2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修三Unit2Language单元学案设计（54页） 64页

‎2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修三Unit2 Language单元学案设计 ‎　 学校生活之(二)——语言学习 ‎ [一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．nowadays adv.现在，如今　　　 　　 2.defeat vt.战胜，击败 ‎3．process n．过程；进程 4.distinction n．区别，差别 ‎5．accent n．口音，腔调；着重点 6.ban vt.& n．禁止；取缔 ‎7．indicate vt.显示，表示；象征，暗示 8.unique adj.独特的 ‎9．interrupt vi.& vt.插嘴，打断，暂停 10.mistaken adj.错误的；误解的 ‎11．appearance n．外观，外貌 12.represent vt.代表；展示，描绘 ‎13．character n．(书写或印刷)文字，符号；人物；性格 ‎14．press vt.(被)压，挤，推，施加压力 n．报刊；新闻界；出版社 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．occupy vt.占领；占用 2.official adj.官方的，正式的 ‎3．contribution n．贡献；捐赠 4.replace vt.替换，代替，取代 ‎5．raise vt.养育；举起；增加 6.practical adj.实用的 ‎7．therefore adv.因此， 所以 8.custom n．风俗，习俗 ‎9．simplify vt.简化 10.shortcoming n．缺点，短处 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎　1.mixture n．混合，混合体→mix vt.使混合，拌和n.混合 ‎*2.entire adj.完全的，整个的→entirely adv.完全地，整个地 ‎*3.concern n．关心；忧虑vt.涉及；使担忧；对……感兴趣→concerned adj.担心的，关心的→concerning prep.关于 ‎*4.access vt.进入；使用n.通道；(使用的)机会，权利→accessible adj.可到达的；可接近的；可利用的 ‎*5.embarrass vt.使尴尬，使难堪→embarrassing adj.令人难堪的，使人尴尬的→embarrassed adj.感到尴尬的，难堪的 ‎　6.conclusion n．结论；推论→conclude v．总结，归纳，推论 ‎　7.differ vi.相异，有区别→different adj.不同的→difference n．不同 ‎*8.combine vt.& vi.组合；(使)联合→combination n．联合，结合 ‎*9.distinguish vt.区分，辨别；使具有某种特征→distinguished adj.著名的 ‎　10.convenient adj.方便的→convenience n．方便 用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．What you did was embarrassing,_making the guests very embarrassed and it also embarrassed me.‎ ‎2．Our parents are concerned about our health. As far as I'm concerned,_we should talk with them and tell them our concerns.‎ ‎3．European and American science combined with efficient and cheap Chinese manufacturing will be a powerful combination.‎ ‎4．Free Internet access at home is a huge step in making online education accessible to everybody.‎ ‎5．The distinguished scientist told the youngsters it was important to distinguish reality from one's dreams.‎ ‎6．The entire village was destroyed in the earthquake. It now looks entirely different from the previous one.‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．clearly /'klɪəlɪ/ adv.　　　清晰地，明显地 ‎2．dialect /'daɪəlekt/ n. 方言，土话 ‎3．stress /stres/ n. 重音 ‎4．term /tɜːm/ n. 术语；条目 ‎5．preview /'priːvjuː/ vt. 预习 ‎6．review /rɪ'vjuː/ n．&v. 复习 ‎7．consult /kən'sʌlt/ vt. 查阅 ‎ ‎8．native /'neɪtɪv/ adj. 本国的，土著的 ‎9．practise /'præktɪs/ vt.& vi. 练习 ‎10．skim /skɪm/ vt.& vi. 跳读；略读 ‎11．translate /træns'leɪt/ vt.& vi. 翻译 ‎12．accumulate /ə'kjuːmjʊleɪt/ vt.& vi. 积累；积聚 ‎13．overcome /əʊvə'kʌm/ vt. 克服；解决 ‎14．master /'mɑːstə/ vt. 精通，掌握 ‎15．improve /ɪm'pruːv/ vt.& vi.改善；增进；提高 ‎16．accomplish /ə'kʌmplɪʃ/ v. 完成 ‎17．pronunciation/prəˌnʌnsɪ'eɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 发音，读法 ‎18．standard /'stændəd/ adj. 标准的 ‎19．accurate /'ækjʊrət/ adj. 准确的，精确的 ‎20．fluent /'fluːənt/ adj. (外语)流利的， 流畅的 ‎21．excellent /'eks(ə)l(ə)nt/ adj.极好的，优秀的 ‎22．abundant /ə'bʌnd(ə)nt/ adj.充足的，丰盛的，充裕的 ‎23．wonderful /'wʌndəfʊl/ adj.精彩的；了不起的 ‎24．improve /ɪm'pruːv/ v. 提高，改善 ‎25．identity /aɪ'dentɪtɪ/ n．身份；本身；本体 ‎26．rank /ræŋk/ n. 等级；军衔 ‎27．function /'fʌŋ(k)ʃ(ə)n/ n. 作用；功能；职能 ‎28．female /'fiːmeɪl/ n. 女人 adj. 女性的；雌性的； 柔弱的 ‎ ‎[二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎ [课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎*1.be_made_up_of 由……组成(构成)　　　2.consist_of 由……组成(构成)‎ ‎　3.name_after 以……命名 　4.aside_from 除……之外 ‎*5.take_control_of 控制 *6.lead_to导致 ‎　7.ought_to 应该 *8.differ_from 和……不同 ‎*9.stand_for 代表，象征 　10.as_a_whole 总体上 ‎*11.go_through 经历；浏览，仔细检查 　12.in_a_word总之 ‎　13.take_..._into_consideration考虑…… 　14.look_up 向上看；查询 ‎　15.make_contributions_to做出贡献 *16.pick_up 捡起；无意中学会 ‎(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．The negative effects that this incident has led_to are beyond our expectation.‎ ‎2．On MidAutumn Festival people usually eat mooncakes, which stand_for a happy reunion.‎ ‎3．So, anyway, Dad and I had driven to the mainland and picked_up Dominic from the station.‎ ‎4．Fushun Royal Ocean World, located in the west of Fushun, is_made_up_of aquarium, surf house, and water park.(2018·长春模拟)‎ ‎5．The army took_control_of the city after the president's fall from ‎ power, which left the whole country in a mess.‎ ‎6．Not until I went_through real hardship did I realize the love we had for our families was important.‎ ‎7．Japanese differs_from French in pronunciation greatly.‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．loan word 　　　　　　　外来词 ‎2．be willing to 愿意 ‎3．native/mother tongue 母语 ‎4．spoken/oral English 英语口语 ‎5．written English 书面英语 ‎6．go over 复习 ‎7．set/take/write/note down 写下，记下 ‎8．make full use of 充分利用 ‎9．learn ...by heart 背诵，记住 ‎10．keep/bear ...in mind 记住……‎ ‎11．refer to/consult a dictionary查字典 ‎12．form the/a habit of reading养成阅读的习惯　‎ ‎13．enlarge/expand one's vocabulary 扩大某人的词汇量 ‎14．translate ...into 把……翻译成 ‎15．help sb. with ... 帮助某人……‎ ‎16．give some advice on 就……给建议 ‎17．have a good command of　精通 ‎18．memorize as many words as you can 尽量多记单词 ‎ [三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．That/This/It is why ... ‎ ‎[例句]　That is why English has so many difficult rules that confuse people.‎ ‎[仿写]　那就是为什么我认为长江之行将是一个更好的选择。(2017·北京高考满分作文)‎ That_is_why_I_think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.‎ ‎2．not all ... 部分否定 ‎[例句]　Not all characters were developed from drawings of objects.‎ ‎[仿写]　你知道，并非我们所有人都擅长打乒乓球。(2017·全国卷Ⅲ写作佳句)‎ As you know, not_all_of_us_do_well_in_playing_pingpong.‎ ‎3．“be of＋抽象名词”结构 ‎ ‎ [例句]　While the students found the soldier's idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use.‎ ‎[仿写]　我认为参观剪纸展览对你有很大的用处。(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)‎ I think it's_of_great_use for you to visit the papercutting exhibition.,[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．Nowadays Chinese is becoming more and more popular all over the world.‎ 当今，汉语在全世界正变得越来越受欢迎。‎ ‎2．One can not learn a language well unless he works hard.‎ 如果不努力是学不好一门语言的。‎ ‎3．The stronger the motivation is, the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.‎ 一个人动机越强，学习外语就越快。‎ ‎4．My hard work pays off, and I am proud of what I have achieved in English.‎ 我的努力没有白费，我为自己在英语方面所取得的成就感到骄傲。‎ ‎5．Many Chinese find it necessary for them to have a good ‎ command of English.