冲刺2019年高考英语黄金考点解析解密14：阅读理解之推理判断题 33页

考点详解 ‎ 推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的设题。它包括判断和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。常见的题干有：‎ ‎ 1. It can be inferred from the text that…‎ ‎ 2. We can conclude that…‎ ‎ 3. When the writer talks about..., what he really means is that…‎ ‎ 4. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?‎ 从历年的高考阅读理解题分析来看，推理判断题所占的比例大概在7％-10％，一般可以归纳为五大题型：细节推断题、因果推断题、人物性格、预测想象推理题和写作意图推测题。下面就这五大类型的题目进行剖析：‎ 题型一 细节推断题：‎ ‎ 常见的设问方式：‎ ‎ It can be inferred from the passage/text that_________.‎ ‎ The author mainly suggests that ________.‎ ‎ It can be concluded from the passage that_______.‎ ‎ The writer implies but not directly states _______.‎ ‎ What does the author imply about newspapers?‎ ‎ 细节判断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。‎ 干扰项特点：‎ ‎ 1. 文章中直接用于表达细节的信息 ‎ 2. 文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论 ‎ 3. 与文章内容完全相反的结论 ‎ 4. 不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。 ‎ 解题技巧 ‎ 1. 要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。‎ ‎ 2. 要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。‎ ‎ 3. 注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。‎ ‎（2017·北京卷，A）‎ It was a cold March day in High Point, North Carolina. The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm. Eighth-grader Taylor Bisbee shivered(发抖) a little as she watched her teammate Paris White play. The two didn’t know each other well — Taylor had just moved to town a month or so before.‎ ‎ Suddenly, Paris fell to the ground,“Paris’s eyes rolled back,” Taylor says. “She started shaking. I knew it was an emergency.”‎ ‎ It certainly was, Paris had suffered a sudden heart failure. Without immediate medical care, Paris would die. At first, no one moved. The girls were in shock. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?”‎ ‎ CPR is a life-saving technique. To do CPR, you press on the sick person’s chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. Without oxygen the brain is damaging quickly.‎ Amazingly, Taylor had just taken a CPR course the day before. Still, she hesitated. She didn’t think she knew it well enough. But when no one else came forward, Taylor ran to Paris and began doing CPR. “It was scary. I knew it was the difference between life and death,” says Taylor.‎ Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down. One girl called 911. Two more ran to get the school nurse, who brought a defibrillator, an electronic devices(器械) that can shock the heart back into work. Luck stayed with them: Paris’ heartbeat returned.‎ ‎“I know I was really lucky,” Paris says now. “Most people don’t survive this. My team saved my life.”‎ Experts say Paris is right: For a sudden heart failure, the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.‎ Today, Paris is back on the softball team. Taylor will apply to college soon. She wants to be a nurse. “I feel more confident in my actions now,” Taylor says. “I know I can act under pressure in a scary situation.”‎ ‎56.What happened to Paris on a March day?‎ A. She caught a bad cold.‎ B. She had a sudden heart problem.‎ C. She was knocked down by a ball.‎ D. She shivered terribly during practice.‎ 题型二 预测推断题：‎ ‎ 常见的设问方式：‎ ‎ What do you think will happen when/if…?‎ ‎ At the end of this passage, the writer might continue to write _______.‎ ‎ The paragraph following the passage will most probably be about_______.‎ ‎ Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the following paragraph?‎ ‎ 有些内容文章中没有明确说明，这就要求考生根据语篇内容，对事件可能的结局或下一段可能涉及的内容等进行预测、推断。作这类题时考生应准确把握作者的写作思路，从而作出比较准确的、合情合理的猜测。‎ ‎ 解题技巧 做这类题时应把握作者的写作思路(如文章可能按事件发展的经过描写，也可能按因果关系、对比关系来叙述)，从而做出比较科学的、合情合理的预测。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ In 1971 we were living in Wichita, Kansas — Lincoln was about seven, Brendan was three and Kristen was a baby. Mom was staying with us during the holidays. On Christmas Eve I stayed up very late. I was totally alone with my thoughts, alternating between joy and sorrow, and I got to think about my paper route(送报), that tree, what my mother had said to me and how dad had tried to make things better.‎ ‎ I heard a noise in the kitchen and discovered that it was Mom. She couldn’t sleep either and had gotten up to make herself a cup of hot tea which made her feel better. As she waited for the water to boil, she walked into the living room and discovered me there. She saw my open Bible and asked me what I was reading. When I told her, she asked if I would read it to her and I did.‎ ‎ When the kettle began to whistle, she went and made her tea. She came back. I told her how happy I was that she was with us for Christmas and how I wished that Dad could have lived to see his grandchildren and to enjoy this time because he always loved Christmas so much. She went very quiet for a moment and then she said,"Do you remember that time on Twelve Mile Road when you bought that tree with your paper route money?"