2019届一轮复习人教版选修8Unit3Inventorsandinventions单元学案（17页word版） 17页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修8Unit3Inventors and inventions单元学案 一、重点单词需牢记 ‎1. distinguish vi. & vt. 显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别 ‎ distinguish A from B 辨别A与B be distinguished from不同于……‎ be distinguished by 以……为特征 be distinguished for 因……而著称 distinguish oneself 显扬自己；使自己扬名 ‎ The man distinguishes himself by his wisdom.‎ 这个人因智慧而扬名。 ‎ distinguished adj. 著名的；卓越的；受人尊敬的；显得重要的 ‎2. product n. 产品，产物；产量；出产结果，成果 The plan was the product of many days of careful thought.‎ 这个计划是许多天仔细考虑的成果。 ‎ However, not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.‎ 然而，并非所有的广告都是为了推销商品和为赢利服务。 ‎ ‎ produce，production 和product produce作名词时多指农产品 product多指工业产品 production一般指生产过程 ‎ ‎3. seize vt. 抓住；捉住；夺；占据；(指强烈的感情﹑ 愿望等)突然影响或控制(某人) ‎ The little boy stretched out his hands to seize the toy. ‎ 小男孩伸出双手去抓玩具。 ‎ seize hold of sth. 抓住某物 seize a chance/an opportunity 抓住时机 seize on/upon sth. 意识到某事物而加以利用 seize sb. by the arm抓住某人的手臂 seize 指突然抓住某物，强调突然的猛烈动作，语气比catch强。‎ ‎4. bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；负担 n. 熊 can't bear doing 忍受不了做某事 ‎ The plan won't bear close inspection.‎ 这项计划经不起仔细研究。‎ I don't feel very well. I can't bear this weather.‎ 我感到不太舒服。我受不了这种天气。 ‎ ‎ tolerate，stand，bear 和endure tolerate可与stand换用，tolerate更正式。tolerate可指容忍不同观点。‎ stand后除可以跟“困难”外更多地接人作宾语。‎ bear则指承受重负、重量等。 ‎ endure可指忍受痛苦、苦难、困难等。‎ ‎5. hesitate vi. 犹豫；踌躇 ‎ hesitate to do sth. 做某事犹豫不决 hesitate about/over (doing)sth. 对某事犹豫不决 I still hesitate about joining them in the exploring in the forest.‎ 我仍在犹豫是否参加他们的森林探险。‎ We will not hesitate to give our lives to our motherland. ‎ 我们可以毫不犹豫地为祖国献出自己的生命。‎ hesitation n. 不愿踌躇；犹豫不决 ‎ without hesitation 毫不犹豫 have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫干某事 ‎ ‎ 6. remark n. 谈论；言论；评述 vt. & vi. 谈论；评论；说起 remark on/upon... 谈论，议论，评论……‎ pass/make a remark 批评；发表议论 Everyone remarked loudly on his absence.‎ 每个人都在高声谈论他的缺席。‎ Did you remark the difference between the twin sisters? ‎ 你觉察出这两个孪生姊妹的不同之处了吗？‎ ‎7. acquaintance n. 相识；了解；熟人 ‎ make one's acquaintance ‎ ‎＝ make the acquaintance with sb. 结识某人 have a passing/nodding acquaintance with sb.对……知之甚少 ‎ She was a casual acquaintance in America. ‎ 她是我在美国的一个熟人。 ‎ I have some acquaintance with the Russian. ‎ 我懂一点儿俄语。 ‎ acquaint sb. with... 使某人认识/了解……‎ You must acquaint yourself with your new duties. ‎ 你必须熟悉你的新任务。‎ ‎8. rob vt. 抢劫；盗窃；剥夺 ‎ rob sb. of sth. 抢了某人某物 ‎ They knocked him down and robbed him of his watch and pen.‎ 他们把他打倒在地，抢走了他的表和钢笔。 ‎ robber n. 强盗　　robbery n. 抢劫 rob 和steal rob意为“抢”，指用暴力夺取别人的东西，其宾语总是人(被劫者)或某一机构(地方)，而不是被劫走的物。 ‎ steal意为“偷”，指暗中窃取别人的东西，其宾语是物，而不是被盗者本人。常用结构是steal sth. from sb.。‎ ‎9. compromise n. & vi. 妥协；折中 ‎ compromise with sb. on sth. 和某人就某事达成妥协 reach/arrive at/work out a compromise 达成妥协 make a compromise with 与……妥协 We had to compromise with him on this point.‎ 我们只好就这一点向他妥协。 ‎ ‎10. fade vi. & vt. (使)褪色；减弱；逐渐消失 ‎ Hopes of a peaceful settlement are now fading.‎ 和平解决的希望正在消失。 ‎ fade in (电影画面或广播声音) 渐现，淡入，渐强 fade away消失，消退，逐渐衰弱 fade out使淡出，使渐隐，使渐弱 ‎ The sound of the footsteps faded away.脚步声渐渐消失了。‎ ‎11. assume vt. 假定；设想 ‎ assume that... 假设…… ‎ assume an air/expression of... 装出……的样子/表情 assuming that... 假定……(作连词用，相当于if)‎ Assuming that it rains，what should we do?‎ 假定下雨了，我们该怎么办？ ‎ assumption n．假定；设想；承担；担任 make an assumption 假设；认为 on the assumption that...在假定…… 的情况下 We are working on the assumption that the rate of inflation will not increase next year.