高中英语选修七Unit3 Under the sea Period 2教案 10页

‎ 设计者　王国琴 ‎ 教材分析　　　　　‎ Warming Up provides two activities to spark students' interest in the topic.Of course，before the class，the students must have gathered some information to make preparations for this class.Many kinds of their favorite sea animals are presented in their vivid pictures.Students are encouraged to introduce them using some new expressions such as at an aquarium，on a snorkelling trip.‎ Pre－reading is designed to further stimulate their interest in the topic of the unit.Meanwhile，students may have some basic information about the text.‎ ‎ The reading passage Old Tom the Killer Whale tells about two anecdotes witnessed by the writer himself.The teacher can first get students to skim the text for the characters in the two anecdotes and get the main idea of each anecdote.Then let them scan for further understanding.In order to let students pay attention to the writer's vivid description，the teacher can ask them to do a blank－filling exercise in pairs to find out some key verbs and verb phrases.Having done this，students must have had a very clear understanding of the whole hunting and saving process.To make their understanding easier，the teacher should deal with any language problems while they are reading.And then underline some useful words and expressions.‎ For further thinking，students are expected to work in pairs or groups.They will discuss the problems and work out the answers cooperatively，choosing a reporter in their group.Students will think actively，so various answers are possible.‎ To consolidate the contents of the reading passage，students should be required to retell the passage in the name of Old Tom or the baleen whale or James with as many key words as possible.‎ At the end of the class，by holding a debate，the teacher can arouse students' interest further as well as make them aware of the relationship between man and animals and the importance of banning whaling.‎ 三维目标　　　　　‎ 知识目标 ‎1．Get students to learn the useful new words and expressions in this part：anecdote，annual，witness，accommodation，shore，opposite，yell，pause，telescope，teamwork，dive，depth，lip，urge，abandon，shark，relationship，help...out.‎ ‎2．Let students learn about several different types of whales，especially the killer whales.‎ 能力目标 ‎1．Enable the students to learn to talk about their favorite sea animals.‎ ‎2．Develop students' reading ability by learning to read about the killer whales and let them learn different learning skills.[来源:学科网]‎ ‎3．Develop their creative thinking ability.‎ 情感目标 ‎1．Arouse students' great interest in sea animals.‎ ‎2．Make them aware of the relationship between man and animals and the importance of banning whaling.‎ ‎3．Develop students' sense of cooperative learning.‎ 教学重点　　　　　‎ ‎1．Reading comprehension to the text.‎ ‎2．Learning more about the killer whales and understanding the relationship between the killer whales and the whalers.‎ ‎3．Important words and expressions.‎ 教学难点 　　　　　‎ ‎1．The relationship between the killer whales and the whalers.‎ ‎2．Develop students' reading ability.‎ 教学方法　　　　　‎ ‎1．Individual，pair and group work.‎ ‎2．Task－based teaching and learning.‎ ‎3．Quiz，discussion，blank－filling，retelling，debate.‎ 教学工具　　　　　‎ A computer and a projector.‎ 教学过程　　　　　‎ Step 1　Warming up ‎1．Ask some students to show some pictures of their favorite sea animals and introduce them to the class.The introduction should cover these aspects：‎ ‎·The English and Chinese name of your favorite sea animal.‎ ‎·Where did you find it?[来源:学科网]‎ ‎·Some features of it，its distribution，or living condition.Anything about it is welcome.‎ ‎·Why do you like it?‎ Sample introduction：‎ ‎①My favorite sea animal is dolphins(海豚)．