‎ ‎ "Yes,"I said,"I’ve just been thinking about it you know."‎ ‎ She hesitated for a long moment, as though something was bottled up so deeply inside her soul that it might take courage to get it out. Finally, great tears rolled down her face and she cried,"Oh, son, please forgive me. That time and that Christmas have been a burden on my heart for twenty-five years. I wish your dad were here so I could tell him how sorry I am for what I said."‎ ‎1. How many children did the author have?‎ ‎ A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.‎ ‎2. What do we learn about the author’s father?‎ ‎ A. He lived with the author.‎ ‎ B. He loved his grandsons.‎ ‎ C. He loved his wife deeply.‎ ‎ D. He had passed away.‎ ‎3. Why couldn’t the author’s mother fall asleep?‎ ‎ A. Because she needed to care for the children.‎ ‎ B. Because she remembered the previous thing.‎ ‎ C. Because she wanted the author to read for her.‎ ‎ D. Because she was unwilling to live with the author.‎ ‎4. What is likely to be described in the next paragraph?‎ ‎ A. How they would celebrate the Christmas.‎ ‎ B. How the author’s father supported the family.‎ ‎ C. What happened to the author’s parents in the past.‎ ‎ D. The reason for the author’s parents’ divorce.‎ ‎ 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。我和三个孩子以及我的母亲居住在一起。圣诞前夜,我熬夜未睡,意外发现母亲也未入睡,当我们回忆往事时,她失声痛哭。‎ ‎4. C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段母亲所说的话" That time and that Christmas have been a burden on my heart for twenty-five years. I wish your dad were here so I could tell him how sorry I am for what I said"可推 知,母亲想起了以前圣诞节的事,对自己所做的事感到难过;据此可以判断,下文将叙述发生在作者父母身 上的故事,故C项正确。‎ 题型三 文章来源或读者对象题：‎ ‎ 常见的设问方式：‎ ‎ This passage would most likely be found in _______.‎ ‎ The passage is probably taken out of ________.‎ ‎ Where is the passage most likely from?‎ ‎ 文章来源或读者对象推断题要求考生具备一定的常识。因此考生本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普知识、小说、童话、广告、教材、说明书、旅游指南、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能在做题时根据文章的特点选出答案。‎ ‎ Some of the best things in life don’t happen until you grow old enough to recognize them. I can say that about tea.‎ ‎ I didn’t start to drink tea until I was 35.The first time I felt a genuine urge to drink tea was in 2003, when I stayed briefly in the United Kingdom. After a time of consuming local food, I started to really like strong black tea.‎ ‎ I took packs of green tea with me as gifts but was disappointed to find my British friends preferred much stronger black tea from Sri Lanka. Later I learned that although people know China for its tea, it ranks only third among the world’s black tea exporters, after Sri Lanka and Kenya.‎ ‎ After I came back to China and started to cover food stories, I met friends in the tea-drinking circle and learned more. Although the majority of the rest of the world drinks black tea, which the Chinese call "red tea", China produces and drinks mostly green tea.‎ ‎ I feel lucky to be Chinese because of the great variety of tea available in the country. It is estimated that there are more than 2 000 tea in China if you divide them geographically, including more than 600 locally famous tea. A more simple way to categorize it is by color and extent of fermentation (发酵). That comes down to six main categories — green, white, yellow, dark greenish (oolong), red and black tea.‎ ‎ Tasting tea can be compared to our life. It can be plain and predictable but sometimes it is full of pleasant surprises. Occasionally it can even seem too good to be true. The best thing is, you know there’s always more to explore.‎ ‎1. Which country ranks first among the world’s black tea exporters?‎ ‎ A. China B. Sri Lanka ‎ C. Kenya D. United Kingdom ‎2. The writer of this passage works as a 　　　.‎ ‎ A. journalist B. manager ‎ C. scientist D. tea grower ‎3. Which is the most popular tea in the United Kingdom?‎ ‎ A. Black tea. B. Green tea.‎ ‎ C. White tea. D. Yellow tea.‎ ‎4. All of the following statements about tea in China are true EXCEPT 　　　.‎ ‎ A. varieties of tea is planted and produced each year in China ‎ B. tea in China can be divided into more than 2 000 categories geographically ‎ C. tea in China can be categorized by color and extent of fermentation ‎ D. all tea in China can be divided into six categories with no exceptions ‎5. What column does this passage belong to in a newspaper?‎ ‎ A. World. B. Business.‎ ‎ C. Lifestyle. D. Travel.‎ ‎ 【语篇解读】本文讲述了作者饮茶的经历与感受、中外饮茶习惯的不同以及中国茶叶的分类。‎ ‎3. A【解析】细节理解题。由文章第三段第一句中的"my British friends preferred much stronger black tea"可知, 在英国红茶受欢迎,所以选A。‎ ‎4. D【解析】细节理解题。由文章第五段中的"A more simple way to categorize it is by color and extent of fermentation (发酵). That comes down to six main categories"可知,按颜色和发酵程度可以把茶分为主要的 六类,而不是所有的茶都可以毫无例外地分为六类,所以选D。‎ ‎5. C【解析】文章出处题。本文讲述了作者饮茶的经历与感受、中外饮茶习惯的不同以及中国茶叶的分类, 以茶为主题,文章应该属于生活方式栏目,所以选C。‎ 题型四 写作意图推断题：‎ ‎ 常见的设问方式：‎ ‎ What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?‎ ‎ The purpose of the text is to get more people to _______.