【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习语法填空专题突破练1Word解析版 7页

‎2019届高考英语二轮复习语法填空专题突破练1解析版 ‎1‎ ‎(2018河南郑州质量预测)‎ I lost my last debate in the recent National High School Academic Debate & Speech Tournament held in Shanghai.But instead of focusing on my 1.　　　　　　　(fail),I stopped to reflect on my experiences in the past few years 2.　　　　 a debater. ‎ In general,preparing for new debate topics usually 3.　　　　(include) brainstorming arguments,researching a resolution(解决),and doing debate practice.So if you spot a debating group,you might see us sitting together after school,or even all day at weekends,discussing arguments and researching evidence.You might also notice us arguing 4.　　　　　　　(fierce) anywhere we can. ‎ Not only are they supportive,but my debate friends also have similar passions and interests to mine.As we discuss debate topics,my fellow debaters and I can talk about anything,from 5.　　　　　　 best way of rehabilitating(改造) criminals to the negative points of free immigration policies.However,our discussions are more than just a way 6.　　　　　　　　　　　　(practice) our debating skills.In my mind,they help us to become calm and consider ‎ ‎7.　　　　(win) and solving real problems as well. ‎ To me,the debating community is a great place 8.　　　　 people help each other not only because they’re interested in a higher cause,but because they care about how people from different 9.　　　　　　　　(background) can lead better lives.I’m grateful to each of my debate friends and every single minute we got to spend together.Indeed,my high school life would be incomplete without them.So even though I 10.　　　　　　　　　　　　(defeat) in my last debate,I’m still thankful for being part of my wonderful debate family. ‎ 答案与解析 ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者虽然在一次辩论赛中失败了,但停下来反思过去几年作为一名辩手的经历,作者依然觉得受益匪浅。‎ ‎1.failure　考查名词。根据空前的形容词性物主代词my可知,此处应用名词,故填fail的名词形式failure。‎ ‎2.as　考查介词。但“我”并没有把注意力集中到自己的失败上,而是停下来反思过去几年自己作为一名辩手的经历。根据句意可知此处用介词,as表示“作为”。‎ ‎3.includes　考查主谓一致。本句中主语为preparing for new debate topics,是动名词短语,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。‎ ‎4.fiercely　考查副词。你也有可能注意到在任何我们能辩论的地方我们都在激烈地论证。空格处修饰arguing,故应用副词。‎ ‎5.the　考查冠词。形容词的最高级前要用定冠词the。‎ ‎6.to practice　考查非谓语动词。然而,我们的讨论不仅仅是练习我们辩论技巧的一种方法。此处为动词不定式做定语。‎ ‎7.winning　考查非谓语动词。在“我”看来,它们有助于我们变得镇静,也帮助我们考虑赢得辩论比赛和解决真正的问题。动词consider“考虑”后跟动词-ing形式做宾语。‎ ‎8.where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,在从句中做状语,先行词为place,故用where。‎ ‎9.backgrounds　考查名词。因为他们关心的是来自不同背景的人如何能过上更好的生活。background作“出身,个人背景”讲时为可数名词,空前有different修饰,故此处应用其复数形式。‎ ‎10.was defeated　考查时态和语态。因此,尽管在上次的辩论中“我”被击败了,但“我”仍然感谢自己是非常棒的辩论家族的一员。根据句意可知此处用被动语态,且此处描述的是过去的事情,故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎2‎ ‎(2018陕西教学质量检测)‎ Harvard is older than the United States.In the early 1630s some settlers suggested that a university 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　(found) just to improve the quality of their descendants so that they could 2.　　　　　　(well) build the new home.Thus,it was established in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. ‎ Like many other 3.　　　　　　　　(university) at that time,the Harvard at the early stage often ran into financial crisis.The school board often had to go to Europe to raise 4.　　　　　　　(donate),but as you can predict,they often came back 5.　　　　　　 their hands empty. ‎ In 1638,John Harvard,pastor of Charlestown,passed away.He left his library and half his estate to the institution,6.　　　　　　 