2020届一轮复习译林版选修六Unit4Helpingpeoplearoundyou单元学案设计（62页） 62页

‎2020届一轮复习译林版选修六Unit4Helping people around you 单元学案设计 单元话题阅读 All around the world，an increasing number of people are spending their time taking part in online volunteering projects.What encourages them to help strangers without expectation of money or even thanks?‎ Radha Taralekar helped teach Imelda how to protect herself from HIV，though the two have never met，and neither knows the other’s name.Taralekar received no payment for the job.For Taralekar，the project gave her the chance to use her professional experience.“I want to serve people with my medical knowledge，” she said.For some，the inspiration to volunteer online is far more personal.After losing his wife to cancer，Tony Selman spent many hours online helping Cancer Research to collect information on the illness.“Seeing how painful she was when my wife was dying，I decided to help scientists find a way to treat cancer，” he said.‎ Interests and hobbies are also one of the reasons.Sam Luk joined other online volunteers to try to help the police solve murder cases.The police posted them online，calling for volunteers to help them to make sense of the messages.“I am interested in this and I love Sherlock Holmes，” said Luk.‎ For writer Clay Shirky，some large online volunteering projects help millions of people，giving him a sense of achievement.He helps write Wikipedia，the world’s biggest encyclopedia(百科全书)，which is written by people willing to use their professional knowledge.‎ 阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)‎ ‎1．We can know that Radha Taralekar may be a doctor.(T)‎ ‎2．Tony Selman decided to help Cancer Research because his wife died of cancer.(T)‎ ‎3．Sam Luk volunteered to help the police because of his duty of work.(F)‎ ‎4．There are four reasons why people help strangers online mentioned in the text.(T)‎ Period One　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Prereading ‎ ‎ 匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思 ‎[第一组]‎ ‎1．lack　　　　　 A．令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的 ‎2．ambassador B．描写(文字)，形容，说明 ‎3．description C．缺乏 ‎4．political D．政治的；政府的 ‎5．worthy E．大使 答案　1.C　2.E　3.B　4.D　5.A ‎[第二组]‎ ‎6．victim A．增加；添加 ‎7．addition B．平等的；同等的 ‎8．equal C．志愿的；自愿的，主动的 ‎9．voluntary D．受害者 ‎10．contribute E．捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致 答案　6.D　7.A　8.B　9.C　10.E ‎[第三组]‎ ‎11．acquire A．紧急的，紧迫的 ‎12．expand B．重要的；令人愉快的；值得花时间 ‎13．worthwhile C．饥饿；挨饿；饿死 ‎14．urgent D．扩展，发展(业务)；扩大，增强 ‎15．starvation E．购得；获得，得到 答案　11.E　12.D　13.B　14.A　15.C ‎[第四组]‎ ‎16．boil A．售得，卖得(某价)；取来，去拿来 ‎17．carpet B．(羊等的)绒，毛 ‎18．wool C．出口，输出；出口产品，输出品 ‎19．fetch D．地毯 ‎20．export E．沸腾，煮沸；烹煮 答案　16.E　17.D　18.B　19.A　20.C ‎ ‎ Step 1　Fastreading Ⅰ.Match the main idea with each part.‎ Part 1(Paras.1～3)　 A．The problems the UN helps to solve and the goals they will achieve.‎ Part 2(Paras.4～5) B．The author likes to work as a UN Goodwill Ambassador and a brief ‎ introduction to the UN.‎ Part 3(Para.6) C．The work which the author has been doing with the UN.‎ 答案　1.B　2.C　3.A Ⅱ.True(T) or False(F)．‎ ‎1．The UN was set up in November 1945.(F)‎ ‎2．The UN’s work involves assisting the victims of wars and disasters.(T)‎ ‎3．The writer’s work in the UN involves visiting countries where the UN has programmes to help people.(T)‎ ‎4．With the work of the UN，the world has ended all of the horrible conflicts.(F)‎ Step 2　Carefulreading ‎1．Which of the following is NOT the UN’s main purpose?‎ A．To keep international peace.‎ B．To develop friendly relationships among nations.‎ C．To work together in solving international political conflicts and in promoting respect for human rights.‎ D．To be a centre of economy and culture in the world.‎ 答案　D ‎2．Where do the UN soldiers come from?‎ A．Every country in the world.‎ B．Different countries that belong to the UN.‎ C．The developed countries.‎ D．The developing countries.‎ 答案　B ‎3．Which of the following is TRUE about the writer’s work in the UN?‎ A．It is well paid.‎ B．It involves taking part in peacekeeping operations.‎ C．It involves visiting countries where the UN has programmes to help people.‎ D．It involves teaching women in South Africa to make baskets.‎ 答案　C Step 3　Postreading After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.‎ The UN—bringing everyone closer together When was it set up After the Second World War in 1.October 1945.‎ Countries in the UN •(originally) 51 countries ‎•(recently) 2.192 countries Problems it deals with •helps 3.end some of the world’s most horrible conflicts ‎•4.assists the victims of wars and disasters ‎•protects human rights ‎•5.improves international laws ‎•helps countries with other problems such as lack of education,6.starvation，disasters，AIDS and other diseases Its four main functions •to keep international peace ‎•to develop friendly 7.relationships among nations ‎•to work together in solving international 8.political conflicts and in promoting respect for human rights ‎•to be a centre for organizing the actions or work of different nations Goals it promises to achieve by 2015 Eight goals，one of which is to ensure that fresh drinking water is 9.available to everyone and another is that all children 10.complete primary education.‎ Step 4　Sentencelearning ‎1．The UN is an international organization made up of countries that want to promote world peace.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[自主翻译]　联合国是由希望促进世界和平的国家组成的国际组织。‎ ‎2．Being a Goodwill Ambassador means that I visit countries where the UN operates programmes to help people.‎ ‎[句式分析]　该句的主语是动名词短语Being a Goodwill Ambassador，谓语是means，that引导的从句是宾语从句，且该从句中包含一个where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词countries。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　作为一名亲善大使意味着我要访问联合国实施扶助项目的国家。‎ ‎3.My job with the UN is not paid but voluntary，and as I said before，I visit countries where the UN has programmes to help people.‎ ‎[句式分析]　句中and作并列连词，连接两个并列分句；第一个分句为简单句My job with ...voluntary，第二个分句为复合句，句子主干为I visit countries ...，其中as引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整句话 的内容，where引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词countries。‎ ‎[自主翻译]　我在联合国做的工作不是有偿的，而是自愿的，正如我以前所说的那样，我要访问联合国实施扶助项目的国家。‎ ‎4．Recently，I was fortunate enough to travel to South Africa，where I met some women who have organized themselves into a group.‎ ‎[句式分析]‎ ‎ ‎ ‎[自主翻译]　最近，我很幸运地去了南非，在那里我见到了一些妇女，她们自发组成了一个团体。‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Once again，I was in a new school.So was a girl in my class named Paris.That’s where the similarities ended.‎ I was tall and she was short.I was one of the oldest in the class while she was the youngest.I was awkward(笨拙的) and shy.She wasn’t.I couldn’t stand her，considering her my enemy.But she wanted to be friends with me.‎ One day，she invited me over and I said yes—I was too shocked to say no.Actually no one had invited me over to play before.But this girl，who wore the latest fashions，wanted to see me.‎ She lived on the fourth floor in a tworoom place with her mother，her stepfather，her two brothers and her sister.When we got to the room she shared with her sister，she took out a big case of Barbies which was my next surprise.I would have thought she’d outgrown(长大而放弃) them.I had never played with them.But we sat on the floor of a walkin cupboard laughing as we made up crazy stories about the Barbies.That’s when we found out that we both wanted to be writers when we were older.We both had wild imaginations.‎ We had a great day that afternoon.Our jaws(下巴) ached from laughing so much.She showed me her outfits(全套服装)，which had mostly come from a designer clothing store(时装设计店) down the block.The woman who owned it used her as a model sometimes for her newspaper ads and gave her clothes in exchange.‎ Paris had the whole neighborhood attracted.The bookstore owners lent her fashion magazines，the movie theater gave her free passes and the pizza place let her have free pieces.Soon I was included in her magic world.We slept over at each other’s houses，and spent every free moment together.My dark hair grew out and I learned to love being tall.‎ Paris，my first real friend since childhood，helped me get through the tough teenage years and taught me an amazing thing about making friends：your “worst enemy” can turn out to be your best friend.‎ 语篇解读　作者回忆了转学后，与女同学帕丽斯由相识、敌对到和睦相处，最后成为最要好的朋友的过程以及作者内心的感受。‎ ‎1．Which of the following is most probably the best title?‎ A．A Story About Paris B．An Unlikely Best Friend C．Life in a New School D．A Secret of How to Make Friends 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。作者在文中回忆了最初结识帕丽斯的时候，由于各方面存在差异而觉得不能忍受她，把她当成自己的敌人，到后来她们却成了最要好的朋友。故选B。‎ ‎2．The writer and Paris were similar in that .‎ A．both of them were new students B．both of them were friendly C．both of them were tall D．both of them were the youngest in class 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。从第一段中的“Once again，I was in a new school.So was a girl in my class named Paris.”可以看出她们的相似之处在于两人都是这所学校的新生。故答案为A。‎ ‎3．In the article the writer describes Paris as a girl who was .‎ A．awkward and shy B．fashionable and proud C．quiet and lonely D．friendly and lovely 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。从第二段对两人的对比及下文对帕丽斯的描述中可以看出，帕丽斯跟作者(“awkward and shy”)不同，她既友善又可爱。‎ ‎4．From the article，we can see that through her friendship with Paris，the writer .‎ A．found she and Paris had more similarities than differences B．was able to fit in at her new school with Paris’ help C．was not so awkward or shy as before D．learned more about fashion herself 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。从倒数第二段最后一句“My dark hair grew out and I learned to love being tall.”可以看出，和帕丽斯的友谊对作者帮助很大，作者不再像以前那样害羞了。故选C。‎ B Cassie Thomas thought she was just meeting with the media(媒体) at her lunch break.Instead，the nurse at Janet Weis Children’s Hospital near Danville got a surprise party from her workmates.It was her first day back to work after a family vacation in Clearwater，Florida，and what a vacation it was!‎ ‎ ‎ ‎“Just as I looked up，there was a big pink lightning that just came down and hit the beach，” Cassie said.‎ Cassie，her husband，and their two daughters were on their hotel balcony(阳台) last week when they heard and saw the storm.After Cassie saw the lightning，she saw two boys lying on the beach.So，she shouted at them.“One boy sat up and just started shouting back，and I said，‘Jay，call 911；I’m going.’” Cassie said.So the 31yearold nurse sprang into action.She ran down 16 flights of stairs onto the beach where she found the two boys，Jansen and Cameron，who are from North Carolina.Cameron had no heartbeat.‎ ‎“I rolled Cameron over and I just started compressing(按压)，” Cassie said.She didn’t realize it at the time，but she was risking her own life to save the teenage boys.‎ ‎“My daughters were on the balcony and it was a very dangerous situation to put myself in.I just wished to be safe because I was doing，” Cassie said.“It just goes to her character to help others.And you know what？When it’s your kid，you’d want someone to be coming in and saving his life，” one of her workmates said.‎ Cassie was there when Cameron got off the hospital，“He just said，‘Thank you；thank you；thank you.’He gave me so many hugs，” Cassie said.“A nurse never truly goes on vacation.I just keep telling everybody the same thing.It’s just what you do.”‎ Cassie and two other people got Good Samaritan Awards(奖) from the Clearwater Police Department for saving Cameron’s life.Cassie’s workmates said they couldn’t be any prouder of this lifesaving nurse.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一名护士在度假期间不顾个人安危救了被闪电击中的男孩的事件。‎ ‎5．Why did Cassie’s workmates give her a surprise party?‎ A．To welcome her back to work.‎ B．To see her off for her vacation.‎ C．To honor her for her heroic rescue.‎ D．To congratulate her on the interview.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。由下文内容可知，凯西救了两个男孩，再根据最后一段最后一句“Cassie’s workmates said they couldn’t be any prouder of this lifesaving nurse.”可知，凯西的同事们为她救人的事迹而感到自豪。由此可知，同事们为凯西举办惊喜派对是为了表彰她英勇救人的行为。‎ ‎6．What happened to the boys?‎ A．They were drowned at sea.‎ B．They were hit by lightning.‎ C．They fell down from the balcony.‎ D．They were stricken by a storm.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“a big pink lightning that just came down and hit the beach”可知，闪电袭击了沙滩，再由第三段中的“...she saw two boys lying on the beach”可知，沙滩上的两个男孩被闪电击中了。‎ ‎7．What did Cassie do when she saw the two boys?‎ A．She called 911.‎ B．She took them to hospital.‎ C．She jumped into the sea to save them.‎ D．She gave first aid treatment to one of them.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Cameron had no heartbeat.”及第四段中的“I just started compressing(按压)”可知，其中一个男孩没有心跳了。凯西立即按压了男孩的胸膛来实施心脏复苏术，即对其中一个男孩进行了急救。‎ ‎8．What did Cassie mean by saying “A nurse never truly goes on vacation”？‎ A．Nurses have no time to go on vacation.‎ B．Nurses are ready at all times to help others.‎ C．Nurses have never got a chance to go on vacation.‎ D．Nurses may be called back to work during vacation.‎ 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。通读全文可知，凯西在度假时救了两个男孩，由此可推知她的意思是身为一名护士，当遇到有人需要急救的情况时，她会时刻准备着施以援手，这也是她的职责所在，所以事实上护士是没有绝对的假期的。‎ C Like many new graduates，I left university full of hope for the future but without real idea of what I wanted to do.My degree，with honours，in English literature had not really prepared me for anything practical.I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow，but I had no idea how to do that.That’s when I learned about the Lighthouse Project.‎ I started my journey as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers.I knew there would be a lot of hard work，and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time.In short，I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly.Neither did my family.‎ Eventually，however，I won the support of my family，and I sent in all the paperwork needed for the application.After countless interviews and presentations，I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone.Several months later，I finally received a call asking me to report for the duty.I would be going to a small village near Abuja，Nigeria.Where？What？Nigeria？I had no idea.But I was about to find out.‎ After completing my training，I was sent to the village that was small and desperately in need of proper accommodation.Though the local villagers were poor，they offered their homes，hearts，and food as if I were their own family.I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse.For the next year or so，I taught in that same schoolhouse.But I sometimes think I learned more from my students than they did from me.‎ Sometime during that period，I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did，though I did not get anywhere with the local language，and I returned to the United States a different man.The Lighthouse Project had changed my life forever.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者经过重重选拔成为灯塔计划的志愿者的经历，作者从中学到了许多东西，从而改变了作者的人生。‎ ‎9．According to Paragraph 2，it is most likely that the author .‎ A．discussed his decision with his family B．asked previous volunteers about voluntary work C．