‎ ‎ The writer of the story wants to tell us that________.‎ ‎ The fact…is mentioned by the author to show________.‎ ‎ The author writers the last paragraph in order to ________.‎ ‎ 写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。‎ ‎ 一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。‎ ‎（2017·新课标全国卷Ⅱ·B）‎ ‎ I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film - it wanted somebody as well known as Paul - he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.‎ ‎ The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other - but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core(核心)of our relationship off the screen.‎ ‎ We shared the brief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back - he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.‎ ‎ I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.‎ ‎1. Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first?‎ ‎ A. Paul Newman wanted it.‎ ‎ B. The studio powers didn’t like his agent.‎ ‎ C. He wasn’t famous enough.‎ ‎ D. The director recommended someone else.‎ ‎2. Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?‎ ‎ A. They were of the same age.‎ ‎ B. They worked in the same theater.‎ ‎ C. They were both good actors.‎ ‎ D. They han similar charactertics.‎ ‎3. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?‎ ‎ A. Their belief.‎ ‎ B. Their care for children.‎ ‎ C. Their success.‎ ‎ D. Their support for each other.‎ ‎4. What is the author’s purpose in writing the test?‎ ‎ A. To show his love of films.‎ ‎ B. To remember a friend.‎ ‎ C. To introduce a new movie.‎ ‎ D. To share his acting experience.‎ ‎ 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者与Paul Newman之间的深厚友情。当制片人不想让我参演电影时，Paul Newman站出来为我说话，两人因此而建立了深厚的友谊。在此后的很多年里，两人一直相互扶持，相互鼓励，因此两人的深厚友情维系了很多年。‎ ‎3. A【解析】 细节理解题。根据“We shared the brief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back”，我们都有这个信仰：如果你有幸获得成功，你应该有所回馈。下文“he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival”是作者举的例子，因此“sharing that brought us together.”that指代前面提到的信 仰。故选A。‎ ‎4. B【解析】意图推断题。根据“I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what the deal was,and we didn’t talk about it”可知Paul已经去世了，再结合前文“I first met Paul Newman in 1968”，可推断作者非常怀念这位朋友。故选B。‎ 题型五 人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题 高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：‎ ‎（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。‎ ‎（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。‎ ‎（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。‎ 干扰项特点：‎ ‎ 1. 是自己的某种看法或观点 ‎ 2. 是社会的一种普遍种倾向 ‎ 3. 是与本文无关或与作者相反的观点或看法等 解题技巧：‎ ‎ 1. 问全文主体事物的(包括主题)，可以根据阐述主题或有关主体事物的相关句中表达感情色彩的形容词、副词或动词确定作者的态度；‎ ‎ 2. 如果问的是对某一具体事物的态度，则可以定位到具体相关句，然后确定答案。‎ ‎（2017·新课标全国卷Ⅲ·C）‎ ‎ After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.‎ ‎ Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.‎ ‎ The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations — major food sources (来源) for the wolf – grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation ‎ (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers.‎ ‎ As early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.‎ ‎ The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations are down, while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.‎ ‎1. What is the text mainly about?‎ ‎ A. Wildlife research in the United States.‎ ‎ B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.‎ ‎ C. The conflict between farmers and gray wolves.‎ ‎ D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.‎ ‎2. What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?‎ ‎ A. Tested. B. Separated.‎ ‎ C. Forced out. D. Tracked down.‎ ‎3. What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？‎ ‎ A. Damage to local ecology.‎ ‎ B. A decline in the park’s income.‎ ‎ C. Preservation of vegetation.‎ ‎ D. An increase in the variety of animals.‎ ‎4. What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？‎ ‎ A. Doubtful. B. Positive.‎ ‎ C. Disapproving. D. Uncaring.‎ 检测训练 题组一 真题在线 Passage 1 （2017·新课标全国卷Ⅰ·C）‎ ‎ Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO( United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.‎ ‎ Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.‎ ‎ It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.‎ ‎ “Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,” Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan. “What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and write anymore. It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”‎ ‎ Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost. “The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958. It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same,” says Moran.‎ ‎ Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “Just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,” says Moran. “For me, it’s the recontextualization. In music, where does the emotion(情感) lie? Are we, as humans, gaining any insight(感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues. Those are the things I want to foster.”