The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about ‎ the good work companies are doing．"When companies are granted(授予) the standard，they can use a logo (标识) in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions， Mr．Morrison said．‎ ‎64．What's the main idea of the passage?‎ ‎ A．Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers．‎ B．Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions．‎ C．Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home．‎ D．Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers' environmental awareness．‎ ‎65．The underlined word "inform" in Paragraph 2 probably means ________ ．‎ A．affect B．change ‎ C．disturb D．reject ‎66．According to Harry Morrison， businesses ______ ．‎ A．will benefit from cutting carbon emissions B．should buy carbon allowances for shoppers C．are required to make up for their carbon emissions D．have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere ‎ ‎67．We can learn from the passage that businesses will _______ ．‎ A．have a strong desire to reduce costs B．use the same logo in their marketing C．gain advantages by taking early action D．attract more shoppers by storing goods 参考答案：‎ 解读：随着顾客环保意识的增强，他们更倾向于从环境友好型的公司购买商品，这就促使生产商品的公司减少自身的碳排放。‎ ‎64．D 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍现在顾客的环保意识越来越强，公司要想吸引顾客需要减少碳排放，所以D项正确。‎ ‎65．A 词义猜测题。三分之二的顾客说有关环境的考虑对他们购物的影响程度和一年前相同。A项（affect）意为"影响"，符合语境。change改变；disturb打扰；reject拒绝。‎ ‎66．A 细节理解题。从第四段最后一句话可以看出减少碳排放也可以给公司带来益处，故A项符合题意。‎ ‎67．C 推理判断题。从第四段最后一句和第五段第二句话可知，早采取行动的公司会占据先机，故选C项。‎