attended special training to perform difficult tasks D．felt sad about having to leave his family and friends 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“In short，I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project lightly.Neither did my family.”可推知，作者与家人讨论了他申请灯塔计划的决定。‎ ‎10．In his application for the volunteer job，the author .‎ A．participated in many discussions B．went through challenging survival tests C．wrote quite a few papers on voluntary work D．faced strong competition from other candidates 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“After countless interviews and presentations，I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone.”可知，在经过了无数次的面试之后他从众多面试者中脱颖而出，也就是说，为了这份工作，他面临着非常激烈的竞争。‎ ‎11．On arrival at the village，the author was .‎ A．asked to lead a farming team B．sent to teach in a schoolhouse C．received warmly by local villagers D．arranged to live in a separate house 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Though the local villagers were poor，they offered their homes，hearts，and food as if I were their own family.”可知，虽然村民们很穷，但是他们给作者提供了住所、真情和食物。说明作者受到了村民的热烈欢迎。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 Kids and Food：Advice for Parents It is important for parents to know how to help their kids eat healthily.Here are a few easy ways：‎ Parents control the supply lines.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 12 Though kids may keep asking for less nutritious(有营养的) foods，parents should decide which foods are regularly provided in the house.Kids won’t go hungry.They’ll eat what’s available in the fridge at home.‎ Say goodbye to the “cleanplate club”．‎ ‎ 13 Lots of parents grew up under the cleanplate rule，but that way doesn’t help kids listen to their own bodies when they are full.When kids feel full，they’re less likely to overeat.‎ ‎　14　‎ Food preferences are developed early in life，so try to offer different kinds of foods.Likes and dislikes begin forming even when kids are babies.Parents may need to serve a new food on several different occasions for a child to accept it.‎ Food is not love.‎ Find better ways to say “I love you”．When foods are used to reward kids and show love，they may start to turn to food when feeling worried or unhappy. 15 ‎ Kids do as you do.‎ ‎ 16 When trying to teach good eating habits，try to set the best example.Choose nutritious foods，eat at the table，and don’t forget breakfasts.‎ A．Start them young.‎ B．Rewrite the kids’ menu.‎ C．Be a role model and eat healthily yourself.‎ D．Offer praise and attention instead of food treats.‎ E．Let kids stop eating when they feel they’ve had enough.‎ F．You decide which foods to buy and when to serve them.‎ G．Let kids choose what to eat and how much of it they want.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。作者向父母们提出了几点建议以确保孩子们吃得健康。‎ ‎12．答案　F 解析　由该段标题“Parents control the supply lines.”和文中的“parents should decide...in the house”可知F项内容符合此处语境。‎ ‎13．答案　E 解析　由该段标题“Say goodbye to the ‘cleanplate club’”和文中的“that way doesn’t help...when they are full ‎”可知，如果孩子感觉吃饱了就不要再强迫他们非得把盘子里的食物吃光，这样对身体不好，故选E项。‎ ‎14．答案　A 解析　本段主要是说要帮助孩子从小养成不挑食的好习惯，故用A项作为小标题最恰当。‎ ‎15．答案　D 解析　由该段标题“Food is not love.”和文中的“When foods are used...feeling worried or unhappy.”可知，作者建议不要用食物作为奖励，而是应该给予表扬和关注，故选D项。‎ ‎16．答案　C 解析　由该段标题“Kids do as you do.”和文中的“When trying to teach good eating habits，try to set the best example.”可知，要想培养孩子良好的饮食习惯，父母首先得以身作则，故选C项。‎ Period Two　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.写出下列词汇的汉语意思(共10题；每题1分，满分10分)‎ ‎1．ambassador n．大使 ‎2．Goodwill Ambassador n．亲善大使 ‎3．description n．描写(文字)，形容，说明→describe vt.描述 ‎4．political adj.政治的；政府的→politics n．政治 ‎5．victim n．受害者 ‎6．addition n．增加；添加→add vt.增加；添加 ‎7．starvation n．饥饿；挨饿；饿死→starve v．饥饿；挨饿；饿死 ‎8．boil vt.& vi.沸腾，煮沸；烹煮 ‎9．carpet n．地毯 ‎10．wool n．(羊等的)绒，毛 Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共10题；每题2分，满分20分)‎ ‎11．lack n．& vt.缺乏 ‎12．worthy adj.令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的 ‎13．equal adj.平等的；同等的n.同等的人；相等物vt.与……相同或相等→equality n．平等；相等 ‎14．voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的，主动的→volunteer n．志愿者 ‎15．contribute vt.& vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致→contribution n．贡献；捐赠 ‎16．acquire vt.购得；获得，得到 ‎17．expand vi.& vt.扩展，发展(业务)；扩大，增强 ‎18．urgent adj.紧急的，紧迫的→ urgency n．紧急情况 ‎19．fetch vt.售得，卖得(某价)；取来，去拿来 ‎20．export n．出口产品，输出品；出口，输出 vt.& vi.出口，输出 Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共15题；每题2分，满分30分)‎ ‎21．refer to谈及，提到；涉及；查阅，参考；指的是 ‎22．take on接纳；承担；雇用；呈现 ‎23．set up建立，成立；竖起，搭建 ‎24．in addition除……以外(还)，此外 ‎25．work on从事，忙于 ‎26．draw someone’s attention to引起某人对……的注意 ‎27．under the umbrella of在……的保护下，在……的管理下 ‎28．apart from除……之外 ‎29．be available to可被……利用或得到的 ‎30．look up查阅；抬头看 ‎31．have a chance to do sth.有机会做某事 ‎32．provide for sb.为某人提供生活所需 ‎33．get hold of得到；抓住 ‎34．remind sb.of使某人想起；提醒某人 ‎35．make a difference有影响；起作用 Ⅳ.完成句子(共5题；每题8分，满分40分)‎ ‎36．This land was difficult to farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.‎ 这块地曾经很难耕种，但现在可以抽水灌溉了。‎ ‎37．I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations，or the UN，as it is more often referred to.我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，联合国也叫UN——这个名称更常用。‎ ‎38．I feel very honoured to have been able to take on this role.能够担任这个角色，我感到非常荣幸。‎ ‎39. As you know，the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.‎ 如你所知，联合国触及世界各地人民的生活。‎ ‎40．Now let me tell you about the work I have been doing with them.‎ 现在我要跟大家谈谈我一直在联合国所做的工作。‎ ‎ ‎ 重点词汇 ‎ When there is a lack of food，there is hunger.‎ 当粮食缺乏时，就会有饥饿(发生)。‎ lack n．& vt.缺乏 ‎※(a) lack of缺少……‎ for/through lack of因缺少……‎ lack (for) sth.缺少某物 ‎※lacking adj.缺乏的；不足的；没有的 be lacking in在……方面缺乏 ‎(1)More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities for/through lack of space(因为缺乏空间)．‎ ‎(2)Though lacking money(缺钱)，his parents managed to send him to a university.‎ ‎(3)A new study shows elderly men who suffer from a lack of(缺乏) deep sleep are nearly twice as likely to develop high blood pressure.‎ ‎(4)She failed in the interview because she is lacking in/lacks(缺乏) work experience.‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(5) real facetoface communication nowadays，we communicate by telephone，cellphone and through the Internet more and more，instead.‎ A．Lacked B．To lack C．Lacking D．Having been lacked 答案　C 解析　句意为：如今由于缺乏真实的面对面的交流，我们越来越多地通过电话、手机以及网络来交流。lack本身可作及物动词，分析题干可知其与句子主语we之间存在着逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作原因状语。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations，or the UN，as it is more often referred to.‎ 我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，联合国也叫UN——这个名称更常用。‎ refer to谈及，提到；与……相关，涉及；参考，查阅；指的是 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句子中refer to的汉语意思 ‎(1)When I study English，I like to put my dictionary within my reach so that I can refer to it when necessary.查阅，参考 ‎(2)Jim insisted that the book Mr Black referred to was worth reading.提到 ‎(3)The new law does not refer to the land used for farming.涉及 ‎(4)What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to？指的是 ‎※refer to...as...将……称作……‎ refer...to...将……送交给……‎ ‎※reference n．提及，涉及；参考；参考书 in/with reference to关于……‎ for reference以备查阅；以供参考 ‎(5)The scientist referred to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.‎ 这位科学家把这一发现称作是这个领域中最令人兴奋的新发展。‎ ‎(6)We were completely in the dark in/with reference to his future plans.‎ 我们对他的未来计划全然不知。‎ ‎[温馨提示]　look up表示“参考，查阅”时，其宾语多为word，information等；而refer to表示“参考，查阅”时，其宾语多为book，dictionary等。‎ ‎[选词填空]　refer to，look up ‎(7)Don’t always refer to the dictionary when coming across new words.Only if a word is very important can you look it up in your dictionary.‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(8)The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without his notes.‎ A．bringing up B．referring to C．looking for D．trying on 答案　B 解析　由语境可知，此处应为“没有参考演讲稿”，refer to参考，查阅。‎ ‎ First I should give you a short description of the UN.‎ 首先我应该给你们简短讲一下联合国。‎ description n．(描写)文字，形容，说明 ‎※give a description of形容；描述 beyond description难以描述，无法形容 ‎※describe...as...把……描述成……‎ ‎(1)He gave a description of what he had seen in that dark night.‎ 他描述了在那个漆黑的夜晚他所见到的一切。‎ ‎(2)The scenery of the West Lake is beautiful beyond description.‎ 西湖风景美得难以形容。‎ ‎(3)China has been described as an “emerging economic powerhouse”．‎ 中国被称为“崛起中的经济强国”。‎ ‎[温馨提示]‎ ‎※describe后不接双宾语，若语义需要，要用介词to或for来引出间接宾语。‎ ‎※describe...as...的意思是“把……描述成……”，其中的as习惯上不宜换成to be。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(4)The newspaper article gave a vivid of the earthquake which happened in Japan and we can know how things happened there.‎ A．starvation B．description C．operation D．argument 答案　B 解析　句意为：报纸上的文章生动地描述了发生在日本的地震，所以我们能知道那里发生的事情。description描述，符合句意。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ With the help of these armies and other worthy organizations，the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters.‎ 在这些军队和其他一些可敬的组织的协助下，联合国为战争及灾难的受害者提供援助。‎ worthy adj.令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句子中worthy的汉语意思 ‎(1)This is a worthy EnglishChinese dictionary.有价值的 ‎(2)Leeds United were worthy winners of the competition.令人敬重的 ‎ ‎(3)Yuan Longping made great contributions to our country and his achievements are worthy of the highest praise.值得的 ‎※be worthyof sth.of being done值得做……to be done ‎※worth adj.值……钱；值得……的 be worthn.值……/值得……doing ……值得做 ‎※worthwhile adj.值得花时间/金钱/精力的 It’s worthwhiledoing sth.to do sth.做某事是值得的。 ‎ ‎[选词填空]　worthy，worth，worthwhile ‎(4)This article is well worth reading，but it is not worthy of being translated.So I feel that all your efforts aren’t worthwhile.‎ ‎[句型转换]‎ ‎(5)The reference book is worth buying，because it is of great help for your study.‎ ‎→The reference book is worthy to be bought，because it is of great help for your study.‎ ‎→The reference book is worthy of being bought，because it is of great help for your study.‎ ‎→It is worthwhile buying/to buy the reference book，because it is of great help for your study.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ In addition，the UN helps protect human rights and works to improve international laws，for example，those on child labour and on equal rights for minorities and women.‎ 此外，联合国还协助保护人权并致力于改进各种国际法律，例如，有关童工、少数民族及妇女的平等权利的法律。‎ in addition (相当于副词)此外，除……之外(还)‎ ‎※in addition to (相当于介词，后加名词、代词、动名词)除……之外(还)‎ ‎※additional adj.额外的 ‎(1)You need money and time.In addition，you need diligence.‎ 你需要钱和时间。除此之外，你还需要努力。‎ ‎(2)The outofclass activities help build up children’s character in addition.‎ 此外，这些课外的活动有助于培养孩子们的性格。‎ ‎[温馨提示]　in addition后接宾语时，加介词to，即构成短语in addition to，该短语相当于besides。‎ ‎(3)In addition to my studies，I got involved in lots of extracurricular activities.‎ 除了学习以外，我还参加了许多课外活动。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(4)Invest in yourself and hold on to your dreams. ，stay with those who will encourage you to go on forward all the way.‎ A．In fact B．In contrast C．In brief D．In addition 答案　D 解析　句意为：自我投资，坚持你的梦想。除此之外，和那些会鼓励你一路前行的人待在一起。in fact 事实上，实际上；in contrast相比之下，比较起来；in brief简言之；in addition另外，此外。根据句意可知选D。‎ equal adj.平等的；同等的；能胜任的n.同等的人；相等物vt.与……相同或相等；比得上，敌得过 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句子中equal的词性及汉语意思 ‎(5)So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success，without noticing that the people who have those things aren’t necessarily happier.vt.与……相同或相等 ‎(6)Any man will be equal to the task，so long as he is careful.adj.能胜任的 ‎(7)He is a scientist without equal，because his achievement is unlikely to be equalled.n.同等的人 ‎※be equal to...in...在……方面与……相等 be equal to sth./doing sth.等于……；与……相等；胜任做某事 without equal/have no equal无与伦比 ‎※equally adv.相等地，同样地 ‎※equality n．平等 ‎(8)Hong Kong Wetland Park is equally(equal) attractive in spring and autumn，for the weather is pleasant in both seasons.‎ ‎(9)We Chinese people have persistently urged the equality(equal) of nations，big or small.‎ ‎[句型转换]‎ ‎(10)No one equals him in courage，about which everyone knows.‎ ‎→No one is equal to him in courage，about which everyone knows.‎ ‎[语境串记]‎ ‎(11)My uncle believes that all men are born equal.But traveling around the world，he finds that in some countries，what is called equality doesn’t really mean equal rights for all people.‎ 我叔叔认为所有人生来都是平等的。但环游世界之后，他发现，在一些国家，所谓的平等并不是真的意味着所有人都享有平等的权利。 ‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(12)Whatever background you come from，you can be successful with your hard work like many others.‎ A．mostly B．merely C．equally D．hardly 答案　C 解析　句意为：无论你来自什么背景，你都可以通过努力工作像许多其他人一样取得成功。equally同样地，符合语境。‎ ‎ In addition，my visits will encourage people working on the projects and draw local people’s attention to the situation.‎ 此外，我的访问还会鼓励那些致力于联合国各种项目的人，吸引当地人对相关形势的注意。‎ draw one’s attention to...引起某人对……的注意 attract/catch/get/come to one’s attention吸引/引起/得到某人的注意 bring sth.to one’s attention(＝bring sth.to the attention of sb.)使某人关注某事；使某事引起某人的注意 pay attention to...注意……(to是介词，后跟名词或动名词) ‎(1)Her new clothes are attracting a lot of attention.‎ 她的新衣服引起了很多的关注。‎ ‎(2)The government must take measures to bring water pollution to the attention of the public.‎ 政府必须采取措施让公众关注水污染的问题。‎ ‎(3)Be sure to pay attention to protecting the environment and think of others when travelling.‎ 外出旅游时务必注意保护环境，为他人着想。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(4)If the poor man hadn’t managed to the attention of the public for help，he would be dead now.‎ A．fetch B．focus C．draw D．pay 答案　C 解析　句意为：如果这个可怜的人当时没有设法吸引公众的注意来获得帮助，恐怕他现在已经死了。draw the attention of sb.吸引某人的注意。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ They collect approximately 1.35 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money contributed by the government.‎ 她们每天从每个小组成员那里收取大约1.35元，将这些钱和政府捐助给她们的那些钱加在一起。‎ contribute v．捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致；投稿 ‎※contribute...to...把……贡献给……；给……投稿；把……捐赠给……‎ contribute to有助于；促成，起作用 ‎※contribution n．贡献；捐款 make contributions/a contribution to对……做出贡献/捐款 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句子中contribute...to的汉语意思 ‎(1)Many people ①contributed money to the Project Hope，which ②contributed to many children returning to school.A teacher wrote an article about this and ③contributed it to a newspaper.‎ 答案　①捐赠　②有助于　③投稿 ‎[单句语法填空]‎ ‎(2)Doing small things well contributes to building(build) up our confidence and helping(help) us meet bigger challenges in the future.‎ ‎(3)Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions(contribute) to the class.‎ ‎[完成句子]‎ ‎(4)Would you like to make contributions/a contribution to the hospital building fund?‎ 你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗？‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(5)I hope your suggestions will contribute the problem.‎ A．to solve B．to solving C．solve D．solved 答案　B 解析　contribute to有助于，起作用，to是介词，后跟名词或动名词。‎ 经典句式 ‎ This land was difficult to farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.‎ 这块地曾经很难耕种，但现在可以抽水灌溉了。‎ This land was difficult to farm...是一个特殊句式，即“sth.＋be＋adj.＋to do...”句式。‎ ‎※一般来说，不定式在easy，difficult，nice，important，interesting等形容词之后作状语，且不定式与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式常用主动形式表示被动含义。‎ ‎※在这种句式中，不定式可以带上自己的逻辑主语，该逻辑主语通常由介词for引出；如果构成不定式的动词为不及物动词，那么该动词后常常会加上适当的介词。