‎ ‎1. Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?‎ ‎ A. To remember the birth of jazz.‎ ‎ B. To protect cultural diversity.‎ ‎ C. To encourage people to study music.‎ ‎ D. To recognize the value of jazz.‎ ‎2. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?‎ ‎ A. Jazz becoming more accessible.‎ ‎ B. The production of jazz growing faster.‎ ‎ C. Jazz being less popular with the young.‎ ‎ D. The jazz audience becoming larger.‎ ‎3. What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?‎ ‎ A. It will disappear gradually.‎ ‎ B. It remains black and white.‎ ‎ C. It should keep up with the times.‎ ‎ D. It changes every 50 years.‎ ‎4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ ‎ A. Exploring the Future of Jazz.‎ ‎ B. The Rise and Fall of Jazz.‎ ‎ C. The Story of a Jazz Musician.‎ ‎ D. Celebrating the Jazz Day.‎ ‎2. C【解析】推理判断题。根据前文Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations可知尽管UNESCO为爵 士乐设了纪念日，但美国的爵士乐听众依然在减少，并且年龄在老化，爵士乐没能将年轻一代人连接 起来。再结合It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that(是Jason Moran的工作是帮助改变那一情况) 可推测that指代的是前文中爵士乐在年轻一代人中失去吸引力的现象。故选C。‎ ‎4. A【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文可知本文主要讲UNESCO为提高人们对爵士乐的重视而设立爵士日， 但实际收效甚微。有人认为爵士乐应随着时代的进步而进步，否则将失去对人们的吸引力，因此本文 主要是探索爵士乐的未来，故选A。‎ Passage 2 （2017·新课标全国卷ⅠD）‎ ‎ A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇x5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.‎ ‎ To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole.‎ ‎ Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and ‎ weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup.‎ ‎ The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink.‎ ‎5. What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph?‎ ‎ A. It’s delicate. B. It’s expensive.‎ ‎ C. It’s complex. D. It’s portable.‎ ‎6. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to?‎ ‎ A. The tube. B. The still.‎ ‎ C. The hole. D. The cup.‎ ‎7. What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still?‎ ‎ A. Dig a hole of a certain size.‎ ‎ B. Put the cup in place.‎ ‎ C. Weight the sheet’s center down.‎ ‎ D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.‎ ‎8. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from .‎ ‎ A. the plastic tube B. outside the hole ‎ C. the open air D. beneath the sheet ‎5. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.可知制作蒸馏器的东西可以叠放在一个小包里，系在腰间，这说明制作蒸馏器的设备很轻 便，portable表示“轻便的；手提的”，故选D。‎ ‎7. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges ‎ of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock.可知最后一步是weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock(放一块石头在覆盖膜的中间，把它压下去)，故选C。‎ ‎8. D【解析】推理判断题。结合第四段中的Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup可知地下水蒸发，在覆盖膜上聚集起来， 直到形成小水滴落在杯子里，覆盖膜是在杯子上面的，水滴落入杯子里，所以水滴是凝聚在覆盖膜的 下面。故选D。‎ Passage 3 （2017·新课标全国卷Ⅲ·D）‎ ‎ The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.‎ ‎ Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.‎ ‎ Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.‎ ‎ These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”‎ ‎ “But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”‎ ‎ Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.‎ ‎ “For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.‎ ‎ “We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”‎ ‎9. What is the purpose of the Drivel AB?‎ ‎ A. To explore new means of transport.‎ ‎ B. To design new types of cars.‎ ‎ C. To find out older driver`s problems.‎ ‎ D. To teach people traffic rules.‎ ‎10. Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?‎ ‎ A. It keeps them independent.‎ ‎ B. It helps them save time.‎ ‎ C. It builds up their strength.‎ ‎ D. It cures their mental illnesses.‎ ‎11. What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?‎ ‎ A. Improve their driving skills.‎ ‎ B. Develop driver-assist technologies.‎ ‎ C. Provide tips on repairing their cars.‎ ‎ D. Organize regular physical checkups.‎ ‎12. What is the best title for the text?‎ ‎ A. A New Model Electric Car ‎ B. A Solution to Traffic Problem ‎ C. Driving Service for Elders ‎ D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road ‎11. B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后三段内容可知，研究人员希望能够通过研制一些司机辅助技术来 帮助老年司机延长驾龄、享受更多独立的生活。‎ ‎12. D【解析】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了科研人员通过把电动车改装成一款 ‎ “DriveLAB”来研究如何帮助 解决老年司机在开车时候遇到的问题，以便延长他们独立生活的时间，提高他们的生活质量。‎ Passage 4 （2017·江苏卷C）‎ ‎ A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry, urging antitrust(反垄断) regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants(巨头) that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable.‎ ‎ Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants’ success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery. Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free (users pay, in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too.