were the biggest donation ever since its establishment.Therefore,the university was named after his name.Today,you can find a statue of John Harvard 7.　　　　(stand) in front of the University Hall in Harvard Yard,and it is perhaps the University’s best 8.　　　　(know) landmark. ‎ Like other world famous universities,Harvard has many colleges too and Harvard Business School is one of them.There is 9.　　　　　　 saying in education that Harvard is the crown of American education 10.　　　　　　 Harvard Business School is the shining diamond on it. ‎ 答案与解析 ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。哈佛大学历史悠久,是当时的殖民者为了提高他们后代的文化素质而建立的。文章介绍了哈佛大学创建初期遇到的困难、名称的来历及其地位。‎ ‎1.be founded　考查被动语态和虚拟语气。主语a university和动词found之间是被动关系,故用被动语态;suggest表示“建议”时,后接从句,从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用(should+)动词原形。‎ ‎2.better　考查副词的比较级。17世纪30年代早期,一些殖民者建议建立一所大学以提高他们后代的素质,这样他们就能更好地建造新的家园。根据语境可知,空格处表示“更好地”,故应用副词比较级。‎ ‎3.universities　考查名词的复数形式。和当时的其他许多大学一样,早期的哈佛大学经常遭遇金融危机。university为可数名词,该处表示“其他许多大学”,故该处用复数形式。‎ ‎4.donation(s)　考查名词。学校董事会经常不得不去欧洲筹集捐款,但正如你所能预测的,他们经常空手而归。根据该句中的及物动词raise可知,空格处做该及物动词的宾语,故用名词形式。‎ ‎5.with　考查介词。with表示“具有,带有”,符合语境。‎ ‎6.which　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,句中his library and half his estate为先行词,故用which引导该定语从句。‎ ‎7.standing　考查现在分词。今天,你可以在哈佛广场的大学礼堂前找到一尊站立着的John Harvard的雕像,这也许是这所大学最著名的地标。a statue of John Harvard和动词stand之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词做宾语补足语。‎ ‎8.known　考查形容词。根据空处后的名词“landmark”可知,空格处修饰该名词,故用形容词known表示“知名的,著名的”。‎ ‎9.a　考查不定冠词。该处泛指“一句格言”,且saying的发音以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a。‎ ‎10.and　考查连词。在教育界有一句名言:哈佛是美国教育的王冠,哈佛商学院是它的闪亮之星。空前的“Harvard is the crown of American education”和空后的“Harvard Business School is the ‎ shining diamond on it”为并列关系,故用连词and。‎ ‎3‎ Have you ever noticed that you feel happier and more relaxed after you eat bread,pasta or fruit?Do you find that you are more energetic and awake after eating yogurt or beans?These things are not accidents.Food affects 1.　　　　we feel more than we think.Scientists researching 2.　　　　　(it) effect on our moods are beginning to understand that we can influence our feelings with what we eat. ‎ Although our moods relate 3.　　　　　having various food,it is not quite as simple as choosing the food for the right occasions.If that 4.　　　　　　(be) the case,athletes would not eat a lot of carbohydrates before a race. ‎ Another chemical 5.　　　　　　　　(connect) with our moods is caffeine,which 6.　　　　　　　　(find) in coffee,chocolate and many types of tea,and it is perhaps 7.　　　　worst thing you can have when you are feeling stressed. ‎ Of course,8.　　　　　　　　(enjoy) a nice meal with friends,whatever we eat,can also impact our spirits.Being with friends and family plays a big part in experiencing happiness. ‎ Most 9.　　　　　　　　　　(important),though,remember the following old rule:try to eat different food,10.　　　　　　　　not too much. ‎ 答案与解析 ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。我们所吃的食物会对我们的情绪有影响。因此,我们要尝试吃不同的食物,但是不要吃太多。‎ ‎1.how　考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,由“we feel more than we think”可知,从句不缺成分;结合语境可以判断,应用疑问副词how引导该从句。‎ ‎2.its　考查代词。由名词effect可知,应用形容词性物主代词its。‎ ‎3.to　考查动词短语。relate to为固定搭配,意为“和……有关系”。‎ ‎4.were　考查虚拟语气。根据该句中的“athletes would not eat a lot of carbohydrates before a race”可知,该句为虚拟语气,表示对目前情况的虚拟,故从句谓语动词用过去式were。‎ ‎5.connected　考查非谓语动词。chemical和connect为动宾关系,故用过去分词短语做后置定语。‎ ‎6.is found　考查动词时态和语态。此处which引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为caffeine,和find之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态;此处是对客观情况的描述,应用一般现在时。