‎ 很多中国人发现通晓英语对他们来说很有必要。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ Hi, Sharon，‎ This is Li Xia. I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.I am willing to help you with your Mandarin. As a native Chinese speaker, I can speak Chinese clearly and fluently. ‎ As for speaking Mandarin, paying attention to the pronunciation is of great importance. Besides, you ought to take notice of the accent and handwriting. Lastly, speaking more is a good way to improve your study. ‎ In return I hope you can give me some advice on how to improve my spoken English. ‎ Looking forward to hearing from you.‎ Li Xia 你好，莎伦：‎ 我是李夏。从你的发帖中我知道你想提高普通话。我愿意帮助你学习普通话。作为一个以汉语为母语的人，我能清晰流利地说中文。‎ 至于说普通话，注意发音是非常重要的。此外，你应该注意口音和书写。最后，多说是一个提高你学习的好方法。‎ 反过来，我希望你能就如何提高英语口语给我一些建议。‎ 期待你的来信。‎ 李夏 ‎ [第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．occupy vt.占领；占用(时间、空间等)；使忙碌 ‎　[教材原句]　Then two Germanic groups from the European mainland — the Angles and the Saxons — occupied Britain.‎ 然后，来自欧洲大陆的两个日耳曼部落——盎格鲁人和撒克逊人——占领了不列颠。‎ ‎(1)occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.　　忙于(做)某事 ‎(2)occupied adj. 忙碌的；占用的 be occupied in doing sth. 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事 ‎(3)occupation n. 占领；职业，工作 ‎①My grandma occupies_herself_in looking after her two granddaughters.‎ ‎＝My grandma is_occupied_in looking after her two granddaughters.‎ 我的外婆忙于照料她的两个孙女。‎ ‎②It is good manners not to disturb others when they are_occupied_with their work.‎ 别人忙于工作时，不要去打扰他们，这是一种礼貌。‎ ‎③Occupied (occupy) in looking after three children at home, she no longer has time to enjoy the various activities in the club.‎ 忙于在家照顾三个孩子，她再也无暇去俱乐部进行娱乐活动了。‎ ‎[联想发散]　“忙于(做)某事”的其他表达还有：‎ ‎①be busy/engaged with sth.‎ ‎②be busy/engaged (in) doing sth.‎ ‎2．replace vt.替换，代替，取代；把……放回原处 ‎　[教材原句]　However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons' victory about 600 years earlier, which led to Old English replacing Celtic.‎ 然而，诺曼征服对英语的影响不及约600年前盎格鲁人和撒克逊人的胜利对英语的影响，那场胜利导致古英语代替了凯尔特语。‎ ‎(1)replace ...with/by ...　　　　　用……替换……‎ replace sb. as ... 取代某人成为……‎ ‎(2)take the place of＝take sb.'s place 代替某人 in place of 代替 ‎(3)replacement n. 代替 ‎①Unless we can find a safe replacement (replace), this ewaste may get into the ground and poison the water with dangerous toxins.(2018·临沂模拟)‎ 除非我们能找到安全的替代品，否则这种电子废物的危险的毒素可能会渗入地面污染到水源。‎ ‎②They replaced their beloved old cars with/by expensive new sports cars.‎ 他们用昂贵的新跑车取代了心爱的旧车。‎ ‎③John is ill and I want to know who is going to take_the_place_of him.‎ 约翰病了，我想知道谁将代替他。‎ ‎3．raise vt.抚养，养育，培养；饲养(家畜)；种植(作物)；提高，增加；举起；筹集(资金)；引起，使出现 ‎　[教材原句]　After the Norman Conquest, many English people worked as servants who raised animals.‎ 在诺曼征服后，许多英格兰人沦为饲养动物的仆人。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中raise的含义 ‎①The accident again raises questions about the safety of the plant.引起 ‎②Two incidents in recent days have raised the level of concern.提高，增加 ‎③With the improvement of the people's living standard, some people form a habit of raising small or domestic animals as pets.饲养 ‎④The mother raised her children in an unusual way.抚养，养育 ‎⑤His efforts to raise money for his program were in vain.筹集(资金)‎ ‎⑥Whoever has difficulty with the problem can raise your hands.举起 ‎[易混辨析]　arise, rise, raise, arouse 原形 词性词义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 arise ‎(vi.)出现；发生；起身 arose arisen arising rise ‎(vi.)升起；增长；上升 rose risen rising raise ‎(vt.)举起；抚养；饲养 raised raised raising arouse ‎(vt.)唤醒；激起 aroused aroused arousing ‎4.concern n．关心；关注；忧虑 vt.涉及；使担忧；对……感兴趣 ‎　[教材原句]　King Henry Ⅶ was a poet who showed great ‎ concern for language.‎ 国王亨利七世是位诗人，他对语言表现出极大的关注。‎ ‎(1)show/express concern about/for对……表示关心 concern oneself about/with 担忧/关心……‎ ‎(2)concerned adj. 有关的；担心的 be concerned about/over/for 关心；挂念 be concerned with/in ... 牵扯进/参与……‎ as/so far as ... be concerned 就……而言 ‎(3)concerning prep. 关于；有关 ‎①A teacher must show/express_concern_for/about every student.‎ 老师要关心每一个学生。‎ ‎②As_far_as_I'm__concerned,_ riding bicycles is a good solution.‎ 就我个人而言，骑自行车是一个好的解决方法。‎ ‎③I enjoyed the great benefit of his instructions concerning (concern) the matter.‎ 在这个问题上他的指教使我受益匪浅。‎ ‎[名师点津]　形容词concerned作前置定语时，意为“‎ 关心的，挂念的，担心的”；作后置定语时，意为“相关的；有关的”。例如：a concerned look“关切的神情”；the authorities concerned“有关当局”。‎ ‎5．access vt.进入；接近；使用n.[U]通道；(使用的)机会，权利 ‎　[教材原句]　Today, the spread of ‘borrowed words’ is mostly due to the easily accessed Internet and television programmes from across the world.‎ 今天，“借用词”的传播主要是因为使用方便的互联网及全球性的电视节目。‎ ‎(1)access to ...　　　进入……的通道/入口 have/get/gain access to ... ‎ 拥有……的机会/权利；可以接近；进入 ‎(2)accessible adj. 可接近的；可进入的；可使用的 be accessible to ... 可接近的；可靠近的；可使用的 ‎①Education offers the lower classes access_to job opportunities.‎ 教育为下层阶级提供了就业的门道。‎ ‎②It would be more convenient to widen the aisle towards the entrance, making wheelchairs accessible (access)．‎ 通往出入口的过道扩大到更方便些，让轮椅可以通行。‎ ‎6．differ vi.相异，有区别 ‎　[教材原句]　The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds.‎ 汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表示思想、物体或行为。‎ ‎(1)differ from sb./sth. (in ...)‎ ‎　　　　　　　(在……方面)与某人/某事物不同 ‎ (2)different adj. 不同的，有区别的 be different from ... 与……不同/有区别 ‎(3)difference n. 不同，差异，分歧 make a difference to 对……起作用/产生影响 make no difference 不起作用，没有影响 ‎①Because a college community differs_from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging.‎ 因为一个大学社区与家庭不同，许多学生都会努力寻找一种归属感。‎ ‎②Before birth, babies can tell the difference (differ) between loud sounds and voices.(2017·江苏高考阅读B)‎ 出生前，婴儿能分辨出嗓音和声音的差别。‎ ‎7．convenient adj.便利的，方便的 ‎　[教材原句]　The whole system was not convenient for use.‎ 整个系统不方便使用。‎ ‎(1)It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事方便 be convenient for/to sb. 对某人来说方便 ‎(2)convenience n. 方便；便利的事物 for convenience 为了方便 at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候 ‎①So I'm writing to let you know that it's_not_convenient_for_me to go back to receive the laptop at home.‎ 所以我写信是想告诉你，我不方便回家接收笔记本电脑。‎ ‎②I would be very grateful if you could inform me of your decisions at___your_earliest convenience. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)‎ 如能尽早告知我你的决定，我将不胜感激。‎ ‎[名师点津]　convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when it is convenient for you，而不是when you are convenient。‎ ‎[自主练通词汇]‎ ‎1．conclusion n．