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Module 3 The Violence of Nature
(主题语境——人与自然之灾害防范:安全常识与自我保护)
1.drought n. 干旱 2.sandstorm n. 沙尘暴
3.typhoon n. 台风 4.tsunami n. 海啸
5.landslide n. 山体滑坡 6.mudslide n. 泥石流
7.wildfire n. 野火 8.shortage n. 缺乏
9.destroy vt. 摧毁,破坏 10.disappear vi. 消失
11.threaten v. 威胁 12.predict vt. 预报,预言,预告
13.frighten vt. 使惊恐 14.consequence n.结果,后果
15.decline v. 减少,下降;衰退;谢绝
16.decrease v. 减少,减小,降低
17.harmony n. 和谐 18.uncertain adj. 不确定的
19.natural adj. 自然的 20.nature n. 自然;性质;种类
21.punish vt. 惩罚,处罚
22.punishment n. 惩罚手段;处罚
23.suffer vi. 受苦;遭受 24.proper adj. 适当的,合适的
25.surrounding adj. 周围的 26.survival n. 幸存;存活
27.survive v. 幸存 28.tolerate vt. 容许,允许;忍受
29.unbearable adj. 难耐的,无法接受的
30.unbelievable adj. 难以置信的
1.donate...to... 向……捐赠……
2.come to one's rescue 前来救某人
3.be trapped in ruins 被困在废墟中
4.rebuild one's home 重建某人的家园
5.have much to do with 与……有很大的关系
6.millions upon millions of 数百万
7.be/become aware of/that 意识到
8.from bad to worse 每况愈下
9.to make matters worse 使事情更糟糕的是
10.on account of 因为,由于
11.be faced with 面临
12.wipe out 彻底摧毁
13.recover from 从……中恢复
14.cut down 砍倒
15.volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事
16.bring...under control 对……加以控制
17.in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处
18.take measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事
19.as a result 结果,因此
20.do one's best 尽力
1.A severe earthquake destroyed almost everything, leaving badly damaged buildings.
一场剧烈的地震几乎毁了一切,留下了严重受损的建筑物。
2.Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.
有时候,微笑会如此有力量以至于它给遭受灾难的人以巨大的勇气。
3.The earthquake caused structural damage to most of the buildings in the town.
这次地震给城镇的大部分建筑造成了结构性的破坏。
4.The country has provided food and clothes for the homeless people in the disasterstricken areas.
这个国家已经为灾区无家可归的人们提供了食品和衣物。
5.It is wellknown that the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe mainly due to global warming.
众所周知,由于全球变暖,全球水资源短缺问题正变得日益严重。
单词巧练
写准并记牢
Ⅰ.识记单词
(一)会其形
1.disaster n. 灾难 2.flood n. 洪水
3.cause vt. 引起;导致 4.bury vt. 埋葬
5.occur vi. 发生
6.strike vt.& n. (雷电、暴风雨等)袭击
7.ruin vt. 毁坏 8.previous adj. 以前的
9.worldwide adj. 全世界的 10.active adj. 积极的;活跃的
11.damage n.& v. 损失;损害 12.earthquake n. 地震
(二)知其意
1.hurricane n. 飓风 2.lightning n. 闪电
3.thunderstorm n. 雷暴 4.tornado n. 龙卷风
5.current n. 海流;潮流 6.feather n. 羽毛
7.fur n. (动物的)毛皮 8.tropical adj. 热带的
9.wave n. 波浪 10.cemetery n. 墓地;公墓
11.ash n. 灰 12.volcano n. 火山
Ⅱ.拓展单词
1.experience vt. 经历;体验 n. 经历;经验→experienced adj. 有经验的
2.furniture n. 家具→furnish vt. 装备;配备
3.violent adj. 猛烈的;激烈的;强烈的→violence n. 暴力→violently adv. 猛烈地;激烈地;强烈地
4.erupt vt. (火山的)爆发;喷发→eruption n. (火山的)爆发;喷发
5.possibility n. 可能;可能性→possible adj. 可能的→possibly adv. 可能地→impossible adj. 不可能的
6.terrifying adj. 吓人的;可怕的→terrified adj. 感到害怕的;极度恐惧的→terrify vt. 使害怕;使恐惧
7.luckily adv. 幸运地;幸亏→lucky adj. 幸运的→luck n. 运气;幸运
8.thankfully adv. 感激地;满怀感谢地→thankful adj. 感激的;感谢的→thank vt.& n. 感谢;谢谢
9.hopefully adv. 满怀希望地;有希望地→hopeful adj. 有希望的→hope
v.& n. 希望;期望
10.sadly adv. 伤心地;不幸地→sad adj. 伤心的→sadness n. 悲伤
11.fortunately adv. 幸运地;幸亏→fortunate adj. 幸运的→fortune n. 运气;财富
12.warning n. 警告→warn v. 警告
高考与教材
1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Chris,you're an experienced (experience)
player,with a wonderful talent for volleyball.
