2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars单元学案（26页） 25页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修三Unit4Astronomy:the science of the stars单元学案 一单元基础知识链接 一、分层单词 ‎ 写作词汇 ‎1.　　　　 prep.与……不同;不像 ‎ ‎2.　　　　adv. 因此,于是 ‎ ‎3.　　　　adj.温和的;文雅的 ‎ ‎4.　　　　 n.气候 ‎ 阅读词汇 ‎1.astronomy n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎2.system n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎3.globe n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎4.atmosphere n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎5.fundamental adj.　　　　　 ‎ ‎6.chain n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎7.multiply vt.& vi.　　　　　 ‎ ‎8.gravity n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎9.satellite n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎10.physicist n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎11.crash vi.&vt.　　　　　 ‎ ‎12.spaceship n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎13.pull n.&vt.　　　　　 ‎ ‎14.float vi.&vt.& n.　　　　　 ‎ ‎15.oxygen n.　　 ‎ 拓展词汇 ‎1.　　　　adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的→　　　　 n.暴力→　　　　adv. 暴力地;猛烈地 ‎ ‎2.　　　　adj.有害的→　　　　 n.& v.伤害→　　　　  ‎ adj.无害的 ‎3.　　　　 vi.存在;生存→　　　　n.存在;生存 ‎ ‎4.　　　　 vi.&vt.(使)迷惑;(使)为难 n.谜;难题→　　　　adj.迷惑不解的→　　　　adj.令人迷惑的 ‎ ‎5.　　　　 n.生物学→　　　　 n.生物学家 ‎ 二、高频短语 ‎ ‎1.　　　　　　及时;终于 ‎ ‎2.　　　　　　熟悉;掌握;理解 ‎ ‎3.　　　　　　产生;分娩 ‎ ‎4.　　　　　　轮到某人 ‎ ‎5.　　　　　　阻止;制止 ‎ ‎6.　　　　　　感到高兴;感到振奋 ‎ ‎7.　　　　　　既然 ‎ ‎8.　　　　　　突发;爆发 ‎ ‎9.　　　　　　密切注意;当心;提防 ‎ ‎10.　　　　　　挡住(光线) ‎ 三、经典句型 ‎1.This produced a chain reaction,which 　　　　　　(使生命的发展成为可能).  ‎ ‎2.　　　　　　　　　(很多科学家所相信的是)the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.  ‎ ‎3.Last month I 　　　　　　　　　(我足够有幸有机会)to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. ‎ ‎4.When we get closer to the moon,we shall feel its gravity pulling us,but it will 　　　　　　　　　(不像地球的引力那么大).  ‎ ‎5.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried　　　　　　　　　(地球上的两倍远)and fell over. ‎ ‎6....walking does need a bit of practice 　　　　　　(既然重力改变了). ‎ 基础知识运用篇 一、语境词汇运用 ‎(一)词汇拼写(注意单词或短语的形式变化)‎ ‎1.Worse still, being addicted to cellphones might also lead to teenagers’ poor performance at school, 　　　(因此)adding to their elders’ worries. ‎ ‎2.The final of the match was going on in an exciting 　　　 (气氛) and won hearty applause at times. ‎ ‎3.She 　　　 (拉;拖) him gently towards her just now. ‎ ‎4.Some 　　　 (基本的) mistakes are not allowed to make when you are doing the work. ‎ ‎5.As we know, the earth is becoming warmer and warmer due to the global 　　　(气候)change. ‎ ‎6.　　　 (不像) most people in the office who come to work by car, I usually come to work by bus. ‎ ‎7.When the Chinese women volleyball team turned up, all the fans 　　　　　　(感到振奋). ‎ ‎8.Please tell me when Mr. Smith is arriving at the train station so that I can pick him up 　　　　　　(及时). ‎ ‎9.Once he has made up his mind, no one can 　　　him 　　　(阻止)carrying out the plan. ‎ ‎10.At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which 　　　　　　(突发;爆发)at ten this morning. ‎ ‎11.You’ve made me suffer in the past, so now you, 　　　　　　　　　(轮到你), suffer again! ‎ ‎12.She married at 17 and 　　　　　　　　　(分娩)her first child shortly after. ‎ ‎13.She bought a heavy curtain to 　　　　　　(挡住)the light. ‎ ‎(二)单句填空 ‎1.He often says that he doesn’t believe in any 　　　 (religious) and only believes in himself. ‎ ‎2.The factory gives off 　　　gases. They may do 　　　to our health.(harm) ‎ ‎3.Do you believe the 　　　 of ghosts? Perhaps they only 　　　in the minds of some people.