结论；推论；结束 ‎　(1)单句语法填空 ‎①Some people have drawn the conclusion (conclude) from Bowlby's work that children should not be sent to day care before the age of three.‎ ‎②When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points.‎ ‎(2)完成句子 ‎③In_conclusion,_parents have to change some of their belief and ideas about how children should be raised.‎ 总之，父母必须对如何抚养孩子的信念和想法作出改变。‎ ‎2．distinguish vt.区分，辨别；使具有某种特征 ‎　(1)单句语法填空 ‎①They can even distinguish their mother's voice from that of a female stranger.(2017·江苏高考阅读)‎ ‎②Some of our friends can be similar to us, and some of them can have many distinctions (distinct) in some ways.‎ ‎③The scientist is distinguished (distinguish) for its diligence and courage.‎ ‎④Lang Ping has already distinguished herself as a great volleyball coach in the world.‎ ‎(2)句式升级 ‎⑤He was distinguished for his knowledge of economics and was elected as head of the economic school.(用分词短语作状语改写)‎ ‎→Distinguished_for_his_knowledge_of_economics,_he was elected as head of the economic school.‎ ‎3．press vt.(被)按，压，挤；极力劝说，施加压力n.报刊；记者，新闻界；出版社 ‎　写出句中press的词性和含义 ‎①My friend pressed me to stay here a little longer. v．施加压力，极力劝说，敦促 ‎②What will happen if you press the reset button？v.按，压，挤 ‎③He insisted that he had never worked in Oxford University Press. n．出版社；报刊 ‎④The press is/are desperate for news that appeals to the public. n．记者；新闻界 ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Our school provides all the senior students with easy access to reading (read) books.‎ ‎2．WHO welcomes China's contributions (contribute) to West Africa against the spread of disease.‎ ‎3．The Chinese nation is distinguished (distinguish) for its diligence and courage.‎ ‎4．We can, therefore, come to the conclusion (conclude) that nothing ‎ is so precious as freedom in the world.‎ ‎5．British English differs obviously from American English in pronunciation and spelling.‎ ‎6．It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with/by snacks.‎ ‎7．You may send me an answer at your convenience (convenient)．‎ ‎8．Students are banned from riding bicycles in the campus.‎ ‎9．All the people fixed their eyes on me, which made me feel very embarrassed (embarrass)．‎ ‎10．As economies grow more complex, demand for practical (practice) skills will keep rising.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．I'm sure with our efforts, more and more people will become concerning about protecting cultural relics.concerning→concerned ‎2．I hope Tom will come to China when it's convenience for him.convenience→convenient ‎3．Tomorrow's world will differ to the world of today.to→from ‎4．Occupying in playing computer games, he didn't hear the telephone.Occupying→Occupied ‎5．It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make real difference.make后加a ‎6．Buchan succeeded in making a different subject accessible on readers. on→to ‎7．When she came in, we all raised to welcome her.raised→rose Ⅲ.单句写作(一句多译)‎ ‎1．药品不应放在儿童容易接触到的地方。‎ ‎①Medicine should not be kept where it is_accessible_to_children.(accessible)‎ ‎②Medicine should be kept where it is_out_of/beyond_children's_range.(range)‎ ‎③Medicine should be kept where it is_out_of/beyond_children's_reach.(reach)‎ ‎2．他和他的孪生兄弟不同。他喜欢音乐，而他的孪生兄弟喜欢运动。‎ ‎①He_differs_from_his_twin_brother. He likes music, while his twin brother is fond of sports.(differ)‎ ‎②He_is_different_from_his_twin_brother. He likes music, while his twin brother is fond of sports.(different)‎ ‎3．没有人可以取代她父亲在她心中的位置。‎ ‎①No_one_can_replace_her_father_in_her_heart.(replace)‎ ‎②No_one_can_take_the_place_of_her_father_in_her_heart.(take the place of)‎ ‎③No_one_can_take_her_father's_place_in_her_heart.(take one's place)‎ ‎4．整日忙于做家务活，因此她筋疲力尽。(occupy)‎ ‎①She_was_occupied_in_doing_housework_all_day,_so_she_was_tired_out.(so连接并列句)‎ ‎②Occupied_in_doing_housework_all_day,_she_was_tired_out.(过去分词作状语)‎ ‎③Occupying_herself_in_doing_housework_all_day,_she_was_tired_out.(现在分词作状语)‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．consist of由……组成，由……构成 ‎　[教材原句]　Old English consisted of a mixture of their languages. ‎ 古英语是由他们语言的混合体构成的。‎ ‎(1)consist of＝be made up of＝be composed of ‎　　　　　　　　　由……组成 consist in＝lie in 存在于……；在于……‎ consist with 一致；符合 ‎(2)consistent adj. 相容的，一致的 be consistent with 和……一致/相符 ‎①The research team abroad consists of 50 people.‎ ‎＝The research team abroad is_made_up_of_50_people.‎ ‎＝The research team abroad is_composed_of_50_people.‎ 这个出国考察团队由50人组成。‎ ‎②The beauty of the city consists in the unique style of its buildings.‎ ‎＝The beauty of the city lies_in the unique style of its buildings.‎ 这座城市的美在于它建筑物的独特风格。 ‎ ‎③One's actions must consist with words. ‎ ‎＝One's actions must be_consistent_with words. ‎ 一个人必须要言行一致。‎ ‎[名师点津]　consist of无被动形式，也不用于进行时态。‎ ‎2．lead to导致 ‎　[高考佳句]　Studying babies' play may lead to a better understanding of science.(2016·6月浙江高考阅读)‎ 研究婴儿的玩耍可以导致更好地了解科学。‎ lead to some place　 　通往某地 lead to one's/one doing sth.　导致某人做某事 lead sb. to sth. 使得出(观点)；引导某人……‎ lead sb. to do sth. 带领某人做某事；导致某人做某事 lead/live a ... life 过……样的生活 lead the way 引路；带路 ‎①But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead_to the opposite effect.‎ 但是儿童专家们现在知道，过多的赞扬会导致相反的效果。‎ ‎②As we all know, all roads lead_to Rome.‎ 众所周知，条条大路通罗马。‎ ‎③The patient decided to lead_a_new_life after the unusual experience.‎ 经历了不寻常的经历后，病人决定过一种新的生活。‎ ‎[名师点津]　lead to“导致，促使”中to是介词，后跟名词、代词或v.ing形式。‎ ‎④Finally, the discovery of new evidence led to the thief's being_caught (catch)．‎ 新证据的发现最终导致了小偷被抓捕归案。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“导致”的短语还有：result in, contribute to, account for, bring about等。‎ ‎3．stand for代表，象征 ‎　[教材原句]　The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds.‎ 汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它不使用字母，而是用汉字表示思想、物体或行为。‎ stand out　　　　　　　　　　突出，显眼 stand by 支持，旁观 stand up 起立；站得住脚 stand aside 站到一边 stand on one's feet 站起来，自食其力 ‎①The theme which the author has intended to express in the book does not stand_out.‎ 在这部作品中，作者打算表现的主题并不突出。‎ ‎②Teenagers will be told to “stand_up for their elders” on public transport — or risk losing their right to free travel.‎ 青少年将被告知在公共交通工具上“站起来为他们的长辈让座”，否则他们就有可能失去自由旅行的权利。‎ ‎4．Not_all characters were developed from drawings of objects. ‎ 并不是所有的汉字都是从物体的图画演变而来。‎ not all ...意为“并非所有的……都……”，表示部分否定。‎ ‎(1)部分否定：否定词not与both, all, every, each, everybody, everything等不定代词或形容词连用，意为“不都是，并非都”。‎ ‎(2)完全否定：常用no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one等表示。