‎ ‎(1)The story is very interesting for the students to read.这个故事对学生来说读起来很有趣。‎ ‎(2)The armchair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable to sit in.‎ 这把扶手椅看上去很硬，但实际上坐上去很舒服。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(3)—Bob, why do you stay silent? Can you tell me the answer?‎ ‎—I’m sorry, Mr Green.Your question is very difficult .‎ A．to be answered B．to answer C．answering D．to have answered 答案　B 解析　此处不定式作状语，这种情形习惯上用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。句意为：——鲍勃，你为什么不作声呀？你能告诉我答案吗？——对不起，格林先生，你的问题很难回答。‎ ‎ As you know，the UN touches the lives of people everywhere.‎ 如你所知，联合国触及世界各地人民的生活。‎ ‎※as引导限制性定语从句时，其先行词前有such，as，so，the same等修饰，且as在从句中作主语或宾语。‎ ‎※as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代主句的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语。‎ ‎(1)Such people as were recommended by him were reliable.他所推荐的人是可靠的。‎ ‎(2)We were sitting，as I remember，in a riverside restaurant.‎ 我记得我们当时是坐在河畔的一个餐馆里。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(3)It is such a good place everybody wants to visit it is wellknown all over the world.‎ A．which；that B．as；as C．as；that D．that；as 答案　C 解析　第一空as引导定语从句；第二空that引导结果状语从句。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．It is urgent(紧急的) that the patient should be sent to the hospital.‎ ‎2．A voluntary(自愿的) rescue team made up of 11 workers hurried to the area.‎ ‎3．She acquired(获得) a knowledge of Japanese when she was in Japan.‎ ‎4．The businessman contributed(捐赠) a lot of money to the church last year.‎ ‎5．Many people died of starvation(饥饿) as a result of the drought.‎ ‎6．The police have issued a description(描述) of the man aged between fifty and sixty.‎ ‎7．It is worthwhile(值得的) to provide young children with good education.‎ ‎8．The teachers spared no effort to ensure an equal(平等的) chance to all students.‎ ‎9．The nation still depends on external sources of natural gas，but it exports(输出) electricity to some countries.‎ ‎10．We need to encourage more people to take up the project because it lacks(缺少) labor force.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 set up，draw attention to，refer to，under the umbrella of，in addition to ‎11．In addition to a good diet，she keeps on taking exercise to keep fit.‎ ‎12．—You can’t take the book out of the reading room.‎ ‎—It doesn’t matter.I just want to refer to it for some figures.‎ ‎13．When the sun started to go down，he stopped and set up a tent.‎ ‎14．Many previously separate groups are now operating under the umbrella of a single authority.‎ ‎15．Does he wear those ridiculous clothes to draw attention to himself?‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎16．He is a great hero，as is described in the report.‎ 正如报道中描述的那样，他是一个伟大的英雄。‎ ‎17．I’m tired out.I have been shopping all afternoon.‎ 我筋疲力尽了。我整个下午一直在购物。‎ ‎18．Who do you think has got the first prize?‎ 你认为谁获得了一等奖？‎ ‎19．Disasters caused by human activities frequently occur.由人类活动造成的灾难频频发生。‎ ‎20．The problem is difficult to solve.‎ 这个问题难以解决。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Learning to deal with the social world is equally(equal) important，because a college community ‎(群体) differs from the family.(2016•北京)‎ ‎2．The lecture is worth listening(listen) to，though it is rather long.‎ ‎3．Many millionaires and billionaires are keen on contributing to charities.‎ ‎4．The death and destruction are beyond description (describe)．‎ ‎5．His elder sister is lacking(lack) in patience.‎ ‎6．She always referred to Ben as “that nice man”．‎ ‎7．So far as I know，English is not difficult to learn(learn)．‎ ‎8．I am sorry to have kept(keep) you waiting for such a long time.‎ ‎9．The number of smokers，as is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.‎ ‎10．Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.‎ Ⅱ.单项填空 ‎ ‎11．—How do you find the town you visited last Sunday?‎ ‎—The town has changed out of all in the past few decades，a completely new one in front of me.‎ A．realization B．description C．expression D．recognition 答案　D 解析　句意为：——你觉得上周日你参观的城镇怎么样？——在过去几十年里，这个城镇已经变得认不出了，在我面前的是一个全新的城镇了。realization意识；description描写；expression表达；recognition认出。由句意可知选D项。‎ ‎12．Everything into consideration，the environmental problem we are looking forward to seeing solved is our government’s attention.‎ A．is taken；worth B．taking；worthy C．taken；worthy of D．taken；worth of 答案　C 解析　分析句子结构可知，第一空应填非谓语动词，又因everything与take之间存在被动关系，排除A、B两项；worth和worthy都表示“值得”，但结构分别为be worth＋n.和be worthy of＋n.，故选C项。‎ ‎13．If you want to go abroad， English，you’ll have to study a second foreign language.‎ A．except for B．in addition C．in addition to D．except 答案　C 解析　句意为：如果你想出国，除了英语以外，你还要再学一门外语。in addition to为复合介词，意为“除……之外(还有)”，符合题意。‎ ‎14．The newly married couple decided to give up their honeymoon trip a sound economic base.‎ A．for fear of B．for lack of C．in favor of D．in place of 答案　B 解析　句意为：由于缺乏良好的经济基础，这对新婚夫妇决定放弃他们的蜜月旅行。for lack of由于缺乏，符合句意。for fear of唯恐；in favor of支持；in place of替代。‎ ‎15．It was unwise of him to the unreliable data in his speech.‎ A．refer to B．add to C．belong to D．point to 答案　A 解析　句意为：他在演讲中参考不可靠的数据的做法是不明智的。refer to提及，参考，查阅；add to增添；belong to属于；point to指向。根据句意可知应选A项。‎ ‎16．If you pay for the computer in cash，you could have a 5% discount； ，we can deliver it to you for free.‎ A．in demand B．in addition C．in return D．in place 答案　B 解析　句意为：如果你用现金买这台电脑的话，可以享受5%的折扣，此外我们还可以免费为你送货。根据句意可知选B项。‎ ‎17．The population of Africa is so rapidly as to cause concern of the whole world.‎ A．expanding B．stretching C．extending D．spreading 答案　A 解析　expand扩大，增加，符合语境。stretch伸展；extend延长；spread传播。‎ ‎18．The media can often help solve problems and attention to situations help is needed.‎ A．take；which B．draw；where C．pay；that D．draw；/‎ 答案　B 解析　句意为：媒体常常可以帮助解决问题并且把注意力吸引到需要帮助的地方。draw attention to吸引注意力到……；situation，case等作先行词表示虚拟的地点时后边常用where引导定语从句。‎ ‎19．Most people think that it is to spend some time surfing the Internet，but we shouldn’t be too dependent on it.‎ A．worth B．worthwhile C．worth of D．worthy of 答案　B 解析　此处考查“it is worthwhile to do/doing...”句式。‎ ‎20．Mum is coming.What present for your birthday?‎ A．you expect she has got B．you expect has she got C．do you expect she has got D．do you expect has she got 答案　C 解析　do you expect作为插入语放在特殊疑问句中，从句要用陈述语气，故选C项。‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅲ.完形填空 I went to a local café yesterday.As I stood in 21 at the café，I looked at the pasties(馅饼)，‎ thinking of which pasty I was going to 22 with my cup of tea.Suddenly I noticed an elderly woman in front of me.She seemed fumbling(笨拙) with her change purse and asked about the 23 .It was clear that she ordered an iced tea as well as a sandwich， 24 did not have enough money for both.She 25 the sandwich and left the iced tea behind.Seeing this made my heart 26 ，I watched her 27 away and sit down at a table nearby.‎ Now it was my 28 .I smiled at the person at the register(收银台) and began to 29 my cup of tea，along with pasty.But then I noticed where the iced tea was standing.So，I asked if it could be added to my 30 .At first the person at the register felt puzzled about my 31 ，but she soon said “yes” to me.‎ ‎ 32 I walked over to the table where the elderly woman had sat down，I noticed she was no longer there，but the sandwich was 33 uneaten on her plate.I took a quick look around and saw her 34 .So I very quickly 35 the iced tea on her table and then walked to another table.As soon as I put my things on the table，I made my way to the rest room.Upon my 36 ，to my surprise，I found the elderly woman smilingly sipping(呷) on the iced tea.I felt 37 that my little act of 38 was received with joy.Our eyes 39 for a short moment and I 40 a smile.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者在一家咖啡馆排队点餐时，发现排在前面的一位老太太没有足够的钱同时购买三明治和冰茶而放弃购买冰茶。于是，轮到自己付钱的时候，作者买下了那杯冰茶，并偷偷地将冰茶放到了老人的那张桌子上。‎ ‎21．A.circle B．line C．group D．front 答案　B 解析　根据下文中的“Suddenly I noticed an elderly woman in front of me.”可推断，作者是在排队点餐。‎ ‎22．A.send B．change C．offer D．choose 答案　D 解析　根据上文中的“I looked at the pasties(馅饼)”以及该空后面的“with my cup of tea”可知，作者在想选哪种馅饼和茶搭配在一起吃。‎ ‎23．A.colors B．sizes C．prices D．tastes 答案　C 解析　根据下文中的“did not have enough money for both”可知，老人带的钱不够，由此可推断，老人在询问食物的价格。‎ ‎24．A.and B．but C．so D．or 答案　B 解析　根据该空前面的“It was clear that she ordered an iced tea as well as a sandwich”以及该空后面的“did not have enough money for both”可知，这两句之间是转折关系，故用but。‎ ‎25．A.longed for B．put down C．gave up D．decided on 答案　D 解析　根据下文中的“left the iced tea behind”可知，老人在没有足够的钱来购买馅饼和冰茶这两样食物的情况下，最后决定买三明治。‎ ‎26．A.sink B．beat C．stop D．race 答案　A 解析　第三段提到作者为老人买了冰茶，由此可知作者心疼这位老人，所以当作者看到老人没钱买冰茶时心里很沉重。sink在此意为“心情沉重”。‎ ‎27．A.drive B．jump C．walk D．run 答案　C 解析　根据下文中的“sit down at a table nearby”可知，作者看到老人走开，坐到一张桌子旁。‎ ‎28．A.chance B．turn C．time D．problem 答案　B 解析　根据下文中的“I smiled at the person at the register(收银台) and began to”可知，轮到排在后面的作者点餐了。‎ ‎29．A.search B．prepare C．take D．buy 答案　D 解析　根据上文中的“I smiled at the person at the register(收银台)”可知，作者开始买自己想吃的食物。‎ ‎30．A.plan B．service C．order D．field 答案　C 解析　根据下文中的“So I very quickly the iced tea on her table”可知，作者替老人买了冰茶，也就是把冰茶加到了自己的订单里。‎ ‎31．A.description B．request C．reason D．warning 答案　B 解析　根据上文中的“So，I asked if it could be added to my .”可知，收银员对作者的请求感到困惑。‎ ‎32．A.If B．Though C．Because D．As 答案　D 解析　根据该空后面的“I walked over to the table where the elderly woman had sat down”以及“I noticed she was no longer there”可知，这两句话中的两个动作几乎是同时发生的，故用as。‎ ‎33．A.still B．ever C．already D．just 答案　A 解析　根据该空后面的“uneaten on her plate”可知，老人桌子上的三明治还没吃。‎ ‎34．A.standing up B．coming back C．going ahead D．turning around 答案　B 解析　根据下文中的“So I very quickly the iced tea on her table”可推断，作者正因为看到老人马上要回来了，所以他迅速地把冰茶放到了她的桌子上。‎ ‎35．A.placed B．fixed C．moved D．kept 答案　A 解析　参见上题解析。‎ ‎36．A.return B．arrival C．speech D．answer 答案　A 解析　根据上文中的“I made my way to the rest room”以及下文中的“I found the elderly woman smilingly sipping(呷)”可知，作者刚才去了洗手间，现在回来了。‎ ‎37．A.hopeful B．troubled C．happy D．confused 答案　C 解析　根据下文中的“my little act of was received with joy”可知，看到老人脸上的微笑，作者很高兴。‎ ‎38．A.politeness B．bravery C．kindness D．friendship 答案　C 解析　作者帮老人付钱买冰茶是一种善行。‎ ‎39．A.met B．stared C．dropped D．closed 答案　A 解析　由上文提到的作者看到老人高兴地喝着冰茶可知，作者一直在看着老人，由此可推断作者与老人对视了一会儿。‎ ‎40．A.enjoyed B．forced C．changed D．shared 答案　D 解析　上文提到作者看到老人高兴地喝着冰茶，作者也很开心，由此可推断作者也朝老人微笑。‎ Ⅳ.阅读理解 ‎(2018•泰州中学高二检测)‎ On a recent visit to the Museum of Modern Art with a friend and her daughter，wandering through the museum’s exhibits，I was struck by how often my friend’s 13yearold daughter asked us to take photos of her with her smartphone in front of the artwork.Then，she gazed at the photos which she would then post on Instagram，Snapchat and all the rest.She was not the only person who was doing this；it seemed everyone was busy taking photos of themselves “experiencing” the museum.‎ This is by no means a criticism of my friend’s daughter or anyone else.What was concerning，at least to me，was that in between being photographed and posting，my friend’s daughter had no interest in the artwork，a fact which didn’t seem to matter or have anything to do with wanting to post herself as someone enjoying the experience.‎ When I was her age，I had no interest in going to museums either.Having no interest in art at her ‎ age (and any age) is completely normal.But what is disturbing is how much of a young person’s energy these days goes into creating an image of the life they’re living and the character they “are” in that life.While creating a selfimage has always been a big part of growing up and figuring out our identity，social media seems to have changed the rules of the game.Social media has not just increased the pressure and possibility of creating a selfgenerated(自我创造的) selfimage，but also distorted(歪曲) the process through which we become who we are.Young people now seem to be creating an image of who they are in place of becoming who they are，posting their life rather than living it.‎ Social media has turned life and its experiences into an exercise in narcissism(自恋，自我陶醉)．No matter what the experience is actually about，it becomes about you，the person who is living it.A concert is not about the music，a restaurant is not about the food and a sport event is not about the sport；it’s all about you，the doer，and what the event says about you.As a result，the more we use life to create an identity，the more distant from life we feel.Instead of being part of it，we feel as if we have to keep generating new life material.‎ I hope the next time you post your story，pause for a moment and experience where you are，feel what it feels like to live what you’re living without using life for your benefit，or for anything at all.Just live，without the narrative(叙述)．While you may feel this practice is a threat to your identity，causing you to miss a chance to prove your value，in fact，the benefit will far outweigh any loss it brings.‎ 语篇解读　本文主要讲了现在很多人都热衷于在社交媒体上分享照片而忽视了生活的本质所在。对此作者认为比起照片中的“生活”，真真切切地感受当下更为重要。‎ ‎41．According to the author，the fact that her friend’s daughter was not interested in the artwork is .‎ A．worrying B．unsurprising C．unchangeable D．unbearable 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“...my friend’s daughter had no interest in the artwork，a fact which didn’t seem to matter or have anything to do with wanting to post herself as someone enjoying the experience.”以及第三段前两句可知，作者朋友的女儿对艺术品不感兴趣，作者认为是正常的，所以并不感到惊讶。故选B。‎ ‎42．Which of the following is the basic reason behind people’s continuously posting their life?‎ A．Their desire for being well known.‎ B．Their increased focus on life.‎ C．The influence of social media.‎ D．The pressure from their family and friends.‎ 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...social media seems to have changed the rules of the game.Social media has not just increased the pressure and possibility of creating a selfgenerated(自我创造的) selfimage，but also distorted(歪曲) the process through which we become who we are.”可知，人们不断地在网上发布生活照的根本原因是社交媒体的影响。故选C。‎ ‎43．The author believes that the identity people create through narcissism may .‎ A．prevent them behaving properly B．stand in the way of leading a true life C．cause them to depend more on the remarks of others D．damage their creativity in producing life material 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第二句“As a result，the more we use life to create an identity，the more distant from life we feel.”可知，作者认为通过自恋创建的身份可能会挡住通向真实生活的道路。故选B。‎ ‎44．The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to .‎ A．trying to take control of your feelings B．facing the threat to your identity bravely C．improving your selfimage through writing D．experiencing what you’re doing practically 答案　D 解析　代词指代题。根据最后一段最后一句“While you may feel this practice is a threat to your identity，causing you to miss a chance to prove your value，in fact，the benefit will far outweigh any loss it brings.”(虽然你可能觉得这种做法是对你的身份的一种威胁，使你错过机会证明你的价值，事实上，它的好处将远远大于它带来的任何损失。)可知，it在本句中指代this practice，而this practice指的是本段第一句中的“实际体验你正在做的事情”，故选D。‎ Ⅴ.语法填空 After four years of living here，I have a better 45 (understand) of northern China’s food.‎ Northern China’s hearty food is 46 (general) more acceptable to Westerners.They can enjoy Beijing roast duck，beef and dairy from Inner Mongolia，and Korean dishes in the northeast.Northern China experiences cold and dry winters，and hot summers， 47 (make) calories and salt replacement more important.As a result，northern dishes have strong flavors，compared with the south 48 dishes are lighter in flavor.