高考英语短文改错专项训练(含答案-word版) 17页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 高考英语短文改错专项训练（含答案） 1.【2016·全国新课标 I】短文改错（10 分） My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 live .Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at meal times .Some people even had to wait outside My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady. 2.【2016·全国新课标 II】短文改错（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot. 3.【2016·全国新课标 III】短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me . They were also the best and worse years in my life . At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didn’ t seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time , I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. 4.【2016·四川】短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） It is Mother’s Day today. Though it’s a western festival, it’s popular in China now. Mom has a full-time job, so she has to do most of the houseworks. She is a great mother. Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s Day. We get up early in the morning. Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping. When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand. I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen. The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favoritiest. At dinner, we said to her, “Happy 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 Mother’s Day！”Mom was grateful and moving. 5.【2016·浙江】短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I remember well years late. Every time he arrived home at end of the day ,we’ d greet het at the door. He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us, Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers. While they chat, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge. It was both excited and frightening to be up there！ My sister and I thought he was so cool for putting us there. 2015 年高考试题分项解析之专题----短文改错 1.【2015·陕西】短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） My soccer coach retired in last week. I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party. My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decide to ask her for help. Mum taught me some basic step of baking. I insisted on doing most of the baking myself. I thought the biscuits were really well. My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up. At a party, my coach, with a biscuit in his mouth, asked surprisingly who made them and joked, “I might have to retire again next year just get some more of these biscuits.” My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter! 2.【2015·四川】短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） Hi, Janice, It's been a month since I came to this new school and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing. As I tell you last time, I made three new friend here. We hang out together during lunch and after school. We've been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars. It's been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many. And I started to see this as a time—wasting activity! In fact ,I don’t like to go anymore, so I’m afraid I’ll lose their friendship. How do you think I should do? If you are me ,would you talk to 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 him? Please help with me and give me some advice. G race 3.