(exist) ‎ ‎4.The 　　　look on her face suggested she was 　　　 about the　　　 math problem.(puzzle) ‎ ‎5.The robbers hit them 　　　. They couldn’t bear it any more so they decided to answer 　　　 with 　　　 and began their 　　　fightback. (violent) ‎ 二、经典句型仿写 ‎1.了解唐朝的历史会使你更容易理解唐诗。(形式宾语it)(2017课标全国Ⅰ书面表达)‎ Knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty　　　　　　　 Tang poems. ‎ ‎2.请给予他们鼓励,让他们和你们一样过着丰富多彩而充实的生活。(as+adj.+a/an+n.+as)‎ Please give them encouragement　　　　　　　　　you do.  ‎ ‎3.新图书馆是旧图书馆的4倍大。(倍数+as...as...)‎ The new library is　　　　　　　　　the old one.  ‎ ‎4.既然大家都到齐了,我们可以开始开会了。(now that) ‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　, we can begin the meeting.  ‎ 答案精解精析 基础知识默写篇 一、分层单词 写作词汇 ‎1.unlike　2.thus　3.gentle　4.climate 阅读词汇 ‎1.天文学　2.系统;体系;制度　3.球体;地球仪;地球　4.大气层;气氛 ‎5.基本的;基础的　6.链子;连锁;锁链　7.乘;增加　8.万有引力;重力 ‎9.卫星;人造卫星　10.物理学家　11.碰撞;坠落　12.宇宙飞船　13.拉(力);拖;牵引力　14.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮;漂浮物　15.氧 拓展词汇 ‎1.violent;violence;violently　2.harmful;harm;harmless　3.exist;existence ‎4.puzzle;puzzled;puzzling　5.biology;biologist 二、高频短语 ‎1.in time　2.get the hang of　3.give birth to　4.in one's turn　5.prevent...from　6.cheer up　7.now that　8.break out　9.watch out for　10.block out 三、经典句型 ‎1.made it possible for life to develop　2.What many scientists believe is that ‎3.was lucky enough to have a chance　4.not be as strong a pull as the earth's　5.twice as far as on the earth　6.now that gravity has changed 基础知识运用篇 一、语境词汇运用 ‎(一)词汇拼写 ‎1.thus　2.atmosphere　3.pulled　4.fundamental　5.climate ‎6.Unlike　7.cheered up　8.in time　9.prevent;from　10.broke out ‎11.in your turn　12.gave birth to　13.block out ‎1 课文与语法填空 ‎　　阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ The earth was just 　1　 cloud of dust after the “Big Bang”.The earth exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time 　2　(produce) many things,which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. As the earth cooled down,water began to appear on 　3　(it)surface. It allowed the earth to dissolve 　4　 (harm)gases. Then life began to develop. ‎ ‎　　Small plants multiplied and 　5　(fill) the oceans and seas with oxygen. This encouraged the 　6　 (develop) of early shellfish and fish. Land animals such as insects,reptiles and dinosaurs appeared after green 　7　(plant) appeared. Small clever animals spread all over the earth. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,　8　 prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.　9　 life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can 　10　 (solve). ‎ ‎1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　 ‎ ‎6.　　　 7.　　　 8.　　　 9.　　　 10.　　　 ‎ ‎2 课文与短文改错 根据课文内容,对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ Last month I paid a visit the moon with my friend. Before we left, I was told the force of gravity would change three time on our journey. Then we took up. As we left the earth, I became very heavily. Gradually the weight lessen. When I was in space, it was disappeared. We floated weightlessly in the cabin and I cheered up. When I was on the moon, I was surprise to find even walking needed a bit of practice now that gravity changed. Returning of the earth was very frightened. We were amazed to watch fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship.‎ ‎3 话题知识与写作 Ⅰ.根据提示翻译下列句子。‎ ‎1.我们能登陆火星吗?这完全取决于科学和技术的发展。(depend on)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2.