‎ 我们在假定明年通货膨胀率不增加的情况下工作。‎ ‎12. significance n. 意义；意思；重要性； 重要意义 ‎ He did not understand the significance of my wink.‎ 他没有领会我眨眼的意思。 ‎ a matter of little significance无关紧要的事情 ‎ be of much significance 重要的 ‎(2) 完成句子 这是重要新闻。‎ It is an event __of__significance__. be of no/little significance 无关紧要的 ‎ significant adj. 重要的 ‎13. arrest vt.逮捕；吸引 n. 逮捕；拘留 ‎ be arrested for sth. 因某事而被捕 ‎ under arrest被捕；被拘留 arrest one's attention吸引某人的注意 ‎ What she did arrested my attention.她的所作所为吸引了我的注意力。‎ He was under house arrest until the day of his trial. ‎ 直到受审之日为止，他一直被软禁着。 ‎ He learned that another underground Party member had been arrested. ‎ 他听说另一个地下党员被捕了。‎ 二、重点短语需精通 ‎1. set about (不用于被动语态) 开始(某工作)；着手做某事 ‎ I must set about my packing. ‎ ‎＝ I must set out to pack. ‎ 我得开始收拾行李了。 ‎ set about意为“开始，着手”，与set out同义。‎ set out意为“出发，开始”，侧重于开始做某事，还有规划，展现的意思，后加不定式。‎ set off意为“出发”，侧重于去某个地方。 ‎ ‎2. hang on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住 The line is busy, would you like to hang on? ‎ 电话正在通话中，请别挂断好吗？ ‎ Hang on a minute—I'll be with you in a moment!‎ 再等一小会，我会和你一起出去。 ‎ hang round/around聚集在……附近；闲荡 hang about 闲待着，终日无所事事；闲荡 hang up 挂断电话；延迟；推迟或搁置 ‎3. in terms of... 就……来说；从……角度 It is difficult to express it in terms of science.‎ 要用科学的字眼来表达它是很困难的。 ‎ In terms of money, he's quite rich, but not in terms of happiness. ‎ 就钱来说他很富有，但就幸福来说就不然了。 ‎ in general/practical/financial terms从总体/实际/经济角度来说 in real terms (＝in fact；as a matter of fact)事实上 in relative terms 相对而言 in the long term 从长远看来 in the short term 在目前看来 come to terms with sth. 没法忍受某事 come to terms with sb.‎ ‎＝make terms with sb. 与……和好；与……达成协议 ‎4.regardless of 不管；不顾 I'll take the job regardless of the pay. ‎ 不管报酬多少我都要这份工作。‎ He says what he thinks, regardless of other people's feelings.‎ 他怎么想就怎么说，不考虑别人的情绪。 ‎ regardless of，disregarding，in spite of 三者意义和用法相同，区别不大。‎ ‎5. get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法) 做完；通过考试；用光；用完；使成功；使理解；明白 ‎ We were all delighted when we heard you had got through the exam. ‎ 听到你通过考试时，我们都很高兴。 ‎ get across 通过；使……理解 get over 越过，克服(困难)；从(疾病)……恢复过来 get through with 结束；完成；花光(钱财等) ‎ ‎6. cut up 切碎；使伤心，严厉批评 Peter, why don't you cut up vegetables? ‎ 彼得，为何不把蔬菜切碎了呢？ ‎ The news of his comrade's death cut him up greatly.‎ 他的同志死去的消息，使他极为悲痛。 ‎ cut off 切断；剪掉 cut down 砍伐；削减 cut in 打断 cut out 剪去，删去；略去 cut up ＝ cut into pieces 切成碎片 ‎7. date back 追溯到……‎ This castle dates back to Roman times. ‎ 这个城堡可追溯到罗马时代。‎ Our partnership dates back to (＝We have been partners since) 1960.‎ 我们从1960年就合伙了。‎ date back to/from用于一般现在时中，没有被动语态。同义短语还有go back (to)和 date from。 ‎ 三、重点句式能熟用 ‎1. The day is coming when telegraph wires will be laid on to houses just like water and gas.这样的一天即将到来，到那时，电报线将会铺到各家各户，就像水和煤气铺到各家各户一样。 ‎ 本句中包含了一个定语从句，但是先行词the day和定语从句when telegraph wires will be laid on to houses just like water and gas并没有紧跟在一起，所以这是一个典型的分隔式定语从句。‎ The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that far－away village。‎ 这部电影把我带回到在那个遥远的村庄里得到很好照顾的那些时光。‎ The days are gone when we suffered so much. ‎ 我们受苦受难的日子将一去不复返了。‎ ‎2. What if I was? 如果我是又怎样呢？ ‎ 在这个句子中的What if...？意为“如果……会怎样/怎么样？”，通常用来表示令人不快的情况或提出有益的建议。‎ What if something goes wrong？要是出了问题将会怎么样？‎ It sounds like a good offer, but what if it is a trick?‎ 那个提议听起来很诱人，但如果是个骗局会怎么样？‎ ‎3. If only it could be just like last year! 要是能像去年那样就好了！‎ 本句中的If only意为“但愿……；要是……就好了”。其后一般用虚拟语气。如果是对现在的虚拟，则用一般过去时；如果是对过去的虚拟，则用过去完成时。‎ If only I had more money! 要是我有更多的钱就好了！