‎ Wheat is the main crop of northern China，and you will find a variety of wheatflour 49 (product)．Rice is also eaten in the north，but it is certainly secondary to wheat.Dumplings are very popular in the north， 50 (serve) with vinegar for dipping.‎ Northerners tend to eat more meat and dairy for the purpose 51 fighting against the cold weather.Most meat dishes 52 (base) on mutton，pork，beef，chicken，and fish.‎ ‎　　 53 are less fresh vegetables available because of the cold weather.Fruit is traditionally limited to a few hard seasonal varieties like apples，so it doesn’t feature much in the cuisine，although the northwest is famous for 54 (it) dried fruit and wine.‎ 语篇解读　本文介绍了中国北方的饮食。‎ ‎45．答案　understanding 解析　考查名词。设空处作宾语，前面有a better限定且意为“理解”，故填understanding。‎ ‎46．答案　generally 解析　考查副词。设空处修饰形容词，故填副词generally。‎ ‎47．答案　making 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词experiences，此处应用非谓语动词。Northern China与make之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且make所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生，故填making。‎ ‎48．答案　where 解析　考查定语从句引导词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰the south ‎，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。‎ ‎49．答案　products 解析　考查名词单复数。此处意为“各种各样的由面粉制成的产品”，故填product的复数形式。‎ ‎50．答案　served 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处作后置定语，serve与dumplings之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且serve表示的动作已完成，故填served。‎ ‎51．答案　of 解析　考查固定搭配。for the purpose of意为“为了……；目的是……”。‎ ‎52．答案　are based 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述的是客观事实，且主语meat dishes(复数)与base之间是被动关系，故填are based。‎ ‎53．答案　There 解析　考查固定句型。句意为：由于天气寒冷，新鲜蔬菜比较少。此处是there be句型，故填There。‎ ‎54．答案　its 解析　考查代词。设空处后有名词fruit and wine，故填形容词性物主代词its。‎ Period Three　Word power & Grammar and usage & Task ‎ 重点词汇 ‎ If I had taken an alternative path and studied medicine，I would have known a lot of medical knowledge.‎ 如果我走上了另外一条道路去学医，我会知道很多医学知识。‎ alternative adj.可供替代的 n．可供选择的事物 ‎※an alternative to...……的替代品 have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事 have the alternative of doing sth.有做某事的选择 There is no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事。‎ ‎※alternatively adj.或者；两者择一地 ‎(1)If you don’t like the school lunch，you have the alternative of bringing your own.‎ ‎(2)Try to arrange playtime for the children as an alternative to TV viewing.‎ ‎(3)There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to wait (wait)．‎ ‎[温馨提示]　“别无选择只好做……”的其他表达形式还有： have no choice but to do sth.；can’t do sth.but do sth.；can do nothing but do sth.。在这些结构中若but之前出现实义动词do的某种形式(does，did，done)，but之后要用省略to的动词不定式。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(4)China may as well keep its growth rate above 7 percent. ，the rate may be set between 6 and 7 percent，for the sake of a healthy environment.‎ A．Differently B．Alternatively C．Accordingly D．Conversely 答案　B 解析　句意为：为了保持一个健康的环境，中国还是将增长率保持在7%‎ 以上为好，或者这个比率可以设置在6%到7%之间。differently不同地，相异地；alternatively或者，二者择一地，要不然；accordingly因此，相应地；conversely相反地，反之。故选B。‎ ‎ possession n.个人财产；所有物；拥有，具有 in possession of占有，控制 in the possession of被……占有；在……控制之下 have/take possession of拥有，占有(主语通常是人) come into one’s possession (某物)落入某人之手 ‎(1)Twenty years ago，his father was very rich and was in possession of a farm.‎ 二十年前，他父亲很富有，并且有一个农场。‎ ‎(2)We can’t take possession of the house until all the papers have been signed.‎ 所有的文件都签字以后，我们才能拥有这套房子。‎ ‎(3)How did the painting come into your possession？你是怎样得到这幅画的？‎ ‎ Health care is limited as there are no doctors or nurses in the villages—no one has the means to pay them.‎ 在村庄里，卫生保健非常有限，因为既没有医生也没有护士——没有人付得起看病的费用。‎ means n．手段，方法 by all means必定，务必；千方百计；不惜一切；[口语]当然可以 by this means(＝in this way/with this method)用这种办法 by any means无论如何；以一切可能的手段 by means of借助……手段；依靠……方法 by no means绝不，无论如何也不，一点都不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装) ‎[用means的相关短语填空]‎ ‎(1)—Would you like to help me to clean the windows?‎ ‎—By all means.‎ ‎(2)They succeeded by means of hard work.‎ ‎[句型转换]‎ ‎(3)The problem is by no means as simple as we first thought.‎ ‎→By no means is the problem as simple as we first thought.‎ ‎[温馨提示]　means单复数同形。当means由every/each/no修饰并作主语时，谓语动词用单数；当means 由these或those修饰并作主语时，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎(4)Every means has(have) been used to deal with it.‎ 为了处理此事，各种方法都用过了。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(5)—How I am eager to see your new car! May I have a look now，Peter?‎ ‎— .It’s great to share.(2018•扬州模拟)‎ A．That’s all right B．Couldn’t agree more C．You must be kidding ‎ D．By all means 答案　D 解析　句意为：——我多么想看看你的新车！彼得，我现在可以看看吗？——当然可以，我很乐意分享。That’s all right没关系；Couldn’t agree more完全同意；You must be kidding 你一定是在开玩笑；By all means当然可以。根据句意可知选D。‎ ‎ However，if the pump breaks down，repairing it can be troublesome，as an engineer has to come from the nearest town to repair it.‎ 然而，如果水泵坏了，由于工程师不得不从最近的城里赶过来修理，因此修理水泵是很麻烦的。‎ break down 出故障；分解；失败；(身体)垮掉 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句子中break down的汉语意思 ‎(1)Let’s break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one.分解 ‎(2)Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.出故障 ‎(3)You will break down if you take on more work than you can.(身体)垮掉 ‎(4)News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.失败，破裂 break away from脱离；挣脱；逃脱 break into闯入；打断(话题) break in破门而入；打断 break out爆发 break off中断 break through突围；突破 break up分解；驱散；分手 ‎(5)We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken into the office during the night.早上我们到达工作地点时发现有人在(前一天)晚上闯进了办公室。‎ ‎(6)After a fire broke out in the lab，a lot of equipment was damaged.‎ 实验室发生火灾后，很多设备被毁了。‎ ‎(7)He broke up with his girlfriend，very sad.‎ 他和女朋友分手了，非常伤心。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(8)The water heater suddenly while he was taking a bath in the bathroom.‎ A．broke down B．broke out C．broke in D．broke off 答案　A 解析　句意为：当他在浴室里洗澡时，热水器突然出故障了。break down崩溃，出故障；break out爆发；break in打断，闯入；break off中断，折断。根据句意可知选A。‎ 经典句式 If only there were more people donating money to charities！‎ 要是有更多的人给慈善机构捐款就好了！‎ if only意为“要是……就好了，但愿”，常用来表示强烈的愿望和遗憾，它引导的句子要用虚拟语气。if only句式中虚拟语气的三种情况：‎ ‎※表示与现在事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb.did/were ...‎ ‎※表示与过去事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb.had done...‎ ‎※表示与将来事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb.would/could do ...‎ ‎(1)If only she would listen to me carefully at the meeting tomorrow.‎ 但愿在明天的会议上她能仔细地听我讲话。‎ ‎(2)If only I were slimmer，more beautiful，richer and more clever，I would be happier.‎ 假如我更苗条一些、更漂亮一些、更富有一些、更聪明一些，我会更加高兴。‎ ‎(3)It’s too bad that I failed the math exam.If only I had worked hard at it!‎ 我数学考试不及格，真是太糟糕了。要是我之前努力学习它就好了！‎ ‎[温馨提示]　only if表示“只有……”，引导条件状语从句。only if本身不是一个固定词组，only是副词，用来修饰整个if从句。若其引导的从句置于句首，且与主句之间没有逗号隔开，则主句要用倒装语序。‎ ‎(4)Only if you practice more can you pass the driving test.你只有多练习才能通过驾照考试。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(5)—It was a pity that you missed the famous star yesterday.‎ ‎—If only I to my hometown!‎ A．didn’t return B．hadn’t returned C．shouldn’t return D．wouldn’t return 答案　B 解析　根据语境可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词应用过去完成时，故选B项。 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．He is faced with two alternatives(选择): continuing his studies or finding a job.‎ ‎2．He spent his childhood in the remote(遥远的) mountain area.‎ ‎3．Unfortunately，they lost all their possessions(财产) in the fire.‎ ‎4．It seemed that the mountainous(山一般的) waves would turn the ship over.‎ ‎5．We should unite to fight poverty(贫穷) and disease.‎ ‎6．This is by no means(方式) a good way to make a living.‎ ‎7．Primitive(原始的) man made tools from sharp stones and animal bones.‎ ‎8．We have obtained(得到) permission from the directors to use some of our funds.‎ ‎9．These troublesome(麻烦的) things have made him restless.‎ ‎10．The waiters get good tips over and above their wages(工资)．‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 thanks to，consist in，break away from，take possession of，by this means ‎11．True education does not consist in being taught facts simply.‎ ‎12．I took possession of the company through years’ efforts.‎ ‎13．Only by this means is it possible to persuade him.‎ ‎14．Thanks to the advanced technology，we live in an age of better communication.‎ ‎15．You must break away from such bad habits in order to make progress.‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎16．If only I had a sister like you!‎ 我要是有一个像你这样的姐姐该多好！‎ ‎17．What if we could not fulfill the plan in time?‎ 如果我们不能及时完成这个计划怎么办？‎ ‎18．It is suggested that we (should) hold a speech contest.有人建议我们举行一次演讲比赛。‎ ‎19．He has no alternative but to wait.‎ 他别无选择只有等待。‎ ‎20．I would rather you told me the truth now.‎ 我宁愿你现在就告诉我真相。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．It is known to all that a baseball team consists of nine players.‎ ‎2．Listen! The song being sung(sing) is very popular with the students.‎ ‎3．The keys are in the possession of the caretaker.‎ ‎4．If only I had (have) more money，I could buy the computer.‎ ‎5．Thoughts can be expressed by means of music.‎ ‎6．If your car breaks down，just sit tight and wait for the police to come along.‎ ‎7．The professor is a man of short height.‎ ‎8．It is clear that their group will get ahead of us.‎ ‎9．There is a man sitting(sit) on the bench over there.‎ ‎10．Do you have an alternative solution to the problem?‎ Ⅱ.单项填空 ‎11．Our teachers are always serving the students wholeheartedly， their personal gain or loss.‎ A．regardless of B．in favor of C．thanks to D．with regard to 答案　A 解析　句意为：我们的老师总是全身心地为学生服务，不顾他们的个人得失。regardless of 不顾；in favor of 支持；thanks to 多亏了；with regard to关于。由句意可知选A项。‎ ‎12．—I wonder if you are satisfied with my proposal.‎ ‎—But I prefer to see an one before making a decision.‎ A．alternative B．another C．other D．others 答案　A 解析　根据句意可知回答者希望能有可供选择的提议再做决定，可与an搭配的只有alternative。another前不需要冠词。‎ ‎13．—Any information about your son?‎ ‎—No.If only I those tough words to him.‎ A．didn’t say B．hadn’t said C．shouldn’t have said D．couldn’t have said 答案　B 解析　答句句意为：没有。要是我没有对他说那些严厉的话就好了。if only要是……就好了。根据语境可知，句意表达的是和过去事实相反的情况，故用过去完成时。‎ ‎14．Statistics show that in the first quarter of the year the divorce rate is 14.6 percent.This means about 5,166 families in China every day.‎ A．break down B．break away C．break out D．break up 答案　D 解析　根据上句推断应该是指“家庭的破裂、解体”。break up破裂，破碎，符合句意。break down出故障，身体垮了； break away摆脱，逃离； break out (战争，灾难)爆发。‎ ‎15．—Can I come and have a look at your new house?‎ ‎—Yes， ！(2017•盐城田家炳中学高二检测)‎ A．my pleasure B．I like it C．I quite agree D．by all means 答案　D 解析　句意为：——我能来看看你的新房子吗？——可以， ！既然答应了对方的请求，就应表示许可或欢迎之意。my pleasure别客气，不用谢；I like it我喜欢它；I quite agree我非常同意；by all means当然可以，好的。所以D项符合语境。‎ ‎16．I hope to lead a quiet and clean life in a place from the busy daily life of the city after I retire from teaching.‎ A．narrow B．shallow C．accessible D．remote 答案　D 解析　句意为：从教师岗位上退休后，我希望在远离城市忙碌生活的地方过一种清静的生活。remote偏远的，偏僻的，符合句意。narrow狭窄的；shallow浅的；accessible可接近的。‎ ‎17．Advertisers and service providers take at the mobile phone users in Xiamen University Town.‎ A．aim B．goal C．object D．purpose 答案　A 解析　take aim at 把目标对准……。‎ ‎18．From his looks，we can decide that he’d come across problems.‎ A．puzzling；troubled B．puzzling；troubling C．puzzled；troublesome D．puzzled；troubled 答案　C 解析　句意为：从他那困惑的表情我们可以断定他遇到了麻烦事。根据句意知选C项。‎ ‎19．Nowadays，more and more senior people in China prefer to raise pets that have been proven to make positive to a senior citizen’s life.‎ A．contributions B．patterns C．competitions D．privileges 答案　A 解析　句意为：如今，越来越多的中国老年人喜欢养宠物，这已经被证明对老年人的生活有积极的促进作用。contribution贡献，促进作用，符合句意。pattern模式；competition竞赛；privilege荣幸。‎ ‎20．Yesterday，the boss demanded that the problems paid special attention to at the meeting.‎ A．referred to being B．referred to be C．refer to being D．refer to be 答案　B 解析　句意为：昨天，老板要求在会议上谈到的问题应引起特别注意。refer to与the problems 之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。而the problems也是demand引导的宾语从句的主语。demand意为“要求”时，宾语从句中的谓语动词常用“(should＋)动词原形”。故选B项。‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅲ.阅读理解 A My doorbell rings at 11 a．m.On the step，I find an elderly Chinese lady.She is small and slight.She holds a paper carrier bag in her hands.‎ I know this lady.It is by no means her first visit.Her daughter，Nicole，bought the house next door last October.Nicole，who is currently in Shanghai，has apparently told her mother that I am having heart surgery shortly，and the result is that her mother has decided I need to be supplied with meals.‎ I know what is inside the paper carrier bag—a stainless steel container with a meal of rice，vegetables and either chicken，meat or shrimp.This has become an almostdaily occurrence.‎ Communication between my benefactor(恩人) and me is somewhat handicapped by the fact that she doesn’t speak English and all I can say in Mandarin is “hello”．Once，she brought an iPad and pointed to the screen，which displayed a message from Nicole telling me that her mother wanted to know if the food was all right.‎ ‎“Your mother just can’t be bringing me meals like this all the time，” I protested.“I can hardly reciprocate by cooking something from my native land，like roast beef or Yorkshire pudding for her，” I said.‎ ‎“Oh，no，” Nicole said.“Don’t worry about that.She has to cook for the family anyway，and she wants to do it for you.You can call her Wing，which is her surname.”‎ The tenant in my basement suite is a university student who speaks Mandarin quite well，so with her help，I have found out that Wing is 68—13 years younger than I am.For my part，I was raised in wartime Britain.‎ So here we are，two grandmothers a world away from where we were raised，neither of us able to speak the other’s language.But the doorbell keeps ringing and there is the familiar paper carrier bag，handed smilingly to me by Wing.‎ Right now I am working on some more Mandarin words—it’s the least I can do after such a display of kindness.‎ ‎“Thank you” is，of course，the first one，which somehow seems inadequate.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者与邻居之间的故事。‎ ‎21．The author and Wing got to know each other .‎ A．as next door neighbors B．when exchanging meals C．by sharing similar experiences D．after using an iPad to communicate 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的前三句可知，作者与这位老太太是邻居。所以A项正确。‎ ‎22．The underlined word “reciprocate” in Paragraph 5 probably means “ ”．‎ A．do as well B．offer generously C．give in return D．accept with pleasure 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。通读第五段的内容可知，作者认为老太太一直为自己送饭，而自己几乎不能为老太太做本国的家乡菜，即作者是几乎不能回报她的。C项意为“回报”，故选C。‎ B The other day I was doing some shopping and a homeless man，who was untidy and spent most of the time talking to no one in particular(特别地)，walked toward a group of us at the checkout stand.I overheard him say to the man in front of me，“I don’t want to steal from this store...would you buy me some food？”