火星上几乎没有氧气,这使生命不可能存在。(make;exist)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.中午的温度可能在零上50℃左右,而晚上的温度则在零下100℃左右。这使得我们无法在那里生活。(prevent...from...)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4.既然火星与地球完全不同,如果我们有朝一日去火星的话,我们不得不带上我们自己的氧气、食物、衣服和住的地方。(now that)‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅱ.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案精解精析 ‎1.课文与语法填空 ‎1.a　2.to produce　3.its　4.harmful　5.filled ‎6.development　7.plants　8.which　9.Whether 10.be solved　‎ ‎2.课文与短文改错 ‎　　Last month I paid a visit ① the moon with my friend. Before we left, I was told the force of gravity would change three ②on our journey. Then we took ③. As we left the earth, I became very ④. Gradually the weight ⑤. When I was in space, it ⑥was disappeared. We floated weightlessly in the cabin and I cheered up. When I was on the moon, I was ⑦ to find even walking needed a bit of ‎ practice now that gravity changed. Returning ⑧ the earth was very⑨. We were amazed to watch fire ⑩ out on the outside of the spaceship.‎ ‎①pay a visit to...拜访……,为固定搭配。‎ ‎②此处time表示“次数”,且前面有three修饰,故用复数形式。‎ ‎③take up 占据,从事;take off起飞。此处指我们起飞了。‎ ‎④become为系动词,后用形容词作表语。‎ ‎⑤结合上下文可知,此处应该用一般过去时态。‎ ‎⑥disappear为不及物动词,无被动语态。‎ ‎⑦surprised吃惊的。‎ ‎⑧return to the earth 回到地球。‎ ‎⑨frightening令人害怕的。‎ ‎⑩watch...do...观看……做……,强调看到动作的全过程。‎ ‎3.话题知识与写作 Ⅰ.1.Can we land on Mars? It all depends on the development of science and technology. ‎ ‎2.There is almost no oxygen on Mars and this makes it impossible for life to exist. ‎ ‎3.It might be about 50℃ above zero at noon and 100℃ below zero at night, which prevents us from living there. ‎ ‎4.Now that Mars is quite different from the earth, if we are to go to Mars one day, we have to take along our own oxygen, food, clothing and shelter.‎ Ⅱ.[参考范文]‎ ‎　　Whether we can land on Mars depends on the development of science and technology. There is almost no oxygen on Mars, which makes it impossible for life to exist. It might be about 50℃ above zero at noon and 100℃ below zero at night, which prevents us from living there. Now that Mars is quite different from the earth, if we are to go to Mars one day, we have to take along our own oxygen, food, clothing and shelter.‎ 单元阅读解题指导 所给词为名词的做题技巧 (语法填空)‎ 方法指导 在语法填空中,如果括号中的提示词为名词,通常从下面两个角度命题。‎ ‎1)名词单复数:根据名词的特点、上下文或谓语动词的特点确定名词的数。‎ ‎2)名词与形容词的转换:根据句子成分和词与词之间的修饰关系判断。‎ 典例引领 (2017浙江)‎ ‎　　阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 　1　 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 　2　(shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring. ‎ Pahlsson screamed 　3　 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt 　4　(I),” says Pahlsson. ‎ Sixteen years 　5　(early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 　6　(cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband 　7　(search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again,” she says. She never replaced it. ‎ Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 　8　(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 　9　 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top ‎ accidentally sprouted(生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 　10　wonder. ‎ ‎1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　 ‎ ‎6.　　　 7.　　　 8.　　　 9.　　　 10.　　　 ‎ 方法运用 ‎[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Lena奇迹般地从自家的菜园里找到了她丢失了十六年的戒指的故事。‎ ‎1.carrots　根据a handful of可知,设空处应该用复数形式,表示拔出了一把小胡萝卜,因此用carrots。