【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习阅读理解精选：（7）主旨大意七选五1 12页

主旨大意+七选五1‎ ‎1、Stephen Hawking’s final fear was that DNA manipulation would lead to a master race of superhumans. The physicist, who died aged 76 in March, 2018, thought the development could destroy the rest of human beings. His last prediction is revealed in a new book of his collected articles and essays called Brief Answers to Big Questions.‎ Hawking feared rich people would soon be able to edit their children’s DNA to improve attributes like memory and disease immunity. And he said that would pose a crisis for the rest of the world even if politicians tried to illegalize the practice. In an extract (摘录) published by The Sunday Times, he wrote: “I am sure that during this century people will discover how to modify both intelligence and instincts such as aggression. “Laws will probably be passed against genetic engineering with humans. But some people won’t be able to resist the temptation to improve human characteristics, such as memory, resistance to disease and length of life.” And he said that would cause huge problems for humans who have not undergone the same process, leaving them unable to compete. The professor even warned it could lead to the extinction of humanity as we know it. He said of normal humans: “Presumably they will die out, or become unimportant. Instead, there will be a race of self-designing beings who are improving at an ever-increasing rate.” The Brief History of Time author also refers to techniques like Crispr, which enables scientists to modify harmful genes and add in others. And although such procedures could be a boost for medical science, some critics are worried that they could cause a eugenics-style (优生方式) movement, where the weak are weeded out of society.‎ The new book, published by Hodder & Stoughton on Tuesday, also collects his writings on what he thought were the big questions facing science and wider society. In it, he examines whether aliens exist, colonize space and whether humans will ever go beyond our Solar System.‎ ‎1. Stephen Hawking’s views don’t include _________.‎ A. DNA manipulation could lead to the extinction of human beings.‎ B. There exist techniques to modify harmful genes and add in good genes.‎ C. People cannot resist the temptation to improve human characteristics.‎ D. Humans who haven’t undergone genetic engineering may die out.‎ ‎2. Which one is the hook published by Hodder & Stoughton?‎ A. Brief Answers to Questions. B. The Sunday Times.‎ C. The Brief History of Time. D. Solar System.‎ ‎3. What’s Stephen Hawking’s attitude towards human genetic engineering?‎ A. Supportive. B. Impartial. C. Favorable. D. Concerned.‎ ‎4. What does the text mainly want to tell us?‎ A. Crispr can enable scientists to get harmful genes changed.‎ B. DNA manipulation will create a master race of superhumans.‎ C. Humans will colonize space and go beyond our Solar System.‎ D. DNA manipulation may lead to the extinction of human beings.‎ ‎2、Recently a creative advertisement displaying the deep love between an overseas student and his parents has stirred up a debate on Chinese social media, with many criticizing China’s younger generation of being spoiled and too dependent. ‎ In the ad, which was created by Chins Merchants Bank to promote its credit card for overseas students, a Chinese student named Lan overcomes the initial “fresh-off-the-boat” feeling and starts to make friends with local American students. Deciding to make some stir-fried tomatoes and eggs, a popular Chinese dish, to impress his foreign friends, Lan asks his parents in China for help. Despite the 12-hour time difference, the parents wake up at 4 am to make a how-to-video for their son.‎ The ad has been viewed over 1.2 million times since it was posted online on Thursday, and has received mixed reactions from Chinese netizens.‎ Some called it a heart-wrenching demonstration of parental love, sharing their own moving moments with their parents.‎ ‎“When I studied abroad, my mother also taught me how to cook delicious dishes over the Internet, so that I would not starve and could enjoy my life in a foreign country, “wrote a netizen on Sina Weibo, adding that the ad brought her to tears.‎ Others showed a different opinion, criticizing the parents for spoiling the boy.‎ ‎"Chinese parents spoil their children. I think it’s heartless and not touching to wake your parents up in the middle of the night just to satisfy your vanity to impress others. Such parental love would only destroy a child, rather than make him/her independent,” wrote a netizen.‎ ‎"I think the boy is dumb to ask his parents for help, as a casual online search of the recipe can offer at least 6 million results. Spoiling your child is not love, it’s called connivance(纵容),” noted another netizen.‎ ‎1.What does the creative advertisement lead to on Chinese social media? A.A great economic interest. B.A great increase in credit card sales. C.A hot topic on social morality. D.A heated debate on Chinese family education. 2.According to paragraph 2, Lan called his parent at ________ in American time. A.8:00 am B.20:00 pm C.16:00 pm D.4:00 am 3.What is the first netizen’s attitude towards the story in the ad on Sina Weibo? A.Ambiguous. B.Negative. C.Neutral. D.Sympathetic. 4.What’s the best title of the text? A.Controversial Ad Draws Mixed Reaction from Chinese Public. B.How to Make a Popular Chinese Dish. C.The Current Situation of Chinese Netizens. D.Arguments on China’s Advertisement Business.