‎ The man in front of me pretended not to hear him；it was as if he were not there.I waited patiently for my turn to be questioned，but it never came.So I asked him，“Can I buy you something to eat？” He gladly accepted.The man got a bag and began putting cupcakes in the bag.As my items were being rung up I watched the man put the cupcakes into the bag；1,2,3...He finally stopped and I asked him how many he had got and he replied 6.‎ The cashier looked at me in surprise and then added them to my order.After I was through，the man was walking around the store；he said he wanted something to drink，too.The cashier seemed to be keeping a close eye on him.I admit I was too，as I didn’t want him to steal anything either！I told the cashier that if he got a drink I’d just pay for it.‎ In the end，we both ended up leaving the store，but he stood right outside holding the cupcakes and talking to himself.Or maybe he was talking with someone who he thought was there.‎ This man’s circumstances(处境) saddened me.How many of our homeless also suffer from a mental(精神的) illness？Maybe that’s even what led him to be homeless.I also thought about the watchful eye the cashier and I kept over him.Maybe for different reasons，but still.I hope to run into him again someday...maybe we can sit down and have lunch together.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者在商店购物时遇到一个流浪汉，当时这个流浪汉要求排在作者前面的顾客为他购买食物，否则他就要去偷了。这位顾客没有理会他，但作者却帮助了他，为他买了食物和饮品，从而避免了他去偷盗。作者在文章最后表达了他对无家可归的人的同情和关爱。‎ ‎23．What did the man in front of the author do when the homeless man talked to him?‎ A．He walked to the checkout stand.‎ B．He asked him some questions.‎ C．He bought some food for him.‎ D．He ignored him.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The man in front of me pretended not to hear him；it was as if he were not there.”可知，排在作者前面的顾客装作没有看到那个流浪汉，无视流浪汉的存在。‎ ‎24．Why did the cashier keep a close eye on the homeless man?‎ A．He was afraid that the homeless man would steal.‎ B．He had a great interest in the homeless man’s behavior.‎ C．He wanted to prevent the homeless man from making trouble.‎ D．He needed to make sure the homeless man would make a payment.‎ 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The cashier seemed to be keeping a close eye on him.I admit I was too，as I didn’t want him to steal anything either！”可知，收银员紧盯着流浪汉的原因是怕他偷东西。‎ ‎25．What did the homeless man do after leaving the store?‎ A．He talked with someone.‎ B．He spoke to himself.‎ C．He thanked the author.‎ D．He ate the cupcakes.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In the end，we both ended up leaving the store，but he stood right outside holding the cupcakes and talking to himself.”可知，流浪汉走出商店后就开始自言自语。‎ ‎26．Which of the following can best describe the author?‎ A．Patient. B．Reliable.‎ C．Caring. D．Responsible.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。阅读全文可知，在其他顾客无视流浪汉的存在时，作者却帮助了他，为他购买了食物和饮品，并在知道他可能患有精神疾病后，希望能再次遇见他，请他一起用餐。由此可推知，作者是一个关心他人、充满爱心的人。‎ Ⅳ.七选五 ‎(2018•黑龙江大庆高二期中质量检测)‎ Camping on Erupting Volcano Santiaguito in Guatemala Guatemala’s active volcano Santiaguito erupts with an explosion of hot ash and rocks every few hours.However，as an adventurelover，I decided to go camping on it.‎ ‎• 27 ‎ We were about to climb 8 hours and set up camp on an inactive volcanic vent，right next to the active one.This was not a normal activity.Most visitors to the area just hike up neighboring Santa Maria and gaze down from a safe distance at Santiaguito exploding from over a mile away.Only crazy people would attempt to camp on the erupting volcano itself.But I managed to round up 6 more crazy people to join me.‎ ‎•Not a walk in the park.‎ ‎ 28 All this has to be done with full packs loaded with 6 liters of water each，and everything else we’d need for 2 days on a barren volcano.‎ ‎• 29 ‎ It feels as though we’ve left planet earth，and are now hiking on the lunar surface.Everything is covered in a thick layer of ash，making the whole landscape colorless.Steam is rising up through vents in the ground.Clouds and fog are moving in all around us，sometimes making it impossible to see more than 10 feet ahead. 30 Over the past 8 hours our group of total strangers has turned into a remarkable team—everyone looking up at each other’s back.‎ ‎•Was it worth the trip?‎ Well，after the mentally and physically exhausting day of difficult and technical climbing，we were treated to an incredible view: Everything under our feet was taken in a glance.‎ ‎ 31 ‎ A．Prepare for the worst.‎ B．Yes，it was worth it.‎ C．Welcome to the moon.‎ D．Crazy people wanted.‎ E．Now it’s time to slide down the steep slopes of the volcano.‎ F．But with handy equipment and strong communication，all of us safely make it to the top.‎ G．To achieve our mission，we’d have to hike and climb with difficulty for the majority of the trip.‎ 语篇解读　文章主要讲述了作者和一些同伴在正在喷发的火山旁宿营的一次疯狂经历。‎ ‎27．答案　D 解析　由下文中的“Only crazy people would attempt to camp on the erupting volcano itself.But I managed to round up 6 more crazy people to join me.”可知，本段主要讲疯狂的人在正在喷发的火山旁宿营，故选D。‎ ‎28．答案　G 解析　由空后的“All this has to be done with full packs loaded with 6 liters of water each，and everything else we’d need for 2 days on a barren volcano.”可知，这是一项艰巨的任务，故选G。‎ ‎29．答案　C 解析　由该空后一句“It feels as though we’ve left planet earth，and are now hiking on the lunar surface.”可知C项“欢迎来到月球”符合语境。‎ ‎30．答案　F 解析　由该空后一句“Over the past 8 hours our group of total strangers has turned into a remarkable team—everyone looking up at each other’s back.”可知，因为有便利的设备和很强的通讯，我们所有人都安全到达了顶峰，故选F。‎ ‎31．答案　B 解析　由“Was it worth the trip？”及下文中的“we were treated to an incredible view”可知，这一切都是值得的，故选B。‎ Period Four　 Project ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共10题；每题1分，满分10分)‎ ‎1．chaos n．混乱，杂乱，紊乱 ‎2．colleague n．同事 ‎3．muddy adj.多泥的，泥泞的→mud n．泥，泥浆 ‎4．damp adj.潮湿的 ‎5．bacteria n．(pl.) 细菌 ‎6．shelter n．住所；藏身之处 ‎7．staff n．全体员工 ‎8．barrier n．障碍，隔阂；屏障，障碍物 ‎9．interpreter n．口译工作者，口译译员→interpret v．诠释，说明；口译 ‎10．angle n．角度 Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共15题；每题2分，满分30分)‎ ‎11．commitment n．承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事→commit v．承诺；投入；犯(错误)‎ ‎12．assistant n．助理，助手adj.助理的，副的→assist v．协助 ‎13．vacant adj.空着的，未被占用的；(职位)空缺的 ‎14．crowd n．人群vi.& vt.挤满，塞满，使拥挤→crowded adj.拥挤的 ‎15．remind vt.提醒，使想起 ‎16．alternative adj.可供替代的 n．可供选择的事物 ‎17．remote adj.偏远的，偏僻的 ‎18．possession n．个人财产；拥有，具有→possess vt.拥有，具有 ‎19．means n．手段，方法 ‎20．primitive adj.原始的 ‎21．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 ‎22．heating n．供暖；供暖系统，暖气设备 ‎23．well n．井，水井 ‎24．container n．容器；集装箱 ‎25．troublesome adj.麻烦的，讨厌的，棘手的 Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10题；每题2分，满分20分)‎ ‎26．in chaos处于混乱状态 ‎27．in a mess杂乱不堪 ‎28．put on weight 发胖 ‎29．get hold of得到；抓住 ‎30．think back to回想 ‎31．from place to place从一地到另一地 ‎32．remind somebody of让某人想起……‎ ‎33．find out查明，弄清(情况)‎ ‎34．be limited to doing sth.被限制在做某事上 ‎35．make a difference有作用(关系、影响)Ⅳ.完成句子(共5题；每题8分，满分40分)‎ ‎36．Arrived here to find everything was in chaos.‎ 来到这里后发现一切都是乱糟糟的。‎ ‎37．Running from one place to another became a way of life.‎ 辗转奔波成了一种生活方式。‎ ‎38．...there is mud and water everywhere，making it difficult to travel from place to place.‎ ‎……到处都是泥浆和水，因此从一个地方转移到另一个地方非常艰难。‎ ‎39．One of the health problems is that people who need to take medicines regularly cannot get hold of them in a disaster such as this.‎ 有关健康的难题之一是：那些需要定期服药的病人遇到这样的灾难后无法得到药品。‎ ‎40．It seems that many people here just need to talk，so I am finding that my job is not limited to being a nurse.‎ 在这里，很多人似乎只是需要交谈，所以，我发现我的工作并不局限于做一名护士了。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思 ‎[第一组]‎ ‎1．commitment　　 A．空着的，未被占用的；(职位)空缺的 ‎2．chaos B．同事 ‎3．colleague C．承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事 ‎4．assistant D．助理，助手；助理的，副的 ‎ ‎5．vacant E．混乱，杂乱，紊乱 答案　1.C　2.E　3.B　4.D　5.A ‎[第二组]‎ ‎6．muddy A．潮湿的 ‎7．damp B．细菌 ‎8．bacteria C．住所；藏身之处 ‎9．shelter D．多泥的，泥泞的 ‎10．crowd E．挤满，塞满，使拥挤；人群 答案　6.D　7.A　8.B　9.C　10.E ‎[第三组]‎ ‎11．remind A．口译工作者，口译译员 ‎12．staff B．障碍，隔阂；屏障，障碍物 ‎13．barrier C．角度 ‎14．interpreter D．全体员工 ‎15．angle E．提醒，使想起 答案　11.E　12.D　13.B　14.A　15.C ‎ ‎ Step 1　Fastreading True(T) or False(F)．‎ ‎1．There is not much work to do，so she can write her diary every day.(F)‎ ‎2．The town is in ruins，but fortunately the hospital remains in good condition and usable.(F)‎ ‎3．Before working in this island，she has never worked in poor areas.(F)‎ ‎4．There are altogether five people on the medical team：two doctors，one nurse and two assistants.(T)‎ ‎5．She worried that malnutrition would be a problem in the future because the fields and harvest had been destroyed.(T)‎ Step 2　Carefulreading ‎1．The author arrived at the island to find everything was .‎ A．in order B．in chaos C．in danger D．in good condition 答案　B ‎2．While in Sudan，the author and the other members of the medical team gave children shots to stop them dying from diseases in .‎ A．cities B．villages C．schools D．hospitals 答案　B ‎3．When the author thinks back to what she has done since joining Doctors without Borders，she feels .‎ A．nervous B．sorry C．lucky D．surprised 答案　C ‎4．Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?‎ A．Several Doctors without Borders staff were attacked in Sudan when people tried to get the food.‎ B．The water makes it difficult for the cuts and wounds to get better.‎ C．The author is proud that she can make a difference to people’s lives.‎ D．The author can’t speak English or French.‎ 答案　D ‎ ‎ Step 3　Postreading After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.‎ Conditions of the island ◆The whole island is 1.flooded.‎ ‎ ◆Many people have 2.fled to the mountains to escape.‎ ‎ ◆The hospital is badly damaged and in a 3.mess.‎ ‎ ◆The water makes it difficult for the cuts and wounds to get better and easy for 4.bacteria to spread.‎ ‎ ◆The city lacks 5.shelter，medicine，food and clean water.‎ ‎ ◆The fields and 6.harvest have been destroyed.‎ Good things ◆Many people can speak English or 7.French.‎ ‎ ◆8.Food has started to arrive.‎ ‎ ◆Medical 9.supplies are on their way from abroad.‎ ‎ ◆The 10.clinic will be open.‎ ‎ ‎ 重点词汇 ‎ Changing the world—my commitment 改变世界——我的义务 commitment n．承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事 ‎※make a commitment to do sth.答应做某事 ‎※commit v．犯(错误、罪行)；承诺，保证 commit a crime犯罪 commit suicide自杀 commit oneself to (doing) sth.答应(做)某事 ‎(1)One hundred percent commitment to your studies will leave precious marks on your youth.‎ 对你的学习的百分之百的投入会给你的青春留下珍贵的印记。‎ ‎(2)No matter what difficulty you will meet with，carry out your commitment.‎ 不管你会遇到什么困难，都要履行承诺。‎ ‎(3)She didn’t want to commit herself to doing(do) the work.她不愿对做那项工作作任何承诺。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(4)When we were at school，we made a to work together in the future，but he broke his promise later.‎ A．commitment B．contribution C．presentation D．consequence 答案　A 解析　句意为：当我们在学校时，我们承诺将来一起工作。但后来他违背了诺言。commitment承诺；contribution贡献；presentation报告；consequence 结果。‎ ‎ One of the health problems is that people who need to take medicines regularly cannot get hold of them in a disaster such as this.‎ 有关健康的难题之一是：那些需要定期服药的病人遇到这样的灾难后无法得到药品。‎ get hold of得到；抓住 catch hold of抓住；拿着；握住；占有 keep hold of握紧 take hold of握住；控制住，吸引 have a hold over/on ...对……有影响 ‎(1)Get hold of the rope or you will fall.‎ 抓住绳子，否则你会掉下去的。‎ ‎(2)Catch hold of it when the opportunity comes，or you’ll regret later.‎ 当机遇来临时，抓住它，否则你将后悔。‎ ‎(3)The music took hold of the children who were playing happily.‎ 这音乐吸引了那些正在快乐玩耍的孩子们。‎ ‎(4)She tried to keep hold of the child’s hand.‎ 她尽力握紧那个孩子的手。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(5)As a grassroots singer，she reads everything she can concerning music，and takes every opportunity to improve herself.‎ A．catch sight of B．get hold of C．take charge of D．make mention of 答案　B 解析　句意为：作为一名草根歌手，她读了她能够找到的一切与音乐有关的东西，并且抓住一切机会提高自己。get hold of找到，得到，抓住，符合句意。catch sight of看见；take charge of负责；make mention of提到。‎ ‎ Meanwhile，in the rest of the city，shelter and access to food and clean water are big problems.‎ 与此同时，在这座城市的其他地区，住所、食物和干净饮用水的供给都成了大问题。‎ shelter n．住所，藏身之处；庇护，避难处 v．庇护，躲避 take/seek shelter from躲避……‎ under the shelter of在……的庇护下 give shelter to庇护……‎ shelter...from...保护……免受……‎ ‎(1)I took/sought shelter at a bus stop from the rain last night.昨晚我在公共汽车站躲雨。‎ ‎(2)Under the shelter of a tent，a crowd gathered for a lunch.‎ 在帐篷的庇护下，一群人聚在一起吃午餐。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(3)Some parents are just too protective.They want to their kids from every kind of danger，real or imagined.‎ A．spot B．dismiss C．shelter D．distinguish 答案　C 解析　dismiss sb.from sth.解雇某人，开除某人；shelter sb.from sth.保护某人免受……；distinguish...from...把……与……区别开来；spot看见，发现，不与from 连用。根据句意可知选C项。‎ ‎ This morning，there were fights as crowds of people tried to get food.‎ 今天上午，几群人由于争抢食品发生了好几次打斗。‎ crowd n．[C] 人群vi.& vt.挤满，塞满，使拥挤 ‎※a crowd of/crowds of一大群，很多 crowd into挤进 ‎※crowded adj.拥挤的 be crowded with挤满了……‎ ‎(1)By the time the ambulance arrived，a crowd of onlookers had gathered.‎ 当救护车赶到时，一大群旁观者聚在一起。‎ ‎(2)We all crowded into her office to sing “Happy Birthday to You”．‎ 我们全都涌进她的办公室，唱“祝你生日快乐”歌。‎ ‎(3)It was two weeks before Christmas and the mall was crowded with shoppers.‎ 离圣诞节还有两个星期，商场里就挤满了购物者。‎ ‎[语境串记]‎ ‎(4)The crowd crowded into the crowded town hall.‎ 民众涌入了拥挤的市政大厅。‎ ‎ It reminded me of my time in Sudan，where several Doctors without Borders staff were attacked as people tried to get the food.‎ 这使我想起了在苏丹的那段时间，当时人们哄抢食物，有好几名“无国界医生组织”的工作人员受到了攻击。‎ remind vt.提醒，使想起 remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事；提醒某人某事 remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事 remind sb.that...提醒某人……‎ ‎(1)The picture reminded me of my school days.‎ 这张照片使我想起了我的学生时代。‎ ‎(2)She reminded me that I hadn’t watered the flowers.她提醒我还没有浇花。‎ ‎(3)Passengers are reminded(remind) that no smoking is allowed on this train.‎ 乘客们被提醒在这列火车上不准抽烟。‎ ‎(4)Remind me to buy(buy) some milk tonight.‎ 提醒我今天晚上买点牛奶。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(5)—I told you to bring a dictionary with you before school was over.‎ ‎—I am sorry，but this morning I was in such a hurry that I forgot of that.‎ A．to remind B．being reminded C．to be reminded D．reminding 答案　B 解析　forget doing sth.表示“忘了曾做过某事”，很明显“提醒”已发生，故用动名词形式，而且remind和I 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动名词的被动语态。‎ ‎ I know I can’t change the whole world，but I’m proud that I can help here and there，and make a difference to people’s lives.‎ 我知道我无法改变整个世界，但我很自豪，因为我能在各处帮忙，改变人们的生活。‎ make a difference 有作用(关系、影响)‎ make a difference (to sb./sth.)(对……)有作用(关系、影响) make no/little/much/some difference (to sb./sth.)(对……)没有/几乎没有/有很大/有些影响 make all the difference (to sb./sth.)(对……)关系重大，大不相同 tell the difference between A and B　区分A和B的不同 ‎(1)It’s what you do today that will make a difference to your life tomorrow.‎ 你今天做的事情会对你明天的生活产生很大的影响。‎ ‎(2)It makes no difference to me whether he comes here or not.他来不来这儿对我没有影响。‎ ‎[写作佳句]‎ ‎(3)One false step will make a great difference.‎ ‎(谚)失之毫厘，谬以千里。‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(4)The boy is old enough to the difference right and wrong.‎ A．speak；from B．tell；between C．say；of D．judge；from 答案　B 解析　句意为：这个男孩已经长大了，能够辨别是非了。tell the difference between A and B　说出A和B的不同。‎ 经典句式 Instead of sand blowing everywhere，there is mud and water everywhere，making it difficult to travel from place to place.‎ 这里没有随处飞扬的沙尘，但到处都是泥浆和水，因此从一个地方转移到另一个地方非常艰难。