‎ ‎2.shiny/shining　根据上下文可知,此处指“闪光的东西”,所填单词作定语,表示特征,因此用shiny或shining。‎ ‎3.so　此处考查so...that...结构,意为“如此……以至于……”。‎ ‎4.myself　她认为我伤着我自己了。根据语境可知,此处应该用反身代词。‎ ‎5.earlier　此处表示“十六年前”,earlier……之前。‎ ‎6.to cook　此处用动词不定式表目的。‎ ‎7.searched　此处所缺单词是谓语动词,讲述的是过去的事情,因此应该用一般过去时。‎ ‎8.swept　此处表示“戒指可能被扫到了厨房垃圾里面”。根据语境可知,此处应该用swept。‎ ‎9.where　此处所缺单词引导定语从句,并且在定语从句中作地点状语,因此用where。‎ ‎10.a　此处所填单词用来修饰名词wonder,同时表示泛指,因此用不定冠词a。‎ 单元综合知识检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018河南许昌模拟)‎ While astronauts in space get to do many exciting things,they miss out on ordinary things that we all take for granted—being able to walk on firm ground,hanging out with family and digging into a slice of hot steaming pizza.Though not much can be done about the first two things,there may soon be a solution to the third one,thanks to this cool 3D pizza printer!‎ About a year ago,NASA offered $125,000 to Anjan Contractor,a 3D technology expert,to build a device(设备) that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand.The mechanical engineer promised that his invention would produce pies in large quantities that looked,tasted and even smelled like pizza made in common ovens.‎ Late last year,the engineer presented a video of his first prototype(原型) that begins by creating a single slice of dough ‎ ‎(面团) that is cooked and printed at the same time.Then comes the tomato “sauce”—a mix of tomato powder,oil and water and finally,a protein slice that resembles cheese.While the video doesn’t show the baking process,the inventor says that once the pizza is printed,it can be ready to be consumed in 7 seconds.‎ While the pie in the video looks delicious enough to attract any pizza lover,Anjan Contractor is far from ready for astronauts.That’s because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years.Though that may sound unrealistic,actually it is not.‎ Anjan Contractor believes that the only way that is possible is that the water is removed from all the ingredients(配料) and then they are reduced to the powder form.This,as you can imagine,will not be so easy.But,while the printer may not be ready for space,it certainly looks ready enough for people on earth.Hopefully,NASA and Contractor will consider selling it to those not fortunate enough to go to Mars!‎ ‎1.Why does the author mention the things that astronauts in space cannot do?‎ A.To ask us not to take common things for granted.‎ B.To show they live a difficult life there.‎ C.To show their life is boring in space.‎ D.To introduce the topic of the text.‎ ‎2.NASA offered $125,000 to Anjan Contractor mainly to　　　. ‎ A.create some new type of 3D printer B.attract more companies to work for NASA C.help astronauts in space enjoy fresh pizza one day D.produce pizza in large quantities to earn great profits ‎3.The biggest challenge that Anjan Contractor is faced with now is probably that　　　. ‎ A.he has no money left to go on with his research B.the pizza doesn’t seem appetizing to pizza lovers C.he has no way to make pizza that can last for thirty years D.he cannot make the food container last for decades ‎4.What’s the best title of the passage?‎ A.NASA is trying its best to help astronauts eat better ‎ B.Astronauts may soon be able to enjoy steaming hot pizza C.NASA is working on making pizza for common people D.A 3D pizza printer has been used to make pizza B ‎(2017云南昆明适应性检测)‎ Bike Share Toronto is the city’s official bike share program designed to give locals and visitors a fun, affordable and convenient alternative to walking, taxis, buses and the ‎ subway. There are 200 Bike Share Toronto stations and 2,000 bikes across the city, making bikes the most accessible way to get around.