‎ If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响就好了。 ‎ ‎【例1】(1) 使用恰当的介词填空 ‎①Can you distinguish __between__ those two objects?‎ ‎②Speech distinguishes human beings __from__ the animals.‎ ‎③The Chinese nation is distinguished __for__ its diligence and courage. ‎ ‎(2) 完成句子 Children should be taught to __distinguish__right__from__wrong__ (分辨好坏)．‎ ‎【例2】 用produce，production 或product的适当形式填空 ‎ ‎①The place is known for its dairy produce．‎ ‎②Thousands of men were employed in the production of cars.‎ ‎③They came here in search of new markets for their products. ‎ ‎【例3】用seize的适当形式填空 ‎①His father asked him to __seize__the__chance__ to make some money (抓住时机赚一些钱). ‎ ‎②We __were__seized__(身不由己) by a sudden impulse to run.‎ ‎③The critics __seized__on__ (抓住) my mistake and said I was ignorant. ‎ ‎【例4】(1) 用tolerate, stand , bear 和endure的适当形式填空 ‎ ‎①What can't be cured must be __endured__．‎ ‎②He __stood__ the test of war.‎ ‎③In the end, I could not __bear__ it.‎ ‎④Considering his home situation, he had to __tolerate__ his wife.‎ ‎(2) 用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎ She just can't bear __having__ (have) cats in the house. ‎ ‎【例5】用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎ ‎①He was still __hesitating__ (hesitate) over whether to join the expedition. ‎ ‎②He did not hesitate __to__ask__ (ask) her to sit beside him.‎ ‎＝ He did not hesitate about __asking__ (ask) her to sit beside him. ‎ ‎③Without any__hesitation__ (hesitate), he jumped into the river to save the drowning child.‎ ‎④There's no room for __hesitation__ (hesitate). ‎ ‎【例6】完成句子 ‎①他们对她的相貌妄加评论，这让她很气恼。‎ They made rude __remarks__ about her appearance, which made her upset. ‎ ‎②那批评的话是对我说的吗？‎ Does that __remark__ refer to me? ‎ ‎【例7】根据句意完成句子 ‎ ‎①The musician had little acquaintance __with__ modern science.‎ ‎②I am delighted to __make__ your acquaintance.‎ ‎③She has many __acquaintances__ in the business community.‎ ‎④I have some acquaintance __with__ Spanish. ‎ ‎⑤ I need to __acquaint__ myself with the new regulations. ‎ ‎【例8】(1) 用rob的适当形式填空 ‎ The __robbers__robbed__ the jewellery store in broad daylight. The TV news reported the robbery__ as soon as possible. ‎ ‎(2) 完成句子 ‎①He __stole__much__money__from__the__shop__ (偷了那家商店的很多钱) but was caught soon after. ‎ ‎②A man __robbed__her__of__her__purse____ (抢了她的钱包), and pushed her down fiercely. ‎ ‎【例9】完成句子 ‎①两国之间的政治和解已经取得进展。‎ Progress has been made towards a political __compromise__ between the two nations.‎ ‎②两国间的纷争通过互相让步而解决了。‎ The dispute between the two countries was solved __by__compromise__. ‎ ‎【例10】用适当的短语填空 ‎①当男主角策马向夕阳驰去时，尾声音乐逐渐消失。‎ The closing music __fades__out__ when the hero rides off into the sunset. ‎ ‎②照片中的人物逐渐褪色。 ‎ The figures in the picture had begun to __fade__away__. ‎ ‎【例11】(1) 用assume的适当形式填空 ‎①我是在假定能拿到钱的情况下工作。‎ I'm working on the __assumption__ that the money will come through.‎ ‎②许多人认为贫困仅存在于第三世界。 ‎ A lot of people make the __assumption__ that poverty only exists in the Third World.‎ ‎(2) 句型转换 ‎ I assumed that he was well qualified for the position.‎ ‎＝ I __made__an__assumption__ that he was well qualified for the position. ‎ ‎【例12】(1) 用significance的适当形式填空 我认为他从不知道他自己的父亲是谁这点很重要。‎ I think it was __significant__ that he never knew his own father. ‎ ‎【例13】(1) 使用恰当的介词填空 ‎ ‎①I got arrested __for__ careless driving.‎ ‎②Her uncle was __under__ arrest, but nobody knew the reason.‎ ‎(2) 用arrest 的适当形式填空 ‎①Five youths __were__arrested__ in connection with the attack.