I found them at an aquarium this summer holiday.Dolphins are very meek(温顺的)．Neither as timid animals in virgin forests who run away immediately they discover a stranger，nor as beasts in remote mountains who bare fangs and brandish claws the moment they encounter a person，dolphins are always friendly with people.Dolphins and human beings have been on friendly terms all along.‎ I like dolphins，because dolphins are truly intellectual.They can even imitate some people's voice after a period of training.Yet，dolphins have intelligence different from common animals.The volume and mass of their brain are among the most considerable in the animal world.Up to the present moment，scientists have two different views on animals' intelligence：one is that of all animals，chimps are the most intellectual and capable；another is that chimps are no more capable of studying than dolphins，and it is probable that dolphins are more intellectual than chimps.Therefore，some people consider dolphins as “wizards in the sea”．‎ When mentioning dolphins，people will probably speak highly of their supernormal intelligence and ability.In that aquarium，it is common that dolphins are giving a wonderful performance by following the trainer's instructions.They seem to be capable of understanding what mankind expresses and taking actions according to the instructions.At present，the majority of people marvel at dolphins' supernormal intelligence as a kind of sea animal.But to what extent ‎ can dolphins' intelligence and ability achieve？It remains to be probed and researched.‎ ‎[来源:Z。xx。k.Com]‎ ‎②My favorite sea animal is tropical fish(热带鱼)．I found them on a snorkelling trip.I was attracted by its colorful appearance.In the half an hour's trip from the shore，I found coral reefs，tropical fish and other marine life.Excitedly，I bought some fishes home.It was my first time to raise tropical fish.One month ago my friend told me that tropical fish are easier to raise than the golden fish.Her words let me think of another friend of mine.He is raising tropical fish.I am feeding four categories of tropical fish.Two black marry，eight peacocks，another two fishes，although I don't know their names，are the most beautiful.The peacock is the smallest and isn't colorful as I have seen in other places before.My friend told me they will be beautiful when they grow up.So I put the eight peacock fish into a small fish jar.I observes them every day and is expecting them to be bigger and more colorful.Two of the four big tropical fishes have died including the beautiful one.Perhaps the beautiful fish's life is fragile.If it is true，then I don't expect the small peacocks to turn beautiful.I shouldn't be so greedy to want both.That they just have strong life is enough for me.‎ ‎2．The teacher show the picture of a killer whale and do a small quiz about it.‎ ‎(1)What's the Chinese and English name of this whale?‎ 虎鲸Killer whales ‎(2)Can you match these whales with their Chinese and English names？(Show students some pictures of different whales.)‎ ‎　　　　　‎ baleen whale 须鲸 sperm whale抹香鲸 ‎ ‎ blue whale 蓝鲸 white whale白鲸 ‎(3)Which of these kinds of whales can grow to be the largest?‎ Blue whales 蓝鲸(about 21－‎27m in length,100－120tons in weight)‎ ‎(4)Humans have been hunting whales for more than __A__ years.‎ A．2000　　　　　　　B．‎1000　‎　　　　　　C．500‎ ‎(5)Will the killer whales attack people and eat them？　No.‎ ‎(6)Does a female killer whale give birth to a baby whale or lay eggs？　Give birth to a baby whale.‎ ‎(7)What does a newly－born baby killer whale feed on？__C__‎ A．Small sea animals. B．Sea plants. C．Its mother's milk.‎ ‎(8)Do the killers belong to the family of dolphins or whales？　Dolphins.‎ ‎(9)Male killer whales have a life expectancy of __B__ years，while females can live as long as __D__ years.