2019年度高考英语人教版必修三课堂要点精析讲义：Unit5SectionⅠWarmingUp&Reading 13页

Canada‎ is the second largest country in the world after Russia. ‎ It is larger than the USA and reaches nearly a quarter of the way round ‎ the earth. The distance from east to west is over 5,500 kilometres ‎ and the country covers six of the world's 24 time zones. However, ‎ its population, about 33.8 million, is only about onefifth of Russia's.‎ Nearly 90% of Canadians live within ‎200 km of the border with the ‎ United States‎, which means that Canada contains vast expanses ‎ ‎(宽阔的区域) of wilderness to the north. Canada's native peoples ‎ make up less than two percent of the population.‎ The weather is different from area to area. In the north, the ‎ winters are long and hard, with snow for six months of the year. The ‎ temperature can fall to －‎60 ℃‎. The west coast of Canada is the ‎ warmest place in winter. The average January temperature is ‎3 ℃‎，‎ ‎ and in July it is ‎18 ℃‎. Here it rains a lot every month of the year. ‎ Plants grow well all the year round and the parks and gardens are ‎ famous for their flowers.‎ Canada‎ has one third of the world's supply of fresh water. There ‎ are five great lakes in the south, and there are many others, especially ‎ in the north. Most of the electricity is produced by water. The country ‎ has a great deal of coal, oil and natural gas, and these are all exploited ‎(开发) for energy.‎ Section_ⅠWarming Up & Reading — Prereading ‎[原文呈现] [读文清障]‎ A TRIP ON “THE TRUE NORTH①”‎ Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to② Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast③. Rather than④ take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train from west to east across Canada. The thought ⑤that they could cross the whole continent⑥ was exciting.‎ Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport. He was going to take them and their baggage⑦ to catch “The True North”， the crossCanada train. On the way to the station, he chatted⑧ about their trip. “You're going to see some great scenery⑨. ⑩Going eastward⑪， you'll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities. Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. Here in Vancouver, you're in Canada's warmest part. People say it is Canada's most beautiful city, ‎ ‎①THE TRUE NORTH有两个含义：一是它的本义“真正的北方”，即加拿大是地球上最北端的国家之一；二是指横贯加拿大东西部的一列火车的名字。‎ ‎②be on a trip to去某地旅行(表状态)‎ go on a trip to去某地旅行(表动作)‎ ‎③on the Atlantic coast在大西洋海岸上 ‎④rather than与其；不愿　连接两个并列成分；rather than位于句首时，其后跟不带to的不定式。‎ ‎⑤that引导同位语从句，说明thought的具体内容。‎ ‎⑥continent/'kɒntInənt/n.洲；大陆 ‎⑦baggage/'bæɡIdʒ/n.行李　luggage n．行李 ‎“一件行李”用a piece of baggage/luggage表示。‎ ‎⑧chat/tʃæt/vi.&n.聊天；闲聊 chat with sb.(＝have a chat with sb.)与某人聊天 ‎⑨scenery/'siːnərI/n.景色；风景 指一个地区总的自然风光，可能包括多个scene。‎ ‎⑩现在分词短语going eastward作伴随或方式状语。‎ ‎⑪eastward/'iːstwəd/adv.向东　adj.向东的；朝东的 eastward也作eastwards，注意不能说go to eastward。‎ ‎⑫surround/sə'raʊnd/vt.包围；围绕 be surrounded by被……包围/围绕 ‎⑬过去分词短语surrounded by ...作定语，修饰city，相当于一个非限制性定语从句。‎ ‎⑭harbour/'hɑːbə/n.(＝harbor)海港　in the harbour在海港 ‎⑮one of Canada's most popular cities to live in加拿大最受欢迎的居住城市之一，作宾语补足语。此处to live in作定语，修饰cities。‎ surrounded⑫ by mountains and the Pacific Ocean⑬. Skiing in the Rocky Mountains and sailing in the harbour⑭ make Vancouver one of Canada's most popular cities to live in⑮. Its population is increasing rapidly. The coast north of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring⑯ over 90 metres.⑰”‎ ‎⑯measure/'meʒə/v.测量；衡量；判定n.计量制；计量单位；措施 ‎⑰It is so ... that ..., some measuring ...是主从复合句，so ... that“如此……以至于”，引导结果状语从句；some measuring ...是独立主格结构，补充说明extremely tall。‎ ‎ “真北方”之旅 ‎[第1～2段译文]‎ 李黛予和她的表妹刘倩要去加拿大大西洋海岸的蒙特利尔市看望她们的表兄妹。她们不想一路乘飞机，而决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。要横贯整个大陆的想法很是令人兴奋。‎ 她们的朋友林丹尼正在机场等候她们。他要带着她们和她们的行李去乘坐横越加拿大的“真北方”号列车。在去火车站的路上，他聊起了她们的旅程。“你们将会看到一些美丽壮阔的风景。一路向东行，你们会经过一座座山脉，上千个湖泊、森林，还有宽阔的河流和许多大城市。有人想在不到5天的时间里穿越加拿大，但是他们忘了加拿大从东海岸到西海岸共有5 ‎500千米的事实。这儿，温哥华，是加拿大最温暖的地方。人们说它(温哥华)是加拿大最美丽的城市，被大山和太平洋环绕。在落基山脉可以滑雪，海港供你们扬帆，这些使得温哥华成为加拿大最受欢迎的居住城市之一。