【英语】2021届新高考英语一轮复习课后达标检测北师大版：选修6Unit16　Stories作业 13页

课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形 阅读理解 A ‎(2020·太原模拟)Fairy tales perform many functions. They entertain, encourage imagination and teach problemsolving skills. They can also provide moral lessons, highlighting the dangers of failing to follow the social codes that let human beings coexist in harmony. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology believes it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart.‎ The collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behavior in fables, novels and other literature. We believe story comprehension in robots can prevent the intelligent robots from killing humanity which was predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology including Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates. This system is called “Quixote”. It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.‎ The experiment done by the designers involves going to a drugstore to purchase some medicine for a human who needs to get it as soon as possible. The robot has three options. It can wait in line; it can interact with the storekeeper politely and purchase the medicine with priority; or it can steal the medicine and escape. Without any further directives(指示), the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of obtaining the medicine is to steal it. But Quixote offers a reward for waiting in line and politely purchasing the medicine and a punishment for stealing it. In this way, the robot will learn the moral way to behave on that occasion.‎ Quixote would work best on a robot that has a very limited function. It’s a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons into robots. We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior. Giving robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。童话故事不但可以娱乐孩子们，还能让机器人拥有道德观念，使其更好地为人类服务。‎ ‎1．What function do fairy tales perform in the robots?‎ A．They entertain robots.‎ B．They highlight dangers.‎ C．They make robots more intelligent.‎ D．They enable robots to behave morally.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral ‎ lessons that AI(artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart”可知，童话故事可以作为道德经验让人工智能机器人的行为符合道德规范，故D项正确。‎ ‎2．What is “Quixote” in the text?‎ A．A punishment system.‎ B．A character in literature.‎ C．A big name in technology.‎ D．A kind of software educating robots.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“This system is called ‘Quixote’. It collects story plots from the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.”可知，这个系统被称为“Quixote”；它从互联网上收集故事情节，然后用这些故事来教育机器人如何规范行为，由此可知，Quixote是一种教育机器人的软件，故D项正确。‎ ‎3．What does the designer expect robots to do in the experiment?‎ A．To take advantage of its privilege.‎ B．To finish the task most efficiently.‎ C．To perform in a wellmannered way.‎ D．To be rewarded by the storekeeper.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior.”可推知，设计者希望机器人在实验中的行为能符合道德规范，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．Which of the following can best express the author’s opinion?‎ A．Robots will definitely have more functions.‎ B．Robots with humans’ emotions are perfect.‎ C．Training robots to be socially acceptable is necessary.‎ D．The development of robots is still in a baby step.‎ C　解析：观点态度题。根据第四段中的“We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior.”可知，我们认为人工智能必须接受培训以适应特定社会的价值观，这样做，它将努力避免不可接受的行为。据此可推知，训练机器人让其行为符合社会规范是必要的，故C项正确。‎ B ‎(2020·昆明教学质量检测)Fiveyearold Prisilla Perez, a student at Meador Elementary School in Willis, was unhappy with her recent haircut, which resulted from a severe disease. When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.