‎ A．40－50　　　　　B．50－‎60　‎　　　　C．60－70　　　　　D．80－90‎ ‎(10)Killers are highly social animals that travel in groups called pods(群)．Pods usually consist of __A__ whales.‎ A．2－50 B．20－‎50 ‎‎ C．30－60‎ ‎(11)How many sounds can a killer whale make？　62 sounds.‎ ‎(12)Are killers endangered species and in need of conservation？　No.‎ ‎(13)The killer whales are sometimes called the “__A__ of the sea” because they are both very fierce.‎ A．wolf B．dog C．tiger[来源:学|科|网Z|X|X|K]‎ Step 2　Pre－reading ‎1．Read the words in Pre－reading on Page 19 quickly and fill in the form.‎ Writer An old man called Clancy Occupation ‎·A whaler Style ‎·Anecdotes Time ‎·At the beginning of the 20th century Place ‎·‎Australia What happened ‎·The killer whales helped the whalers catch a baleen whale.‎ Step 3　Skimming ‎1．Glance through the two anecdotes and use one sentence to get the main idea of each anecdote.‎ Main ideas：‎ Anecdote one：The killer whales helped the whalers to catch a baleen whale.‎ Anecdote two：Old Tom saved a whaler James.‎ ‎2．Fill in the blanks with the names of the roles in the text.‎ ‎(1)______was 16 years of age when he went to work at the whaling station.‎ ‎(2)______orderd Clancy to go to the boat as there was a whale out there in the bay.‎ ‎(3)______was swimming by the boat showing the whalers the way.‎ ‎(4)______told Clancy that they would return the next day to bring in the body of the whale.‎ ‎(5)______was carried by the waves further and further away from the whalers.‎ ‎(6)______knew that Old Tom would protect James.‎ Suggested answers：(1)Clancy　(2)George　(3)Old Tom　(4)Jack　(5)James　(6)Red ‎ Step 4　Scanning ‎1．Read these two anecdotes carefully and find out some verbs or verb phrases to do the blank－filling worksheet.‎ Anecdote one：‎ There was perfect cooperation between the whalers and the killer whales.‎ Before the hunt The killers' action：Threw_itself out_of the water and then crashed_down again.‎ Swam_by the boat，showing the whalers the way.‎ Circled back to the boat, leading the whalers to the hunt.‎ The whalers' reaction：A whaler yelled out. George ran ahead_of_ clancy.Clancy raced_after him.‎ They jumped_into_the boat with the other whalers and headed_out into the bay.‎ During and after the hunt The killers' action：A pack of killers are throwing_themselves on top of the whale's blow－hole to_stop it breathing；some others are stopping it fleeing_out to sea.[来源:学科网]‎ The killers started racing_between the whalers' boat and the whale，just like a pack of excited dogs.‎ Within a moment or two，the whale's body was dragged_down_into the depths of the sea.‎ The whalers' reaction：The man in the bow of the boat aimed a harpoon at the whale and let it go to hit the spot.‎ Started turning the boat around to go home.‎ Anecdote two：‎ The dangers facing James：‎ ‎(1)He was washed_off_the boat and was carried_away_by rough waves.‎ ‎(2)There was a shark out there.‎ The help offered by Old Tom：‎ ‎(1)Old Tom wouldn't_let_the shark near.‎ ‎(2)Old Tom firmly held James up in the water.‎ ‎2．Reading aloud and underlining expressions.‎ Students read the text aloud to the tape and underline all the expressions in the text.Put them down into their notebooks after class as homework.‎ Suggested answers：‎ Collections：at the time，witness sth.with one's own eyes many times，sort out my accommodation，in time to do sth.，crash down，yell out，ahead of，flee out to sea，aim at，let sth.go，be dragged swiftly down into the depths of the sea，in the meantime，have a good feed on sth.，be carried further and further away，be firmly held up in the water ‎3．Reading，identifying and settling.