‎ ‎※making it difficult to travel为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语＋to do”的形式，即make的复合结构；it是形式宾语，后边的不定式短语是真正的宾语。‎ ‎※英语中有些动词，如：find，feel，think，make等后面可跟复合结构，在这种复合结构中，真正的宾语可以是不定式或that从句等，而it作形式宾语。‎ ‎(1)He made it a rule to check his homework carefully before handing it in.‎ 他养成了把家庭作业仔细检查一遍才上交的习惯。‎ ‎(2)I think it important to learn English well.‎ 我觉得学好英语是很重要的。‎ ‎(3)Do you think it necessary that they should send more people over there?‎ 你认为他们有必要派更多的人去那儿吗？‎ ‎[单项填空]‎ ‎(4)Susan made clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.‎ A．that B．this C．it D．her 答案　C 解析　此题考查it作形式宾语，常用于make，find，like，hate等动词之后，真正的宾语为后面的“that she wished to...herself”。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．If you cannot make a commitment(承诺) for this length of time then the puppy is not for you.‎ ‎2．The teacher said that he would like to choose an assistant(助手) among us.‎ ‎3．He does not know what to do with his vacant(空闲的) time.‎ ‎4．We drove along a muddy(泥泞的) lane to reach the farmhouse.‎ ‎5．The government provides them with not only food and shelter(避难所)，but also the basic skills for their living.‎ ‎6．The avenues of the area were crowded(拥挤的) with visitors.‎ ‎7．At every moment I was reminded(提醒) of the difficulties we had.‎ ‎8．Staff(全体员工) are encouraged to use the library for professional selfdevelopment.‎ ‎9．They got used to the strange life and soon overcame the language barrier(障碍)．‎ ‎10．He is a generous man and can always get on well with his colleagues(同事)．‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 get hold of，remind...of，flee to，think back to，make a difference ‎11．When I think back to my days in the remote village，I feel warm.‎ ‎12．The photos often remind him of the golden years of his life.‎ ‎13．It will make a difference to me what you say about my performance.‎ ‎14．Where can I get hold of some stamps?‎ ‎15．Many German artists fled to America at the beginning of World War Ⅱ.‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎16．He thinks it his duty to help others.‎ 他认为帮助别人是他的职责。‎ ‎17．He hurried to the airport，only to be told that the film star had left.‎ 他匆忙地赶到机场，却被告知那位电影明星已经离开了。‎ ‎18．Don’t miss the chance to realize your dream.‎ 不要错过这个可以实现你的梦想的机会。‎ ‎19．Remind me to phone my mother before I go out.‎ 提醒我在出去之前给我妈妈打电话。‎ ‎20．She has been absent again，as is expected.‎ 正如预料的那样，她再次缺席。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．When he fell into the river he got hold of a log and climbed up.‎ ‎2．Be sure to remind her to come(come) back early.‎ ‎3．There are three candidates for the vacancy(vacant)．‎ ‎4．Football is played in more than 160 countries，making(make) it popular all over the world.‎ ‎5．The president has committed himself(he) to reforming health care.‎ ‎6．Shops were crowded with customers looking over the colourful displays.‎ ‎7．I make it a rule to take a short walk after supper.‎ ‎8．After the earthquake，the area was in chaos：no electricity，roads blocked，injured people everywhere.‎ ‎9．Your support will certainly make a difference to our cause.‎ ‎10．They walked along a muddy(mud) road and there was a lot of mud on the road.‎ Ⅱ.单项填空 ‎11．—The house price is decreasing，but I still feel like renting one.‎ ‎—OK！That house is still and you can try to call up.‎ A．convenient B．vacant C．free D．handy 答案　B 解析　答句句意为：好的！那座房子仍然空着，你可以打电话试一试。vacant空的，未被占用的，符合题意。convenient方便的，便利的；free自由的；handy手边的。‎ ‎12．Your desk is crowded too many unnecessary things.You have to remove some of them.‎ A．at B．in C．on D．with 答案　D 解析　句意为：你的桌子上放满了太多不必要的东西，你得移走一些。be crowded with挤满了……，为固定短语。‎ ‎13．Donald Trump，the newly elected US president，made a to the nation that he would strive to lower taxes and improve health care after taking office.‎ A．contribution B．commitment C．devotion D．donation 答案　B 解析　句意为：美国新当选总统唐纳德•特朗普向国民承诺，就职后他将尽力减税并提高医疗水平。make a commitment to 对……作出承诺。故选B项。‎ ‎14． not to drive after drinking，some drivers are still trying their luck，which is really dangerous.‎ A．Being reminded B．To remind C．Having reminded D．Reminded 答案　D 解析　句意为：尽管被提醒不要酒后开车，一些司机仍然心存侥幸，这十分危险。remind和其逻辑主语some drivers是动宾关系，也就是说，司机是被提醒的。故选D项。‎ ‎15．—Why don’t you try to do exercise to lose weight?‎ ‎—I have tried everything but it has made little .‎ A．use B．result C．conclusion D．difference 答案　D 解析　make little difference意为“几乎不起作用”，符合语境。‎ ‎16．Though the suspect refused to admit that he had stolen the precious diamond at first，he and admitted everything when he was shown the videotape.‎ A．broke off B．broke away C．broke down D．broke into 答案　C 解析　句意为：尽管犯罪嫌疑人一开始拒绝承认偷了这颗贵重的钻石，但当他看到监控录像时他精神崩溃并承认了一切。break down (健康、精神)垮掉，符合句意。break off中止，中断；break away强行逃脱；break into闯入。‎ ‎17．—I was reading The Romance of the Three Kingdoms yesterday，but I couldn’t understand it.‎ ‎— .It is classical literature，so take your time to enjoy it.‎ A．Don’t fly off the handle B．Don’t be over the moon C．More haste，less speed D．You got me there 答案　C 解析　Don’t fly off the handle别冲动，别生气；Don’t be over the moon不要太高兴；More haste，less speed欲速则不达；You got me there你把我难住了。由语境“我一直在读《三国演义》，但是却读不懂”，及空后的回答“这是古典文学，所以你要慢慢欣赏”可知，此处选C最合适。‎ ‎18．The children went happily to the park，only that most of the scenic spots were being repaired and couldn’t be visited.‎ A．to find B．found C．finding D．to be found 答案　A 解析　句意为：孩子们高高兴兴地去了公园，结果却发现大部分的景点正在被维修而不能参观。不定式短语only to do作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果。‎ ‎19．Usually there is a speed of 30km/h in towns or villages.‎ A．level B．standard C．limit D．degree 答案　C 解析　句意为：通常在城镇或乡村的时速限制为每小时30公里。a speed limit限速，符合题意。‎ ‎20．The pictures us of the days we spent in Beijing.‎ A．remember；that B．warn；when C．remind；when D．remind；that 答案　D 解析　句意为：这些照片使我们想起了在北京度过的日子。第一个空考查固定短语remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事；第二个空考查定语从句引导词，先行词是days，从句中缺少宾语，所以用关系代词that。故选D。‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅲ.完形填空 There was nobody on the park bench as I sat down to read under the long branches of an old willow tree.I was 21 with life，for the world always let me down.‎ At that time，a young boy out of breath walked 22 me，tired of play.He stood right before me and said 23 ，“Look what I found！”‎ In his hand was a flower，and what a 24 sight，with its petals(花瓣) all falling.Wanting him to take his 25 flower and go off to play，I gave him a small smile and then 26 away.‎ However，instead of going away，he sat next to my side and placed the flower to his 27 and said with surprise，“It sure smells pretty and it’s beautiful，too.That’s 28 I picked it；here，it’s for you.”‎ The flower before me was dying or dead.But I knew I must take it，or he might never leave.So I 29 the flower，and replied，“Just what I need.”‎ But instead of placing the flower in my 30 ，he held it midair without reason or plan.It was then that I 31 for the very first time，that boy could not see：he was 32 .‎ I heard my 33 quiver(颤抖)，and tears shone like the sun as I thanked him for picking the very 34 one.“You’re welcome，” he smiled，and then ran off to play，unaware of the influence he’d had 35 me.‎ I sat there and wondered how he 36 to see a selfpitying woman under an old willow tree.How did he know of my difficult situation? Perhaps from his heart，he’d had 37 sight.‎ Through the 38 of a blind child，at last I could see，the problem was not with the 39 ；the problem was me.And for all of those times I myself had been blind，but now I was going to see beauty，and 40 every second that’s mine.‎ 语篇解读　本文作者告诉我们：要发现生活中的美好，好好享受自己的每分每秒。‎ ‎21．A.content B．disappointed C．satisfied D．angry 答案　B 解析　根据下文中的“for the world always let me down”可知，作者对人生很“失望”。‎ ‎22．A.around B．away from C．after D．towards 答案　D 解析　根据下文中的“He stood right before me”可知，小男孩是朝作者走来。walk towards朝……走来。‎ ‎23．A.excitedly B．unhappily C．angrily D．painfully 答案　A 解析　男孩所说的“Look what I found！”透露出了兴奋之情，故此处选excitedly。‎ ‎24．A.beautiful B．interesting C．colorful D．pitiful 答案　D 解析　由下半句“with its petals(花瓣) all falling”可知，此处选pitiful，意为“可怜的，令人同情的”。‎ ‎25．A.dead B．lively C．beautiful D．brightly 答案　A 解析　此处选dead，与上文“with its petals(花瓣) all falling”和第五段首句“The flower before me was dying or dead.”呼应。‎ ‎26．A.went B．turned C．walked D．put 答案　B 解析　作者想打发小男孩离开，向他微微笑了笑，然后转过脸去不想再搭理他。turn away意为“转过脸去”，符合文意。由下文中的“instead of going away，he sat next to my side”可知，作者并没有起身离开，故可排除went和walked。‎ ‎27．A.mouth B．ear C．nose D．eye 答案　C 解析　由下文男孩所说的“It sure smells pretty”可知，小男孩把花凑近鼻子来闻，故此题选nose。‎ ‎28．A.what B．where C．when D．why 答案　D 解析　此句中的That指代上文“It sure smells pretty and it’s beautiful，too.”，这句话所表达的内容是小男孩摘这朵花的原因，故此题选why。‎ ‎29．A.accepted B．destroyed C．received D．refused 答案　A 解析　根据上文中的“But I knew I must take it，or he might never leave.”可知，作者应该是“接受”了这朵花，故此题选accepted。‎ ‎30．A.leg B．bench C．hand D．side 答案　C 解析　送给别人花应该是把花放到对方手里，故此题选hand。place ...in one’s hand意为“把……放到某人手里”。‎ ‎31．A.spoke B．noticed C．listened D．said 答案　B 解析　这里表达的意思是“就在那时，我第一次‘注意到(notice)’那个男孩看不见东西”。该句是强调句，强调的部分是时间状语then。‎ ‎32．A.clever B．happy C．blind D．sad 答案　C 解析　由上文中的“that boy could not see”可知，应该选blind，下文最后一段也反复出现了这个词。‎ ‎33．A.sound B．tune C．noise D．voice 答案　D 解析　由下文中的“I thanked him for...”可知，作者向男孩表达了感激之情，听到的应该是自己说话时颤抖的声音，故本题选voice。‎ ‎34．A.best B．first C．strange D．bad 答案　A 解析　此题选best，这里用副词very修饰最高级，起强调作用。‎ ‎35．A.to B．in C．on D．with 答案　C 解析　此处考查固定短语have influence on sb.对某人有影响。此句中包含一个定语从句，influence被前置充当先行词，作从句谓语动词had的宾语。‎ ‎36．A.wanted B．managed C．failed D．thought 答案　B 解析　由上文可知，这个男孩是个盲人，所以作者对男孩是如何发现她这个在柳树下自怨自艾的女人的感到惊讶。manage to do sth.表示“设法成功做某事”，符合语境，故本题选managed。‎ ‎37．A.true B．kind C．happy D．sure 答案　A 解析　此句是对上句的自问自答，或许，在他内心里有真正的光明。‎ ‎38．A.ears B．mouth C．nose D．eyes 答案　D 解析　句意为：通过那个双目失明的孩子的眼睛，我终于明白，问题不在这个世界，而在于自己。由下文中的“at last I could see”可知此处选eyes。‎ ‎39．A.tear B．people C．world D．flower 答案　C 解析　根据第一段中的“for the world always let me down”可知这里应选world，与其形成首尾呼应。‎ ‎40．A.hate B．enjoy C．waste D．play 答案　B 解析　句意为：通过这件事，我发誓要发现生活中的美好，好好享受自己的每分每秒。根据上文“see beauty”可知此处选B项。‎ Ⅳ.阅读理解 A new study says one part of the human brain may become smaller as a result of a condition known as jet lag(时差)．Jet lag results from flying long distances in an airplane.Jet lag interferes with a person’s normal times for sleeping and waking.People with jet lag may feel extremely tired for several days.They also may have problems thinking clearly and remembering.‎ Kwangwook Cho is a researcher at the University of Bristol in Britain.He reported the findings of his jet lag study in the publication Nature Neuroscience.‎ The study involved twenty young women who worked for international airlines.The women had served passengers on airplanes for five years.These flight attendants flew across many countries and at least seven time zones.In the study，the flight attendants had different amounts of time to recover from jet lag.Half the women spent five days or fewer in their home areas between long flights.The other half spent more than fourteen days in their home areas.‎ Mister Cho took some fluid from the women’s mouths to measure levels of a hormone that increases during stress.He tested them to see if they could remember where black spots appeared on a computer screen.And he took pictures of their brains using magnetic resonance imaging.This is a way to measure the size of the brain’s temporal lobes.‎ It was found that the women who had less time between flights had smaller right temporal lobes.This area of the brain deals with recognizing and remembering what is seen.The same group performed worse and had slower reaction times on the visual memory test.And their saliva samples showed higher levels of stress hormones.‎ Mister Cho says he believes the brain needs at least ten days to recover after a long trip.He says airline workers told him their ability to remember got worse after working on planes for about ‎ four years.Other studies have shown that increased feelings of stress can cause a loss of cells in the part of the brain that controls memory.‎ Scientists say more tests are needed to study the effects of jet lag on the brain.They want to find out if too much jet lag could permanently affect memory.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇科普类文章，介绍了科学家对于飞行时差对人脑产生的影响所做的实验。‎ ‎41．According to the text，jet lag .‎ A．can cause difficulties in speaking B．can make people feel tired for a few weeks C．is the illness only found in people who work on the airplanes D．can be caused by flying over several time zones in an airplane 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Jet lag results from flying long distances in an airplane.”及该段倒数第二句“People with jet lag may feel extremely tired for several days.”可知，时差是由于长时间乘坐飞机造成的。‎ ‎42．It is inferred that more tests need to be done because .‎ A．the conclusion was questioned by many scientists B．scientists fear that their researches are not done properly C．every scientific conclusion needs the support from many tests D．the women who were studied in the research were not healthy 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Scientists say more tests are needed to study the effects of jet lag on the brain.”可知，每个科学的结论都需要很多实验来证明。‎ ‎43．What is the subject discussed in the test?‎ A．The cause of jet lag.‎ B．A story of a group of flight attendants.‎ C．A research about the effects of jet lag on the brain.‎ D．The importance of having enough rest after long flights.‎ 答案　C 解析　主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“A new study says one part of the human brain may become smaller as a result of a condition known as jet lag(时差)．”可知，这篇文章讲的是飞行时差对大脑的影响。故选C项。‎ Ⅴ.语法填空 ‎(2018•湖南株洲质检)‎ Located in a natural depression in Guizhou，China’s Fivehundredmeter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope， 44 (know) as FAST，has identified six pulsars(脉冲星) after one year of trial operation.It is the first time that Chinese scientists have discovered pulsars using a radio telescope independently developed by Chinese scientists，thus 45 (open) a “new era of Chinese original space discovery”．‎ It is truly encouraging for China to have achieved such results in just one year.Since the first pulsar 46 (discover)，over 2,700 pulsars have been identified.But almost all of them are 47 the scope of the Milky Way(银河系)．Being the world’s largest radio telescope，FAST is expected to capture pulsars outside the galaxy.Apart from the massive size，it also has ‎ unmatched accuracy and sensitivity，allowing scientists 48 (find) previously hidden stars.Moreover，FAST is capable of surveying the night sky for multiple 49 (science) data at once， 50 enables astronomers to jumpstart many science goals.Its innovative engineering concept and design pave 51 new road to realize a huge single dish in the most effective way.‎ China’s FAST science impact on astronomy will be extraordinary，and has the potential to revolutionize other 52 (area) of the natural sciences.It 53 (remain) the global leader for the next 10 to 20 years.‎ 语篇解读　文章报道了中国科学家第一次使用自主研发的射电望远镜发现并确定了六颗脉冲星。‎ ‎44．答案　known 解析　考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知，句中主语Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope和动词know是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语，故填known。‎ ‎45．答案　opening 解析　考查现在分词。此处thus指代“这是中国科学家第一次使用由中国科学家自主研发的射电望远镜发现脉冲星”。这一发现和动词open是主动关系，此处作状语用动词ing形式，指“这一发现开创了中国原创空间探索的新时代”，故填opening。‎ ‎46．答案　was discovered 解析　考查动词的时态和语态。