这个城市的人口增长很快。在温哥华北面的海岸上保存着一些世界上最古老、最美丽的森林。那儿湿度很大，所以树长得特别高，一些经测量高达90多米。”‎ That afternoon aboard the train⑱， the cousins settled down⑲ in their seats. Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to⑳ catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. Their next stop was Calgary, which is ‎ ‎⑱aboard the train(介词短语)登上火车 aboard/ə'bɔːd/prep.&adv.在(船、飞机、火车或公共汽车)上；上(船、飞机、火车等)‎ ‎⑲settle down定居；平静下来；专心于 ‎⑳manage to do设法做 manage vt.努力；设法；经营；管理；控制 famous for the Calgary Stampede. Cowboys from all over the world come to compete in the Stampede. Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.‎ After two days' travel, the girls began to realize that Canada is quite empty. At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border， and that Canada's population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country. They went through a wheatgrowing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres. After dinner, they were back in an urban area, the busy port city of Thunder Bay at the top of the Great Lakes. The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes. Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world. In fact, it has onethird of the world's total fresh water, and much of it is in the Great Lakes.‎ That night as they slept， the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior, through the great forests and southward towards Toronto.‎ try to do努力做(不一定成功)‎ catch sight of看见；瞥见　grizzly bear灰熊 eagle/'iːɡl/n.鹰 stampede/stæm'piːd/n.大西部赛马会 cowboy/'kaʊbɔI/n.牛仔；牧童 have a gift for有……天赋 within/wI'ðIn/prep.在……之内　既可以指时间，也可以指空间。‎ border/'bɔːdə/n.边界；国界；边沿vt.&vi与……接壤；接近　on the border of接近；临近 slightly/'slaItlI/adv.稍稍；轻微地 be amazed to see惊讶地看到 go through在此处意为“穿过”，还作“经历；遭受；仔细检查；完成”讲。　‎ acre/'eIkə/n.英亩 urban/'ɜːbən/adj.城市的；市镇的 反义词：rural adj.农村的；田园的 Thunder/'θʌndə/Bay桑德湾 sail up沿……向上游航行 that引导同位语从句，说明fact的具体内容。‎ Canada has more ... than any other ...中比较级表达最高级含义。‎ as they slept是as引导的时间状语从句。‎ across表示在物体表面上穿过，强调横向跨过，从一端到另一端。through则强调在一个有障碍的空间里穿过。‎ ‎[第3～5段译文]‎ 那天下午表姐妹俩登上火车落了座。那天早些时候，当她们穿越落基山脉时，她们总算看到了一些野山羊，甚至还看到了一只灰熊和一只鹰。她们的下一站是卡尔加里，这个城市因“大西部赛马会”‎ 而闻名。来自世界各地的牛仔们来参加赛马会比赛。他们中许多人都有骑野马的才能，他们能赢得几千美元的奖金。‎ 两天的旅行以后，这两个女孩开始意识到加拿大人烟稀少。她们在学校就已经学过，大多数加拿大人居住在靠近美国几百千米以内的边境地带，加拿大的人口也只有三千万多一点儿。但是现在看到这么空旷的国家，她们很惊讶。她们穿过一个种植小麦的省份，看到了面积有数千英亩的农场。晚饭后，她们又回到城市，位于五大湖区最北端的繁忙的港口城市——桑德湾。海轮可以航行到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。她们知道，因为五大湖，加拿大的淡水比世界上任何其他国家都要多。事实上，加拿大拥有全世界总淡水量的三分之一，其中大部分都蓄在五大湖里。,那天夜里她们睡着了，火车越过苏必利尔湖北部，穿过大森林，朝南向多伦多飞驰着。‎ Prereading Please match the words with their proper meanings.‎ ‎1．continent　　　　 A．聊天；闲聊 ‎2．chat B．洲；大陆 ‎3．scenery C．测量；衡量；判定 ‎4．surround D．景色；风景 ‎5．measure E．包围；围绕 ‎6．aboard F．边界；国界 ‎7．within G．向东(的)‎ ‎8．border H．在(船、飞机、火车或公共汽车)上；‎ ‎ 上(船、飞机、火车等)‎ ‎9．baggage I．在……之内 ‎10．eastward J．行李 ‎1～5__________　 6～10__________‎ 答案：1～5　BADEC　 6～10　HIFJG Leadin ‎1．Which is the national flag of Canada?‎ ‎2．Which is the national flower of Canada?‎ ‎3．Which is the capital city of Canada?‎ ‎4．Which is the national animal of Canada?‎ 答案：1～4　ACDA Whilereading Fastreading Match the main idea with the proper paragraph.‎ ‎(1)Para‎.1　‎　 A．The train rushed towards Toronto.‎ ‎(2)Para.2 B．Li Daiyu and her cousin were on a trip to ‎ ‎ Canada.‎ ‎(3)Para‎.3 ‎ C．Canada's border, population, agriculture and ‎ ‎ lakes.‎ ‎(4)Para.4 D．Talking something about Vancouver — its ‎ ‎ position; scenery; population, etc.‎ ‎(5)Para.5 E．Calgary is famous for the Calgary Stampede.‎ 答案：(1)～(5)　BDECA Carefulreading ‎(Ⅰ)Read the text quickly and complete the route of the trip.‎ 答案：(1)the Rocky Mountains　(2)Thunder Bay　(3)the Great Lakes ‎(Ⅱ)Choose the best answers according to the text.‎ ‎1．Why are the cousins not flying direct to the Atlantic coast?‎ A．Because they have not so much money.‎ B．Because they want to take the train to have a good view of Canada.‎ C．The aeroplane is so fast.‎ D．The distance from the west coast to the east isn't so long.‎ ‎2．What makes Vancouver so special?‎ A．It is surrounded by mountains on the north and east.