‎ Students skim the text once again and identify the difficult sentences.Let them try analyzing the structures of the difficult sentences and discuss them among their group members.They may also turn to the teacher for help.‎ ‎·...George didn't like being kept waiting...‎ ‎·...I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers.‎ ‎·Being badly wounded，the whale soon died.‎ ‎·...I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.‎ Step 5　Discussion After the students read the passage，ask them to discuss the following questions in groups and ‎ then report to the class.‎ ‎1．Why has the killer whale got the name Old Tom?‎ ‎2．Do you like killer whales？Why or why not?‎ Suggested answers：‎ ‎1．Old Tom is a person's name.In my opinion，the reasons why the killer in the text is called so may be two.For one thing，the killer that showed the whalers the way to the hunt and saved James must be a male killer whale because Tom is a man's name.For another，the whalers called it Old Tom，just as they were calling a man.That is to say，the whalers treated it as their dear friend.In the meantime，the killer itself must be very friendly to the whalers and helped them a lot in hunting in the sea.In return，the killer can get part of the baleen whale as its food.So to some extent，the whalers and killers are depending on each other.They cooperated well and lived in harmony with one another.‎ ‎2．I like killer whales because when James fell off the boat，the killer whale not only protected him from being drowned but also wouldn't let the shark near.They are so clever and friendly to human beings.What's more，they worked as a team，which should be learned by us when we are working.‎ I don't like them.Though they are clever and friendly to us，they are too fierce.To my great surprise，they should eat the flesh of another whale.I could hardly believe it.I have never heard of one animal killing his families and even eating their meat.How pitiful it is!‎ Step 6　Further－thinking ‎1．What else do you think is amazing in the story？Show your evidence.‎ ‎2．What is an anecdote?‎ Suggested answers：‎ ‎1．I think it is so amazing that we human beings should use one animal to attack or hunt another animal even his own family members，just like dogs that help hunters hunt animals.‎ I think that the killer will return the body of the baleen whale instead of keeping it or eating it up is very amazing.But I guess the killer whales are just fond of the taste of the baleen whale's lips and tongue.Or they just want to share it with the whalers in return for their cooperation.‎ ‎2．According to the text，as far as I am concerned，an anecdote must be an exciting or amazing story.‎ Step 7　Consolidation Ask students to retell the passage with the help of their worksheet.‎ ‎1．Please retell either of the two anecdotes in the name of Old Tom，the baleen whale or James.Your anecdote should at least consist of two paragraphs：‎ Paragraph one：about the writer，time，place and what happened ‎ Paragraph two：detailed information about the anecdote For reference：‎ In the name of Old Tom I am Old Tom，a killer whale.I live in the southeastern ocean of Australia.Enormous as I am，I never harm or attack people.Instead，I always help the whalers catch baleen whales.At the beginning of the 20th century，it was I and my companions who assisted the whalers in hunting a huge baleen whale.And later，I did save James from being drowned.‎ On that day，when I found a baleen whale nearby，I quickly threw myself out of the water and crashed down again.As soon as they saw this and headed out to the hunt，I swam by the boat，showing them the way.Usually we work as a team—a pack of about six of us killers.Some threw ourselves on top of the whale's blow－hole to stop it breathing.And those others stopped it fleeing out to sea.At last，we succeeded in catching it.In the meantime，we enjoyed the lips and tongue of the baleen whale，leaving the rest of it to the whalers the next day.