句中主语the first pulsar和动词discover是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，指“第一个脉冲星被发现”，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was discovered。‎ ‎47．答案　in/within 解析　考查介词。此处指几乎所有的脉冲星都在银河系的范围内，表示“在……之内”，故填in/within。‎ ‎48．答案　to find 解析　考查动词不定式。表示“允许某人做某事”用allow sb.to do sth.，故填to find。‎ ‎49．答案　scientific 解析　考查形容词。此处修饰名词data用形容词，指“科学的数据”，故填scientific。‎ ‎50．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句，用关系代词which引导，指代前面整个句子，故填which。‎ ‎51．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。句中road是单数可数名词，此处指“其创新的工程理念和设计铺设了一条新路”，故填a。‎ ‎52．答案　areas 解析　考查名词。句中area是可数名词，由other修饰用复数形式，指其他领域。故填areas。‎ ‎53．答案　will remain 解析　考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语the next 10 to 20 years可知用一般将来时，表示在未来10到20年将保持全球领先地位。故填will remain。‎ Ⅵ.微写作 ‎ 写作素材 (关于贫困问题)‎ ‎1．现在，许多人依旧生活贫困。‎ ‎2．他们缺衣少食。‎ ‎3．幸运的是，政府正在想尽一切办法帮助他们，公众也向他们捐款。‎ ‎4．此外，许多年轻人做志愿工作，到偏远地区教孩子们读书。‎ 提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。‎ ‎ 连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)‎ Nowadays many people still live in poverty and they lack food and clothes. Luckily，the government is trying every means to help them and the public also contribute money to them. In addition，many young people do some voluntary work to teach children in the remote areas.‎ Period Five　Grammar—Unreal conditionals and things hoped for or desired ‎ ‎ 感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题 ‎1．If you had asked him yesterday，you would know what to do now.‎ ‎2．He looks as if he had seen a ghost.‎ ‎3．He looks as if he were an artist.‎ ‎4．If only the alarm clock had rung!‎ ‎5．If only I were you!‎ ‎6．I wish he had visited us last night.‎ ‎7．I would rather (that) I had not seen it.‎ ‎8．I would rather you painted the wall green next time.‎ ‎9．I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.‎ ‎10．It is time that the children went/should go to bed.‎ ‎1．句1中从句的谓语动词为had asked，是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；主句的谓语动词为would know，是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。‎ ‎2．由句2、句3、句4和句5可以看出，as if从句和if only后的句子常用虚拟语气。表示对过去事实的虚拟用过去完成时，如句2和句4；表示对现在事实的虚拟用一般过去时(be动词常用were)，如句3和句5。‎ ‎3．由句6、句7和句8可以看出，wish和would rather后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气。表示对过去事实的虚拟用过去完成时，如句6和句7；would rather后接的宾语从句中若表示对将来事实的虚拟则用一般过去时，如句8。‎ ‎4．在表示建议、命令、要求等意义的词如suggest，order，command，require等词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词常用(should＋)动词原形，如句9。‎ ‎5．由句10可以看出，在句型“It is time that...”中，从句的谓语动词可以使用一般过去时或“should＋动词原形”，should不能省略。‎ ‎ ‎ 一、错综时间条件句 在这种条件句中，虚拟条件句即条件从句和主句所指时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词时态。‎ If I were you，I wouldn’t have missed the film last night.‎ 如果我是你，我就不会错过昨晚那场电影。‎ If they had started in the early morning，they would arrive in half an hour.‎ 如果他们一大早就出发，再过半小时就该到了。‎ 二、含蓄条件句 不是用条件句而是由介词或介词短语(without...，but for...)，连词(but)，副词(otherwise)或上下文等表示某种假设的情况。‎ Without electricity(＝If there were no electricity)，life would be quite different today.‎ 如果没有电，现在的生活将会大不相同。‎ I was ill that day.Otherwise，I would have taken part in the sports meeting.‎ 那天我病了。否则，我就参加运动会了。‎ 三、虚拟语气在as if/though，if only后的从句中的应用 ‎1．as if/though引导的表语从句或方式状语从句表示与事实相反的情况时也用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反用一般过去时(be动词用were)；与过去事实相反用过去完成时(had done)；与将来事实相反用“would/should/could/might＋动词原形”。‎ The young man with long hair walks as if he were a small girl.‎ 留长发的那个小伙子走起路来就像个小姑娘。‎ ‎2．if only表示“要是……就好了”，其后虚拟语气的用法见前面Period Three“经典句式”中讲的。‎ If only I had come to the party yesterday.‎ 如果昨天我来参加晚会就好了。‎ 四、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 ‎1．表示“建议、命令、要求”的动词insist，demand，require，request，propose，suggest，command，order等后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。‎ He ordered that the students (should) wash the clothes every week by themselves.‎ 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。‎ 注意：suggest意为“暗示，表明”；insist意为“坚持说，坚持认为”时，从句中应用陈述语气。‎ The look on his face suggested he was upset.‎ 他脸上的表情表明他很沮丧。‎ He insisted that he was right.‎ 他坚持说他是对的。‎ ‎2．在wish后的宾语从句中，用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的情况；用“could/would＋动词原形”表示与将来事实相反的情况；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。‎ I wish I were 30 years younger.‎ 我真希望自己能年轻三十岁。‎ I wish I could fly to the moon some day.‎ 我真希望有一天我能飞到月球上去。‎ ‎3．在would rather后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时表示与现在或将来事实相反的情况；用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的情况。‎ I’d rather we had a rest now.‎ 我希望我们现在休息一下。‎ 五、虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用 ‎1．“It＋is＋形容词＋that引导的主语从句”句型中的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用动词原形或“should＋动词原形”。‎ 用于本句型中的形容词有：necessary，important，surprising，strange，shocking，natural，essential，reserved，urgent，impossible 等；还有与表示提议、要求、命令等动词有关的形容词，如desirable(←desire)，urgent(←urge)，advisable(←advise)，preferable(←prefer)等。‎ It is necessary that he (should) listen to the radio frequently.他很有必要常听收音机。‎ It is impossible that they (should) feel uncomfortable to live with us.‎ 他们跟我们住在一起不舒服，这不可能。‎ ‎2．“It＋is＋过去分词＋that引导的主语从句”句型中的虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用动词原形或“should＋动词原形”。‎ 用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议、要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested，required，requested，demanded，urged，proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。‎ It has been suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.有人建议推迟会议。‎ It is required that you (should) wear proper suits to take part in the party.‎ 参加这个晚会要求着装恰当。‎ 六、虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的应用 虚拟语气用在表示说话人的愿望(desire)，建议(suggestion，advice)，要求(requirement，demand)，命令(order，command)等名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，从句谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”。‎ Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.‎ 我们的建议是你应该按时到那儿。‎ What do you think of his suggestion that we (should) put on a play?‎ 他建议我们演一出剧，你觉得怎样？‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1. It’s strange that he have taken the books without the owner’s permission.‎ ‎(2018•江苏，24)‎ A．would B．should C．could D．might 答案　B 解析　句意为：真奇怪，他竟然未经主人的允许就把书拿走了。在it is strange/important/necessary/...that...句式中，从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”。‎ ‎2. There is a good social life in the village，and I wish I a second chance to become more involved.(2018•江苏，27)‎ A．had B．will have C．would have had D．have had 答案　A 解析　句意为：这个村子里有很好的社交生活，我希望我还有机会更多地参与其中。动词wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。根据句意可知，此处表示与现在的情况相反，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎3．—Do you have Betty’s phone number?‎ ‎—Yes.Otherwise，I able to reach her yesterday.(2017•天津，15)‎ A．hadn’t been B．wouldn’t have been C．weren’t D．wouldn’t be 答案　B 解析　句意为：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。不然我昨天就联系不上她了。由空前的Otherwise及句意可知应用虚拟语气，此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，谓语动词用would have done，故选B项。‎ ‎4．Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I as well as her.(2015•陕西，23)‎ A．dance B．will dance C．had danced D．danced 答案　D 解析　句意为：埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好那该有多好啊！I wish后接从句，从句用虚拟语气。由语境可知，此处叙述的是与现在事实相反的情况，故谓语动词一般用过去时，选D项。‎ ‎5．I wish I at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then.(2015•天津，13)‎ A．will be B．would be ‎ C．have been D．had been 答案　D 解析　句意为：要是我上周二参加了我姐姐的婚礼那该多好啊，但是当时我在纽约出差。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气；由I was on a business trip...可知是对过去发生过的事情的虚拟，故要用过去完成时。‎ ‎6．Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(2015•重庆，7)‎ A．didn’t write B．hadn’t written ‎ C．wouldn’t write D．wouldn’t have written 答案　D 解析　句意为：要是没有战争时的经历，海明威就不会写出他的著名小说《永别了，武器》。该句使用了含有without的含蓄虚拟语气，由语境知，这里是对过去情况的假设，因此主句部分用would/could/should/might＋have done，故D项正确。‎ ‎7．It is lucky we booked a room，or we nowhere to stay now.(2015•安徽，32)‎ A．had B．had had C．would have D．would have had 答案　C 解析　句意为：很幸运我们订了一个房间，否则我们现在将无处可住。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用“would＋动词原形”，故选C。‎ ‎8．They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or they to our help.(2014•浙江，16)‎ A．would have come B．could come C．have come D．had come 答案　A 解析　句意为：我们进行调研的那几个月他们出国了，要不然的话，他们就会来帮助我们了。由关键信息or可知，此处是隐含的虚拟条件句，or相当于if they hadn’t been abroad。这是在叙述与过去事实相反的情况，因此这里谓语动词用would have done，故A项正确。‎ ‎9．We would rather our daughter at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.(2014•陕西，23)‎ A．would stay B．has stayed C．stayed D．stay 答案　C 解析　would rather后跟宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来事实相反，用“had＋过去分词”表示与过去事实相反。根据后一句中的is可知，此处动词应用过去式，故选C项。‎ ‎10．It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I it？‎ ‎(2014•重庆，13)‎ A．had done B．have done C．did D．am doing 答案　A 解析　句意为：是约翰打坏了窗户。为什么你说得好像是我打坏的似的？题中broke发生在“过去”。as if/though后面的从句用had done表示对“过去”的虚拟。故A项正确。‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空 ‎1．If I had taken your advice，I wouldn’t be(be) in such trouble.‎ ‎2．Without your financial support，they wouldn’t have overcome(overcome) the setbacks.‎ ‎3．If only I had taken(take) my mother’s advice last night!‎ ‎4．The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students (should) be given(give) two weeks to prepare for the exam.‎ ‎5．He insisted that they (should) show(show) him their passports.‎ ‎6．The last chance has been lost.How he wishes he could/would have(have) one more!‎ ‎7．Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam (should) be(be) at the age of six months old.‎ ‎8．I would have gone(go) to my cousin’s birthday party last night，but I was not available.‎ ‎9．—Did you expect Frank to come to the party?‎ ‎—No，but I had hoped that he would come(come)．‎ ‎10．He remembers everything of his childhood as if it happened(happen) just now.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎11．But for your help，I would/could/might/should not have finished the work on time.‎ 要不是你的帮助，我不可能按时完成工作。‎ ‎12．My suggestion is that some volunteers (should) be sent there to help protect the Tibetan antelopes.‎ 我的建议是派一些志愿者去那里帮助保护藏羚羊。‎ ‎13．We didn’t know his telephone number；otherwise we would/could/should/might have telephoned him.‎ 我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话了。‎ ‎14．He speaks as if he had seen it with his own eyes.‎ 他说起来好像他亲眼见过似的。‎ ‎15．The mother ordered that the child (should) clean his room every day.‎ 妈妈命令这个孩子每天都要把自己的房间打扫干净。‎ Ⅲ.句型转换 ‎16．If you had followed my advice just now，you would be better now.‎ Had you followed my advice just now，you would be better now.‎ ‎17．If you hadn’t helped us，we wouldn’t have finished the work on time.‎ But for your help，we wouldn’t have finished the work on time.‎ ‎18．I was ill yesterday.Otherwise，I would have taken part in the meeting.‎ I was ill yesterday.If I hadn’t been ill，I would have taken part in the meeting.‎ ‎19．It is important for us to learn English well.‎ It is important that we should learn English well.‎ ‎20．The police demanded of us to leave the building at once.‎ The police demanded that we should leave the building at once.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 基础巩固 ‎ Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空 ‎1．He is too busy now；otherwise he would help(help) you with your English.‎ ‎2．—But for your timely warning，we would have got(get) into great trouble.‎ ‎—You know we’re friends.‎ ‎3．I failed in the maths exam.How I wish I hadn’t wasted(not，waste) so much time playing!‎ ‎4．If only I had known(know) his telephone number yesterday!‎ ‎5．He insisted that we (should) punish(punish) the boy.‎ ‎6．It is ordered that these doctors (should) be sent(send) to the area at once.‎ ‎7．The doctor’s suggestion is that I (should) lose(lose) weight.‎ ‎8．I’d rather you arrived(arrive) here today.‎ ‎9．I would have come(come) to the party last night，but I had an unexpected visitor then.‎ ‎10．It is necessary that the old (should) be examined(examine) once a year.‎ Ⅱ.单项填空 ‎11．If only I a solid foundation in Senior One! I wouldn’t be struggling in English now.(2018•镇江高二期末)‎ A．lay B．laid C．had laid D．were to lay 答案　C 解析　句意为：我要是在高一打下坚实的基础就好了！我现在就不会在英语上挣扎了。if only要是……就好了，用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的愿望用过去完成时，故选C。‎ ‎12．—Did you enjoy your trip?‎ ‎—Yes.But for your advice，we our stay in London half as much.‎ ‎(2018•北京师大附中高一期末)‎ A．didn’t enjoy B．hadn’t enjoyed C．wouldn’t enjoy D．wouldn’t have enjoyed 答案　D 解析　句意为：——你的旅途愉快吗？——是的。要不是你的建议，我们在伦敦的逗留时间不会有那么多。此处是虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，谓语动词用would have＋过去分词，but for相当于if虚拟语气的从句部分，此处用否定式，故答案为D。‎ ‎13．—How lucky! The tourist stopped at the last moment.‎ ‎—Indeed! One more step and he off the cliff(悬崖)．(2018•泰州高二期末)‎ A．would fall B．would have fallen C．may have fallen D．had fallen 答案　B 解析　本句是一个含蓄条件句，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，用“would/could/should/might＋have done”结构，这一结构中的情态动词不能用may。句意为：——真幸运啊！在最后一刻，这位游客停下来了。——的确。再走一步，他就会摔下悬崖。故B项正确。‎ ‎14．But for Miss Liu’s help，I have been admitted into Peking University.‎ ‎(2018•徐州高二期末)‎ A．wouldn’t B．should C．could D．might 答案　A 解析　句意为：要不是刘小姐的帮助，我就不会被北京大学录取了。此句是but for引起的含蓄条件句，该句是对过去的虚拟，主句部分用would have done形式。‎ ‎15．Last night，I to be fully absorbed in my work，but found myself disturbed by noises from my neighbour upstairs.(2018•徐州高二期末)‎ A．had intended B．were intended C．intended D．had been intended 答案　A 解析　句意为：昨晚我本来打算全神贯注地工作，但发现自己被楼上邻居的噪音弄得心烦意乱。had intended to do...意为“本来打算做某事而未做”，故选A项。‎ ‎ 能力提升 ‎ Ⅲ.阅读理解 ‎(2019•山东实验中学高三诊断)‎ You’ve probably visited the Tian’anmen Gatetower—the landmark building of Beijing，but you may not have heard of Kuai Xiang.Along with him，the following remarkable architects all took the center stage at their times.‎ Kuai Xiang(1399—1481)‎ Tian’anmen Gatetower is universally considered the brainchild of Kuai Xiang.By following in the footsteps of ancient homebuilders，he successfully presented the Emperor Judy with a grand wooden structure which has stood the test of time for almost 600 years.Visitors are also hooked on its delicate paintings.‎ Ieob Ming Pei (1917－present)‎ His motto is：Traditions should be sealed in glass boxes at museums.He is always struggling with innovation.Although under grilling from French conservative critics，he still planted a glass pyramid into the courtyard of the Louvre.His other works include John F．Kennedy Library，Beijing Fragrant Hill Hotel and Suzhou Museum.‎ Zaha Hadid(1950－2016)‎ In 2004，she became the first woman to win the Pritzker Architecture Prize，the Nobel Prize for architecture.She used tricks to maximize available space.Her fluidstyle works pioneer the concept of microliving.The curves(曲线) of Guangzhou Opera House perfectly match the rise and fall of its surrounding buildings，forming a unique view.‎ Meng Fanchao (1959－present)‎ Many people dismissed the building of a mega bridge as a pipe dream，but Meng Fanchao turned ‎ this into reality by building Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge.This longest crosssea bridge，when viewed afar，looks like a dynamic dragon braving the rolling waves of Lingding Sea.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了四位杰出的建筑家以及他们的主要作品和成就。‎ ‎16．What can we infer about Kuai Xiang?‎ A．He never followed traditions.‎ B．He lacked financial support.‎ C．He was a successful architect.