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UNIT 3 THE INTERNET
Section C Discovering Useful Structures
核心词汇
词汇一
function
(
1
)
n.
功能;作用;机能
(
2
)
vi.
起作用;正常工作;运转
◆教材原句
They’ve built a kind of new PC with more
functions
.
他们制造了一种功能更多的新电脑。
◆要点必记
function as
起
……
作用;具有
……
功能
function well/normally
运转良好
/
正常
perform/fulfill a...function
履行
……
职责, 发挥
……
作用
perform a variety of functions
履行多种职责
the function of the heart
心脏的功能
题组练
·
领悟方法
◆
单句语法填空
(
1
) [词汇复现]
We have developed a new type of
software
with many
(
function
)
.
◆
单句写作
(
2
)
Although the electricity was cut off
,
the hospital continued to
(正常运转)
.
(
3
)
The chair can also
(具有
……
功能)
a bed.
(
4
)
In your new job you will
(履行多种职责)
.
functions
function normally
function as
perform a variety of functions
词汇二
confirm
vt.
确认;使确信
◆教材原句
Have you
confirmed
the Wi-Fi password?
你确认
Wi-Fi
密码了吗?
◆要点必记
confirm sb. in sth.
使某人确信某事
confirm sb. in one’s belief/opinion/view/ suspicions
证实某人的信念
/
观点
/
看法
/
怀疑
confirm that...
证实
……
It has been confirmed that...
已确定
……
◆词语辨析
confirm
与
prove
· confirm
和
prove
均可作及物动词,后接宾语;
· prove
还可作连系动词用,意为“证明是,被发现是”,后接形容词或名词作表语,常用固定搭配是
prove
(
to be
)
+
adj.
/
n.
。
◆
单句语法填空
(
1
)
I called the airport
(
confirm
)
my flight reservation a week before I left for Beijing.
◆
单句写作
(
2
)
(已经确定)
the meeting will take place next week.
(
3
)
His facial expression
me
( 使
……
确信)
my doubt.
(
4
)
To our satisfaction
,
our underwater explorations
(证实)
the theory turns out to be correct.
◆辨析填空(
confirm/prove
)
(
5
)
You needn’t
the truth of the news
,
which has
true.
to confirm
It has been confirmed that
confirmed
in
confirm that
prove/confirm
proved
词汇三
press
vt.
(
1
)按;压 (
2
)敦促
◆教材原句
Have you
pressed
the button yet to copy the file?
你按下按钮复制文件了吗
?
◆要点必记
press... against/on...
把
……
按在
……
上
press a button/switch/key
按下按钮
/
开关;按键
◆词语积累
pressure
n.
压力;劝说,强迫
under pressure
处于压力下
relieve/reduce pressure
减压
put pressure on sb.
向某人施压
blood pressure
血压
◆
单句语法填空
(
1
)[
2016·
上海卷]
In recent years
,
stress has been regarded as a cause of a whole range of medical problems
,
from high blood
(
press
)
to mental illness.
◆
单句写作
(
2
)
Michael took a few steps backwards and
his back
( 把
……
靠在
……
上)
the wall.
(
3
)
I’m
(处于压力下)
from my parents to become a teacher.
(
4
)
The company may have
(对
……
施加压力)
her to agree.
pressure
pressed
against/on
under pressure
put pressure on
单元语法
要点一 现在完成时的被动语态
一、构成
肯定式:
have/has + been done
否定式:
have/has not + been done
一般疑问式:
Have/Has +
主语
+ been done?
特殊疑问式:疑问词
+ have/has
(
+
主语)
+ been done?
二、用法
(
1
)表示一个被动的动作在说话之前已完成,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,通常与
already
,
yet
,
just
,
never
,
recently
等副词连用。
(
2
)表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在,常与
for
或
since
引导的时间状语连用,或用于
how long
引出的句子中。
(
3
)用在时间或条件状语从句中,表示将 来已完成的被动动作,即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
◆学法点拨
常与现在完成时连用的时间状语:
already
已经
yet
已经
recently/lately
最近
since then
从那时起
ever since
自那以来
ever
曾经
so far
迄今为止
for a long time
很长一段时间
by now
到现在为止
in recent years
在最近几年里
in/during/over the past/last few years
在过去的几年里
三、注意事项
(
1
)与一般过去时的被动语态的区别
(
2
)
borrow
,
begin
,
start
,
buy
,
marry
,
open
,
join
等非延续性动词的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思,需要改变动词或时态。
动作发生的时间
对现在有无影响
一般过去时的被动语态
过去
无
现在完成时的被动语态
过去
有
这本书借了一周了。
The book has been borrowed for a week.
(
×
)
The book has been kept for a week.