‎ Her teacher, Shannon Grimm, sympathized with her unhappiness. Grimm and Prisilla’s mom were concerned, but their ideas didn’t work. “We had classroom discussions about how girls ‎ have short hair and boys have long hair, and I showed them photos of movie stars with different looks，” Grimm said, “However, it wasn’t sinking in.”‎ Grimm thought about Prisilla throughout the winter break, and one morning, she had an idea: Cut off her hair—a scary thought for Grimm, who wore her hair long and took pride in it. “I’ve never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision，” she said. On Jan. 4, Grimm invited a hairstylist friend to her home. “I told him to keep going, even if I cried，” she said.‎ The class loved their teacher’s new do, especially Prisilla, who excitedly ran off the school bus that afternoon yelling, “Mom, Ms.Grimm cut her hair！” The teacher also bought matching bows for herself and the girl, so they could style their hair together.‎ In February, the teacher recommended Prisilla for the school district’s Student of the Month Award, but during the Monday ceremony, she received a surprise “hero medal” from the girl. “Now we have matching awards，” says Grimm.‎ Prisilla’s mother, Maria, said that Grimm’s thoughtfulness brought her to tears. “I was shocked. I was crying. I couldn’t believe it—she did something that I wouldn’t have the bravery to do. I will never forget that.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Grimm老师剪短头发以帮助学生Prisilla的故事。‎ ‎5．Why was Prisilla unhappy at school?‎ A．She wasn’t satisfied with her teacher.‎ B．She couldn’t concentrate in class.‎ C．She was laughed at by her classmates.‎ D．She couldn’t get on well with others.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy, she felt ashamed, often crying and losing focus in school.”可知，Prisilla在学校不开心是因为她被同学嘲笑。‎ ‎6．What made Grimm have her own hair cut?‎ A．Praise from her students.‎ B．Devotion to her students.‎ C．Request of Prisilla’s mother.‎ D．Suggestion from the hairstylist.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“Grimm thought about Prisilla...she had an idea: Cut off her hair”可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，为了安慰Prisilla, Grimm老师决定把自己的头发剪短。由此可推知，Grimm老师出于对学生的关爱才剪短了头发。‎ ‎7．What can we know about Grimm?‎ A．She had her hair cut together with Prisilla.‎ B．She expressed her sincere thanks to her pupils.‎ C．She hesitated a lot before having her hair cut.‎ D．She won a gold medal for facing difficulties bravely.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“I’ve never had short hair, and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision”可知，Grimm老师剪短头发之前很犹豫。‎ ‎8．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．How Grimm helped her student out.‎ B．What problem Prisilla had at school.‎ C．Why Prisilla won the Month Award.‎ D．When Grimm got her new hairstyle.‎ A　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，Prisilla因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，她在学校很不开心，Grimm老师为了帮助、安慰她而剪短了自己的头发，故A项最能概括文章大意。‎ 完形填空 ‎(2020·合肥高三联考)I got on the bus to go to school as normally do. Today, however, was quite __1__．As we approached the next stop, a little girl got on.She __2__ her wallet to find the $2 to pay the driver, but I could __3__ by her expression that she didn’t have the correct __4__. Therefore, I stood up, took out $2 from my wallet, and paid __5__ the girl.Then I walked back and sat down.The girl __6__ me, sitting down next to me.She said “thank you” in a sweet little voice and we began to chat.I found out that she was trying to get to State Street.