‎ ‎②The public applauded the __arrest__ of the criminal suspect.‎ ‎【例1】用set off，set out，set about的适当形式填空 ‎ ‎①They succeeded in what they had __set__out__ to do.‎ ‎②Having made up his mind, he __set__about__ carrying out the plan.‎ ‎③If you want to catch that train we'd better __set__off__ for the station immediately.　‎ ‎【例2】用hang或其相关短语的适当形式填空 ‎①She __hung__up__ the phone angrily before I could speak. ‎ ‎②He __was__hanged__ for murder.‎ ‎③The curtain __hangs__ well.‎ ‎④__Hang__on__ a minute; I'm just coming.‎ ‎【例3】完成句子 ‎①这个实验就儿童所掌握的学习内容方面发现什么差异吗？‎ Did the experiment find any differences __in__terms__of__ what children learned?‎ ‎②单纯从经济的角度描绘一个社会是错误的。‎ It would be wrong to describe a society purely __in__ economic __terms__．‎ ‎③从长远看，运动/锻炼对你的健康有益。‎ ‎__In__the__long__term__,__doing exercise is good to your health. ‎ ‎【例4】完成句子 ‎①俱乐部对所有新成员不分年龄一律欢迎。 ‎ The club welcomes all new members __regardless__of__ age. ‎ ‎②不管天气怎样，我都会去。‎ I will go __regardless__of__ the weather.‎ ‎【例5】完成句子 ‎①I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldn't __get__through__ (to you). ‎ ‎②He's not very good at __getting__ his ideas __across__．‎ ‎③He was disappointed at not getting the job, but he'll __get__over__ it. ‎ ‎【例6】用cut相关短语的适当形式填空 ‎①Her little finger was __cut__off__ in an accident at the factory.‎ ‎②She__cut__out__ the advertisement of the newspaper.‎ ‎③I'm sorry to__cut__in__ on your conversation.‎ ‎④I haven't given up drinking but I'm __cutting__down__.‎ ‎【例7】完成句子 ‎——你知道中国海军是什么时候建立的吗？‎ ‎——是1949年四月。‎ ‎—When was the People's Liberation Army's Navy founded?‎ ‎—It __dates__back__to__ the April of 1949. ‎ ‎【例1】完成下列定语从句 ‎ ‎①There is a man downstairs __who__ wants to see you.‎ ‎②I was the only person in my office __who__ was invited.‎ ‎3. 了解早期人类的生活方式和人类文明的发展进程，增长考古学知识。‎ ‎③How I regret the hours wasted in the woods and fields, __when__ I should have studied.‎ ‎④Can you mention anyone that we know __who__ is so talented as he？‎ ‎【例2】选择合适的答案 ‎__What__if__ (What if/What about) we go and see a film tomorrow night?‎ What if...? 后面跟的是句子。‎ What about和How about sth./doing sth.用法相同，用于提建议，后接名词或动名词。‎ ‎【例3】用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎ Look at the trouble I am in! If only I __had__followed__ (follow) your advice. ‎ 一、单句语法填空 ‎1. The __merciful__ (mercy) king saved the young officers from death.‎ ‎2. Is it __convenient__ (convenience) for you to come next Sunday?‎ ‎3. He was __cautious__ (caution) about committing himself to anything.‎ ‎4. That we were awarded a gold metal for our product was indeed out of/beyond our __expectation__ (expect). ‎ ‎5. It's very cold today; the temperature has dropped to __freezing__ (freeze) point. ‎ ‎6. The __adaptation__ (adapt) of animals to the environment is rather slow. ‎ ‎7. Sometimes what we say is often __mistaken__ (mistake) by others.‎ ‎8. In the post－office, mail __is__classified__ (classify) according to the places where it is to go. ‎ ‎9. This event was organized in __association__ (associate) with the Sports Council. ‎ ‎10．The judge __condemned__ (condemn) the thief to one year of hard labor.‎ 二、用短语的适当形式填空 call up, cast down, now and again, once more, dive into, out of order, a handful of, pass off...as, in amazement, to be exact ‎ ‎1. I __was__called__up__ three months after war broke out. ‎ ‎2. Every __now__and__again__ she went upstairs to see if he was still asleep. 　