‎ ‎7.the　考查定冠词。根据空后的形容词最高级worst可知,空处应用the。‎ ‎8.enjoying　考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知,此处为动词-ing形式短语在句中做主语。‎ ‎9.importantly　考查副词。空处修饰全句,故用副词形式。‎ ‎10.but/yet　考查连词。根据语境可知,尝试吃不同的食物,但是不要吃太多。‎ ‎4‎ Over 2,200 years ago,Chengdu was threatened by frequent floods.Li Bing,together with his son,decided to construct an irrigation system on the Minjiang River 1.　　　　(prevent) flooding.2.　　　　　　having a long study and a lot of hard work by the local people,the great Dujiangyan Irrigation System was completed.Since then,the Chengdu Plain 3.　　　　　　　　(be) free of flooding and the people have been living peacefully and wealthily. ‎ It is the 4.　　　　　　　(old) and only surviving no-dam irrigation system in the world.It is also 5.　　　　wonder in the development of Chinese science.The project consists of three ‎ important parts,namely Yuzui,Feishayan and Baopingkou,which were 6.　　　　(science) designed to control the water flow of the rivers throughout the year. ‎ There is a glorious bridge called the Anlan Cable Bridge crossing the Minjiang River above Yuzui,7.　　　　　　　you can clearly see the entire system.The great 8.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(construct) originally started before the Song Dynasty.At that time,the body of the bridge was constructed with wooden blocks and the handrails(扶手) were made of bamboo.Recently the wood and bamboo have been replaced with steel and concrete to guarantee the security of 9.　　　　　　　(visit) from home and abroad.Seen from afar,the bridge looks like a rainbow 10.　　　　　　　　(hang) over the river. ‎ 答案与解析 ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了成都都江堰水利工程的建造过程、世界地位、历史价值以及该工程的现状。‎ ‎1.to prevent　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知,李冰和他的儿子在岷江设计灌溉系统的目的是阻止洪水在成都泛滥,故此处应用动词不定式表示目的。‎ ‎2.After　考查介词。句意:在经过长期调研和地方群众的艰苦工作之后,都江堰水利工程完工。after意为“在……之后”,符合语境。‎ ‎3.has been　考查时态。句意:从那时起,成都平原不再受洪水侵扰,人们过着和平、富裕的生活。根据该句中的“Since then”及“have been”可知,该句应用现在完成时。‎ ‎4.oldest　考查形容词最高级。根据该句中的the和“in the world”可知,都江堰水利工程是世界上现存最古老的无坝水利工程,故用最高级。‎ ‎5.a　考查不定冠词。句意:它也是中国科学发展历史上的一个奇迹。这里泛指“一个奇迹”,故用不定冠词。‎ ‎6.scientifically　考查副词。空处修饰动词,故用副词形式。‎ ‎7.where　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,关系词在从句中做地点状语,故用where引导该定语从句。‎ ‎8.construction　考查名词。根据空前的形容词“great”可以判断,空处被形容词修饰,故用名词形式。‎ ‎9.visitors　考查名词的数。这里指“保证国内外游客的安全”,故用名词的复数形式。‎ ‎10.hanging　考查非谓语动词。句意:从远处看,这座桥就像是悬挂在江上方的一道彩虹。空处与rainbow存在逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词的-ing形式。‎ ‎5‎ The Yangtze River,1.　　　　　　　(know) in China as the Changjiang River,is the longest river in Asia and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country.Flowing from the Tibetan Plateau to the East China Sea,the Yangtze is a natural division 2.　　　　　　　　north and south.Driven by the 3.　　　　(curious) in my heart,I came to China and took part in a cruise(乘船度假)along part of the river last year. ‎ Life on board was relaxed with plenty to occupy the time and mind.We passed Wuhan 4.　　　　　　　in 1996 Chairman Mao,then in his 70s,famously swam across the Yangtze River.Glorious temples rise over industrial ports while,high above the rocks,ancient coffins are hung in caves,without being disturbed for 5.　　　　(century).We also visited the Three Gorges Dam,6.　　　　　symbol of Chinese pride and power.As well as enormous hydroelectric output,7.　　　　　(it) increasing shipping ability benefits Chinese people quite a lot. ‎ As a foreigner,I 8.　　　　　　　　　　