‎ One day，James was washed off the boat.The sea was rough.The waves were carrying him further and further away.Worse still，I saw a shark swimming around.From James's face，I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by others and attacked by the shark.But I wouldn't let the shark near.When they approached him，I had been holding him up in the water for half an hour.‎ I do hope you could witness them with your eyes.And most importantly，you should learn from us—“work as a team”！‎ In the name of the baleen whale I was a pitiful baleen whale. I once lived in the southeastern ocean of Australia. At the beginning of the 20th century，a misfortune did fall upon me.To my great sorrow，I was cornered and killed by the whalers with the help of another kind of whale called killer whales.‎ On that day，I was found by a killer whale called Old Tom nearby.He quickly threw himself out of the water and crashed down again.As soon as the whalers saw this and headed out to the hunt，he swam by the boat，showing them the way.Usually the killers work as a team—a pack of about six of them.Some threw themselves on top of my blow－hole to stop me breathing.And those others stopped me fleeing out to sea.At last，I was worn out and had no luck.I was badly wounded by a harpoon.I did nothing wrong.Why did they want to kill me？Later，I was dragged down into the depths of the sea，having had my lips and tongue eaten.I was sent back to the whalers the next day.I really hated the killers.If they hadn't helped the whalers，I could have fled out to sea to enjoy my rest life.‎ In the name of James I am James，a whaler.I live on the southeastern coast of Australia.At the beginning of the 20th century，I was saved by Old Tom，a killer whale.‎ Believe it or not，the killer whales can not only help us hunt but also save people when they are in danger.One day，Old Tom found a baleen whale nearby，it quickly threw itself out of the water and crashed down again.As soon as we saw this and headed out to the hunt，it swam by the boat，showing us the way.Usually the killers work as a team—a pack of about six of them.Some threw themselves on top of the baleen whale's blow－hole to stop it breathing.And those others stopped it fleeing out to sea.At last，we succeeded in catching it.In the meantime，the killers enjoyed the lips and tongue of the baleen whale，leaving the rest of it to us the next day.‎ Another day，I was washed off the boat.The sea was rough.The waves were carrying me further and further away.To make matters worse，I saw a shark swimming around.I was terrified of being abandoned by others and attacked by the shark.But to my surprise，Old Tom wouldn't let the shark near.When my companions approached me，I had been held up in the water by Old Tom for half an hour.‎ This experience left a deep impression on me.I really appreciated Old Tom.It was it that gave me a second life.‎ Step 8　Debate The last whaling station in Australia closed in 1978.Whales are now an endangered species and protected by an international ban，but some countries oppose the ban.In groups discuss the reasons for and against banning whaling.‎ Step 9　Homework ‎1．Write down the useful new words and expressions，then learn them by heart.‎ ‎2．Write down an anecdote in the name of Old Tom，the baleen whale or James.