‎ ‎3、    A study, conducted by David Evans of the World Bank and Anna Popova of Stanford University, looked at 19 programs around the world in which individuals were given cash transfers (汇款)from the government, either as a handout or as a “reward” for something like getting kids to school on time or taking them to the doctor for checkups.‎ ‎    Evans and Popova looked at the impact those cash transfers had on the family budget and whether or not they led to an increase in spending on alcohol and cigarettes .What they found was that they almost always led to a reduction in a family’s alcohol and tobacco purchases.‎ ‎    The news may surprise some people, but it’s true, and the researchers have several theories about why.‎ ‎    One theory is that the cash transfer made things possible that once seemed impossible. Investing in their kids’ education or buying healthier and more expensive foods may be within reach now, but without the cash handout, these goals weren’t even a possibility. So families cut back on other expenses (like alcohol and tobacco) to make those dreams a reality.‎ ‎    Another theory is that people just generally seem to do what they’re told.If they are given money and told to use it for their family’s welfare, in most cases, they will do just that.And that leads to the third theory: These cash transfers are usually given to women, and studies show that when women control the purse strings, more money is spent on taking care of their children.‎ ‎    Whatever the reason for the trend, the data is clear—families that receive cash handouts don’t waste the money on booze and cigarettes as was previously thought. Instead, they typically use that money for the benefit of their families. And that’s money well spent.‎ ‎1.The study proves that      . A.cash transfers help poor families get what would seem unavailable otherwise B.cash should be given to poor people as a reward for something good for kids C.given cash handouts, poor people would spend the money on alcohol and tobacco D.poor people would save the cash given by the government for emergency needs 2.A cash transfer led to a reduction in a family’s alcohol and tobacco purchases because       . A.the education gained with the cash would help them drop alcohol and tobacco B.the money previously for alcohol and tobacco would help realize their dream C.buying healthier and more expensive foods left less money for alcohol and tobacco D.that was the promise made before the cash transfer was given to the poor family 3.In paragraph 5, when the author said “women control the purse strings”, he just meant “      ”. A.women are told what to do B.women are given the money C.women know what to do with the ‎ money D.women have the final word for money 4.The passage mainly tells us      . A.how the study was carried out B.why cash transfer is preferred C.the findings of a study and explanations to them D.the theories for a study about cash transfers ‎4、    Have you ever heard of agritourism where you can experience farm life? If not, Dr. Cindy Ayers-Elliott will tell you the real story of Foot Print Farms.‎ ‎    The original concept of building Foot Print Farms was simple. When Ayers-Elliott returned to her hometown after graduation,she didn' t have to look any further than her state' s alarming health statistics to find a mission. Everywhere she turned, there were reports of high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity and heart disease. “The problem was already identified." explains Ayers-Elliott. “Too many Mississippians were seriously unhealthy and it didn’t take research to see that. And many of the state' s greatest health challenges could directly result from poor diet. ”‎ ‎    These days,Foot Print Farms, which started with a few raised beds of herbs and vegetables, is making fresh, naturally grown food. "When speaking of the key to my success,the co-op model works because we share the work and rewards,” notes Ayers-Elliott. “ A perfect example is the Wingfield High School football team. To earn the money for equipment and other items, players committed to working five hours a week on the farm,and by the end of the summer they had produced 1,000 melons and the profits from their sales helped to buy weights,T-shirts,sweat suits and pregame meals. But the lessons they learned about the rewards of hard work and working together to accomplish something were even more valuable products of their efforts. ”‎ ‎    "It' s a model that can easily be learned in other places and I' m looking forward to seeing some of our current partners do just that——to take what they have learned here and spin it off in other communities,"Ayers-Elliott remarks. She is now looking forward to developing an agritourism aspect to the farm, where visitors can experience farm life, learn new skills and take with them seeds of inspiration they can sow in their own communities when they return home.‎ ‎1.What made Ayers-Elliott set up Foot Print Farms? A.The problems faced by local ‎ farmers. B.Her further research into heart disease. C.The failure of her career after graduation. D.The health state of people in her hometown. 