2.(2019·北京卷)Another possibility (possible) is that when there is a lot of talent on a team,some players may make less effort.
3.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause).
4.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something occurred to me.
5.(2017·天津卷)I'm buried (bury) in the English novels every day, therefore I have made great progress in my English study.
6.(2016·北京卷)When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.
7.(2016·北京卷)Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public, I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. Luckily (luck), I discovered the job—Data Analyst—this month and have been going full steam ahead.
8.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ) Just before September, Miller was_struck (strike) by a car and lost his right arm.
1.以ing结尾的名词一览
①lightning 闪电
②warning 警告
③feeling 感觉;感情
④greeting 问候;致意
⑤suffering 痛苦;苦难
⑥training 训练;锻炼
2.各种“损害”多留意
①damage 损害
②destroy (彻底地)毁坏
③ruin (逐渐地)毁坏
④harm 损害
⑤injure 损害
⑥hurt 损害
3.后缀ly副词小结
①thankfully 感激地
②hopefully 满怀希望地
③bravely 勇敢地
④quietly 安静地
⑤similarly 相似地
⑥truly 真正地
短语巧练
写准并记牢
1.pick_up 卷起;拾起;搭载;(偶然)学会;获得;情况好转
2.end_up 结果为……;以……结束
3.set_fire_to 放火(焚烧)……
4.catch_fire 着火
5.put_out 扑灭(火);生产;制造
6.plenty_of 许多;大量
7.take_off 去掉;脱掉;起飞;腾飞;兴旺
8.on_average 平均起来
9.take_place 发生;进行
10.in_all 总共;总计
11.refer_to 指的是;谈到;涉及
12.put_down 记下;放下;镇压
高考与教材
1.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The trend,then,was toward the “penny paper”—a term referring_to papers made widely available to the public.
2.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Picking_up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene declared she had no plans to retire from her 36yearold business.
3.(2019·天津卷)A room inspection will take_place and you will be responsible for payment for any damage or missing items.
4.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)“Something's not right!” I took_off (脱下) my Tshirt and dived into the water.
5.(2014·四川卷) Soon the firefighters will come and put_out a fire.
1.fire相关短语大观园
①set fire to 放火(焚烧)……
②set...on fire 放火(焚烧)……
③catch fire 着火(表示动作)
④be on fire 着火(表示状态)
⑤put out the fire 扑灭火
⑥make/light/start a fire 点火;生火
2.all相关短语荟萃
①in all 总共;总计
②after all 毕竟
③above all 首先;最重要的是
④first of all 首先
⑤all in all 总的来说
⑥not at all 一点也不
3.“v.+off”短语速记
①show off 炫耀,卖弄
②turn off 关掉
③pay off 还清
④take off 起飞;脱掉
⑤put off 推迟
⑥give off 发出(光、热、气味等)
句式仿写
写准并记牢
1.leave+宾语+宾语补足语
They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
它们(龙卷风)能毁掉房子,却把房内的家具留在原处。
2.现在分词短语作结果状语
On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
平均来说,美国每年发生800次龙卷风,造成大约80人死亡,1 500人受伤。
3.there is/was the possibility of... 表示“有……的可能性”
When the lava reached the sea, there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island.