‎ ‎3. Before we __dive__into__ it, let's make a quick word. ‎ ‎4. He came to the conclusion that the machine was __out__of__order__. ‎ ‎5. He tried to __pass__off__ the wine __as__ French, when in fact it came from outside the common market. ‎ ‎6. Only __a__handful__of__ people were dead set on following him. ‎ ‎7. “Four and five deep？” asked Mrs. Smith, eyes widened ‎ __in__amazement__. ‎ ‎8. Arrive late __once__more__ and you're fired. ‎ ‎9．He will set off the day after tomorrow, to__be__exact__，on May 26，Tuesday.‎ ‎10．The circumstances were all against Joe, but he was not __cast__down__．‎ be merciful to 对……是仁慈的 It is convenient (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)做某事方便 be convenient to sb. 对某人方便 at one's convenience在某人方便的时候 for convenience为了方便起见 ‎ be cautious about sb./sth.(doing sth.)对……是谨慎的 ‎ give sb. a caution告诫某人　　　with caution小心翼翼 caution sb. not to do sth.＝caution sb. against doing sth.告诫某人不干某事 in expectation of 预料，期望，指望 out of/against all expectation (s) 出乎意料 beyond expectation 出乎意料 come up to one's expectations 不负所望 be classified into 被分成……‎ be classified as 被分为…… ‎ dive into迅速把手伸入；一心投入 ‎ in order 整齐，状况良好，适宜，按顺序 in order that后接目的状语从句 in order to后接动词原形表示目的 a handful of一把；一小撮，少数，少量 a mouthful of一口；少量 an armful of 一揽；一抱 单元综合知识运用 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Many years ago, when we were a young couple with two small children, aged 2 and 4, we were practically impecunious.My inlaws lived from hand to mouth, so we didn't expect any help from them.My parents lived a great distance away, and I was too ashamed to let them know about our situation.‎ My husband was trying to earn a living with an old pickup truck, carrying groceries for local shopkeepers, but it was constantly breaking down.It took almost all the money we had to have it fixed.The truck was also the only means of transportation for us.‎ We lived in the countryside, and we always used the back door because the ‎ driveway led to it.One winter evening, I stepped outside to take a bag of trash to the barrel and almost tripped over something.It was nearly dark, and I had to bend down to see what it was.I could hardly believe my eyes.There sat a large basket loaded with food.‎ It was heavy, so I called my husband to carry it into the house.Once inside, we discovered two loaves of bread, some butter, several cans of vegetables, a can of orange sauce, and a large turkey.There was so much that I couldn't remember it all, but it was everything we needed to fix a wonderful dinner — everything except potatoes.‎ A little while later I remembered that I hadn't taken the trash to the barrel.By now it was dark, so I had to turn on the yard light — and that's when I spotted a small bag of potatoes sitting on the porch.‎ That dinner was the best I could remember.‎ We weren't able to thank our donators, though, because we never found out who had been so generous in helping a struggling young family.Whoever it was, we are forever grateful.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”和丈夫有两个孩子，很多年前，我们生活贫困，但羞于将处境告诉父母。丈夫用一辆旧卡车送货谋生。一天晚上，“我”在家门口发现一篮子丰盛的食物，那一餐令“我”终生难忘。“我”将永远感谢那位送食物给“我”家的人。‎ ‎1．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “impecunious” in Paragraph 1?‎ A．Generous.　　　　 　 B．Harmonious.‎ C．Penniless. D．Stubborn.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“My parents lived a great distance away, and I was too ashamed to let them know about our situation.”可知，“我”的父母住在很远的地方，“我”羞于让他们知道我们的处境；结合画线词所在句可知，我们是有着两个孩子的年轻夫妻，据此可以推知，我们的日子过得相当贫穷，才会羞于让远方的父母知道我们的情况。