‎ I felt __7__ to think about a girl in such a young age __8__ around in the city with no money or guardian.When my __9__ approached, I instructed her to get off with me and she agreed.As we got to the __10__， the little girl took my hand, and I __11__ her across the street to safety. __12__， I had some spare time, so I __13__ the girl to State Street, gave her $5, told her how to get home, and said goodbye. ‎ As I __14__ out my hand to shake, she ran to me and gave me the biggest and __15__ hug.We waved each other goodbye and she looked at me with the sweetest blue eyes, and then she skipped away __16__ the street. ‎ Although my new friend, Emily, was just a 9yearold girl, she gave me __17__ that will take her many years to understand.As we hugged, none of us said a word; __18__ , I knew that our hearts had met and a __19__ was made.No age can limit the __20__ of one’s heart or the love that they can give.‎ ‎【解题导语】　作者热心帮助了一个在公交车上遇到的小女孩，小女孩给了他大大的拥抱。作者感悟到任何年龄都不能限制一个人内心的力量或他们所能给予的爱。‎ ‎1．A.frightening　　　　　　　　 B．disappointing C．different D．crazy C　解析：根据句中however表示转折可知今天与以往不同，下文叙述了事情经过。故选C项。frightening令人恐惧的；disappointing令人失望的；different不同的；crazy疯狂的。‎ ‎2．A.observed B．touched C．presented D．searched D　解析：根据空后“her wallet to find the $2”可知女孩上车后从钱包里找钱付车费，根据当时情境可知选D项。 observe观察；touch触摸；present提出；search寻找。‎ ‎3．A.tell B．hear C．imagine D．base A　解析：女孩的表情告诉“我”她没有正好的钱付车费，指从她的表情看出。故选A项。‎ ‎4．A.ticket B．access C．permit D．fare D　解析：此处指女孩没有正好的钱付车费，指车费。故选D项。‎ ‎5．A.for B．off C．back D．to A　解析：pay for sb.指为某人付款，此处指“我”为女孩付了车费。故选A项。‎ ‎6．A.followed B．pushed C．noticed D．excused A　解析：“我”为女孩付车费后，女孩跟随“我”，然后坐在了“我”旁边表示感谢。故选A项。‎ ‎7．A.tired B．bored C．troubled D．inspired C　解析：根据句中“around in the city with no money or guardian”可知作者对这个小女孩没有钱和监护人自己在城市坐车感到不安，根据常识选C项。tired疲倦的；bored无聊的； troubled不安的； inspired能力卓越的。‎ ‎8．A.chatting B．looking C．playing D．wandering D　解析：此处指女孩自己在城市里坐车闲逛，wander around徘徊，闲逛。故选D项。‎ ‎9．A.company B．store C．center D．stop D　解析：根据下句“get off with me”可知是作者到站了。故选D项。‎ ‎10．A.corner B．crossroads C．destination D．shop B　解析：根据“across the street to safety”可知他们走到十字路口过马路。故选B项。‎ ‎11．A.made B．hurried C．led D．freed C　解析：此处指作者带领小女孩安全过马路，故选C项。‎ ‎12．A.Usually B．Luckily C．Generally D．Personally B　解析：幸好“我”有些空闲时间，所以“我”陪伴小女孩去她的目的地，表示“幸运的是”。故选B项。‎ ‎13．A.accompanied B．treated C．invited D．instructed A　解析：此处表示“我”有时间，所以陪伴女孩去她的目的地，指陪伴女孩。故选A项。‎ ‎14．A.pulled B．carried C．made D．held D　解析：此处指“我”伸出手和女孩握手，hold out伸出。故选D项。‎ ‎15．A.toughest B．tightest C．softest D．strongest B　解析：女孩跑过来给了“我”一个最大最紧的拥抱，指紧紧地拥抱。故选B项。‎ ‎16．A.across B．over C．off D．down D　解析：此处指女孩沿着街连蹦带跳地走了，down the street沿着大街。故选D项。‎ ‎17．A.something B．anything C．nothing D．everything A　解析：这个9岁的女孩给了“我”她多年之后才会明白的东西，用于肯定句。故选A项。‎ ‎18．A.otherwise B．however C．besides D．therefore B　解析：“我们”拥抱时谁都没说话，然而“我”知道“我们”的心相遇而且还建立了一种联系，表示转折。故选B项。‎ ‎19．A.connection B．contribution C．conclusion D．decision A　解析：此处指“我”和小女孩之间建立了一种联系。connection联系，关系；contribution贡献；conclusion结论；decision决定。故选A项。‎ ‎20．A.strength B．power C．force D．energy A　解析：任何年龄都不能限制一个人内心的力量或他们所能给予的爱，指内心的力量。故选A项。 strength力量；power权力；force武力；energy能量。‎ 课时练2　2篇阅读＋1篇七选五＋‎ ‎1篇语法填空 阅读理解 A ‎(2020·武汉调研)The boy sat on his chair, with his hands above the keyboard. He thought about what to write.‎ He recalled that the competition deadline was merely a week away. But he still had not even started on his piece. He looked at the brochure again. “WRITING COMPETITION！” the title read. His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition, and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays.‎ As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts, he realized how hopeless his task of winning was. Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories. He had little imagination, and unfortunately, imagination was the key to writing.‎ Suddenly, he had a brainwave. This time, he came up with an original and imaginative story.‎ The words shot towards him like a storm of leaves. Words were coming easily, flowing through him, faster than he could type. He typed faster than he ever had before. He continued to type, amazed how easy writing this story was. The boy could not stop writing. He looked at the word count and saw the number “248” staring right back at him. He was not even halfway yet.