‎ ‎①Although Dunne says he's received mostly positive feedback, not everyone agrees with his idea.‎ ‎＝Although Dunne says he's received mostly positive feedback, everyone_doesn't agree with his idea.‎ 虽然唐恩说他得到的大部分都是积极的反馈，但并不是每个人都同意他的观点。‎ ‎②Both of the two math problems are not very difficult.‎ ‎＝Not_both_of the two math problems are very difficult.‎ 这两道数学题并非都很难。‎ ‎③Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.‎ 我的一生中，印象最深的就是第一次参观故宫博物馆。‎ ‎5．While the students found the soldier's idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be_of_practical_use.‎ 虽然学生们觉得士兵的想法有趣，但这一方法太过复杂，并不实用。‎ ‎　句中be of practical use是“be of＋抽象名词”结构。‎ ‎(1)be of use/importance/significance/help/value/benefit/ ...‎ ‎＝be useful/important/significant/helpful/valuable/‎ beneficial/ ...‎ ‎(这些抽象名词前还可用great, little, some, any, much, no等词来修饰说明其程度)‎ ‎(2)be of colour/age/size/height/weight/shape/type/kind/ ...‎ ‎(这类名词前常用different, the same, this, that等词来修饰或说明)‎ ‎(3)be of quality/character/characteristics/feature/ ...‎ ‎(这类名词前常用good, bad, nice, fine, serious等词来修饰或说明)‎ ‎①A harmonious family is of benefit to a child's personal development.‎ ‎＝A harmonious family is_beneficial_to a child's personal development.‎ 一个和谐的家庭对于孩子的个人成长是有益的。‎ ‎②“The regulations are of no legal value，” defense lawyer Romain Boulet said before Thursday's ruling.‎ ‎＝“The regulations are_not_legally_valuable，” defense lawyer Romain Boulet said before Thursday's ruling.‎ ‎“这些规定都没有法律价值。”辩护律师Romain Boulet在星期四的裁决之前说。‎ ‎③This matter is of no significance.‎ ‎＝This matter is_not_significant.‎ 这件事无关紧要。‎ ‎④Coins may be_of_different_sizes,_weights,_shapes,_and_metals.‎ 硬币可能在大小、重量、形状和铸造的金属这些方面都有所不同。‎ ‎⑤City Lights and Modern Times are_of_this_kind.‎ ‎《城市之光》和《摩登时代》就是这种影片。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.介、副词填空 ‎1．Aside from the cost, we need to think about how practical it is for us to buy such an expensive car.‎ ‎2．The first aim of his government is to take control of the unknown small islands.‎ ‎3．The first thing one has to take into consideration is the cost.‎ ‎4．I enjoyed the movie as a whole though I thought the acting could have been better.‎ ‎5．He picked up French while he was staying in Paris.‎ ‎6．Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to ‎ many diseases.‎ ‎7．The dictionary is of great help to learners of English.‎ ‎8．The medical team consists of five doctors and ten nurses.‎ ‎9．The five rings on the Olympic flags stand for the five continents on the earth.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．定期做早操对你的健康有利。‎ Doing morning exercises regularly is_of_benefit_to_your_health.‎ ‎2．然而，并非所有的广告都是为谋求利润而推销产品的。‎ However, not_all_advertising is about selling products for a profit.‎ ‎3．生活既有阳光，也有艰难的时候。‎ Life consists_of not only sunshine but also hard times.‎ ‎4．众所周知，是人类的活动导致了全球变暖。‎ As we all know, it is human activity that has led_to_the_global_warming.‎ Ⅲ.句型转换/一句多译 ‎1．Theory without practice is of little/no help.‎ ‎→Theory without practice is helpless.‎ ‎2．All the people present didn't agree with you.‎ ‎→Not all the people present agreed with you.‎ ‎3．He didn't work hard, which resulted in his failure in the exam.‎ ‎→He didn't work hard, which led to/contributed to/accounted_for/brought about_his failure in the exam.‎ ‎4．英国由大不列颠和北爱尔兰组成。‎ ‎①The UK consists_of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. ‎ ‎②The UK is_made_up_of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. ‎ ‎③The UK is_composed_of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 mistake， official， convenient， aside from， make contributions to， differ from， play an important part in， necessary ‎ ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①除了英国外，美国和澳大利亚也对英语的发展做出了重大贡献。‎ Aside_from Britain, the USA and Australia also have made_great_contributions_to the development of English.‎ ‎②尽管他们的英语互不相同，但却不会被误解。 ‎ Though their English differs_from_each_other,_ they can't be_mistaken.‎ ‎③英语是很多国家的官方语言之一， 在国际交流中起着非常重要的作用。‎ English is one of the official_languages of many countries, and it plays_an_important_part in the international communication.‎ ‎④学好英语很有必要。‎ It_is_necessary to learn English well.‎ ‎⑤现在因为互联网学英语很方便。‎ Nowadays, it_is_convenient__to_learn_English because of the Internet.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 用which引导非限定性定语从句改写句③‎ English_is_one_of_the_official_languages_of_many_countries,_which_plays_an_important_part_in_the_international_communication.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：therefore)‎ Aside from Britain, the USA and Australia also have made great contributions to the development of English.‎ Though their English differs from each other, they can't be mistaken. English is one of the official languages of many countries, which plays an important part in the international communication. Therefore it is necessary to learn English well. Nowadays, it is convenient to learn English because of the Internet.‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——多重复合句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 Though these kinds of characters indicate meaning, one of their shortcomings is that they do not show how they should be pronounced.‎ 本句是一个多重复合句。though引导的是让步状语从句，主句中含that引导的表语从句，而表语从句中又含有how引导的宾语从句。‎ 我希望实现的目标是，我这一代以及更年轻的一代能够开始反思并明白，爵士乐已不再是黑白的。‎ 真题长难句 What I'm hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 本句是一个多重复合句。what引导的是主语从句，第一个that引导表语从句，而表语从句中又含有that引导的宾语从句。‎ ‎ “语言学习”是高中新课程标准24个话题之一，也是高考命题中的重点内容；作为其子话题的“英语学习”在高考中主要是以“‎ 书面表达”的形式来体现英语学习的方法和技巧；在阅读中常常以应用文(如广告)考查关于语言学习的相关话题。另外，命题者也常常以各种文体考查语言背后的文化差异，从而激发学生学习英语的热情，促进其身心健康的发展。‎ 一、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this __41__ process and found something that has changed my __42__ at college for the better: I discovered ASL — American Sign Language (美式手语)．‎ I never felt an urge to __43__ any sign language before.My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends.The __44__ languages were enough in all my interactions (交往)．Little did I know that I would discover my __45__ for ASL.‎ The __46__ began during my first week at college.I watched as the ASL Club __47__ their translation of a song.Both the hand movements and the very __48__ of communicating without speaking __49__ me.What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the __50__.This newness just left me __51__ more.