‎ Physical Description The killer whale，or orca，is the largest member of the dolphin family.Killer whales are large and robust with a blunt head and reduced beak.With their striking pigmentation，they are not often confused with other species in their natural setting.Orcas are jet black with a white patch behind and above the eyes.The lower jaw and throat are also white，contiguous with a white belly patch that extends back to the genital region.The undersides of the flukes are white and white lobes extend upwards from the white belly to behind the dorsal fin.A grey saddle patch is found behind the dorsal fin，the shape of which is unique to individual whales.The tall dorsal fin of mature animals，especially males，can reach up to 1.8 meters(5.9 feet)．Males reach 8.5 meters(28 feet)in length，while females reach 6.7 meters(22 feet)．‎ Natural History Killer whales are one of the most cosmopolitan species of whales，with a distribution that spans tropical oceans and arctic seas.They are highly social and form strong and persistent social bonds with their pod members.Pods are made up of extended family members and 2 or more pods may come together for short periods to mate.The world's killer whale population seems to consist of subpopulations adapted to live within the specialized niche of their environment.A pod's movements tends to follow those of their intended prey which，depending on location，may include salmon herring，baleen whales，penguins and seals.‎ Status In Canada，killer whales are listed as threatened by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife(COSEWIC)and are protected under the new federal Species at Risk Act(SARA)．Other populations worldwide may be protected under specific national legislation.‎ Threats to the Species Although the global population of killer whales is not endangered，different regional populations are depleted.Resident and transient populations off the coast of Vancouver，Canada and Washington State，U.S.，were depleted by the live capture fishery for aquaria that occurred before scientists knew how many killer whales existed in the population.Today these populations number only a few hundred whales and are threatened by pollution，heavy ship traffic，and possibly reduced prey.Because of the killer whales' popularity，there are concerns that intensive whale watching operations may drive whales from their preferred habitat.As well，noise－making devices attached to salmon cages to scare off predators may also force whales out of their preferred habitat，affecting their ability to feed.Some orca populations are also hunted in Japan，Indonesia，Greenland and the West Indies.‎ 外形特征 虎鲸是一种大型齿鲸，身长为8～10米，体重9吨左右，背呈黑色，腹为灰白色，‎ 有一个尖尖的背鳍，背鳍弯曲长达‎1米，嘴巴细长，牙齿锋利，性情凶猛，食肉动物，善于进攻猎物，是企鹅、海豹等动物的天敌。有时它们还袭击其他鲸类，甚至是大白鲨，可称得上是海上霸王。‎ 寿命：雄性：50～60年；雌性：80～90年，甚至100年 ‎ 雌雄虎鲸外观区别(上雄下雌)‎ 虎鲸的体型极为粗壮，是海豚科中体型最大的物种。头部呈圆锥状，没有突出的嘴喙。大而高耸的背鳍位于背部中央，其形状有高度变异性，雌鲸与未成年虎鲸的背鳍呈镰刀形，而成年雄鲸则多半如棘刺般直立，高度约1至1‎.8米。胸鳍大而宽阔，大致呈圆形，这点与大多数海豚科成员的典型镰刀状背鳍不同。上、下颚各有10至14对大而尖锐的牙齿作为武器，每颗牙大概有‎8厘米。在海湾的浅水地带，它还喜欢用尾巴去钩拉海藻，发出“呼呼”的声音，不久，浑身就披满了半透明的海草。‎ 虎鲸的体色图样主要由黑与白这两种对比分明的色彩组成，位于身体腹面的白色区域自下颚往后延伸至肛门处，在全黑的胸鳍之间变得狭窄，到了肚脐后方产生分歧，尾鳍腹面亦为白色。背部与体侧皆为黑色，但在生殖裂附近的侧腹处有白色斑块，眼睛斜后方亦有明显的椭圆形白斑。在背鳍后方有呈灰至白色的马鞍状斑纹。‎ 习性 虎鲸时常会有跃身击浪、浮窥等行为，或是以尾鳍或胸鳍拍击水面。虎鲸的泳速最快可达时速‎55千米，可闭气17分钟左右。当周遭空气凉爽时，通常可看见它们低矮而呈树枝状的喷气。它们对船只的反应多样，冷漠忽视或是充满好奇心都有可能。偶尔会集体搁浅，群体有时会被困在潮池或海湾中。在北极与南极海域，因为风吹而快速产生的浮冰对虎鲸而言是一大麻烦，有时会因此迫使它们停留于水面开阔的小水域里相当长的时间。 ‎ 虎鲸喜欢群居的生活，有2～3只的小群，也有40～50只的大群，每天总有2～3个小时静静地待在水的表层，因为肺部充满了足够的空气，所以能够安然地漂浮在海面上，露出巨大的背鳍。群体成员间的胸鳍经常保持接触，显得亲热和团结。如果群体中有成员受伤，或者发生意外失去了知觉，其他成员就会前来帮助，用身体或头部连顶带托，使其能够继续漂浮在海面上，就是在睡觉时也扎成一堆，这是为了互相照应，并保持一定程度的清醒。 它们在一起旅行，用食，以种群为社会组织，在广大的家庭中休息，互相依靠着生存长大。‎ 食性 虽然它的牙齿非常坚硬，但却不如鲨鱼的牙齿那样锋利，因此主要用于摄取而不是咀嚼，而被它叼住的食物都是整个吞下的。虎鲸的食物多样，由小型结群鱼类、鱿鱼(枪乌贼)，一直到大型须鲸与抹香鲸都有可能成为它们的猎物；其他的如海豹等鳍脚类动物、海龟、海豚、海狗、海獭、海牛、儒艮、鲨鱼、魟等，甚至还有鹿与麋鹿，似乎是趁它们游泳横渡水道时伺机捕食。甚至会利用涨潮冲到海岸边，捕捉来不及逃走的海豹、企鹅。各群似乎有自己偏好的食物种类，例如某些族群主要以鲑鱼、鲔鱼、或鲱鱼等鱼类为主要食物，某些群则会巡视鳍脚类的登陆地寻找猎物，或跟随迁徙中的鲸群，有如狼群追踪北美驯鹿的情景。‎ 虎鲸显然需要合作以袭击并制服大型猎物，但它们也会合力将鱼群集中成一个大球，然后轮流钻入取食。虎鲸也会偷吃延绳钓渔船上钩的鱼获，或吃食渔民丢弃的下杂鱼等。它们似乎会选择性的咬食须鲸的舌头。其猎物可能深受对虎鲸的恐惧所影响，当虎鲸出现时鳍脚类会逃往陆地或冰上，鲸豚则会游入浅水域或藏匿于浮冰的裂隙间。‎