‎ How it works ‎●Become an annual member or buy a Day Pass to access the system.‎ ‎●Find an available bike nearby, and get a ride code or use your member key to unlock it.‎ ‎●Take as many short rides as you want while your pass or membership is active.‎ ‎●Return your bike to any station, and wait for the green light on the dock to make sure it’s locked.‎ Choose a plan ‎●For visitors Day Pass:$7. Unlimited 30-minute rides in a 24-hour period.‎ ‎3-Day Pass:$15. Unlimited 30-minute rides in a 72-hour period.‎ ‎●For locals Monthly Pass:$25. Unlimited 30-minute rides for a month.‎ Annual Membership:$90. Unlimited 30-minute rides for a whole year. The Annual Membership is the best deal for the locals of Toronto and other frequent riders.‎ The cost of the first 30 minutes of each ride is included in the membership or pass price. Avoid extra fees by changing your bike every 30 minutes at any other station. If you keep a bike for more than 30 minutes, you will be charged extra $1.50 for the second 30 minutes, $4 for the next 30 minutes, and $7 for each additional 30 minutes after that.‎ Contact us ‎●Customer Service: (855)898-2388‎ ‎●Repair Service: (855)898-2378‎ ‎●Corporation Partners: (855)898-2398‎ ‎●Employment Opportunities: (855)898-2498‎ ‎5.Which is the most suitable choice for the locals in Toronto?‎ A.Day Pass. B.3-Day Pass.‎ C.Monthly Pass. D.Annual Membership.‎ ‎6.How much will the extra fees be if you travel for two hours by bike?‎ A.$5.5. B.$9.5. C.$12.5. D.$15.5.‎ ‎7.For more information about working for Bike Share Toronto, contact them at　　　. ‎ ‎ A.(855)898-2388 B.(855)898-2378 ‎ C.(855)898-2398 D.(855)898-2498‎ ‎8.Which of the following statements is TRUE?‎ A.A member can get a code or a key to the bike.‎ B.Bike Share Toronto is a non-profit program.‎ C.Shared bikes have taken the place of other vehicles.‎ D.The green light on the dock shows the bike is unlocked.‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 ‎(2018安徽合肥高三调研)‎ 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Many of my friends like fall and regard it as their favorite season. Last weekend, I went outdoors and soon ‎　1　 (find) a deeper appreciation of this season. ‎ The change of leaf colors is a common reason given　2　people’s love of fall. Each tree reacts　3　 (different) to the change of the season. Some shed their leaves in the hope of reproducing; however, other 　4　 (tree) remain green as long as possible to gain additional energy from the sun to survive the winter. This effect ‎　5　 (call) the flight-or-fight response. ‎ Fall is the time of　6　 (reflect) and preparation for the year ahead. I have found the meaning of fall. I’m　7　 18-year-old boy in the final year of high school and my life ‎ is a work in progress. There are times when I want to give up, but then I look around and realize life keeps　8　(move).The natural cycle of life is beautiful and doesn’t stop so I have to learn to keep up. ‎ The meaning of fall is different for each person. I encourage you　9　(go) out for a walk along some path and discover　10　fall means to you. ‎ ‎1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　 ‎ ‎6.　　　 7.　　　 8.　　　 9.　　　10.　　　 ‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎　　假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。‎ 修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ Last Saturday I went to the library as usually. At about noon, I was enjoying my reading near a lake while suddenly I hear someone crying for help. I went to see what was happened. ‎ I was shocking to find a little child struggling in the water in the distance while many peoples were standing by without doing anything. Without any hesitation, I had pushed through the crowd as I took off my coat, but jumped into the water quickly. I managed to reach him and carried him back to safety. To his great relief, the kid was saved. ‎ I was proud what I had done. I hope everyone can give a hand when someone else is in need. ‎ 答案精解精析 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎[语篇解读]　美国宇航局出资125,000美元给一名3D技术专家,使其发明一种能够使宇航员在需要时制作可口比萨饼的3D打印机。‎ ‎1.D　推理判断题。根据第一段尤其是第一段最后一句可推知作者提及宇航员在太空不能做某些事情是为了引出本文的话题,故答案为D项。‎ ‎2.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“About a year ago,NASA offered $125,000 to Anjan Contractor,a 3D technology expert,to build a device that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand.”可知答案为C项。‎ ‎3.D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“That’s because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years.”可知本题答案为D项。‎ ‎4.B　主旨大意题。文章是围绕在太空用3D比萨打印机这一主题展开的,故本文题目应为:宇航员不久将能够享用热比萨。故答案为B项。‎ B ‎[语篇解读]　本文为应用文,介绍了加拿大多伦多的共享单车服务。‎ ‎5.D　细节理解题。根据文中的“The Annual Membership is the best deal for the locals of Toronto and other frequent riders.”可知选择D项。‎ ‎6.C　推理判断题。根据文中的“If you keep a bike for more than 30 minutes...and $7 for each additional 30 minutes after that.”可知,骑行两个小时额外付费为:$1.5+$4+$7=$12.5,故选C项。‎ ‎7.D　细节理解题。由Employment Opportunities:(855)898-2498可知选择D项。‎ ‎8.A　细节理解题。根据文中“Find an available bike nearby, and get a ride code or use your member key to unlock it.”可知共享单车会员会得到一个骑行密码一把会员钥匙,故选A项。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 ‎[语篇解读]　文章介绍了作者喜欢秋天的原因。‎ ‎1.found　根据空格前的went可知此处应用一般过去时。 ‎ ‎2.for　树叶颜色的变化是人们喜爱秋天的一个普遍原因,the reason for...意为“……的原因”。‎ ‎3.differently　句意:每棵树对季节改变的反应不同。空格处修饰动词reacts,故使用副词differently。 ‎ ‎4.trees　根据谓语动词remain可判断主语应使用名词的复数形式,故答案为trees。 ‎ ‎5.is called　call与句子主语构成被动关系,故答案为is called。‎ ‎6.reflection　秋天是反思和对未来一年做准备的时刻。介词of后面需接名词与preparation并列,故答案为reflection。　‎ ‎7.an　数词18的发音以元音音素开头,故使用不定冠词an。 ‎ ‎8.moving　keep doing sth.意为“一直做某事,继续做某事”。‎ ‎9.to go　encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。‎ ‎10.what　discover后面为宾语从句,宾语从句中缺动词means的宾语,故使用连接代词what。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎　　Last Saturday I went to the library as ①. At about noon, I was enjoying my reading near a lake ② suddenly I ③ someone crying for help. I went to see what was ④. I was ⑤ to find a little child struggling in the water in the distance while many ⑥ were standing by without doing anything. Without any hesitation, I ⑦had pushed through the crowd as I took off my coat, ⑧ jumped into the ‎ water quickly. I managed to reach him and carried him back to safety. To ⑨ great relief, the kid was saved. ‎ I was proud ⑩ what I had done. I hope everyone can give a hand when someone else is in need. ‎ ‎①短语as usual意为“照旧;像往常一样”。‎ ‎②be doing sth. when...意为“正在做某事就在这时……”。‎ ‎③文中叙述过去发生的事情,故使用一般过去时。‎ ‎④此处指正在发生的事情,且happen无被动语态。‎ ‎⑤shocked常常修饰人;shocking常常修饰物。‎ ‎⑥集体名词people常常不用加“s”。‎ ‎⑦此处指过去发生的动作,故使用一般过去时。‎ ‎⑧上下文之间为并列关系,故用and。‎ ‎⑨代词指代错误。‎ ‎⑩短语搭配be proud of意为“对……感到骄傲”。‎