‎ Then he heard his mother’s call of saying time for bed. He continued writing the piece, ignoring her. He had to make up for the time he had lost in thinking about a topic to write.‎ Finally, he finished. The word count now read “498”．‎ ‎“Perfect，” he thought, “just under the word limit.” He knew this was the story that would win.‎ He went to the website and searched for the competition. He found the page but there was no “Enter” button.‎ Confused, he then reread the page again. It read COMPETITION CLOSED.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。小男孩坐在电脑前，冥思苦想地进行写作。他参加的是一个网络写作比赛，可是怎么也想不出写作主题。好一会儿后，他茅塞顿开，快速敲击键盘，可是等到他写好文章准备提交时，页面上却显示“COMPETITION CLOSED”。‎ ‎1．What caused the boy to take part in the writing competition?‎ A．A new computer.‎ B．The prize money.‎ C．His own interest.‎ D．His mom’s encouragement.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段尾句“His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition, and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays.”可知，他的妈妈鼓励他参加写作比赛，现在他把写作作为假期的个人任务；据此可知，他参加写作比赛是他妈妈鼓励的，故D项正确。‎ ‎2．How did the boy finish his earlier writing?‎ A．His mom helped him.‎ B．He copied others’ ideas.‎ C．His friends assisted him.‎ D．He used his imagination.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories.”可知，他之前写的每一个故事都是以其他故事为基础；据此可知，以前写作时，他总是仿照别人的故事写，故B项正确。‎ ‎3．Why did the boy delay his writing?‎ A．Because he was terribly lazy.‎ B．Because he didn’t know what to write.‎ C．Because he wasn’t confident.‎ D．Because he read too many stories.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He thought about what to write.”及第三段的内容“As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts, he realized how hopeless his task of winning was...He had little imagination, and unfortunately, imagination was the key to writing.”及倒数第五段尾句“He had to...write.”可知，想象力是写作的关键，而他又缺乏想象力；另外，由于他不知道写什么，所以他延误了写作时间，故B项正确。‎ ‎4．Which might be the maximum word limit for each entry?‎ A．100. B．250.‎ C．500. D．1，000.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第七段“Finally, he finished. The word count now read ‘498’．”可知，他写了498个词，终于完成了；结合第八段第一句“‘Perfect，’ he thought，‘just under the word limit.’”可知，他认为太完美了，刚好低于限定的词数；据此可以判断，文章的最高限定词数可能为500，故C项正确。‎ B ‎(2020·成都高三第一次诊断)Young trees don’t just grow；they ‎ develop a personality and learn more about their environment and how they should best behave in it. They also help each other out whenever there’s trouble.‎ Personality, just as among people, varies among trees. Some are anxious, some bold. On the author’s land，there are three oak trees growing close together. One of the oak trees always starts to shed its leaves two weeks earlier than the others. Since they all experience the same temperature，the same soil and the same length of day, such variables can’t be the explanation. So what’s happening？Well，this tree is simply more careful than the others. Whoever holds on to their leaves longer can do more photosynthesis(光合作用) and store more nutrients. However, the longer a tree keeps its leaves, the higher the risk of injury.‎ Not only do trees make their own decisions, they also learn from their mistakes. A tree, for example, keeping its leaves too long during one year will never make this mistake again. This leads to several other conclusions: trees must notice the temperature and the length of the day and be able to save their experiences somewhere. Obviously, trees don’t have brains, but it is thought that in the sensitive tips of their roots they keep track of information and experiences.