【2015·浙江】短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made from glass. I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field. In the mornings, it was full of students exercising. The view from the back of the classroom is also splendid. Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. Farther in the distance, I could not enjoy the view of snowy mountains. On the right side of the class was the road. I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. The position of the classroom with its view made me felt like I was dreaming. If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it. 4.【2015·新课标全国 II】 One day , little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him drying and telling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. Mom said,“How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried. ” Tony promised her that this would never happen again. 5.【2015·新课标全国 I】 When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out . We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so ,we’ll live to regret it . 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 2014 年高考试题分项解析之专题----短文改错 1. Correction 1(2014 课标全国Ⅰ) Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden. Since then—for all these year—we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As result, the plants are growing somewhere. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors. Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! 2. Correction 2(2014 课标全国Ⅱ) My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon. We didn’t need to do so many homework. Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities. For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day. My dream school look like a big garden. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings. We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music. The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are not only our teachers but also our friends. 3. Correction 3(2014 浙江) I was taking a train to London’s Victoria Station. I had noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people. Before long, a train inspector comes to check our tickets. A passenger realized he couldn’t find his ticket but became quite upset. Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner. The person who found a ticket smiled with pleasure at his success. No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before. Yet they had so quickly offered the strangers their help. If we could show concern to others on need, the world would be a better place to live in. 4. Correction 4(2014 辽宁) Dear Jeremy and Alice, Although we’ve been delighted to have you as neighbors, we’re hoping 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 to settle something that bothers to us. In a word, your dog—Cleo. We’ve called several time about Cleo’s early morning barking. It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she’s outside. The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. Beside, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day. This morning she starts barking even before 5 o’clock. That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are. We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter. Sincerely, Jack and Rose 5. Correction 5(2014 四川) Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and classmate. Don’t panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly. Soon the firefighters will come and put out a fire. If it’s a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 高考英语短文改错专项训练(答案解析) 1.