‎ ‎ But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valuable, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies’ control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a "God’s eye view" of activities in their own markets and beyond.‎ ‎ This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves: in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is required — and as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out.‎ ‎ The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms’ data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags.‎ ‎ The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and give more to those who supply them. Companies could be forced to reveal to consumers ‎ what information they hold and how much money they make from it. Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users’ consent.‎ Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy. But if governments don’t want a data economy controlled by a few giants, they must act soon.‎ ‎13. Why is there a call to break up giants?‎ ‎ A. They have controlled the data market.‎ ‎ B. They collect enormous private data.‎ ‎ C. They no longer provide free services.‎ ‎ D. They dismissed some new-born giants.‎ ‎14. What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate?‎ ‎ A. Data giants’ technology is very expensive.‎ ‎ B. Google’s idea is popular among data firms.‎ ‎ C. Data can strengthen giants’ controlling position.‎ ‎ D. Data can be turned into new services or products.‎ ‎15. By paying attention to firms’ data assets, antitrust regulators could 　　　.‎ ‎ A. kill a new threat ‎ B. avoid the size trap ‎ C. favour bigger firms ‎ D. charge higher prices ‎16. What is the purpose of loosening the giants’ control of data?‎ ‎ A. Big companies could relieve data security pressure.‎ ‎ B. Governments could relieve their financial pressure.‎ ‎ C. Consumers could better protect their privacy.‎ ‎ D. Small companies could get more opportunities.‎ ‎ 【语篇解读】一种新的商品引发了高利润的、快速增长的产业,迫使反垄断管理者介入控制那些处于主导地位的公司。‎ ‎15. B【解析】考查推理判断。根据第五段可知,反垄断机构在考虑兼并时,通常根据规模来决定何时进行干预, 现在当评估这些交易的影响时,他们需要考虑到这些公司的数据资产的范围,再根据"The purchase price could...a new-born threat"可知,通过重视公司的数据资产,反垄断管理者可以避免规模陷阱。‎ ‎16. D【解析】考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段可知,放松网络服务商对于数据的控制,把更多的份额给数据提 供者,从而让小公司也有机会发展。‎ Passage 5 （2016·北京D）‎ Why College Is Not Home ‎ The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.‎ ‎ For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.‎ ‎ To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves ＂trying on＂ new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面)and personally. While we should provide ＂safe spaces＂ within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.‎ ‎ Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students ‎ rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.‎ ‎ Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.‎ ‎ It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents’ desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.‎ ‎ Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.‎ ‎17. What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?‎ ‎ A. Sympathetic. B. Disapproving. ‎ ‎ C. Supportive. D. Neutral.‎ ‎18. The underlined word ＂passage＂ in Paragraph 2 means___________.‎ ‎ A. change B. choice ‎ ‎ C. text D. extension ‎19. According to the author, what role should college play?‎ ‎ A. To develop a shared identity among students.‎ ‎ B. To define and regulate students’ social behavior.‎ ‎ C. To provide a safe world without tension for students.‎ ‎ D. To foster students’ intellectual and personal development.‎ ‎20. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?‎ ‎ A.            B. C.    D.‎ ‎ 【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。大学生走出了家门,还没有进入社会,因此他们的大学生活是从受家庭庇护到成为自主承担起成年人职责的人的一个过渡时期。但是随着手机、邮件和一些社交媒体的应用,大学生依旧受到家庭的管控和庇护。作者就这个现象探讨校方应该如何处理这个问题。‎ ‎19. D【解析】考查推理判断。题干的＂大学的角色＂是本文后面部分讨论的话题。第四段说,如果学生依靠 管理者来规范他们的社交行为和思维模式,他们就不能面对寻找自己身份带来的挑战(A错,应该是鼓励 他们finding an identity);第五段说,大学监管和塑造学生的行为表现会引起学生的反感(B错);最后一段说, 每个大学关于社会价值观、社会风气和行为的讨论应该注重学生的自主性和自我规范以及学生既要寻 求安全又想自我发现这二者之间的矛盾(C错,D正确)。‎ ‎20. C【解析】考查推理判断。本题考查对文章篇章结构的推断。本文一共有七段,第一段指出本文要讨论的 现象:现在的大学生活与以往不同,很多大学生没有承担起成年人的责任。第二段分析原因,后面探讨各方 ‎ Passage 6 （2016·浙江A）‎ ‎ ＂Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday?＂ Lindsey whispers to Tori.‎ ‎ With her eyes shining, Tori brags, ＂You bet I did. Sean told me two days ago.＂‎ ‎ Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happens to be yours truly, Adam Freedman. I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话). I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.‎ ‎ An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic — breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out — that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.‎ ‎ If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor(传言) can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the ＂in group.