‎ But trees aren’t only clever when it comes to caring for themselves. They also support each other whenever there’s trouble by giving warnings and even taking care of sick and weak conspecifics with nutrients. For example, one time the author found a very old tree stump. Its insides had rotted a long time ago to topsoil. But the wood on the outside of the stump was still living. How was this possible？Well, the stump was nourished by its neighbors with nutrients from the root system, and had been for at least 400 years!‎ Why do trees do__such__a__thing？It’s simple: it’s better together. Trees need the forest; it protects them from storms, provides the right microclimate and warns them of attacks.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树的智慧：每棵树都有它不同的个性，遇到困难时它们也会互相帮助。研究发现，树不但能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。‎ ‎5．Why does the author mention the three oak trees?‎ A．To illustrate trees can learn from experiences.‎ B．To show trees can make independent decisions.‎ C．To explain trees are quite supportive to each other.‎ D．To prove trees have the same personalities as humans.‎ B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第四句“One of the oak trees always starts to shed its leaves two weeks earlier than the others.”可知，三棵橡树中，有一棵总比其他两棵先落叶；结合第三段第一句“Not only do trees make their own decisions, they also learn from their mistakes.”可知，树木能自己做决定。据此可推知，作者提及三棵橡树旨在说明树木可以自己做决定，故B项正确。‎ ‎6．According to the text, which of the following best describes general features of trees?‎ A．Anxious and bold.‎ B．Smart and adventurous.‎ C．Helpful and wellbehaved.‎ D．Adaptable and supportive.‎ D　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Not only do trees make their own decisions, they also learn from their mistakes.”，并结合第三段内容可知，树木不仅能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。据此可推知，树木适应能力强。根据第四段第一、二句“But trees aren’t only clever when it comes to caring for themselves. They also support each other whenever there’s trouble by giving warnings and even taking care of sick and weak conspecifics with nutrients.”可知，树木不仅善于照顾自己，当遇到困难时，它们会发出警告，相互支持，甚至照顾生病、虚弱的同类；据此可推知，树木之间互帮互助，故D项正确。‎ ‎7．What does the underlined phrase “do such a thing” mean?‎ A．Give warnings. B．Offer assistance.‎ C．Depend on others. D．Provide nutrients.‎ B　解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段尾句“Well，the stump was nourished by its neighbors with nutrients from the root system, and had been for at least 400 years！”可知，树桩是由它的邻居从根处给予营养来滋养的；结合第五段第一句“Why do trees do__such__a__thing？”和其后的内容可知，该处表示“为什么树木要互相帮助？”，故画线短语是指提供帮助，故B项正确。‎ ‎8．Where does this text most probably come from?‎ A．A public lecture. B．A science book.‎ C．An experiment report. D．A travel journal.‎ B　解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树的智慧：每棵树都有它不同的个性，遇到困难时它们也会互相帮助。研究发现，树不但能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训。据此可推知，本文最可能选自科学书籍，故B项正确。‎ 七选五 ‎(2020·大连高三双基测试)Have you ever had times questioning yourself and feeling discouraged? If you answer yes, what you’ve experienced is negative selftalk. 1.________. You say to yourself untrue things like, “I’m not good enough. I’m a disappointment.” These false beliefs stop us in our tracks. So, how do you stop the negative selftalk?‎ ‎•2.________‎ Know you’re special. You are “One of a kind！” There is no other person that thinks exactly like you. When you begin to sincerely believe how special you are, it’s easier to fight the ‎ negative selftalk.‎ ‎•Change your associations Your negative selftalk comes from your environment. You didn’t just accidentally wake up one day thinking of bad things about yourself. It may be because someone, somewhere in your life has told you negative things about you and whether you accept it or not, you believe them. However, if you surround yourself with the right people, they will build you up, inspire you and make you feel better. 