‎ After that, feeling the need to __52__further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL Club's meetings.I only learned how to __53__ the alphabet that day.Yet instead of being discouraged by my __54__ progress, I was excited.I then made it a point to __55__ those meetings and learn all I could.‎ The following term, I __56__ an ASL class.The professor was deaf and any talking was __57__.I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.__58__， if there had been any talking, it would have __59__ us to learn less.Now, I appreciate the silence and the __60__ way of communication it opens.‎ ‎41．A.searching　　　　　　　　 B．planning C．natural D．formal ‎42．A.progress B．experience C．major D．opinion ‎43．A.choose B．read C．learn D．create ‎44．A.official B．foreign C．body D．spoken ‎45．A.love B．concern C．goal D．request ‎46．A.meeting B．trip C．story D．task ‎47．A.recorded B．performed C．recited D．discussed ‎48．A.idea B．amount C．dream D．reason ‎49．A.disturbed B．supported C．embarrassed D．attracted ‎50．A.end B．past C．course D．distance ‎51．A.showing B．acting C．saying D．wanting ‎52．A.exercise B．explore C．express D．explain ‎53．A.print B．write C．sign D．count ‎54．A.slow B．steady C．normal D．obvious ‎55．A.chair B．sponsor C．attend D．organize ‎56．A.missed B．passed C．gave up D．registered for ‎57．A.prohibited B．welcomed C．ignored D．repeated ‎58．A.Lastly B．Thus C．Instead D．However ‎59．A.required B．caused C．allowed D．expected ‎60．A.easy B．popular C．quick D．new ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 ‎1．抓首句，明文体，确保读文方向不跑偏 由文章首句“While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.”和文中关键信息词“during my first week at college” “After that”“The following term”可知本文为记叙文。‎ ‎2．抓关键词(话题词、行为动词)，巧串联，理顺文脉明主旨 结合文中“American Sign Language (美式手语), students, the hand movements”等话题词汇和“communicate, speak”等关键信息词汇可知本文是有关“语言学习”的事情。本文的行文脉络如下：‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ ‎41．选A　根据上文“explore new aspects of life”中的关键词“explore”及下文的内容可知，此处指作者在大学通过学习美式手语经历了探索的(searching)过程。planning“计划制订”；natural“自然的”；formal“正式的”。‎ ‎42．选B　根据下文的内容可知，作者发现了把自己的大学经历(experience)变得更美好的东西。progress“进步”；major“专业”；opinion“意见，想法，看法”。‎ ‎43．选C　以前，作者从没感觉到(自己)有学习(learn)任何手语的强烈欲望。choose“选择”；read“读”；create“创造”。‎ ‎44．选D　根据上文中的“My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends.”及下文中的“languages were enough in all my interactions (交往)”可知，口语对作者所有的(社会)交往来说已经足够了。spoken language“口语”，符合语境。official“正式的，官方的”。‎ ‎45．选A　根据上下文语境可知，作者不知道自己会喜爱(love)美式手语。concern“关心，担心，忧虑”；goal“目标”；request“要求”。‎ ‎46．选C　这个故事(story)始于作者上大学的第一周。meeting“会议”；trip“旅行”；task“任务”。‎ ‎47．选B　根据句中的关键词“watched”‎ 可知，此处指作者看到美式手语社团的成员表演(performed)。record“记录，录音”；recite“背诵”；discuss“讨论”。‎ ‎48．选A　手部动作和无需用语言交流的想法(idea)吸引了作者。amount“数额，数量”；dream“梦想”；reason“原因，理由”。‎ ‎49．选D　参见上题解析。attract“吸引，引起……的注意”，符合语境。disturb“打扰，打搅”；support“支持”；embarrass“使……尴尬，使……难堪”。‎ ‎50．选B　根据“I had experienced”用的时态可知，它指的是作者过去的经历，故选past。end“结尾”；course“过程，课程”；distance“距离”。‎ ‎51．选D　这种新事物使作者想要(接触)更多。show“展示”；act“表演，扮演”；say“说”；want“想要”。‎ ‎52．选B　根据上下文语境和第一段中的关键词“explore”可知，作者觉得自己有进一步探索(explore)美式手语的需要。exercise“锻炼，训练”；express“表达”；explain“解释”。‎ ‎53．选C　根据语境可知，作者那天只是学会了如何用手语来表示全部字母。print“打印，印刷”；write“写”；sign“打手语”；count“数数”。‎ ‎54．选A　根据上文的“I only learned how to __53__ the alphabet that day.”可知，作者并没有对自己缓慢的(slow)进步感到沮丧。steady“稳步的”；normal“正常的”；obvious“明显的”。‎ ‎55．选C　根据语境，尤其是空前的“made it a point to”和下文的“and learn all I could”‎ 可知，作者努力做到参加(attend)这些会议。chair“主持(会议、讨论等)”；sponsor“赞助，举办”；organize“组织”。‎ ‎56．选D　根据下文的内容可知，作者注册参加了一个美式手语课程。miss“想念，错过”；pass“通过”；give up “放弃”；register for“注册，登记”。‎ ‎57．选A　根据上文的“The professor was deaf and any talking”可知，作者所参加的课程的教授是个耳聋的人，故任何谈话都是被禁止(prohibited)的。welcome“欢迎，欣然接受”；ignore“忽视”；repeat“重复”。‎ ‎58．选C　根据上下文的语境可知，作者很快意识到无声并非不愉快的，反而(Instead)，如果有任何谈话的话，会导致(caused)作者他们学习得更少。lastly“最后，终于”；thus“因此”；however“然而”。‎ ‎59．选B　参见上题解析。require“要求”；allow“允许”；expect“期望”。‎ ‎60．选D　根据语境可知，作者现在非常喜欢这种无声以及它打开的新的(new)沟通方式。easy“容易的”；popular“受欢迎的”；quick“快速的”。‎ ‎[完形填空系列技法3]　利用首句破解完形填空题 首句往往是整篇文章的引领句，概括了文章的中心和作者的意图。完形填空短文的首句通常不设空，我们可以通过细读首句，推断出全文的主旨，并在主旨的指引下展开合理的想象，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，这样文章的隐含信息就会逐渐显露直至豁然开朗。所以要充分利用完形填空首句的提示作用为解题找到突破口。‎ 例如本文首句“While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.”是全文的引领句，文章是围绕着首句展开的。其中关键词“explore”“new”“college”对于解决题41、50、52、60 起着至关重要的作用。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．explore v．　　　　 探索，探讨 ‎2．appreciate v. 感激，欣赏，理解 ‎3．aspect n. 方面 ‎4．go through 经历，通过，接受，完成(或做完)艰难(或令人不快)的事 ‎5．drop in on 顺便访问，顺便进入 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括：‎ ‎1．时间和地点；‎ ‎2．内容：学习唐诗；‎ ‎3．课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎[写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．很高兴……　　　　be_delighted_to_‎ ‎2．对……感兴趣 _be_interested_in_‎ ‎3．喜欢 _be_fond_of_‎ ‎4．建议某人做某事 advise_sb._to_do_sth.‎ ‎5．了解唐朝的历史 learn_the_history_of_the_Tang_Dynasty ‎6．提前 _in_advance 第二步：列全要点，写对句子保基本分 ‎1．非常高兴得知你对唐诗感兴趣。‎ I_am_delighted_to_know_you_are_interested_in_Tang_poems.‎ ‎2．我现在写信告诉你下节课的学习计划。‎ ‎_I'm_writing_to_tell_you_the_plan_for_the_next_class.‎ ‎3．我非常喜欢唐诗。‎ ‎_I_am_very_fond_of_Tang_poems.‎ ‎4．我想和你一起学习唐代诗歌是一件愉快的事情。‎ I_think_it_great_fun_to_learn_the_poems_written_in_the_Tang_Dynasty_with_you.‎ ‎5. 星期天的早晨我们在人民公园见面。‎ We_are_to_meet_on_Sunday_morning_in_the_People's_Park.‎ ‎6．空气清新，风景优美。‎ The_air_is_fresh_and_the_scenery_is_beautiful.‎ ‎7．我建议你去书店借本历史书，提前了解一下唐朝的历史。‎ ‎ I_advise_you_to_go_to_the_bookstore_to_borrow_a_history_book_and_learn_the_history_of_the_Tang_Dynasty_in_advance._‎ ‎8．这会有助于你更好的理解要学习的诗歌。‎ It_can_help_you_better_understand_the_poems_to_be_learned.‎ 第三步：句式升级，打造亮点得高分 ‎1．用where 引导的定语从句连接句5、6‎ We_are_to_meet_on_Sunday_morning_in_the_People's_Park，where_the_air_is_fresh_and_the_scenery_is_beautiful.‎ ‎2．用which引导的定语从句连接句7、8‎ I_advise_you_to_go_to_the_bookstore_to_borrow_a_history_book_and_learn_the_history_of_the_Tang_Dynasty_in_advance,_which_can_help_you_better_understand_the_poems_to_be_learned.‎ 第四步：过渡衔接，润色成文创满分 Dear Leslie，‎ I am delighted to know you are interested in Tang poems.Now I'm writing to tell you the plan for the next class.‎ Actually I am very fond of Tang poems.I think it great fun to learn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you.We are to meet on Sunday morning in the People's Park, where the air is fresh and the scenery is beautiful.We will learn from 8：00 am to 10：00 am.Besides, I advise you to go to the bookstore to borrow a history book and learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance, which can help you better understand the poems to be learned.