(√)
这个工程已经开始多久了?
How long has this project been started?
(
×
)
How long ago was this project started?
(√)
◆学法点拨
非延续性动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程,具有持续性,因而可与
since
或
for
引出的时间状语连用。
(
3
)带有双宾语的动词,如
give
,
send
,
bring
,
take
,
teach
,
show
,
tell
,
make
,
sing
,
write
,
sell
,
buy
,
lend
,
offer
,
hand
,
pass
,
get
等,变为被动语态时,一般是把指人的间接宾语变为主语。如果将直接宾语变为被动句的主语,间接宾语前要加
to
或
for
。
(
4
)带有复合宾语(宾语
+
宾语补足语)的动词变为被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾语补足语保持不动。主动语态中不带
to
的不定式作宾补,在被动语态中要加上
to
。
(
5
)短语动词变为被动语态时,要注意保 持短语动词的完整性,不可漏掉动词后面原有的介词或副词。此类短语动词有:
① 动词
+
介词
refer to
,
look after
,
call on
,
rely on
,
look for
,
look at
,
listen to
,
dream of
,
meet with
,
laugh at
,
result in
,
wait for
,
deal with
,
operate on
② 动词
+
名词
+
介词
pay attention to
,
make use of
,
take part in
,
keep an eye on
,
make fun of
,
catch sight of
,
set fire to
,
take a note of
,
take care of
③ 动词
+
副词
turn on
,
turn off
,
carry on
,
carry out
,
think over
,
make up
,
set up
,
put down
,
hand in
,
point out
,
call up
◆
单句语法填空
(
1
)
Their new house
(
decorate
)
for two months and they will settle in it in the near future.
(
2
)
Their new cars
(
advertise
)
on the Internet for a long time.
(
3
)
All the athletes
(
select
)
from millions of people all over the country in the past two months.
(
4
)
A new library and a gymnasium in our school
(
set
)
up so far and they will be put into use very soon.
(
5
)
A great many machines
(
produce
)
by the factory since the technological revolution.
has been decorated
have been advertised
have been selected
have been set
have been produced
(
6
)
Great changes
(
take
)
place in my hometown and a lot of factories _______________
(
set
)
up in the past ten years.
(
7
)
Every possible means
(
try
)
to save the wounded soldier up to now.
(
8
)
How many suggestions
(
give
)
to you so far?
(
9
)
I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard.
it all
(
finish
)
?
(
10
)
All the preparations for the task
(
make
),
and we’re ready to start.
have taken
have been set
has been tried
have been given
Has
been finished
have been made
(
11
)
In the last few years thousands of films
(
produce
)
all over the world.
(
12
)[
2015·
天津卷]
Despite the previous rounds of talks
,
no agreement_______________
(
reach
)
so far by the two sides.
(
13
)
I got caught in the rain and my suit
(
ruin
)
.
(
14
)
A lot of factories
(
set
)
up since last year.
(
15
)
We can’t go on with the experiment because the computer
(
not repair
)
.
have been produced
has been reached
has been ruined
have been set
hasn’t been repaired
◆将下列句子改为被动语态
(
1
)
They have just connected the printer to the computer.
(
2
)
We have planted many trees on the hill in the last five years.
(
3
)
Tom hasn’t sold out all the magazines.
(
4
)
Have you found ways to make waste water clean?
(
5
)
She has already returned this book to the library.
The printer has just been connected to the computer
(
by them
)
.
Many trees have been planted on the hill in the last five years
(
by us
)
All the magazines have not been sold out
(
by Tom
)
.
Have ways been found to make waste water clean
(
by you
)
?
This book has already been returned to the library
(
by her
)
.
(
6
)
He has sent me an e-mail.
→
→
(
7
)
We have seen him lie on the ground.
→
(
8
)
Jane has referred to the book.
→
(
9
)
Tom has paid much attention to his handwriting.
→
→
I have been sent an e-mail.
An e-mail has been sent to me.
He has been seen to lie on the ground.
The book has been referred to
(
by Jane
)
.
Much attention has been paid to Tom’s handwriting.
Tom’s handwriting has been paid much attention to.
(
10
)
They have put out the big fire.
→
◆
单句写作
(
1
)
The boys
(已经被多次告知)
not to swim in that lake
,
but it doesn’t make any difference.
(
2
)
We are glad to be told that Li Tao
(已经被复旦大学录取)
for his top scores.
(
3
)
With the help of high technology
,
more and more new substances
(被发现)
in the past few years.
(
4
)
When and where to go for the on-salary holiday
(没有确定)
yet.
The big fire has been put out.
have been told many times
has been admitted to Fudan University
have been discovered
has not been decided
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