＂ In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感).‎ ‎ Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.‎ ‎ The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your ＂juicy story＂ might have.‎ ‎21. The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to __________.‎ ‎ A. introduce a topic B. present an argument ‎ C. describe the characters D. clarify his writing purpose ‎22. An important negative effect of gossip is that it _________.‎ ‎ A. breaks up relationships B. embarrasses the listener ‎ C. spreads information around D. causes unpleasant experiences ‎23. In the author’s opinion, many people like to gossip because it __________.‎ ‎ A. gives them a feeling of pleasure ‎ B. helps them to make more friends ‎ C. makes them better at telling stories ‎ D. enables them to meet important people ‎24. Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can ________.‎ ‎ A. provide students with written rules ‎ B. help people watch their own behaviors ‎ C. force schools to improve student handbooks ‎ D. attract the police’s attention to group behaviors ‎25. What advice does the author give in the passage?‎ ‎ A. Never become a gossiper. B. Stay away from gossipers.‎ ‎ C. Don’t let gossip turn into lies. D. Think twice before you gossip.‎ ‎ 【语篇解读】很多人都喜欢背后说人闲话。本文主要介绍了人们说闲话的原因以及说闲话给人们带来的影响。‎ ‎23. A【解析】考查细节理解。从第三段中的＂it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction＂和第五段中 的＂gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging...＂可知,很多人喜欢说闲话是因为他 们可以从中获得某种满足感,所以选A项。‎ ‎24. B【解析】考查细节理解。从全文倒数第二段中的＂Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a ‎ group＂可知,说闲话会帮助群体成员观察自身的行为习惯。所以选B项。‎ ‎25.D【解析】考查态度意识。从最后一段中的＂The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip...＂可知,作者建议我们在说闲话时要慎重考虑,所以选D项。‎ Passage 7 （2016·新课标全国卷ⅠB）‎ Grandparents Answer a Call ‎ As a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never planned to move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help with their children, she politely refused. Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms. Garza finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.‎ ‎ No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to adult children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study by grandparents.com, 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson’s decision will influence grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.‎ ‎ ＂In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,＂says Christine Crosby, publisher of Grand, a magazine for grandparents.＂We now realize how important family is and how important it is to be near them, especially when you’re raising children.＂‎ ‎ Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.‎ ‎26.Why was Garza’s move a success?‎ ‎ A. It strengthened her family ties. ‎ ‎ B. It improved her living conditions.‎ ‎ C.It enabled her to make more friends. ‎ ‎ D.It helped her know more new places.‎ ‎27.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinson’s decision?‎ ‎ A. 17% expressed their support for it. ‎ ‎ B. Few people responded sympathetically.‎ ‎ C.83% believed it had a bad influence. ‎ ‎ D.The majority thought it was a trend.‎ ‎28.What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?‎ ‎ A. They were unsure of themselves. ‎ ‎ B. They were eager to raise more children.‎ ‎ C.They wanted to live away from their parents. ‎ ‎ D.They had little respect for their grandparents.‎ ‎29.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?‎ ‎ A. Make decisions in the best interests of their own.‎ ‎ B. Ask their children to pay more visits to them.‎ ‎ C.Sacrifice for their struggling children.‎ ‎ D.Get to know themselves better.‎ ‎ 【语篇解读】祖父母搬去子女身边照顾小孩是如今的一种趋势,但这是否应该成为每一个祖父母的选择呢?‎ ‎28.C【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段的＂In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough...＂可知,20世纪60年代,人们想离开父母居住。故选C。‎ ‎29.A【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段＂Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your...may be harder＂可知,作者建议祖父母做决定时考虑他们自己的利益。故选A。‎ 题组二 名校模拟 Passage 1‎ ‎ ＂An apple a day keeps the doctor away＂ is a popular saying in the United States. It may be a common saying, but it is not scientifically confirmed. However, a new study adds to evidence that suggests taking a small amount of aspirin can help keep the doctor away.‎ ‎ Peter Elwood is with Cardiff University’s School of Medicine in Britain. Forty years ago, he was involved in the first study to explore the effects of aspirin on the prevention of heart disease. Elwood’s team examined 47 studies for evidence that aspirin helped cancer patients. They found there’s fairly consistent evidence of a 15 to 20 percent reduction in death and a reduction in cancer’s spread, by low dose(剂量)  aspirin. By low dose, he means 81 milligrams. The study followed cancer patients for five years. Elwood says the evidence is strong that aspirin delays death among cancer patients.