当岩浆涌进大海时,有可能引发巨大浪潮,足以淹没半个岛屿。
高考与教材
1.(2018·天津卷)我的孩子们打败了佐治亚最好的球队,这成为我生命中最令人激动的事情之一。
My boys beat the best team in Georgia, giving_me_one_of_the_greatest_thrills_of_my_life!
2.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)我所看到的与我过去所经历的完全不同,这种新奇让我想要更多。
What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past .This newness just left_me_wanting more.
3.(2016·浙江卷10月)几乎没有可能继续在黑暗中沿着小溪行走,但是简没有放弃。
There_was_little_possibility_of continuing walking along the stream in the darkness, but Jane didn't give up.
高频词汇精讲
1.strike vt.(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击;(灾难、疾病等)侵袭;爆发;突然想到;击中;敲(钟),报(时);擦燃(火柴);打动n.(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击;罢工
By the late 1890s,he had moved to Galveston,where he died in 1899,a year before the hurricane struck.
19世纪90年代后期,他迁到加尔维斯顿,于1899年在那里去世。第二年,飓风袭击了那里。
(1)strike sb.+介词+the+身体部位 打某人某处
sth.strikes sb.=sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事
It strikes sb. that.../It strikes sb. to do... 某人突然想到……
(2)be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
(1)单句语法填空
①A good idea struck (strike) me while I was walking along the river.
②It suddenly struck me that he was on business in Shanghai.
(2)句式升级
They were struck by the beauty of its buildings on their previous visit,so they decided to visit the small old town again.
→Struck_by_the_beauty_of_its_buildings_on_their_previous_visit,they decided to visit the small old town again.(过去分词短语作状语)
2.cause vt. 引起;导致;使遭受n.原因;事业;目标
Do you know anything about the events? For example, what causes them?
你了解这些事件吗?比如,什么引起的它们?
(1)cause sb.sth. 给某人造成某种结果
cause sb.to do sth. 导致某人做某事
(2)the cause of... ……的原因
cause and effect 因果;因果关系
(1)单句语法填空
①I still don't know what caused the computer to_crash (crash).
②A month had passed, but the government didn't find the cause of the mine accident.
(2)补全句子
①I hope the change will not cause_you_too_much_trouble.
我希望这种变化不会给你造成太多麻烦。
②That finding, though interesting, doesn't prove cause_and_effect.
这一发现,尽管有趣,但不能证明有因果关系。
3.bury vt.埋葬;掩埋;隐藏;使沉浸;使专心
The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan's coffin ended up in the sea.
掩埋科格伦的公墓被飓风所摧毁,他的棺材最后被卷入了大海。
bury one's head/face in one's hands 用手捂住头/脸
bury oneself in=be buried in 埋头于;专心于
be buried in thought 沉思
[联想发散] 表示“专注于,致力于,埋头于”的短语还有:
①be devoted to=devote oneself to
②be absorbed in
③concentrate on
④focus on
⑤fix one's attention on
⑥occupy oneself in doing/with=be occupied with
(1)单句语法填空
①The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, burying (bury) herself in the book.
②Buried (bury) in his study, he didn't realize that all the others had left.
(2)补全句子
She couldn't stand the pain so that she buried_her_face_in_her_hands and sobbed uncontrollably.
她忍受不了疼痛,以至于用手捂住脸不由自主地抽噎起来。
4.occur vi. 发生;出现;(想法、念头等)想起,浮现
Almost all of them occur in the US,in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.
几乎所有的龙卷风都发生在美国东南部的得克萨斯州到北部南达科塔州一带地区。
sth. occur(s) to sb. 某人突然想起某事;某事突然出现在某人头脑中
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that 某人突然想到……
It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事
单句语法填空
①The question occurred (occur) to me where we should go to get the car repaired.
②An idea occurred to me that I should turn to my former teacher for help.
③It never occurred to him to_ask (ask) anyone.
④Did it ever occur to you that you might be invited to the ceremony?
5.experience vt. 经历;体验;感受;遭受 n. 经历;经验
Do you know anyone who has experienced one of the events?
你认识经历过(以上)某一事件的人吗?