‎ B．It is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean on the south.‎ C．Its population is decreasing very rapidly.‎ D．People can ski in the Rocky Mountains and sail in the harbour.‎ ‎3．What do cowboys do in the Calgary Stampede?‎ A．They have a gift for riding wild horses and win thousands of dollars in prizes.‎ B．They were dancing with wild animals.‎ C．They came here to show their beauty and win the heart of girls.‎ D．They hunt for mountain goats and grizzly bears.‎ ‎4．Which sentence about Canada is NOT true?‎ A．Vancouver is the warmest part of Canada.‎ B．Canada is bigger than America and is the second largest country in the world.‎ C．People can cross Canada in less than five days.‎ D．Most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometers of the U．S.A border.‎ 答案：1～4　BDAC Studyreading Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.‎ ‎1．Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　有人想在不到5天的时间里穿越加拿大，但是他们忘了加拿大从东海岸到西海岸共有5_500千米的事实。‎ ‎2．At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border, and that Canada's population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　她们在学校就已经学过，大多数加拿大人居住在靠近美国几百千米以内的边境地带，加拿大的人口也只有三千万多一点儿。但是现在看到这么空旷的国家，她们很惊讶。‎ ‎3．They went through a wheatgrowing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎[尝试翻译]　她们穿过一个种植小麦的省份，看到了面积有数千英亩的农场。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A I picked up my two best friends and we were off on a road trip. I had just returned to America from a year abroad in China. So, naturally I wanted to take a trip to Canada.‎ Montreal‎, the second largest city in Canada, is a fourhour drive from ‎ my home in New Hampshire. We felt a thrill as we crossed the border into Canada. It was the first time I had ever driven across an international border. We turned on the radio to try and find some Canadian stations.‎ After dropping off our bags at our hotel, we were immediately walking down the famous St Catherine's Street. While we walked, two things surprised us: how cold it was and how well everyone dressed. The streets of Montreal are like a fashion show. Both_men_and_women_look_like_they_stepped_out_of_the_pages_of_a_magazine.‎ All of that fashion has to keep them warm since Montreal is so cold. Last year it broke the record for the most snowfall in North America. To hide from the cold we went into a small diner because we wanted to order Poutine, a very popular snack in Montreal. It is French fries covered in cheese and brown gravy (肉汁). It is delicious.‎ However, we had a hard time ordering the dish since the official language of Montreal is French. It is actually the fifth largest Frenchspeaking city in the world. But since the rest of Canada speak English, plenty of people were there to help.‎ We spent the rest of the weekend going to many historical churches and monuments in Montreal. But at night we'd head to the very modern dance clubs and bars. Montreal is a city that sits between the past and the future and the traveller can choose whichever direction he wants to go.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在加拿大蒙特利尔的经历。那里寒冷的天气、人们入时的服装、美食、著名历史景点等都给作者留下了深刻的印象。‎ ‎1．How do you understand the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3?‎ A．The men and women are really the fashion models of a magazine.‎ B．The portraits of the men and women are printed in the magazine.‎ C．They are so well dressed that they look like models in a magazine.‎ D．The men and women like to copy characters in magazines.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据该段中的“how well everyone dressed”可知，在作者看来，蒙特利尔的人穿着时尚，像杂志里的模特。‎ ‎2．Which of the following can NOT be concluded from Paragraphs 3 4?‎ A．The author and his friends couldn't wait to explore the city.‎ B．The author wasn't used to the weather of Montreal.‎ C．The citizens from Montreal care much about what they wear.‎ D．Montreal often holds fashion shows.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句话中的“... we were immediately walking ...”