‎ If you have any questions, please let me know.Looking forward to your early reply.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎ 单元检测A——语言基础扎根练＋阅读理解提速练 ‎[语言基础扎根练]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The DNA test showed that he was not the birth son of the man and woman who had raised (养育) him.‎ ‎2．(2018·成都模拟)Their classification and analysis occupied (占用) scientists for years and led to a fivevolume report, the last volume being ‎ published in 1895.‎ ‎3．The next April 5th night, I volunteered to stay, though a new doctor promised to replaced (替换) my night work.‎ ‎4．(2017·江苏高考阅读)By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process (进程)．‎ ‎5．(2018·鞍山模拟)With our region's natural beauty, we produce a unique (独特的) range of foods, fresh fruits and vegetables to ensure that our area remains worldfamous.‎ ‎6．(2017·江苏高考书面表达)As is indicated (显示) in the graph, the boxoffice income of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2015.‎ ‎7．(2018·杭州一模)Being confident in your appearance (外貌) makes you more confident in other areas.‎ ‎8．After that, he, representing (代表) Chinese Team, competed in the Olympic Games, the World Table Tennis Championship, and so on many times.‎ ‎9．The custom (风俗) of lighting the Olympic flame goes back centuries.‎ ‎10．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读)What the plants pump through the air is a mixture_ (混合物) of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.‎ ‎11．The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely (entire) free from dust.‎ ‎12．Others are concerned (concern) about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料)．‎ ‎13．My most embarrassing (embarrass) moment was trying to introduce a woman whose name I couldn't remember.‎ ‎14．In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure (press) or to die from heart attacks.‎ ‎15．Knives should not be kept where it is accessible (access) to children.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎ ‎1．Occupying in looking after her babies, my aunt has little time to hang out with us.Occupying→Occupied ‎2．Things in the world differ in each other in a thousand ways.第一个in改为from ‎3．The only access for the farm house is across the fields.for→to ‎4．A medical team, consisted of 30 doctors, was sent to the disaster area.consisted→consisting ‎5．The group has expressed concern of reports of political violence in Africa.of→about/for ‎6．Making a good impression on the interviewers is for vital importance.for→of ‎7．Everyone wants to live in a beautiful and comfortable place, but not either know where it is.either→all ‎8．I didn't accept the job because it was badly paid and aside with that, it wasn't very interesting.with→from ‎9．You might be entire mistaken by them in such conditions.entire→entirely ‎10．The expert reached the conclusion the universe was expanding.conclusion后加that Ⅲ.翻译句子 ‎ ‎1．并不是所有人都愿意做这样的工作，因为它对于有些人来说太难了。(部分否定)‎ Not_all_are_willing_to_do_such_work,_for_it_is_quite_hard_for_some_of_them.‎ ‎2．在所有科学领域里，基础研究是非常重要的。(be of＋抽象名词)‎ Basic_research_is_of_great_importance_in_all_scientific_fields.‎ ‎3．无论你什么时候方便，请过来把你需要的书取走。(be convenient for/to)‎ Whenever_it_is_convenient_for/to_you,_come_and_get_back_the_books_you_need.‎ ‎4．一项研究表明太多的惩罚会导致孩子失去信心。(lead to)‎ A_research_shows_that_too_much_punishment_will_lead_to_children's_losing_confidence.‎ ‎5．他驾驶考试没有通过是因为他太粗心了。‎ ‎(because引导的表语从句)‎ That_he_failed_in_the_driving_test_is_because_he_was_too_careless.‎ ‎6．有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。(while)‎ Some_people_waste_food_while_others_don't_have_enough.‎ ‎[阅读理解提速练]‎ A ‎(2018·烟台质检)You may think that English speaking competitions are dominated by English majors, and that college students from other majors don't stand a chance of winning. But this year's China Daily “21st Century·CocaCola Cup” National English Speaking Competition provided strong evidence to the contrary.‎ The competition drew to an end on March 20 at Beijing Foreign Studies University. None of the top three contestants were English majors. The grand champion, Zhu Xue, is a medical student from Shanghai Jiao Tong University. And the runnersup named Cai Yao from Beijing Foreign Studies University and Li Zehan from the Chinese University of Hong Kong are both law students. Chen Mengzhu from New York University Shanghai won the fourth place and will be heading to London in May to compete in the International Public Speaking Competition on behalf of China. And guess what? Chen is not an English major either. She is a science student, majoring in interactive media art.‎ Their advantages may lie in the unique qualities and experiences that ‎ come with their majors. For example, Zhu managed to keep a cool head throughout the competition, a skill probably honed (磨炼) in her training as a medical student. She was even calm after she won the championship.‎ Qu Weiguo, a Fudan University professor and one of the competition's judges, believes it's no surprise that students like Zhu surged (蜂拥而来) ahead. “English majors may be superior at their language skills, but they may lack the knowledge from other fields to support their speech and enrich their arguments，” he said.‎ Throughout the past 20 years, contestants at the competition have transitioned (变迁) from focusing solely on language skills to placing more emphasis on the content of the speeches.‎ 语篇解读：人们可能会认为英语演讲比赛应该是英语专业学生的天下，但是中国日报社“21世纪·可口可乐杯”全国英语演讲比赛结果有力地证明了这种看法是错误的。‎ ‎1．The underlined word “dominated” in Paragraph 1 refers to “________”．‎ A．permitted　　　　　 B．controlled C．hosted D．taught 解析：选B　词义猜测题。permit意为“允许”；control意为“控制；掌控”；host意为“主办；主持”；teach意为“教”。第一段第一句中提到来自其他专业的大学生都没有赢得英语演讲比赛的机会，由此可知，人们可能会认为英语演讲比赛都是英语专业的人获胜，也就是英语专业的人占有优势，这和control的意思相符，故选B项。‎ ‎2．Who won the first place in the latest National English Speaking Competition?‎ A．Chen Mengzhu from New York University Shanghai.‎ B．Cai Yao from Beijing Foreign Studies University.‎ C．Zhu Xue from Shanghai Jiao Tong University.‎ D．Li Zehan from the Chinese University of Hong Kong.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，冠军是来自上海交通大学医学专业的朱雪。