(1)with much/rich experience 具有丰富的经验
by/from one's experience 根据某人的经验看
have experience in... 有……的经验
(2)experienced adj. 有经验的,熟练的
be experienced in/at 在……方面有经验
[名师指津] experience作“经历”讲时,是可数名词;作“经验”讲时,是不可数名词,其前可以用little, much 等来修饰。
(1)单句语法填空
①After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences (experience) at school.
②As to the activities, we plan to invite experienced (experience) players to give training to us every Friday afternoon.
③In the last thirty years, our country has_experienced (experience) great changes.
④Robert is a worker with much experience, so it will make up for his lack of academic knowledge.
(2)一句多译
作为护士,她在照看孩子方面很有经验。
→As a nurse, she has_experience_in looking after children.
→As a nurse, she is_experienced_in/at looking after children.
6.end up 结果为……;以……结束
The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan's coffin ended up in the sea.
掩埋科格伦的公墓被飓风所摧毁,他的棺材最后被卷入了大海。
end up doing sth. 最终以做某事结束
end (up) in 以……告终;结果为……
end (up) with 以……结束(指以某种方式结束)
end up as 最终成为……
单句语法填空
①The lecture ended up with a poem of an ancient Chinese poet.
②As a child he wished to become a singer, but he ended up as a driver.
③Some people tried many ways to lose weight, ending up gaining
(gain) weight soon again.
④The children ended up in better schools and stayed out of trouble.
重点词汇点拨
1.pick up卷起;掀起;拾起;捡起;拿起;接收(信号);(偶然)学会;收拾;整理;(用车)接(人);(健康、生意等)好转;恢复;买到
写出下列句中pick up的含义
①The school bus picks up the children three times every day.(用车)接
②The equipment picked up the signal from the satellite.接收(信号)
③He picked up some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.(偶然)学会
④My friend began to pick up after staying in hospital for several days.好转,恢复
⑤The twin sisters were shopping for hours on Women's Day and managed to pick up bags of bargains.买到
2.写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
①Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves.家具
②But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.以前的
③Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.灾难
④Sugar occurs naturally in fruit.存在于
⑤The bank stepped in to save the company from financial ruin.破产
典型句式精析
leave+宾语+宾语补足语,They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
它们(龙卷风)能毁掉房子,却把房内的家具留在原处。
句中leave用作使役动词,表示“使/让……保持某种状态”,常跟复合宾语,具体构成如下:
(1)leave+宾语+名词/形容词/副词/介词短语
(2)leave+宾语+分词。宾语与宾语补足语之间如果是逻辑上的主动关系,用现在分词;如果是逻辑上的被动关系,用过去分词。
(3)leave+宾语+不定式
(4)leave+宾语+where引导的地点状语从句
(5)leave+宾语+as引导的方式状语从句
(1)单句语法填空
①Hearing the bad news, he hurried home, leaving the book lying (lie) open on the table.
②They covered him with a blanket, only leaving his eyes exposed (expose).
③She must have left the handbag where she often has a date with her boyfriend.
(2)补全句子
Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I
had_left_my_book_in_the_cafe.
就在我到达学校门口的时候,我意识到我把书忘在咖啡馆里了。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.In previous (以前的) time, I didn't realize how valuable his advice
was.
2.These chemicals have been found to cause serious environmental damage (损害).
3.One million and five hundred thousand people died in natural disasters (灾害) between 2000 and 2017.
4.Fortunately (幸运地是), I got the last ticket for Friday's concert.
5.She takes an active (积极的) part in all kinds of afterschool activities.
6.I accepted the invitation to my friend's birthday party hopefully (满怀希望地).
7.If you leave your work until the night before it's due, you give up the possibility (可能性) of getting input from your professor.
8.Rethinking about your hurt gives power to the person who caused (引起;导致) you pain.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Drawing back my free hand, I struck (strike) the bear as hard as I could for five or six times.
2.Didn't it ever occur to you what the source of this saying I just quoted is?
3.The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, which made us lie awake all night.
4.Britain in common with many other industrialized countries, has_experienced (experience) major changes over the last 100 years.
5.Mary worked here as a temporary secretary and ended up getting (get) a fulltime job with the company.