可知作者和他的朋友迫不及待地想参观蒙特利尔。根据第四段中的“To hide from the cold ...”可以推知作者并不适应那里的寒冷。根据第三段最后两句可知蒙特利尔的人们非常注重着装。D项文中未提及，故选D。‎ ‎3．What can we infer from the passage?‎ A．The author often went to China for a visit.‎ B．The people they met in the diner were kind and helpful.‎ C．All the people in the diner were locals.‎ D．The author went to Montreal on business.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第五段中“But since the rest of Canada speak English, plenty of people were there to help.”可推知作者及朋友在餐馆碰到的人非常友好且乐于助人。‎ B City of Winnipeg details on Thanksgiving hours for facilities and services.‎ Swimming Pools All City of Winnipeg indoor swimming pools will be closed on Monday, October 12 with the exception of the Pan Am Pool and the Cindy Klassen Recreation Complex.‎ On Monday, October 12, the Great Pan Am Pool will be open from 10：‎00 a．m. to 2：00 p．m., and the Cindy Klassen Recreation Complex will be open from 2：00 p．m. to 6：00 p．m. Regular hours are in effect for all indoor pools on Saturday, October 10 and Sunday, October 11.‎ Winnipeg‎ Parking Authority To build the customer service area on the main floor of the Winnipeg Parking Authority office building at 495 Portage Avenue, the Winnipeg Parking Authority office will be closed on Friday, October 9, and will reopen on Tuesday, October 13 at noon.‎ Recycling/Garbage Collection Recycling, garbage, and yard waste will be collected as normally scheduled for those with Monday as a collection day.‎ Canadian Blood Services Canadian Blood Services is encouraging all donors to make blood donation part of their Thanksgiving celebrations.‎ CBS said the need for blood is greater around long weekends. Blood donor clinics will be held over the Thanksgiving long weekend in Winnipeg at the CBS clinic on 777 William Avenue：‎ On Saturday, October 10 from 8：‎00 a．m. to 2：00 p．m.‎ On Monday, October 12 from 10：‎00 a．m. to 2：00 p．m. and from 3：30 p．m. to 7：30 p．m.‎ 语篇解读：本文为应用文。文章介绍了加拿大城市温尼伯在感恩节期间相关市政服务部门是否开展服务的情况。‎ ‎4．What do we know about the schedule of Swimming Pools?‎ A．Regular hours are in effect on October 12.‎ B．The Cindy Klassen Recreation Complex is open on October 10.‎ C．All the indoor swimming pools are closed on October 12.‎ D．The Great Pan Am Pool operates normally on October 12.　‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。由第三段“Regular hours are in effect for all indoor pools on Saturday, October 10 and Sunday, October ‎11”‎可知，The Cindy Klassen Recreation Complex在‎10月10日是正常开放的。‎ ‎5．Which of the following places is closed for the longest time?‎ A．Swimming Pools.‎ B．Canadian Blood Services.‎ C．Winnipeg Parking Authority.‎ D．Recycling/Garbage Collection.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由Winnipeg Parking Authority的介绍 “...will be closed on Friday, October 9, and will reopen on Tuesday, October 13 at noon”可知，Winnipeg Parking Authority关闭的时间最长。‎ ‎6．To celebrate your Thanksgiving by donating blood, you can go to the CBS clinic ________.‎ A．at 7：‎00 a．m. on October 10‎ B．at 3：00 p．m. on October 10‎ C．at 11：‎30 a．m. on October 12‎ D．at 2：30 p．m. on October 12‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。由Canadian Blood Services部分“On Monday, October 12 from 10：‎00 a．m. to 2：00 p．m. and from 3：30 p．m. to 7：30 p．m.”可知，C项的时间可以献血。‎ C The first people in Canada crossed the Bering Strait from Asia. In the north the Inuit lived by hunting seals, walruses (海象) and whales. They also hunted caribou (北美驯鹿). On the west coast people hunted deer, bear and beaver (河狸). They also fished. On the plains people lived by hunting buffalo. In the east people grew crops of beans, squash (南瓜), maize (玉米) and sunflower seeds.‎ The first Europeans to reach Canada were the Vikings. In ‎986 a Viking called Bjarni Herjolfsson was blown off course by a storm and he spotted a new land. However he sailed away without landing. In ‎1001 a man named Leif Eriksson landed in the new land, which he named Vinland (it was part of Canada). However Eriksson did not stay permanently. Later the Vikings did establish a colony (殖民地) in North America but they abandoned it because of conflict with the natives.