【2016·全国新课标 I】短文改错（10 分） 【答案】1. that →where 2. but去掉 3. had →have 4. honest→ honesty 5. or→ and 6. using →used 7. becoming 前加 of 8. the →a 9. our→ his 10. stead→steadily 【归纳总结】在英语中 though、although、while 或者 as 等引导的让步状语从句 不和 but 连用；连词 because 不和 so 连用；此外，return 不和 back 连用。 3. had →have 考查动词时态。 文章是介绍现在的情况，应该用一般现在时。 4. honest→ honesty 考查名词。此处是指诚实是他成功的秘诀，用名词形式。 而 形容词 honest 意思是“诚实的”，是指人的性格特点。 2.【2016·全国新课标 II】短文改错（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 【答案】1.how 改为 what 2.chose 改为 choose 3.take 改为 taking 4.but 改为 and 5.about 后加 the 6.your 改为 our 7.knowledges 改为 knowledge 8.删除 can 或 can 改为 should 9.thought 改为 think 10.many 改为 much 【解析】试题分析：考查记叙文，“我”和同学们对暑假的旅游计划的讨论。 6.your 改为 our 考查代词。应该使用 our 与本句的主语 we 保持一致。句意：如果 我们出国旅游，我们就拓宽视野并学到书本上学不到的知识。 7.knowledges 改为 knowledge 考查名词单复数。本句中名词 knowledge 是不可 数名词，没有复数形式。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 8.删除 can 或 can 改为 should 考查虚拟语气。动词 suggest 作为建议的时候，后 面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气“(should)+动词原形”,所以本句可以删除 can 或 can 改为 should。 9.thought 改为 think 考查时态。本文介绍我和同学们商量暑假旅游的事情，全文 以一般现在时为主，所以本句使用现在时 think。 10.many 改为 much 考查代词。本句中代词 much 代替不可数名词 much money 作为动词 cost 的宾语，而 many 通常代替可数名词复数形式。 【名师点睛】 高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测 试三个层面。考点层次越高，就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往 侧重于语法方面的考查，而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。 一、词法改错 词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词的所有格；动词的 时态、语态、语气，情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、 指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法； 形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。 例如：本题中的 5.about 后加 the 考查定冠词 7.knowledges 改为 knowledge 考查名词单复数 10.many 改为 much 考查代词 二、句法改错 句法的测试包括：主谓语在数上的一致性；名词性从句、定语从句和强调句；句子结 构的连贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。 例如： 1.how 改为 what 考查特殊结构。 2.chose 改为 choose 考查句子结构 3.take 改为 taking 考查并列结构 8.删除 can 或 can 改为 should 考查虚拟语气 三、语篇改错 语篇的测试包括：上下文的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词指代是否一致；上下文中 的逻辑关系是否一致。 4.but 改为 and 考查连词 6.your 改为 our 考查代词和逻辑关系 9.thought 改为 think 考查时态 3.【2016·全国新课标 III】短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 【答案】 51.year—years 52.worse—worst 53.the 去掉 54.yourself—myself 55.such—so 56.tell—told 57.freely—free 58.wear—wearing 59.to—for 60.I ∧need 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 55.such—so 考查 so/such 的用法。 my parents didn’t seem to think so 我的 父母似乎不这样认为，so 指代上一句的内容，故把 such 改为 so。 56.tell—told 考查时态。通篇回忆过去的事情，使用的一般过去时，故把 tell 改为 told。 57.freely—free 考查形容词副词。be 后跟形容词构成系表结构，be free from... 摆脱......，不受......的影响，故把 freely 改为 free。 58.wear—wearing 考查固定搭配。by 是介词，意为“通过”，后跟名词／代词或 动名词，故把 wear 改为 wearing。 考点：名词；形容词；代词；介词；最高级；固定搭配；时态 【名师点睛】 改错中动词、连词以及上下文语境也是出题者经常会考虑的出题知识点，其解题方 法如下： 1.动词错误的发现与解决 英语中有许多的短语动词，是很难从字面上判断其意义的。其中与介词构成短语的动 词是最常见的。我们在分析题目的时候，发现有动宾搭配的时候，应该考虑该动词是 否是一个短语动词，并进而分析构成该短语动词的介词有无遗漏。对于短语动词的熟 悉是一个长期积累的过程，需要随时总结与记忆。以下是考试中常见到的短语动词： account for； add up to； back up； break down； break away from； bleak out； break up； break in； break off； bring about； bring up； bring out； bring down； build up； call off； call for； call on； carry out； check in； clear up； come off； come around； count on； cut down； cut off； do away with； dwell on； fall back on； fall out； get over； get out of； get at； give out； give up； give off； hang on； hold back； keep back from； keep up with； lay off； lay down； live up to； look into； look forward to； look over； make up； make out； pass away； put up with； role out； run out of； set about； take over； take up； take in； take off； turn up； turn out； work out 等。 