据此可以判断，画线词意为“贫穷的”，故C项正确。‎ ‎2．How did the author's husband support the family?‎ A．By starting a garage.‎ B．By selling food door to door.‎ C．By delivering goods.‎ D．By working as a shop assistant.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句的“My husband was trying to earn a living with an old pickup truck, carrying groceries for local shopkeepers”可知，“我”的丈夫用一辆旧卡车为当地的店主送货谋生，故C项正确。‎ ‎3．How did the author feel when she saw the basket?‎ A．She was annoyed. B．She was astonished.‎ C．She was terrified. D．She felt a sense of relief.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“I could hardly believe my eyes.There sat a large basket loaded with food.”可知，看到一篮子的食物，“我”几乎不能相信自己的眼睛；据此可以判断，作者很惊讶，故B项正确。‎ ‎4．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．A helping hand in time B．A struggling young couple C．A tale of potatoes D．A reward from a stranger 解析：选A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了“我”和丈夫有两个孩子，生活贫困，但羞于将处境告诉父母。丈夫用一辆旧卡车送货谋生。一天晚上，“我”在家门口发现一篮子丰盛的食物，那一餐令“我”终生难忘。“我”将永远感谢那位送食物给“我”家的人。据此可以判断，A项最能概括文意，体现文章主旨，故A项正确。‎ B Following the crowd may not always be in a person's best interest.But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.‎ Scientists have known that close friendships help boost health.That's true for both teens and adults.The finding inspired Joseph Allen, a psychologist at the University of Virginia, and his team to study whether experiences during teen years would influence adult health.‎ So they followed 171 teens, starting when the kids were just 13.They interviewed each one every year for five years, and also spoke to these teens' closest friends, who ‎ provided additional information about the quality of their friendships.The same 171 people were interviewed again at ages 25, 26 and 27.This time, the questions surveyed each person's overall health.When the researchers analyzed the data, they found a strong connection between a teen's behavior and adult health.Teens who had close friends grew up to be the healthier adults.Whether teens held back their feelings or expressed them to close friends also influenced later health.Those who held back their feelings were more likely to be sick as adults.The connection held up even after the scientists accounted for other possible influences on health.Weight, family income and drug use were all examined.So were mental health issues, such as anxiety and depression.And in these people, such other factors did not explain adult health as well as teen friendships did.　‎ Getting along with the crowd may have benefits, says Allen, but there are also drawbacks.Teens who are more independent tend to do better at school and work.And peer pressure may lead some kids to engage in risky behavior, such as smoking, drinking or using drugs.Dealing with it is an ongoing challenge, Allen acknowledges.“Finding the right balance is the key.Teens shouldn't lose heart for not finding this easy.” And, he adds, “Parents need to be understanding about the pressures teens face.”‎ 语篇解读：研究表明，与朋友较少或者没有朋友的青少年相比，有朋友的青少年在长大后更健康。当然，与朋友相处也有坏处。‎ ‎5．Where can you probably read this passage?‎ A．Science fiction. B．Health column.‎ C．Fashion magazine. D．Entertainment newspaper.‎ 解析：选B　文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍青少年时的友谊对青少年成年后健康的影响。据此可知，本文属于健康知识类文章，故可判断，本文可能选自“健康专栏”，故B项正确。‎ ‎6．We can learn from Allen's study that ________.‎ A．many other factors have a greater influence on adult health than teen friendships B．