‎ However after the Vikings Canada was forgotten until the end of the 15th century. In 1497 ‎ the English king Henry Ⅶ sent an Italian named John Cabot on an expedition across the Atlantic to Newfoundland. Cabot discovered rich fishing waters off the coast of Canada.‎ Then in 1534 and in 1535－‎36 a Frenchman named Jacques Cartier (1491－1557) sailed on two expeditions to Canada. On 10 August 1535 (St Lawrence's Day) he sailed into the St Lawrence River, which he named after the saint.‎ However no permanent European settlements were made in Canada until the early 17th century. In ‎1603 a Frenchman named Samuel de Champlain (1567－1635) sailed up the St Lawrence River. In 1604 he founded Port Royal in Acadia (Nova Scotia). In 1608 Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec. (The name Quebec is believed to be an Algonquin word meaning a narrow part of a river). In 1642 the French founded Montreal. The new colony in Canada was called New France. By 1685 the population of New France was about 10,000. By 1740 it was 48,000.‎ ‎7．In which part of Canada did people grow crops?‎ A．In the north.　　　　　　 B．In the east.‎ C．On the west coast. D．On the plains.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“In the east people grew crops of beans, squash, maize and sunflower seeds.”可知答案。‎ ‎8．Who was the first European to reach Canada?‎ A．Leif Eriksson. B．Bjarni Herjolfsson.‎ C．John Cabot. D．Samuel de Champlain.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段前两句“The first Europeans to reach Canada ... called Bjarni Herjolfsson was blown off course by a storm and he spotted a new land.”可知Bjarni Herjolfsson是最早来到加拿大的欧洲人。‎ ‎9．What is the last paragraph mainly about?‎ A．Europeans set foot on Canada.‎ B．Europeans started expeditions.‎ C．Europeans fought against the natives.‎ D．Europeans began to make permanent settlements.‎ 解析：选D　段落大意题。文章最后一段第一句为该段的主题句。‎ ‎10．What is the best title for the passage?‎ A．The early history of ‎Canada B．The languages of ‎Canada C．Europeans started expeditions D．The war between Europeans and Canadians 解析：选A　标题归纳题。文章各段落主要讲述了加拿大人口的构成及城市的逐渐形成。综合来看，文章讲述了加拿大早期的历史。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 People have always wanted to know what the future will look like. __1__ The world has changed a lot in the last 150 years, but we humans are driven by the same basic needs as we were 150 years ago, such as food, sleep, and the feeling of being loved. __2__ No. Generally speaking, the inventions for the last 150 years have been a human effort for freedom and communication, to be able to get in control of the time and world. Since there is still much to do in this area, this will be the focus at least for the next 150 years.‎ But why do we need to predict the future? Predicting the future is important for two reasons: we need to think about what kind of future we'd like for ourselves and to pass on to the next generation. __3__‎ How about the virtual (虚拟的) worlds? It might be possible in the future to experience the sand between your toes, and hear the waves, just lying in your bed at home. __4__ So, even if a great invention is there for an affordable price, it'll never take the place of the common experience if it's not real.‎ ‎__5__ What we'll see in the next 50 years is the transition (过渡) from an oildependent society to a new society. There'll be new medicine, continued exploration of space, challenges in the climate change, and new inventions that make life a little easier.‎ A．So what will the future look like then?‎ B．Will this change in the next 150 years?‎ C．Predicting the future can help us in many ways.‎ D．To understand the future, you must know the past.‎ E．However, you'll never get the feeling of being there.‎ F．However, no matter how real the experience will feel, it doesn't happen for real.‎ G．We need to know what decisions made today will give better results tomorrow.‎ 答案：1～5　 DBGFA