还有一种常考的动词的用法就是语态。在所分析的文字中包含谓语动词，那么应该分 析是否是这方面的问题。其中应该重点分析主语与谓语动词的关系是主动还是被动。 2．连接词错误的发现与解决 例： However, a second person thought that this was more a question of civilized behavior as good manners． 本题所考查的就是比较连接词的用法。从前文的 more 我们就可以看出，下文的 as 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 是不恰当的，正确的答案应是比较连接词 than。一般来说，比较连接词所考查的重 点集中在 as 与 than 的用法上。句意中是否还有比较意义是很容易辨别的，我们一 旦觉察到句子有比较的意思，就应考虑是否是 as 与 than 的用法混淆。 此外定语从句的连接词也是要特别注意的。我们看 2000 年 6 月的第 74 题：Instead， this other person told us a story，it he said was quite well known．在这里， 句子的后半段很明显是一个非限制性的定语从句，所以应将 it 改为 which.非限制性 的定语从句的连接词在近几年的考试中反复出现，应该引起我们的重视。解决此类问 题的方法是，凡是发现有复合句的分析对象，首先就要考虑从句的连接词。首先看是 否有连接词，其次看连接词是否正确，尤其是 which 与 that 的不同应用。 3．语言环境类错误的发现与解决 从历年的考题来看，语言环境类的错误是最有章可循的。这类错误一般是一行中的关 键词与上下文所体现出来的意思完全相反。此类题的解决也较简单，那就是将不符合 文意的词改为它的反义词即可。如第 54 题就是属于语境错误。句意：我认为我什么 都知道，可以自己拿主意了。这里指作者自己做决定，根据主语 I 可知，应该用 myself， 故把 yourself 改为 myself。 4.【2016·四川】短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 【 答 案 】 1.so---but 2.houseworks---housework 3.or---and 4.get---got 5. 去 掉 on 6.her---his 7. 在 in 和 kitchen 之 间 加 the 8.what---that/which( 或 去 掉 what) 9.favoritest---favorite 10.moving---moved 【名师点睛】 表示情感的现在分词和过去分词 surprising 令人惊讶的，surprised 感到惊讶；frightening 令人害怕的，frightened 感到害怕； moving 令人感动的， moved 感动；exciting 令人兴奋的，excited 感 到兴奋；boring 令人厌烦的， bored 感到厌烦；annoying 令人烦恼的，annoyed 感到烦恼的。现在分词的主语通常指事物；过去分词的主语通常指人。比如第 10 小 题 moving---moved 句意：妈妈即感激有感动。故把 moving---moved。 考点：考查短文改错 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 5.【2016·浙江】短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 66.【答案】children 改成 child 考点：考查名词单复数 67.【答案】late 改成 later 【解析】 试题分析：late 是形容词“迟的”，或副词“迟地”，但是“一段时间后面应该接 later”， 表示“……时间以后”。故 late 改成 later。 考点：考查副词 68.【答案】at 后面加 the 考点：考查冠词 69.【答案】her 改成 him 【解析】 试题分析： 根据上文可知我们每天在门口迎接爸爸。用 him 指代 my father，作 greet 的宾语。故 her 改成 him。 考点：考查代词 70.【答案】was 改成 were 【解析】 试题分析： 这句话的主语是 we，谓语用复数，而且这篇文章是作者回忆小时候的 事情，用一般过去时。故 was 改成 were。 考点：考查主谓一致 71.【答案】knowing 改成 know 【解析】 试题分析：pretend 后面接不定式作宾语，这里是否定式 pretend not to do。故 knowing 改成 know。 考点：考查动词不定式 72.【答案】去掉 had 【解析】 试题分析：句意：他和我妈妈会喝些东西。这里不是虚拟语气，不能用 would have done，用 would do 表示“过去常常做”。故去掉 had。 考点：考查动词形式 73.【答案】chat 改成 chatted 【解析】 试题分析：根据主句内容 my father would lift my sister 可知 while 引导的时间状 语从句用一般过去时。故 chat 改成 chatted。 考点：考查动词时态 74.【答案】in 改成 on 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 11 考点：考查介词 75.【答案】excited 改成 exciting 【解析】 试题分析：这句话的主语是形式主语 it，真正的主语是 to be up there，主语是物的 时候，表语应该用现在分词形式的形容词。故 excited 改成 exciting。 考点：考查形容词 【名师点睛】 高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测 试三个层面。考点层次越高，就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往 侧重于语法方面的考查，而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。 这篇短文主要是一些词法错误，词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的 单复数和名词的所有格；动词的时态、语态、语气，情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称 代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的 搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法； 固定搭配和习惯用法。 例如：本题中的 66. children 改成 child（名词单复数错误） 67. late 改成 later（副词错误） 68. at 后面加 the（冠词错误） 69. her 改成 him（代词错误） 71. knowing 改成 know（非谓语动词错误） 72.去掉 had（虚拟语气错误） 73. chat 改成 chatted（动词时态错误） 74. in 改成 on（介词错误） 75. excited 改成 exciting（形容词错误） 2015 年高考试题分项解析之专题----短文改错（答案解析） 1.【2015·陕西】短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 【答案】 76.