mental health issues have nothing to do with adult health C．the same 171 teens were interviewed each year from 13 to 27‎ D．the teens who couldn't express themselves grew up to be unhealthier 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Whether teens held back ...sick as adults.”可知，青少年是否向他们的好朋友表达情感也会影响到其成年后的健康，那些压抑情感的青少年成年后很可能不健康。故D项正确。‎ ‎7．What can be inferred from the passage?‎ A．There is nothing bad for teens to follow the crowd.‎ B．Close friendships are the most important for people's health.‎ C．Teen friendships may help teens become healthier adults.‎ D．Adult health is only influenced by teen friendships.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句“But new research suggests that teens who get along with their friends may end up healthier as adults.”可知，与朋友相处的青少年在成年后会更加健康。C项意为“青少年时期的友谊会帮助青少年成为更加健康的成年人”，符合文章意思，故C项正确。‎ C The old Chinese saying “as happy as spending the New Year” might be outdated now in the busy modern world. The Spring Festival is regarded as the most important festival for Chinese people and an occasion for all family members to get together, like Christmas in the West. But many traditional customs accompanying the Spring Festival, however, have weakened in practice.‎ Setting off fireworks was once the most typical custom of the Spring Festival. People thought the sputtering (爆裂) sound could help drive away evil spirits. However, the activity has been completely or partially forbidden in big cities for years as the government has taken security, noise and pollution factors into consideration.‎ ‎“In recent years, some cities have begun to allow people to light fireworks during limited hours at the Spring Festival, surrendering to (屈从于) public demand. Respecting folk traditions is a gesture of respect toward public opinion，” said Zhou Xing, a folklore researcher.‎ ‎“As people gain more income and it becomes easier to buy daily goods, the New Year holiday is just like any other. After long workdays, many people use the New Year holiday to take a rest, rather than visiting friends and neighbors. The process of making and enjoying the family dinner on Spring Festival Eve is the most ‎ important thing. However, many families would like to eat out to save time and energy，” said Li Shunzhi, a resident of Harbin, Heilongjiang.‎ ‎“I enjoy the holidays very much in the countryside. My family has been preparing for the Spring Festival more than two weeks before the holiday, cleaning the house, buying holiday goods and decorating the house with papercuttings. On New Year's Eve, the whole family stays up to see the New Year in, and in the days to follow, a series of activities such as lion dancing, dragon lantern dancing, lantern festivals and temple fairs will be held. Without the ancient traditions, the holiday is nothing to us，” said Zhang Hui, from Hebei.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了中国春节的一些传统习俗在逐渐消失的现象以及人们对此现象的不同观点。‎ ‎8．What Li Shunzhi said implies ________.‎ A．what people do during the festival now is different from the past B．people would like to have the family dinner on Spring Festival Eve C．people prefer to visit friends and neighbors rather than take a rest D．the New Year holiday is just like any other day 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第四段的整体内容可推知，哈尔滨的一位居民所说的这段话是在感慨今昔过年的差异，故选A。‎ ‎9．What can we learn from the last paragraph?‎ A．Zhang Hui often spends two weeks preparing for the Spring Festival.