故选C项。‎ ‎3．According to the passage, what should English major competitors pay more attention to in the future?‎ A．The content of the speeches.‎ B．A good command of English language.‎ C．Skills of making a speech.‎ D．A cool head.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段一位复旦大学教授的话可知，英语专业的学生在语言技巧方面可能比较优秀，但是他们可能缺乏其他领域的知识来支撑他们的演讲和丰富他们的观点。最后一段指出：在过去的20年里，参加比赛的竞争者已经从仅仅注重语言技巧转变到更多地强调演讲的内容。由此可推出英语专业的参赛者在将来应该更多地注意演讲的内容，故选A项。‎ ‎4．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?‎ CP：Central Point　P：Point　Sp：Subpoint(次要点)　C：Conclusion 解析：选B　篇章结构题。分析文章结构可以发现，本文是总—分—总结构。第一段提出英语专业学生没有获得英语演讲比赛这一主题，下面三段利用事例来支持观点并分析原因，最后一段得出结论并指出英语专业的学生以后应该多注意演讲的内容。故选B项。‎ B Whenever something looks interesting or beautiful, there is a natural desire of us to capture and preserve it — which means, in this day and age, that we are likely to reach for our phones to take a picture.‎ Though this would seem to be an ideal solution, there are two big problems associated with taking pictures. Firstly, we are likely to be so busy taking pictures that we forget to look at the world whose beauty and interest encourage us to take a photograph in the first place. And secondly, because we feel the pictures are safely stored on our phones, we never get around to looking at them, so sure are we that we'll get around to them one day.‎ The first person to notice the problems was the English art critic, John Ruskin. He was a keen traveler who realized that most tourists make ‎ a poor job of noticing or remembering the beautiful things they see. He argued that humans have a natural tendency to respond to beauty and desire to have it, but there are better and worse expressions of this desire. At worse, we get into buying souvenirs or taking photographs. But, in Ruskin's eyes, there's just one thing we should do — attempting to draw the interesting things we see, regardless of whether we happen to have any talent for doing so.‎ Ruskin said, “Drawing can teach us to see: to notice properly rather than gaze absentmindedly. In the process of recreating with our own hand what lies before our eyes, we naturally move from a position of observing beauty in a loose way to one where we acquire a deep understanding of its parts.”‎ Ruskin deplored the blindness and hurry of modern tourists, especially those who prided themselves on traveling around the whole Europe in a week by train, “No changing of places at a hundred miles an hour will make us stronger, happier, or wiser. There was always more in the world than men could see, if they ever walked slowly; they will see it no better for going fast. The really precious things are thoughts and sights, not pace.”‎ 语篇解读：无可厚非，手机给我们的生活带来了很多便利，所以每当人们想要捕捉并保存看到的美景时，都会拿起手机去拍照，但是英国的拉斯金指出，画画才是看到美景时我们应该做的。‎ ‎5．According to Paragraph 2, when taking pictures, people tend to ________.‎ A．find it hard to learn skills of taking good pictures B．find a good way to keep things in their minds C．forget to appreciate something attractive on the spot D．have a chance to meet the challenge of new technology 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Firstly, we are likely to be so busy taking pictures ... take a photograph in the first place.”可知，人们看到吸引人的东西时只忙着拍照，却忘记了在现场去欣赏它们。故选C项。‎ ‎6．According to Ruskin, what should travelers do to best express their appreciation of and desire for something beautiful?‎ A．To speak it out openly.‎ B．To paint it immediately.‎ C．To purchase it directly.‎ D．To photograph it instantly.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But, in Ruskin's eyes ...attempting to draw the interesting things we see, regardless of whether we happen to have any talent for doing so.”可知，在拉斯金看来，看到有趣的东西我们应该做的事情只有一件：不管我们是否有画画的天赋，都要试着把它画下来。故选B项。‎ ‎7．From the fourth paragraph, we can infer that Ruskin encourages us to be ________.‎ A．creative and thoughtful B．active and adventurous C．considerate and determined D．sensitive and ambitious 解析：选A　推理判断题。本段陈述了拉斯金对把美景画下来的看法：画画教给我们正确地去观看而不是心不在焉地盯着看。在用我们自己的手去再创造我们眼前的东西的过程中，我们就会自然地从懒散观看转换到更深层地理解美景。由此可知，拉斯金鼓励我们要多去思考，要有创造性。故选A项。‎ ‎8．The underlined word “deplored” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to “________”．‎ A．appreciated B．favored C．criticized D．ignored 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“blindness and hurry”及拉斯金所说的话可知，拉斯金不赞成现代游客的盲目和匆忙。故选C项。‎ 单元检测B——完形填空精准练＋失分题型强化练 ‎[完形填空精准练]‎ ‎(2018·青岛调研)Do you know that body language accounts for over 90% of a conversation? That's why communicating face to face is always better than a telephone conversation__1__if you are trying to sell something!‎ Your body language will give others a general__2__ of you and it will also show your emotions. It's very difficult to make your body__3__. It's easy to tell the difference between a__4__ smile of pleasure and a false smile. So if you understand body language codes (密码), it is usually possible to know what someone really__5__， whatever they may be saying with__6__.‎ Although much of our body language is universal, a lot is also__7__. Culture codes vary from one country to another and they can__8__misunderstandings. Even simple gestures may have a completely different meaning in other parts of the world. For example, the circle__9__made with three raised fingers means “OK” in the United States. But it is not universal. In Brazil, Greece and Germany it is a__10__gesture showing disrespect and in Japan it means “money”！‎ In many Asian cultures, it is not appropriate for men and women to touch in public. Therefore, displays of affection such as__11__ hands or kissing are not__12__. In some parts of Asia, __13__， it is common for people of the same sex to hold hands as a sign of__14__.‎ Greetings vary according to the country and the sex of the people involved. In the west, it is appropriate to shake hands when you__15__someone for the first time and both men and women can__16__ a handshake. In Indonesia, for example, a man will not offer a handshake to an Indonesian woman__17__they are in a business situation.‎ If you want to avoid making__18__ mistakes when you travel to other countries, you should__19__ their basic culture codes before you leave. If you do this, you are less likely to__20__ people.‎ 语篇解读：文章主要讲述了肢体语言在不同国家的不同含义。肢体语言会给他人留下对你的总体印象，也会显示出你的情绪。让你的身体撒谎很难，但辨别真诚的快乐微笑和假笑很容易。‎ ‎1．A.namely　　　　　　　 B．