‎ D．He liked delicate hooks.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Tian’anmen Gatetower is universally considered the brainchild of Kuai Xiang.”可知，天安门城楼是蒯祥的独创作品，说明他是一位杰出的建筑家。故C项正确。‎ ‎17．What’s Ieob Ming Pei’s attitude towards creation?‎ A．Positive. B．Uncaring.‎ C．Subjective. D．Disapproving.‎ 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段前两句“His motto is：Traditions should be sealed in glass boxes at museums.He is always struggling with innovation.”可知，贝聿铭认为传统应该被封存在博物馆的玻璃箱里，而且他总是努力进行创新。这说明他对创新持积极的态度。故A项正确。‎ ‎18．What do Zaha Hadid and Meng Fanchao have in common?‎ A．They emphasize the use of space.‎ B．They set a remarkable record.‎ C．They like following others’ opinions.‎ D．Their works meet with a boycott.‎ 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“In 2004，she became the first woman to win the Pritzker Architecture Prize，the Nobel Prize for architecture.”可知，扎哈•哈迪德成为第一个获得被誉为建筑界的诺贝尔奖的普利兹克奖的女性建筑家，她创造了一个新的纪录；根据最后一段末句“This longest crosssea bridge，when viewed afar，looks like a dynamic dragon braving the rolling waves of Lingding Sea.”可知，孟凡超设计的珠港澳大桥是世界上最长的跨海大桥，他也创造了历史。他们都在建筑历史上留下了杰出的作品，创造了新的纪录。故B项正确。‎ Period Six　Writing—Writing a proposal ‎ ‎ 本单元的写作要求是写一封建议信。建议信是针对某事向收信人提出建议和忠告的一种文体。建议信有可能是写给个人——就遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法，也可能是写给某个组织或机构——就改进其服务提出建议或忠告。建议信要写明写信的原因、建议的内容、提出建议的理由。提出的理由要合情合理，语气一定要和缓。‎ 其基本结构为：‎ 首段：表明写作意图。陈述事由，简单介绍自己，注意语气。‎ 主体段：提出具体建议。同时用事实来证明建议的正确性和必要性。‎ 尾段：对提出的建议进行总结，表达希望建议得以采纳、问题得以解决的愿望。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．I’m sorry to know that you have some trouble/difficulty/problems in...after reading your ‎ letter.‎ ‎2．I’m writing to persuade you to...‎ ‎3．First of all，I think it would be better if...‎ ‎4．Here I’d like to give my advice on.../I would like to suggest that...‎ ‎5．If I were you，I would...‎ ‎6．The reason why...is that...‎ ‎7．Please take my advice into consideration and make a final decision.‎ ‎8．I am looking forward to your good news.‎ ‎ ‎ 某国际购物中心拟建立“无烟超市”，从“本商场不出售香烟”入手，号召广大顾客在本商场购物期间不吸烟。但是来自美国的Smith经理又考虑到个人权利和自由问题，怕影响商场的经营。因此他想先征求大家的意见。假设你是李华，请你给该商场的经理写一封150词左右的书信，表达自己的观点，并简单陈述理由。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．时态：本文以一般现在时和一般将来时为主，个别地方也可能用到现在完成时或现在进行时等。‎ ‎2．人称：以第一、第二人称为主，少数句子中会用到第三人称。‎ ‎3．目的：表达个人观点并陈述理由。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 必备词汇 ‎ ‎1．国际购物中心an international shopping center ‎2．无烟超市Nonsmoking Supermarket ‎3．在我看来in my opinion/view ‎4．不但……而且……not only...but also...‎ ‎5．对……有好处do good to...‎ ‎6．放弃give up ‎7．作为回报in return ‎8．另外in addition ‎9．总而言之all in all ‎10．正相反on the contrary ‎ 句式升级 ‎ ‎1．它可以帮助吸烟者少吸烟，对其他顾客的健康也有好处。‎ ‎ It can help the smokers to smoke less and it can also do good to other customers’ health.‎ ‎ Not only can it help the smokers to smoke less，but it can also do good to other customers’ health.(not only...but also...)‎ ‎2．他们会很高兴听从你的建议，不会再考虑自己的权利和自由了。‎ ‎ They will be happy to follow your suggestions and they won’t consider their own rights and freedom again.‎ ‎ They will be happy to follow your suggestions，not considering their own rights and freedom again.(现在分词短语作伴随状语)‎ ‎3．另外，在购物中心吸烟可能导致火灾，对于你的财产和顾客都是非常危险的。‎ ‎ In addition，smoking in the shopping center may cause fire and it is very dangerous for both your possessions and the customers.‎ ‎ In addition，smoking in the shopping center may cause fire，which is very dangerous for both ‎ your possessions and the customers.(非限制性定语从句)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 参考范文 ‎ Dear Mr Smith，‎ I’m very glad to hear that your international shop‎ ping center will build a “Nonsmoking Supermarket”．In my opinion，it is a good idea to do so，for not only can it help the smokers to smoke less，but it can also do good to other customers’ health while they are doing some shopping there.Since you have given up some benefits by not selling cigarettes，the smokers are most likely to support you in return.They will be happy to follow your suggestions，not considering their own rights and freedom again.In addition，smoking in the shopping center may cause fire，which is very dangerous for both your possessions and the customers.‎ All in all，the “Nonsmoking Supermarket” will not affect your business.On the contrary，it will help you to attract more customers who want to keep healthy.‎ Best wishes!‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua 单元知识滚动练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed(习惯的) to having nicotine in it.‎ ‎2．I haven’t got a driving permit(许可证)．‎ ‎3．I can not see where they differ from each other；to me they look exactly alike(相似的)．‎ ‎4．Something urgent(急迫的) has come up，so we have to stop the project temporarily.‎ ‎5．His works continue to fetch(卖得) increasingly high prices throughout the world today.‎ ‎6．With nobody understanding him，he had no alternative(选择) but to give up his plan.‎ ‎7．One afternoon，my colleagues met with a troublesome(麻烦的) customer who felt he was not being served well.‎ ‎8．It began to rain suddenly，and the children all ran to seek shelter(躲避处) from the rain.‎ ‎9．Poor health and little money may both be barriers(障碍) to educational progress.‎ ‎10．Honestly speaking，I couldn’t figure out her mood from the vacant(茫然的) expression on her face.‎ ‎11．China has always been insisting for many years that all countries，big or small，should be equal(平等的)．‎ ‎12．There is no doubt that the mobile phone is an important means(方式) of communication.‎ ‎13．They are leading a simple life in the remote(遥远的) mountains far away from the town now.‎ ‎14．He never lacks(缺乏) confidence in his intelligence.‎ ‎15．From this experience，he acquired(获得) the knowledge that success doesn’t come without hard work.‎ Ⅱ.选词填空 remind...of，take on，break down，think back to，get hold of，set up，commit oneself to，make a difference to，in chaos，let alone，in addition，refer to，under the umbrella of，have access to，if only ‎16．He can’t drive a car，let alone a truck.‎ ‎17．A thinking person must commit himself to working for peace.‎ ‎18．He fell into the well by accident，but fortunately he got hold of the rope we put down and was pulled up.‎ ‎19．The little girl suffering from cancer made me think back to the time when my son was desperately ill.‎ ‎20．After several meetings，the government set up a new team to develop the project.‎ ‎21．The fresh air and friendly environment made a difference to his health.‎ ‎22．I don’t like the colour of this coat.In addition，it is too large for me.‎ ‎23．On referring to my notes，I found I had made a big mistake.‎ ‎24．Life would be easier，if only her husband could give up smoking and earn some money.‎ ‎25．Not a student has access to the library without showing his student card.‎ ‎26．The meeting ended in chaos when some people threw tomatoes at the speaker.‎ ‎27．The company has been developing well under the umbrella of the government since 1960.‎ ‎28．With the opendoor policy carried out，China has taken on a new look.‎ ‎29．The picture reminds me of my grandpa.‎ ‎30．His car broke down halfway yesterday.‎ Ⅲ.单句语法填空 ‎31．As Helen’s knowledge and vocabulary expanded(expand)，she asked more and more questions.‎ ‎32．They know that our country is in urgent(urge) need of those who have much knowledge.‎ ‎33．Starting and keeping friendship requires effort and commitment(commit)．‎ ‎34．Because of the drought，thousands of people died of starvation(starve) each year in the past.‎ ‎35．His speech was designed to give himself more political(politics) elbow room.‎ ‎36．The scenery was so beautiful that it was almost beyond description(describe)．‎ ‎37．They are still involved in voluntary(volunteer) work promoting local enterprise.‎ ‎38．Passengers have to pay additional(addition) charges for their extra luggage.‎ ‎39．Acrobatics(杂技) is hard to learn(learn) but beautiful to watch.‎ ‎40．The pills might have cured him，if only he had taken (take) them regularly.‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎41．His handwriting is difficult to make out.‎ 他的笔迹很难辨认。‎ ‎42．She was pleased to have overcome the difficulty.‎ 她很高兴已经克服了这个困难。‎ ‎43．She is very careful，as her work shows.‎ 正像她的工作所表明的，她是非常细心的。‎ ‎44．It seems that you’ve made a mistake.‎ 你好像犯了个错误。‎ ‎45．His opinion is considered to be of great value.‎ 他的意见被认为很有价值。‎ Ⅴ.单元语法——用虚拟语气完成句子 ‎46．What would you do if you had a million dollars?‎ ‎→What would you do with a million dollars?‎ ‎47．We would not have finished the work on time if you had not helped us.‎ ‎→We would not have finished the work on time without your help.‎ ‎48．If we had taken such effective measures much earlier，the river would be much cleaner now.‎ ‎→Had we taken such effective measures much earlier，the river would be much cleaner now.‎ ‎49．If it had not been for the rain，we would have finished the work.‎ ‎→But for the rain，we would have finished the work.‎ ‎50．If only I were a flying bird!‎ ‎→How I wish I were a flying bird!‎ 单元知识回顾——默写练习(三)‎ Ⅰ.单元知识回顾(共30小题；每题2分，满分60分)‎ ‎1．写出关于lack和lacking的短语 ‎(1)缺乏……(a) lack of .../be lacking in ‎(2)因缺乏……for/through lack of ...‎ ‎(3)不缺…… there’s no lack of ...‎ ‎(4)缺乏某物 lack (for) sth.‎ ‎2．写出关于description 的短语 ‎(1)形容；描述give a description of ‎(2)无法形容，难以描述beyond description ‎3．写出关于take的短语 ‎(1)担当(某一角色)；雇用；呈现；接纳take on ‎(2)除去；脱掉；动身；起飞；走红；成功take off ‎(3)拿起；占空间；消耗时间；开始从事；继续take up ‎(4)拿下；取下；记下take down ‎(5)接管take over ‎ ‎(6)理解；欺骗；收容；留宿 take in ‎(7)与……相像take after ‎4．写出关于worthy的短语 值得……be worthy to be done或of＋n./being done ‎5．写出关于equal 的短语 ‎(1)在某方面相等 be equal in sth.‎ ‎(2)等于某物；胜任某事be equal to sth./doing sth.‎ ‎(3)无与伦比without equal/have no equal ‎6．写出关于contribute和contribution的短语 ‎(1)把……贡献/投稿给……contribute...to...‎ ‎(2)有助于，促成；是……的成因之一contribute to ‎ ‎(3)对……做出贡献；为……捐款make a contribution/contributions to ‎7．写出关于break的短语 ‎(1)出故障；分解；失败；身体出毛病break down ‎(2)脱离；挣脱；逃脱break away from ‎(3)闯入；破门而入break into ‎(4)强行进入；打断(谈话)break in ‎(5)爆发break out ‎(6)突围；突破break through ‎(7)分解；驱散break up ‎8．写出关于attention的短语 ‎(1)引起某人对……的注意draw one’s attention to...‎ ‎(2)集中注意力于……fix/focus one’s attention on...‎ ‎(3)注意pay attention toⅡ.完成句子(共5小题；每题4分，满分20分)‎ ‎9．The true meaning and the culture of Tang poems are difficult to understand for a foreign learner.‎ 外国学习者很难理解唐诗的真实含义和文化。‎ ‎10．I would rather I were in Beijing now，in which case I would accompany you to the bookstore.‎ 我宁愿我现在在北京，这样我就会陪你去书店了。‎ ‎11．If only I could go back and reset my goals！要是我能回到过去重新设定我的目标该多好！‎ ‎12．The heavy rain made it difficult for them to finish the work on time.大雨使他们很难按时完成工作。‎ ‎13．We shall visit the school tomorrow where your father has worked for many years.‎ 我们明天将去参观你父亲工作了很多年的那所学校。‎ Ⅲ.知识运用于语境(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)‎ The earthquakes in Japan reminded me 14.to think(think) back to my experience in Yushu，China as a Goodwill Ambassador 15.working(work) with the UN.All the staff，including a lot of worthy doctors，many 16.assistants(assist)，and a few interpreters，went there by truck or lorry.Our destination was a remote，mountainous village hit by a series of earthquakes.We brought carpets，wool，a lot of food and medicine 17.contributed(contribute) by charities around the world.Our task was 18．to help(help) the victims of the earthquakes，and our task was 19.voluntary(volunteer)．We treated it as 20.a commitment，not a political one.‎ The situation was quite terrible 21.beyond description：crowds of people could not find shelters，lots of 22.whom were suffering lack of drinking water and starvation；everything was in chaos.It 23.had drawn(draw) the attention of people from every corner of the globe.‎ 核心素养拓展练 素养解读　2017版《普通高中课程标准》首次提出“学科核心素养”。英语学科核心素养由语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力构成。随之而来，以后的英语考试将更加坚持能力立意，突出核心素养的考查。下面文段就是围绕“思维品质”这一学科素养展开，讲述了科学家最近的研究发现当植物受到攻击时，它们会释放出化学物质来保护自己并通知周围的植物。此篇旨在培养考生树立生态意识，热爱并尊重自然，学会与自然和谐相处；保护环境，节约资源，采取绿色生活方式；具备可持续发展理念和行动等。　‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 主题：保护环境　学科素养：思维品质 ‎(2017•全国Ⅱ)‎ When a leafy plant is under attack，it doesn’t sit quietly.Back in 1983，two scientists，Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin，reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds，VOCs for short.‎ Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.It’s a plant’s way of crying out.But is anyone listening? Apparently.Because we can watch the neighbors react.‎ Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.But others do double duty.They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.Once they arrive，the tables are turned.The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.‎ In study after study，it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors.The damage is usually more serious on the first plant，but the neighbors，relatively speaking，stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.‎ Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know.Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches，and so，in effect，was talking to itself.Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry.So information was exchanged，but it wasn’t a true，intentional back and forth.‎ Charles Darwin，over 150 years ago，imagined a world far busier，noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear.Our senses are weak.There’s a whole lot going on.‎ 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了植物受到袭击时会释放出某种化学物质来保护自己并“告知”附近的植物。‎ ‎1．What does a plant do when it is under attack?‎ A．It makes noises.‎ B．It gets help from other plants.‎ C．It stands quietly.‎ D．It sends out certain chemicals.‎ 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.”可知，植物受到伤害时会散发出一种特殊的气味，而这种特殊的气味就是某些化学物质。故选D项。‎ ‎2．What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3?‎ A．The attackers get attacked.‎ B．The insects gather under the table.‎ C．The plants get ready to fight back.‎ D．The perfumes attract natural enemies.‎ 答案　A 解析　句意理解题。根据第三段中的“They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.”(它们散发出气味意在吸引不同的昆虫，这些昆虫是袭击者的天敌)，以及画线部分后的“The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.”(正在吃午餐的袭击者现在就变成了午餐)可知，画线部分的意思是：袭击者受到了它的天敌的袭击。故选A项。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3．Scientists find from their studies that plants can .‎ A．predict natural disasters B．protect themselves against insects C．talk to one another intentionally D．help their neighbors when necessary 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.”和“They pump out perfumes designed to attract different ‎ insects who are natural enemies to the attackers.”可知，植物能保护自己免受昆虫的伤害。故选B项。‎ ‎4．What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A．The world is changing faster than ever.‎ B．People have stronger senses than before.‎ C．The world is more complex than it seems.‎ D．People in Darwin’s time were more imaginative.‎ 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，达尔文设想了一个远比现实世界更繁忙、更喧嚣和更亲密的世界，而我们的感官却非常弱，我们还有很长的路要走。由此可知，世界似乎比它看上去的样子更复杂。故选C项。‎ Notes Ⅰ.障碍词汇 ‎1．attack n．& v．进攻；攻击 ‎2．apparently adv.明显地；显而易见地 ‎3．insect n．昆虫 ‎4．overhear vt.偷听；偶然听到 Ⅱ.长难句分析 The damage is usually more serious on the first plant，but the neighbors，relatively speaking，stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.‎ 分析　but连接两个并列分句。后面的分句中，relatively speaking是插入语，because they heard the alarm and knew what to do是原因状语从句。‎ 翻译　通常对第一株植物的伤害更严重，但是相对来说，邻居们会更安全，因为它们听到了警报并知道做什么。‎