‎ ‎ Elwood’s team are excited to have this evidence from the study. Elwood adds that it is not a cure but a small sign of better things to come, what he calls a little hope and encouragement. ＂If you asked me personally what I would do if doctors told me I had cancer, I would say I would have no hesitation in taking it. But I do not recommend it to people. I want them to have the evidence and make their own decisions.＂‎ ‎ The only major risk is that aspirin can cause stomach bleeding. But Elwood says it usually does not cause death. He adds that the evidence points to big health benefits of taking a daily aspirin. So, for some people, the pros might overweigh the cons.‎ ‎1. What does the author want to tell us in Paragraph 1?‎ ‎ A. Patients should eat apples. ‎ ‎ B. Apples are popular with Americans.‎ ‎ C. Aspirin can be good for health. ‎ ‎ D. Doctors should use aspirin instead of apples.‎ ‎2. What does Elwood suggest people do?‎ ‎ A. The less aspirin, the better.‎ ‎ B. Don’t delay in taking aspirin.‎ ‎ C. Taking aspirin is a better way to cure cancer.‎ ‎ D. Make decisions in the best interest of their own.‎ ‎3.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?‎ ‎ A. Aspirin is the best cure for cancer.‎ ‎ B. Taking aspirin won’t kill in the long run.‎ ‎ C. Taking aspirin does more good than harm.‎ ‎ D. The side effect of taking aspirin is strong.‎ ‎ 【语篇解读】文章介绍每天服用少量的阿司匹林对健康有好处，可以延缓癌症病人的死亡。‎ ‎ 故选C。‎ Passage 2‎ ‎ Do you hear that birds of a feather flock together? It certainly appears that they do. We are likely to hang around with individuals who are similar to ourselves. Poor people like to surround themselves with other poor people, and rich people with other rich people. Intelligent people associate with like-minded people, and artists typically seek out other artists.‎ ‎ It appears that we all have comfort zones we attempt to stay within. Very stressed and poor people don’t feel comfortable associating with rich people. We owe it to each other to be successful because success breeds more success. And if we are not feeling successful, looking at who we have as friends and associates can tell us and others a lot about ourselves and why. The longer we associate with a group of individuals, the more our thinking processes become like theirs.‎ ‎ A few years ago, a doctor friend of mine began associating with a new group of people. At the time, he had a successful practice and a positive and grateful attitude to life. However, within the first six months of his association with these individuals, his attitude and goals changed , he was angry at how things were and was dissatisfied with those who’d become his ‎ opposition. He became very stubborn. As a result his practice dropped in quality of service. His facial expressions often showed anger and stress.‎ ‎ After about two years of association with this group, he learned some valuable lessons. He realized that always focusing on problems or being dissatisfied with others doesn’t lead to a rewarding life, nor does it solve as many problems as it creates. He decided that he’d rather get back into serving his patients.‎ ‎ This doctor put his heart and soul into his practice, and his life changed again. He began to attract people who focused on solutions instead of problems. His success was now more obvious than his stress—his achievement more obvious than his frustration.‎ ‎ Whom we hang out with does make a difference. The old saying ＂If you want to soar (翱翔) with the eagles, don’t flock with the turkeys.＂ has a point.‎ ‎4.What does the underlined part ＂birds of a feather flock together＂ in Paragraph 1 mean?‎ ‎ A. Birds like to take a risk to fly high in the sky.‎ ‎ B. Birds are more likely to fly together than other creatures.‎ ‎ C. People are more likely to have different attitudes to life.‎ ‎ D. People of the same kind are found together.‎ ‎5.We can infer from the passage that the individuals the doctor hung out with were ________.‎ ‎ A. stressed B. successful ‎ ‎ C. patient D. rich ‎6.The author uses the old saying in the last paragraph to ________.‎ ‎ A. show his great literary talent ‎ ‎ B. make his article more persuasive ‎ C. raise another similar question ‎ ‎ D. suggest the end of his article ‎7.The author uses the doctor’s example to prove that ________.‎ ‎ A. bad luck never comes alone ‎ B. success breeds more success ‎ C. someone has no control over his own life ‎ D. people are likely to become like those who they associate with ‎ ‎ ‎【语篇解读】俗话说：物以类聚，人以群分，人们往往会和相处的人相似，所以我们要和积极的人在一起。‎ ‎6.B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子＂Whom we hang out with does make a difference.＂我们和谁 在一起很重要，然后用谚语If you want to soar (翱翔) with the eagles, don’t flock with the turkeys.证明他 的观点。故选B。‎ Passage 3‎ ‎ This month, the singing competition, American Idol, will come to an end. For years, the popular show was a platform for rising artists. With a group of famous judges and a wide range of talents, it is clear that the competitive atmosphere of American Idol will remain unrivaled by any other show. After all, its success has been ＂unmatched in broadcasting history.