particularly C．importantly D．practically 解析：选B　namely意为“也就是，换句话说”；particularly意为“特别地，尤其”；importantly意为“重要地”；practically意为“实际地”。前文提到面对面交流比电话交流效果好，下文列举了一个特别的情况：试图向别人推销东西的时候。故选B项。‎ ‎2．A.imagination B．description C．expression D．impression 解析：选D　imagination意为“想象”；description意为“描述”；expression意为“表达”；impression意为“印象”。肢体语言会给他人留下对你的总体印象。故选D项。‎ ‎3．A.lie B．talk C．act D．conduct 解析：选A　lie意为“撒谎”；talk意为“说”；act意为“行动”；conduct意为“表现；管理”。根据上文的“it will also show your emotions”可知，肢体语言会反映人的情绪，故此处指让你的身体撒谎很难。故选A项。‎ ‎4．A.polite B．shy C．sincere D．ready 解析：选C　polite意为“礼貌的”；shy意为“害羞的”；sincere意为“真诚的”；ready意为“准备的”。既然身体很难撒谎，那么辨别真诚的快乐微笑和假笑很容易。该空和后面的“false(虚假的)”对应，故选C项。‎ ‎5．A.cares B．means C．shows D．considers 解析：选B　care意为“关心；在乎”；mean意为“意思是”；show意为“展示；表明”；consider意为“考虑；认为”。前文提到身体很难撒谎，由此可知通过肢体语言，通常有可能了解一个人真正的意思是什么。故选B项。‎ ‎6．A.words B．examples C．feelings D．movements 解析：选A　word意为“词语；话语”；example意为“例子；榜样”；feeling意为“感受；感情；感觉”；movement意为“行动”。由句意可知选A项。‎ ‎7．A.exact B．foreign C．cultural D．similar 解析：选C　exact意为“准确的；精确的”；foreign意为“国外的”；cultural意为“文化的”；similar意为“相似的”。由句中的Although以及universal(通用的，普遍的)可知，该空表达的意思应和universal相反，再结合下句中的“Culture codes”‎ ‎，可知选C项。句意：虽然我们大多数的肢体语言具有普遍性，但很多也具有文化性。‎ ‎8．A.clear up B．cut down C．refer to D．lead to 解析：选D　clear up意为“清理”；cut down意为“砍倒”；refer to意为“参考”；lead to意为“导致”。句意：每个国家的文化密码各不相同，且文化密码会导致误解。故选D项。‎ ‎9．A.sign B．mark C．shape D．figure 解析：选A　sign意为“迹象；手势”；mark意为“标记；分数”；shape意为“形状”；figure意为“数字”。句意：例如三根举起的手指加上一个圆圈组成的手势在美国是OK的意思，但这个手势不是通用的。故选A项。‎ ‎10．A.helpless B．rude C．dangerous D．casual 解析：选B　helpless意为“无助的”；rude意为“粗鲁的”；dangerous意为“危险的”；casual意为“随意的”。由下文的“showing disrespect”可知应选B项。句意：在巴西、希腊和德国，这是粗鲁的手势，显示不尊敬，在日本这是“钱”的意思！‎ ‎11．A.shaking B．touching C．raising D．holding 解析：选D　shake hands意为“握手”；touch hands意为“‎ 触摸手”；raise hands意为“举手”；hold hands意为“牵手”。句意：因此，表示爱慕(的行为)，比如牵手或亲吻都是不可接受的。shake hands表示握手，是社交场合礼貌性的行为，而语境中指的是男女朋友间的“牵手”。本段最后一句的“hold hands”为原词复现。‎ ‎12．A.comfortable B．suitable C．acceptable D．reasonable 解析：选C　comfortable意为“舒服的”；suitable意为“合适的”；acceptable意为“可接受的”；reasonable意为“合理的”。句意：因此，比如牵手或亲吻都是不可接受的。‎ ‎13．A.therefore B．otherwise C．however D．besides 解析：选C　therefore意为“因此”；otherwise意为“否则”；however意为“然而”；besides意为“除……外，还”。该句和上文是转折关系， 故选C项。句意：然而，在亚洲的一些地方，人们普遍与同性牵手以表示友谊。‎ ‎14．A.friendship B．love C．admiration D．concern 解析：选A　句意见上题解析。friendship意为“友谊”；love意为“爱”；admiration意为“羡慕”；concern意为“关心”。故选A项。‎ ‎15．A.know B．introduce C．approach D．meet 解析：选D　know意为“知道”；introduce意为“介绍”；approach意为“接近”；meet意为“遇见”。由下文的“for the first time”以及“a handshake”可知，这里介绍的是第一次见面的情况。句意：在西方，在你初次和某人见面时握手是合适的。‎ ‎16．A.suggest B．start C．demand D．follow 解析：选B　suggest意为“建议”；start意为“开始”；demand意为“要求”；follow意为“跟随”。此处是说男性和女性都可以先握手。故选B项。‎ ‎17．A.unless B．until C．if D．while 解析：选A　unless意为“除非；如果不”；until意为“直到”；if意为“如果”；while意为“当……的时候”。句意：例如，在印度尼西亚，如果不是谈生意时，男士不会主动同女士握手。故选A项。‎ ‎18．A.surprising B．disappointing C．embarrassing D．interesting 解析：选C　surprising意为“令人惊讶的”；disappointing意为“令人失望的”；embarrassing意为“令人尴尬的”；interesting意为“有趣的”。句意：如果你想避免到其他国家旅行时犯一些尴尬的错误，你就应该在出发前了解他们的基本文化密码。故选C项。‎ ‎19．A.experience B．develop C．respect D．understand 解析：选D　句意见上题解析。experience意为“经历”；develop意为“发展”；respect意为“尊重”；understand意为“理解，懂”。故选D项。‎ ‎20．A.worry B．offense C．affect D．disturb 解析：选B　worry意为“担心”；offense意为“冒犯”；affect意为“影响”；disturb意为“打断；打扰”。句意：如果你这样做，你就可能少冒犯别人了。故选B项。‎ ‎[失分题型强化练]‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 After I had been in China studying Chinese for about a year, I had exhausted my old textbook. I wanted more interesting material. One day I came upon a bookstore, and, __1__ (realize) how cheap books in China were, __2__ (have) the idea that I should start learning from Chinese children's books. __3__ was perfect and so obvious — why hadn't I done this __4__ (early)?‎ Then reality came as a shock. There was a very good reason __5__ everyone wasn't doing it already: Chinese children's books __6__ (design) for native Chinese kids, so they __7__ (general) don't make good material for foreign language learners.‎ Most Chinese children's books are too hard __8__ Chinese learners. It'll be discouraging to read many books, especially those __9__ (choose) at random, and all the “pinyin” is likely to be less helpful than you think. So, I do wish, one day, there are some really good books __10__ (suit) for foreign learners out there in China's bookstores.‎ 语篇解读：作者在中国学习汉语大约有一年的时间了，在他逛书店时突发奇想认为应该从中国儿童书开始学习汉语，结果事与愿违。‎ ‎1．realizing　考查非谓语动词。句意：有一天，我偶遇一家书店，意识到在中国书是多么便宜，我于是想到应该从中国儿童书中学习汉语。该空前面有连词and，后面2空又给了动词提示词have，故该空所填词应该作状语，realize与句子主语I之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故应用现在分词。‎ ‎2．had　考查动词的时态。句意参见上题解析。根据时间状语One day可知，此处叙述作者逛书店时产生的想法，是发生在过去的动作，应用一般过去时。故填had。‎ ‎3．It　考查代词。句意：这是极好的并且非常明显——我为什么不早点这样做呢？设空处作句子的主语，指代上文提到的从中国儿童书中学习汉语这件事，故填It。‎ ‎4．earlier　考查副词的比较级。句意参见上题解析。根据句意，此处暗含有与自己原来所做的进行对比的含义，因此，应用比较级。故填earlier。‎ ‎5．why　考查定语从句。句意：为什么大家早没有那么做是有非常好的理由的……‎ reason为先行词，设空处在定语从句中作状语，表示原因，应用why来引导。故填why。‎ ‎6．are designed　考查动词的时态和语态。句意：……中国的儿童书是为中国本土儿童设计的……设空处作冒号后的句子的谓语，design与books之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态；此处叙述的是客观事实，因此应用一般现在时。故填are designed。be designed for意为“为……而设计”。‎ ‎7．generally　考查词性转换。句意：……所以，对于外语学习者而言，它们一般不能成为好的学习材料。提示词为general，前面是主语they，后面是谓语don't make，故设空处应用副词作状语。故填generally。‎ ‎8．for　考查介词。句意：大部分中国儿童书对于汉语学习者来说太难。for意为“对于”，符合句意。‎ ‎9．chosen　考查非谓语动词。those代指前面提到的books。根据句子结构，choose at random应作后置定语，choose与those之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故填chosen。‎ ‎10．suitable　考查词性转换。句意：所以，我真希望有一天在中国书店里有一些真正好的适合外国学习者的书。“there are some really good books”是there be句型，故books后应该跟后置定语。be suitable for意为“适合”，作后置定语时直接使用suitable for结构。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 It's not easy for us to accept the fact which we are going to leave our beloved school. However, we are looked forward to our future life. Last night, my friends and I walk around our school, talking about the ‎ funny things that had been happened in the past three years. Suddenly, I came across an idea. I said to him we should make a deal that we could get together here four years late. My friends were so exciting about it, and they agreed with me. I started to think about what I would become in the future. I may becoming a teacher, or a doctor. I think deal will help us keep in touch to each other.‎ 答案：第一句：which→that 第二句：looked→looking 第三句：walk→walked; 去掉been 第五句：him→them; late→later 第六句：exciting→excited 第八句：becoming→become 第九句：在deal前加the; to→with