去掉 in 77.anything 改为 something 78.better 改成 best 79.decide 改 成 decided 80.step 改 为 steps 81.well 改 成 good 82.after 改 成 when/while 83.a 改为 the 84.just 后加 to 85.enjoy 改为 enjoying 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 12 【考点定位】考查短文改错 【名师点睛】这篇短文改错是记叙文，短文的内容和学生的日常生活有关。错误之处 的设置都是平常学生容易错的地方。考查点比较全面，各种词性都考查到了，也涉及 到一些语法知识的考查，如：非谓语动词，时态等。 2.【2015·四川】短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 【答案】 61.加上 to 62. tell—told 63. friend—friends 64.sing—singing 65. many—much 66.so—but 67. How—What 68. are—were 69. him— them 70. 去掉 with 【解析】 试题分析：文章主要通过一封求助信，写出了写信人的困扰。作者交了三个新朋友， 经常一起去卡拉 OK 唱歌，但其实作者并不喜欢这样，他想知道自己该怎么做才不会 失去这段友谊。 61.加上 to 考查动词 want 的用法，want 用不定式担当状语，故加上 to。句意为： 我真地很想和你分享一下我经历的问题。 62. tell—told 考查时态。根据时间状语 last time 可知，此句需要用一般过去时， 故把 tell 改成 told。句意为正如我上次告诉你的那样。 63. friend—friends 考查名词的复数。名词 friend 为可数名词，其前有 three 修饰， 需要用复数形式，故把 friend 改成 friends。句意为：我在这儿交了三个新朋友。 64.sing—singing 考查动名词担当宾语。本句考查句型 spend…（in）doing sth 结构，故把 sing 改成 singing。 65. many—much 考查代词。根据句意，指的是花费很多钱，故用 much 而非 many。 句意为：那真的花费很多。 66.so--but 考查连词。上一分句意为：我不想再去；下一分句意为：我怕失去他们 的友谊，两个分句之间有转折关系，故把 so 改成 but。 67. How—What 考查疑问词的选择。本句中 do 之后缺少宾语，表示事情，故用 what 而非 how。注意首字母要大写。 68. are—were 考查虚拟语气。根据句子可知，此处为虚拟语气，与现在事实不相 符，故把 are 改成 were。句意为：如果你是我,…。 69. him—them 考查代词。根据上文可知，作者交了三个朋友，故用 them 而非 him。 句意为：你会和他们说吗？ 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 13 70. 去掉 with 考查动词。动词 help 为及物动词，其后接宾语时无需加介词，故去 掉 with。句意为：请帮帮我，给我一些建议。 【考点定位】考查短文纠错 【名师点睛】本篇文章考查学生的短文纠错能力。短文纠错能力考查的范围较广，如 各类词类用法和各种语法知识。本篇文章中既考查了词类用法如：61、63、65、66、 69、70 题，也考查了学生的语法知识如：62、64、67、68，涉及多种语法知识。 要求考生要通读全文，把握大意，还要逐读各句才能找出错误所在。 3.【2015·浙江】短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 【答案】 61. side-sides 62. from-to 63. sit-sitting 64. easy-easily 65. is-was 66. them-it 67. not 删除 68. in hurry- in a hurry 69. felt-feel 70. If-Although/Though 【解析】 试题分析：这是一篇介绍教室的文章。 61. side-sides 考查名词的单复数。根据前面的 three，此处应该使用复数形式 62. from-to 考查介词搭配 make of 与 make from 两者都常用在被动语态中, 表示“某物由.构成的”. make of 的原材料是看的到的,即平常我们说的物理现象,比 如 The chair is made of wood.椅子是有木头做成的。而 make from 的原材料是看 不到的,比如 Paper is made from the trees. 纸张是由木材做成的.是一种化学变化, 从纸上是看不出一棵树滴. 63. sit-sitting 考查动名词 动词 enjoy 后接 ing 形式。 64. easy-easily 考查副词 此处的副词修饰动词 see 65. is-was 考查动词的谓语时态 根据前后句的谓语时态都是使用过去的，所以这 里面也需要用过去时态。 66. them-it 考查代词 此处的 it 指代的是学校。 67. 删除 not 考查意思是否表否定 该句的意思应该是表达肯定而不是否定所 以要删除 not 68. in hurry- in a hurry 考查冠词 in a hurry 意为“立刻”，也是一个固定搭 配 69. felt-feel 考查使役动词的法。 Make sb do sth,是使役动词的用法。 70. If-Although/Though 考查连词的用法 ，根据句意“尽管在我读书的时候我 是一个小孩，但我不会忘记它”表达让步，而不是条件。而且翻译为如果意思上也不 通。 【考点定位】短文改错 【名师点睛】这种题目对语法的要求很高，要求注意上下文的，以及单词的用法，以 及特殊用法、固定搭配等。其实这一些错误很有可能是在写作中会出现，所以，加强 写作的练习对于这一种题目，也是有帮助的。另外，这种题目也可以改编一下，成为 语法填空的题目。 4.【2015·新课标全国 II】 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 14 【答案】 71. parent 改为 parents 72. on 改为 in 73. very 去掉 74. looks 改为 looking 75. where 改为 that 或者去掉 where 76. begun 改为 began 77. telling 改为 told 78. a 改为 the 79. saw 后加 his 80. terrible 改为 terribly 【考点定位】语法填空。 【名师点睛】通过短短的 100 多个词，使考生能正确运用各类词和固定搭配，如动 词、名词、副词、代词和连词，辨别并改正错误。总的说来，本题都是学生平时书面 表达中常见的错误。多读多练习就能找出问题所在，也能对写作有帮助。 5.【2015·新课标全国 I】 【答案】 76. think –thought 77. countryside 前加 the 78. or—and 79. on— with 80. been 去掉 81. seriously—serious 82. airs—air 83. much— many 84. found—find 85. your—our 【解析】 试题分析：作者是孩子的时候，梦想生活在城市。二作者现在生活在城市，却向往着 家乡，因为那里更少的污染。 76. think –thought 句意：我认为生活在那儿很快乐。时态用法错误。这里用一般 过去时，表示“过去认为” 77. countryside 前加 the 句意：但是我想念农村的家乡。这里 countryside 是特 指，故用定冠词 the。 78. or—and 句意：那里山绿并且空气新鲜。