(absorb) and charmed by the genuine warmth of ‎ welcome and unique culture during the trip.9.　　　　　　　(rare),if ever,have I enjoyed such a culturally rich and historically interesting trip.Now I am looking forward to 10.　　　　　　　(visit) again to China! ‎ 答案与解析 ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文,介绍了作者游长江的经历。‎ ‎1.known　考查非谓语动词。known in China as the Changjiang River在句中做定语,修饰The Yangtze River。‎ ‎2.between　考查介词。根据空后的and再结合语境可知应用between。‎ ‎3.curiosity　考查名词。curious为形容词,由前面的冠词the可知,此处应用名词;driven by the curiosity意为“受好奇心驱使”。‎ ‎4.where　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句,先行词为Wuhan,关系词在从句中做地点状语,故用关系副词where引导定语从句。‎ ‎5.centuries　考查名词的数。for表示动作或情况持续的时间长度;for centuries意为“一连好几个世纪”。‎ ‎6.a　考查冠词。symbol为可数名词;a symbol of Chinese pride and power在句中做the Three Gorges Dam的同位语。‎ ‎7.its　考查代词。it指三峡大坝,此处是说明三峡大坝的运输能力,故用形容词性物主代词its。‎ ‎8.was absorbed　考查动词时态和语态。此处描述当时旅行的情景,故应用一般过去时;由语境可知,作者被吸引住了,故应用被动语态。‎ ‎9.Rarely　考查副词。修饰动词需要用副词。‎ ‎10.visiting　考查非谓语动词。look forward to中的to为介词,后接动词-ing形式。‎ ‎6‎ Chinese brush calligraphy or “shufa” in Chinese is one of 1.　　　　　most important art forms in China.Many Asian cultures have originated their own calligraphy styles,but China’s is unequaled because of 2.　　　　　(it) beauty,grace(优雅)and history. ‎ The 3.　　　　　　　(origin) of Chinese brush calligraphy are unknown,but local tales say it goes back over 4,000 years to the time of the legendary(传说的)Yellow Emperor (2698 BC—2598 BC).At that time characters were carved on animal bones or tortoise shells.Only after Emperor Qinshihuang united China under his rule 4.　　　　one country did it really gain popularity as a common art form. ‎ He simplified Chinese characters and regular rules were set,5.　　　　(make) it easier for people to learn and master.This Chinese art form continued to progress and during the Tang Dynasty (618 AD—907 AD) a new type of cursive script(草书)was formed and standardized.It is written 6.　　　　　　　(free),but it’s not as easy to read. ‎ Today Chinese calligraphy is once again a subject in schools and an art form highly 7.　　　　　　　　　　(appreciate) across the world.Anyone can practice it and 8.　　　　is required is a simple set including:a brush,ink and paper.It’s fun for amateurs to try,but to become good at it,not only years of practice but also natural talent 9.　　　　　　　　(need).Practising this art consistently can develop personal character and is of great 10.　　　　(benefit) to health. ‎ 答案与解析 ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了中国书法的起源及特点。‎ ‎1.the　考查冠词。根据形容词最高级most important可知,空处需加定冠词the,此处意为“最重要的艺术形式之一”。‎ ‎2.its　考查代词。修饰名词应该用形容词性物主代词,所以填its。‎ ‎3.origins　考查名词的数。根据该句的谓语动词are可知,中国书法的起源不止一种,所以用名词复数origins。‎ ‎4.as/into　考查介词。unite...as/into...在此处意为“把……统一成……”,所以填as/into。‎ ‎5.making　考查非谓语动词。动词make与其逻辑主语是主谓关系且与上文之间无连词,故用making在此处做状语。‎ ‎6.freely　考查副词。修饰动词应用副词。‎ ‎7.appreciated　考查非谓语动词。动词appreciate与其逻辑主语art form是动宾关系,故用过去分词appreciated在此处做定语。‎ ‎8.what　考查主语从句。根据句意“需要的东西就是一套简单的(书写)工具”可知,此处应用what引导主语从句。‎ ‎9.is needed　考查主谓一致和被动语态。“not only...but also...”做主语,谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则,故此处谓语动词应用单数。natural talent与动词need之间是动宾关系,故用is needed。‎ ‎10.benefit　考查名词。此处指“坚持练习这门艺术能培养个人的性格而且对健康大有好处”,形容词great后应用名词benefit。‎ ‎7‎ Whenever Prince George steps out for an engagement,like on the royal tour of Canada,or poses for 1.　　　　(office) photographs,he only ever wears shorts,2.　　　　　　　has long confused royal watchers. ‎ According to William Hanson,3.　　　　　expert in ceremony,there’s a very good reason for this — and it has nothing to do 4.　　　　