‎ B．Zhang Hui is used to spending the Spring Festival with his family.‎ C．Zhang Hui always takes part in a series of activities after the Spring Festival.‎ D．Zhang Hui lives in the urban area.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的“My family has been preparing for ...”和“On New Year's Eve, the whole family stays up to see ...”以及本段的整体内容可推知，张惠习惯和家人一起过春节，故选B。‎ ‎10．What does the whole passage show?‎ A．The Spring Festival is as lively as before.‎ B．The Spring Festival is outdated now.‎ C．The Spring Festival is losing its qualities.‎ D．The Spring Festival in China is more important than Christmas in the West.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句“But many traditional customs accompanying the Spring Festival, however, have weakened in practice.”， 并结合全文的整体内容可推知，本文主要讲述了中国春节的一些传统习俗在逐渐消失这一现象，故选C。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 How to Lose the Weight Quickly You know the drill when it comes to losing weight: take in fewer calories and burn more calories.__1__ If you're trying to drop a few pounds fast, these interesting tips will make it easy for you to lose the weight quickly.‎ Eat in front of mirrors and you'll lose weight One study finds that eating in front of mirrors reduces the amount people eat by nearly onethird.Having to look yourself in the eye reflects back some of your own inner standards and goals.__2__‎ Sniff a banana or an apple when you feel hungry ‎__3__ Researchers find that the more frequently people sniff, the less hungry they are and the more weight they lose — an average of 30 pounds each.One theory is that sniffing the food tricks the brain into thinking you're actually eating it.‎ ‎__4__‎ Whether that's a floor, a couple of windows, or your car, a 150pound person will burn about four calories for every minute spent cleaning.Scrub for 30 minutes and you could work off approximately 120 calories, the same number in a halfcup of frozen yogurt.‎ Stare at the color blue There's a good reason you won't see many fastfood restaurants decorated in blue: it helps to control an appetite.So serve up dinner on blue plates, dress in blue while you eat, and cover your table with a blue tablecloth.__5__ Studies find they encourage eating.‎ A．You might feel silly, but it works.‎ B．Therefore, adjust your eating habits.‎ C．Wash something thoroughly once a week.‎ D．That's all it takes to lose as many pounds as possible.‎ E．On the contrary, avoid red, yellow, and orange in your dining areas.‎ F．In other words, it reminds you of why you're trying to lose weight in the first place.‎ G．But you also know that most diets and quick weightloss plans don't work as promised.‎ ‎1．选G　根据上文的“You know”及下文的“If you're trying to drop a few pounds fast, these interesting tips will make it easy for you to lose the weight quickly.”可推知，G项“但是，你也知道大部分的节食和快速减肥计划并不像承诺的那样有效”符合语境，所以选G项。‎ ‎2．选F　根据上文的“Having to look yourself in the eye reflects back some of your own inner standards and goals.”可推知，F项中的“why you're trying to lose weight”与上文的“goals”相对应，所以选F项。‎ ‎3．选A　根据下文的“Researchers find that the more frequently people sniff ... an average of 30 pounds each.”并结合本段小标题“Sniff a banana or an apple when you feel hungry”可推知，A项“你可能觉得(这种行为)可笑，但是它却有效”符合语境，所以选A项。‎ ‎4．选C　空处为本段的小标题，根据本段内容可知，本段主要讲述了清洗一些东西可以消耗大量的卡路里，从而有助于减肥，所以选C项作本段的小标题。‎ ‎5．选E　根据空后一句“Studies find they encourage eating.”并结合本段的小标题“Stare at the color blue”可推知，此处表示与蓝色相比，其他的颜色对食欲的影响，所以选E项。‎