＂‎ ‎ American Idol came from the British series Pop Idol. Through an application, contestants came into the competition and thereafter, were chosen to audition(试音)for the show. Each candidate would have to perform a piece to the judges, and participate in a strict selection process. Not only would contestants have to sing in groups, they were sometimes tasked to perform pieces without musical instruments. At the end of this stage, only 24 o 36 artists were chosen to enter the semi-final stage. Soon, the fate of the contestants would be decided by the public. During the candidate’s live performance, a free telephone number was displayed on the screen for viewers to dial, to cast their vote. At the end of the night, only 13 lucky singers would be left in the competition; by the finals, only 8 contestants would remain. Finally, a runner-up(亚军)and a winner were announced every season. Though only the winner would receive a million dollar reward and a significant record deal, other contestants would have had a chance to be known by the public. As the famous producer Simon Cowell once said, ＂The point of the show is not to be mean to ‎ loser, but to find a winner.＂‎ ‎ As the final season of the program begins, past winners will return to the stage to say goodbye and a new winner will be announced. With amazing performances and an excellent cast of singers, the show’s conclusion will leave audiences nostalgic(怀旧的), but more satisfied than ever.‎ ‎8. Those who enter American Idol will _______.‎ ‎ A. share the one million dollar reward together ‎ B. be asked to perform in pairs in the semi-finals ‎ C. experience at least three rounds of performances ‎ D. have the chance to become famous even if they fail ‎9. Who play the most important roles in the finals of American Idol?‎ ‎ A. The audiences B. The past winners ‎ C. The judges D. The record companies ‎10. The author thinks the conclusion of American Idol will _________.‎ ‎ A. change its history B. be worth watching ‎ C. not be the last season D. pick her favorite singer ‎11. In which section of the newspaper may you probably find the passage?‎ ‎ A. Advertisement B. Finance ‎ ‎ C. Entertainment D. Business ‎ 【语篇解读】本文为说明文，介绍了很受欢迎的流行节目American Idol和它的比赛过程。‎ ‎9. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第六、七、八句话可知在决赛阶段起最重要作用的是观众，故选A。‎ ‎10. B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句话＂With amazing performances and an excellent cast of singers, the show’s conclusion will leave audiences nostalgic, but more satisfied than ever＂可知作者认为 the show’s conclusion值得观看，故选B。‎ ‎11. C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章可知本文介绍的是歌唱比赛节目，应属于娱乐类，故选C。‎ ‎ Passage 4‎ ‎ What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed at the entrance? Or the soft background music?‎ ‎ But have you ever notice the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop’s scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.‎ ‎ A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers’ intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.‎ ‎ When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brand’s success as the quality of its window displays and goods on sale. That is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.‎ ‎ Now the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce)has opened up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar shops(实体店)can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination. And scent is just one way to achieve this.‎ ‎ Now, a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey into the store’s windows to smell books, pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.‎ ‎12. According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand store?‎ ‎ A.Friendly assistant. ‎ ‎ B.Unique scents.‎ ‎ C.Soft background music ‎ ‎ D.Attractive window display.‎ ‎13. E-shops are mentioned in the passage to _______ .‎ ‎ A. show the advantages of brick-and-mortar stores ‎ B. urge shop assistants to change their attitude ‎ C. push stores to use sights and sounds ‎ D. introduce the rise of e-commerce ‎14. Which statement would the writer agree with?‎ ‎ A.Put different shop on the products on display.‎ ‎ B.Ask every shop assistant to wear light perfume.‎ ‎ C.Place fragrant flowers in the shop ‎ D.Expose some coffee bean to air inside a coffee shop.‎ ‎15. The main purpose of the passage is to ______ .‎ ‎ A. compare and evaluate ‎ ‎ B. examine and assess ‎ C. inform and explain ‎ ‎ D. argue and discuss ‎ 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了采用香味提高销售量的理念。文章讲述了香味对于传统实体店的影响。各大品牌店都加强了味觉对顾客消费欲求的刺激，并根据商品不同调节香味。‎ ‎14. D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段的句子＂A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air.＂可知，作者认为气味在商店的成功方面起着重要的作用，所以他 认为咖啡店应该将咖啡豆暴露于空气中。故选D。‎ ‎15. C【解析】主旨大意题。这篇文章主要是告诉读者香味对购物心理的影响，所以重在介绍和解释香味对 于实体店的影响。故选C。‎