3.________．‎ ‎•Change your dialogue Read and say all the wonderful things about yourself at least 5 times per day. Look at yourself in the mirror and say, “I am amazing！”4.________， and you’ll believe you are awesome pretty soon.‎ Of course, there are other things to stop negative selftalk. 5.________， but if you are determined to think positively in every situation, that will bring a positive change in your life.‎ A．Think the same way B．Change is not easy C．Change your position D．It begins in your brain E．Change your state of mind F．You’ll seek out the right people to help change your thoughts G．You’ll start to believe the great things they tell you little by little ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何停止消极的自我对话。‎ ‎1．D　解析：空前一句是说如果你的答案是肯定的，那么你所经历的就是消极的自我对话。空后是说你对自己说一些不真实的情况，由此可推知，D项“它始于你的大脑”衔接上下文，符合语境。‎ ‎2．E　解析：根据文章结构和空处所处位置可知，空处为本段的小标题。本段内容都是在描述一个人好的心态的表现，故E项“改变你的心态”最能概括本段内容。‎ ‎3．G　解析：根据空前一句“然而，如果你结交了正确的人，他们会让你振作起来，激励你，让你感觉更好”可知，G项“你会开始逐渐地相信他们告诉你的美好的事情”衔接上文，符合语境。‎ ‎4．A　解析：空前一句是说看着镜子中的自己对自己说“我太棒了！”，空后是说你很快就会相信你很棒，由此可知A项符合语境。‎ ‎5．B　解析：空后表示“但如果你决心在任何情况下都积极思考，这将给你的生活带来积极的改变”。其中but为表转折意义的提示词，故B项“改变并不容易”符合语境，衔接下文。‎ 语法填空 ‎(2020·安徽省示范高中模拟)Proper exercise is beneficial to our health. As the experts say, swimming is an excellent way to work your entire body. An hour of swimming 1.____________(burn) almost as many calories as running. There are a host of benefits you may gain from swimming 2.____________(regular)．‎ One of 3.____________ biggest benefits of swimming is that it truly works well from head to toe. It can not only increase your heart rate without 4.____________(stress) your body, but also build up your muscles and 5.____________(strong). Besides, swimming makes your heart and lung strong. It is so good for you that researchers say it may even reduce your risk of death. 6.____________(compare) with inactive people, 7.____________(swim) have about half the risk of death. Some other studies have shown that swimming may help lower blood pressure and control blood sugar.‎ The number of persons 8.____________ experience some level of insomnia(失眠症) is increasing, so this is excellent news—the researchers conclude that swimming is a potentially powerful way to relieve stress quickly and promote deeper sleep.‎ Swimming is safe for most people. As with any workout, there are certain risks associated with swimming. If you 9.____________(injure) or have certain medical conditions, be sure to check with your doctor before swimming. 10.____________ general, it’s a good idea to check with your doctor whenever you start a new exercise program.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。游泳运动和跑步燃烧的卡路里相当，经常游泳的人获益良多，如可以增加心率，增强肌肉和力量，并能让心肺功能增强。‎ ‎1．burns　解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：游泳一小时几乎和跑步一小时燃烧的卡路里一样多。根据句意可知，此句陈述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时；且此句主语为“An hour of swimming”，属于第三人称单数，故谓语动词用burns。‎ ‎2．regularly　解析：考查副词。句意：经常游泳你将获益良多。空处修饰动名词“swimming”，故用其副词形式。‎ ‎3．the　解析：考查冠词。根据空后的“biggest”可知，空处应用定冠词the。‎ ‎4．stressing　解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词“without”可知，空处应用动名词形式。此处是说，游泳可以让身体在不紧张的情况下提高心率。‎ ‎5．strength　解析：考查名词。此处是说，游泳还可以增强肌肉和力量。根据空前的“your muscle”可知，空处用名词形式。‎ ‎6．Compared　解析：考查非谓语动词。此句的主语和动词compare之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，表示“与不活跃的人相比”，故用其过去分词形式。‎ ‎7．swimmers　解析：考查名词的单复数。句意：与不活跃的人相比，游泳者只有大约一半的死亡风险。分析句子结构可知，空处为此句的主语，表示“游泳者”，故用其名词形式；且swimmer为可数名词，而此处表示群体，故用其复数形式。‎ ‎8．who/that　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此句为定语从句，空处应为引导词，在从句中作主语，先行词为persons，故用who/that引导此定语从句。‎ ‎9．are injured　解析：考查被动语态。句意：如果你受伤或患某种疾病，在游泳前一定要咨询医生。分析句子结构可知，此句主语和动词injure之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。‎ ‎10．In　解析：考查固定搭配。in general为固定搭配，意为“总的来说，通常”。句意：通常，无论何时在开始新的锻炼项目之前，向医生核实一下是一个好方法。‎