6.Overuse of computers will contribute to the failure of our eyesight, which is a warning (warn) to us all.
7.Anne says, “Kindness can build on itself as much as violence (violent) can.”
8.Hardly had I picked the phone up when I was told that the hotel had
been booked up.
9.These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing (cause) serious harm to life and the environment.
10.It's great that all the visitors who had_been_trapped (trap) on the island were saved.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1.The forest is easy to catch a fire in such dry weather.去掉a
2.They found the remains of buildings being buried under the sand.去掉being
3.He picked out English when travelling in America.out→up
4.Because they were to move to a new house, they bought a lot of furnitures.furnitures→furniture
5.Jumping out of an airplane at ten thousand feet is quite exciting experience.quite后加an
6.Two good bursts from the extinguisher (灭火器) and the fire was putting out.putting→put
7.How much time each day,on an average,does a 6 to 12yearold child spend on household chores?去掉an
8.It struck me when playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.when→that
9.Possible you drink too much or don't know how to control your credit card use.Possible→Possibly
10.The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows,made air conditioning unnecessary.made→making
Ⅳ.语段填词
1.As an experienced teacher, he is a leading figure in our school and has twenty years' teaching experience. (experience)
2.It struck me that the big tree measuring 10 meters high had been struck/stricken by lightning and was dangerous for us to go under it. (strike)
3.The village which was close to the storm center was left in ruins and the villagers' hope for a good harvest was_ruined. (ruin)
4.He warned me not to waste time, and I accepted his warning. This final exam is of great importance, so I will make efforts. (warn)
Ⅴ.完成句子
1.他从来没有想到他会在教学事业中获得如此巨大的成功。(occur)
It_never_occurs_to_him_that he would make such a great success in teaching career.
2.提到这件事,我禁不住想到开始上高中时所经历的事情。(experience)
When it comes to this, I can't help calling up what_I_experienced when I began my senior school.
3.面对日益增加的失业问题,大多数欧洲国家的许多人都举行了罢工。(strike)
Faced with the increasing unemployment, many people went_on_strike in most of the European countries.
4.请把这些工具用完后放到原处。(leave+宾语+宾语补足语)
Please leave_the_tools_where_they_were_after_using_them.
5.如果我们忽视我们的未来,就像图画中的这个人一样,我们就会以失败告终。(end up)
If we neglect our future, we'll end_up_in_failure as what happened to the man in the picture.
Ⅵ.微写作
某地区去年被飓风袭击,造成巨大损失,请你按以下写作要点写一篇短文介绍:
1.受灾情况;
2.营救措施。
注意:1.请根据以上要点写一篇100词左右的短文;
2.尽量使用本模块的知识点;
3.可适当增加细节。
It was last year that the people living in the area experienced a
terrifying hurricane. Sadly, the violent hurricane struck the area, causing great financial anti human losses.
Plenty of houses were ruined/damaged, which left many people homeless. What's worse, many roads were damaged, and a large area of the city was in blackout. Fortunately, no sooner had the disaster occurred than the local government took effective measures to rescue the people buried under the fallen houses. Thankfully, by the end of last night, workers had got the electricity back to normal.
Ⅶ.课文语法填空
Tornadoes,which are rotating columns of air from a thunderstorm to the ground,can cause much __1__ (destroy).On average,there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year.The worst one of all time occurred in 1925,__2__ (affect) three US states.By the time it __3__ (end),more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 __4__ (injure).
Hurricanes are strong tropical storms.There are __5__ (violence) winds of 120 kilometers per hour or more,__6__ cause huge waves,heavy rain and floods.The worst hurricane disaster occurred __7__ the 8th September 1900,when __8__ extraordinary event took place.Coghlan,a nineteenthcentury Irish actor,__9__ coffin was carried in the sea by the hurricane,had settled in Canada at first.Eight years after the hurricane,it was found near his home in the east of Canada.What an __10__ (amaze) experience!
1.destruction 2.affecting 3.ended 4.injured 5.violent 6.which 7.on 8.an 9.whose 10.amazing
学习至此,请完成课时作业15
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