连词用法错误。前后句为并列关系，故 用连词 and。 79. on—with 句意：随着工业化的发展。短语搭配错误。短语 with the development of 随着……的发展。 80. been 去掉句意：许多研究表明。语态用法错误。主语与动词为主动关系，这里 不需要用被动语态。 81. seriously—serious 句意：全球变暖已经成为严重的问题。词性用法错误。修饰 名词，前面用形容词修饰。 82. airs—air 句意：我们呼吸的空气变得越来越脏。名词用法错误。名词 air 为不可 数名词。 83. much—many 句意：许多罕见的动物已经消失。名词 animal 为可数名词，故 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 15 用 many 修饰。 84. found—find 句意：我们必须找到方法来保护我们的地球。动词用法错误。情态 动词 must 后接动词原形。 85. your—our 句意：我们必须找到方法来保护我们的地球。代词用法错误。这里应 当是保护我们的环境。 【考点定位】短文改错。 【名师点睛】改错题整体难度适中，文章简单易懂。考点分布均匀，添、删、改比例 为 1:1:8。重点考查时态、名词的单复数、冠词、连词、副词以及介词的搭配等。考 生解此类题型时一般应遵循保持句子原意的原则，即不能改变文章或作者所表达的意 思，包括其语气和上下文的逻辑关系。只对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、行文关系 错误进行改正，且要小改而不大改。 2014 年高考试题分项解析之专题----短文改错（答案解析） 一、答案 第一句:before→ago 此处讲述的是过去发生的事情,和一般过去时连用的应是 ago, before 常和完成时连用。 第一句:by→of with the help of...在……的帮助下,为固定短语。 第二句:year→years 句中 year 是可数名词,前面的 these 应修饰复数形式的名 词。 第二句:had→have 时间状语 since then 通常和现在完成时连用,而不是过去 完成时。 第三句:在 result 前加 a as a result 结果,为固定短语。 第三句:somewhere→everywhere 根据句意可知是“到处都有”,所以用 everywhere。 第四句:taste→tasty 本句中 small,juicy 和 tasty 是并列的表语,所以要用形容 词。 第五句:much→many 根据前面的 be 动词 are 和后面的 them 可知应是代替 可数名词复数的 many。 第六句:删掉 but/but→yet 引导让步状语从句的 although 不能和连词 but 连 用,但是可以和副词 yet 连用。所以可以删掉 but,也可以把 but 改为 yet。 第七句:wonderfully→wonderful 修饰名词时应用形容词。 二、答案 [语篇解读] 本文为记叙文,题材是学校生活类。作者描述了自己心目中理想的校 园。 第二句:They→There 表示“上午有三节课,下午有两节课”应使用 there be 句型。 第三句:didn’t→don’t 全文时态是以一般现在时为主,故应将 didn’t 改为 don’t。 第三句:many→much homework 是不可数名词,故应用 much 修饰。 第四句:with→for 表示时间、金钱、空间等足够/足以(用于……)时,应使用介词 for。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 16 第五句:第一个 hour→hours “一个半小时”要说 one and a half hours。 第六句:look→looks 主语 My dream school(我梦想中的学校)是单数,其谓语 动词也应使用第三人称单数形式。 第七句:删掉第一个 the all kinds of(各种各样的)后直接加可数名词复数或不 可数名词,不用再加冠词。 第八句:sat→sit We can lie...,or (can) sit... 第八句:listening 后加 to listen 是不及物动词,接宾语时要加介词 to。 第九句:helpfully→helpful and 连接两个形容词作表语,故应将副词 helpfully 改为形容词 helpful。 三、答案 1.第二句:删掉 had。此处指过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。 2.第二句:noise→noisy。此处作表语,应该是形容词。 3.第三句:comes→came。此处是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。 4.第四句:but→and。此处是顺承关系。 5.第五句:在 searching 后加 for。搜寻某个东西应该用 search for。 6.第五句:his→its/the。此处指票的主人。 7.第六句:a→the。此处特指丢了的票。 8.第七句:previous→previously。此处应该用副词形式。 9.第八句:strangers→stranger。此处指的是票的主人,只有一个人,所以用单数。 10.第九句:on→in。此处是固定词组 in need。 四、答案 1.第一段:去掉 bothers 后的 to bother sb.打扰某人。 2.第二段第一句:time→times 考查名词复数。several times 好几次。 3.第二段第二句:understanding→understand 根据 it’s difficult to do sth. 句型可知。 4.第二段第三句:have→has 考查主谓一致。the early morning barking 为单 数,所以谓语动词也应为单数形式。 5.第二段第四句:Beside→Besides 此处应为副词 besides 而不是介词 beside。 6.第二段第四句:average 前的 a→an 考查冠词。average 为以元音音素开头 的单词,所以应用冠词 an。 7.第二段第五句:starts→started 考查时态。因为是今天早晨发生的事情,所以 用一般过去时。 8.第二段第六句:closely→close 考查形容词。形容词 close 作表语。 9.第三段:our→your 考查物主代词。 10.第三段:在 figure 后加 out 根据动词短语 figure out(想出)可知答案。 五、答案 1.第二句:with→about talk with sb.和某人交谈;talk about sth.谈论某事。 2.第二句:go→goes 主语是 a fire alarm,谓语动词要用单数形式。 3.第三句:在 wait 后面加 for wait for sb.to do sth.等待某人做某事。 4.第四句:classmate→classmates classmate 是可数名词,根据语境可知不止 有一个同学,所以要用复数形式。 5.第五句:trying→try and 连接的是并列的两个祈使句,前面是表示否定的祈使 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 17 句,后面应是肯定的祈使句,所以要用动词原形。 6.第五句:calmly→calm 此处作系动词 remain 的表语,所以应用形容词,和 quiet 并列。 7.第六句:a→the 此处应该是特指上文提到的火灾。 8.第七句:us→you 人称代词错误。前文用的是人称代词 you,所以此处也应该 是 you。 9.第八句:删掉 when 引导词使用重复,that 已经引导宾语从句,所以 when 多余, 而且不符合语境。 10.第八句:and→or 此处应该是选择关系而不是并列关系。