fashion,but rather a royal tradition that 5.　　　　　　(date) back to the sixteenth century.A newborn baby would 6.　　　　(dress) in a gown for his first year or two.Then he was “breeched(穿裤礼)”and wore articles of clothing like shorts.The usual custom is that a boy graduates to trousers around eight years old. ‎ With times 7.　　　　　　　　(change),middle-class boys began to wear trousers but they are considered suburban(呆板的)by the upper.Hanson explains,“8.　　　　is a very English thing to dress a young boy in shorts.”The British upper are always keen to hold on to the tradition,and this also 9.　　　　　　　(silent) marks them out from “the rest”.However,as for William and Kate,the 10.　　　　　　　　(decide) to dress George in shorts is more likely down to the tradition than a class issue. ‎ 答案与解析 ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,George王子出访时总喜欢穿短裤,这其实与英国皇室传统有关。本文介绍了这一传统的渊源和人们的评价。‎ ‎1.official　考查形容词。空处修饰名词photographs,故用形容词形式。‎ ‎2.which　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,该句为非限制性定语从句;空处为关系词,指代前面的整句话,故用which引导。‎ ‎3.an　考查冠词。此处泛指“一个专家”,expert的读音以元音音素开头,故用an。‎ ‎4.with　考查固定搭配。have nothing to do with为固定搭配,意为“和……无关”。‎ ‎5.dates　考查时态和主谓一致。that代指a royal tradition,在从句中做主语;该句陈述的是一般事实,故用一般现在时。‎ ‎6.be dressed　考查语态。名词baby和dress之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态。‎ ‎7.changing　考查非谓语动词。此处为with的独立主格结构,times和动词change 之间为主谓关系,故用动词的-ing形式做宾语补足语。‎ ‎8.It　考查代词。分析该句结构可知,空处做形式主语,真正的主语由后面的动词不定式短语充当。‎ ‎9.silently　考查副词。空处修饰动词marks,故用副词形式。‎ ‎10.decision　考查名词。根据定冠词the可知,空处用名词形式。‎ ‎8‎ There is a tradition at my school that when the College Entrance Examination is less than a month away,students in the 1.　　　　(low) grades,from Senior 1 to Senior 2,all gather together on the ground in front of the teaching building and cheer on the Senior 3 students who are standing upstairs.It wasn’t until I 2.　　　　　　　　(person) took part in the activity that I understood the real 3.　　　　(mean) of it. ‎ I was in Senior 2 at the time.4.　　　　　that special night,all the Senior 3 students stood in the corridors(走廊)and looked down at the younger students below.5.　　　　(vary) cheers started to resound throughout the school,wave after wave.“Believe in yourself!You deserve to win!” ‎ ‎6.　　　　　　　(see) everyone’s smiling face around me,I thought of 7.　　　　　famous quote from the American philosopher Henry David Thoreau:What you get by achieving your goals is not as important as what you become by achieving your goals. ‎ Soon it will be my turn 8.　　　　　　　　　　　　(bless) in this way,9.　　　　　　　also means I will have to say goodbye to my school.Sad as it will be,being cheered on by so many students will still be one of the brightest 10.　　　　　　(time) of my life. ‎ 答案与解析 ‎【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文,在高考前,高一、高二学生为高三学生加油打气是我校的传统。文章记录了这一过程和“我”的感想。‎ ‎1.lower　考查形容词的比较级。根据该句中的“from Senior 1 to Senior 2”可知,这里表示低年级的学生,故用low的比较级lower。‎ ‎2.personally　考查副词。句意:直到我亲自参加了这一活动,我才理解了此项活动的真正意义。空处修饰动词短语,故用副词形式。‎ ‎3.meaning　考查名词。空处前的real为形容词,修饰名词,故空处用meaning,表示“意义”。‎ ‎4.On　考查介词。在某一个特定的晚上用介词on。‎ ‎5.Various　考查形容词。根据空处后的名词“cheers”可知,空处修饰该名词,故用形容词形式。‎ ‎6.Seeing　考查非谓语动词。该句主语I和动词see之间为主谓关系,这里表示动作正在发生,故用动词-ing形式做伴随状语。‎ ‎7.a　考查冠词。这里指“我想起美国哲学家Henry David Thoreau的一句名言”。此处表泛指,故用不定冠词。‎ ‎8.to be blessed　考查动词不定式的被动语态。句意:很快就该轮到我以这种方式受到祝福了。根据语境并结合it’s one’s turn to do sth.的固定用法可知,这里应用动词不定式的被动语态。‎ ‎9.which　考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前句,故用which。‎ ‎10.times　考查名词的复数。time在此意为“(以某种方式经历的)事件,时刻”,为可数名词。one of后接可数名词的复数形式,故用times。‎