2.Why does the author take the football team as an example?A. To advocate the concept of independence.B. To stress the importance of teamwork.C. To support the idea of co-op model.D. To explore the key to success. A.To advocate the concept of independence. B.To stress the importance of teamwork. C.To support the idea of co-op model. D.To explore the key to success. 3.What is Ayers-Elliott' s attitude towards the future of Foot Print Farms? A.Optimistic. B.Skeptical. C.Cautious. D.Ambiguous. 4.What is the main idea of the text? A.Naturally grown food benefits people’s health. B.Food Print Farms is making a difference in Mississippi. C.Ayers-Elliott encourages people to experience farm D.Agritourism is becoming increasingly popular in America.‎ ‎5、Why talkative kids are more likely to succeed ‎    Talkative kids can sometimes be a headache for parents, but the willingness to speak loud and often is largely considered a positive thing. ①__________The benefits go far beyond that to grade school, secondary education, college and especially the workplace. The following is why talkative kids are more likely to succeed when they grow up.‎ ‎    ②__________Talktive kids aren't going to be able to stay quiet for long. This can definitely become a problem, but if they’re able to learn when it’s okay to talk and when it’s not, it can have big rewards. In a classroom, for example, it can mean that they're raising their hands a lot and ‎ contributing to discussions. Teachers usually need tricks and tips to get a discussion going,but not if one or two talkative kids are in the classroom.‎ ‎    They have more to say. Most children couldn't come up with enough to talk for five straight minutes. ③__________It shows that they have a lot of ideas. That thoughtfulness and sense of imagination will pay off when they need to come up with a new strategy.‎ ‎    They have a lot of energy. ④__________Just think about all they could get done if they just put that energy to good use. If your children never stay quiet,that's a problem. Help them find hobbies so that they can divert(转移) the energy towards something productive.‎ ‎    They keep things interesting. Any parents of talkative kids can prove that they try to keep things interesting and often entertaining. ⑤__________In a world where even parenthood can be dull at times, it’s good to have something in your life that is going to keep surprising you, and talkative kids are the most likely to shake things up.‎ A. They’ll participate more.‎ B. Talkative kids are very energetic.‎ C. But talkative kids can talk for hours.‎ D. They'll have better communication skills.‎ E. Research even shows that talkative kids do better in preschool.‎ F. It's not always easy on the parent, but at least it never gets boring.‎ G. When you ask more questions, they will naturally give more answers.‎ ‎6、                          Kids’ health : Four steps for fighting stress       Everybody gets stressed from time to time.①__________Some ways of dealing with stress—like screaming or hitting someone—don’t solve (解决)much. But other ways,like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better.       Try taking these four steps the next time you are stressed:       (1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives.②__________They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.       (2) Don’t take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, that’s not a good idea. Remember that there are always people to help ‎ you. Don’t take it out on yourself.③__________       (3) Try to solve the problem. After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends,it’s time to get down to business.④__________Even if you can’t solve it all,you can solve a piece of it.       (4) Be positive. Most stress is temporary (暂时的). Remember stress does go away, especially when you figure out the problem and start working on solving it.       These steps aren’t magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time,you’ll help yourself feel better even faster.⑤__________ A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. B. Notice your friends’ feelings and find a way to help them. C. Different people feel stress in different ways. D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And don't forget about your friends. G. Then, find a way to calm down.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案以及解析 ‎1答案及解析：‎ 答案：32. C 33. A 34. D 35. D 解析：‎ ‎【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第四句"But some people won't be able to resist the temptation to improve human characteristics, such as memory, resistance to disease and length of life."可知是some people而不是people,故C选项以偏概全,不是霍金的观点。故选C。‎ ‎【2题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中"The new book published by Hodder & Stoughton on Tuesday"使用了定冠词the可知是对应上文第一次提到的a new book of his collected articles and essays called Brief Answers to Big Questions,故Brief Answers to Big Questions 是由Hodder & Stoughton 出版的,A选项正确; The Sunday ‎ Times是霍金曾经在上面发表过文章的报刊,故B选项排除;The Brief History of Time是霍金之前的书,故排除C选项;Solar System不是书,D选项不正确。故综上选A。‎ ‎【3题详解】观点态度题。从文章第一段第一句"Stephen Hawking's final fear was that DNA manipulation would lead to a master race of superhumans.";第二段第二句"And he said that would pose a crisis for the rest of the world even if politicians tried to illegalize the practice.";与第二段中"The professor even warned it could lead to the extinction of humanity as we know it."中fear, crisis, warn等词可以看出,霍金对于人类基因工程的态度是担忧的,因此选D。‎ ‎【4题详解】主旨大意题。文章只是作为举例说明,提到了Crispr(基因编辑技术) 使科学家能够修改有害的基因。并不是文章的主要内容,故排除A选项;文章提出操纵DNA将导致人类灭绝,而不是创造优良种族,B选项与文章内容相悖,故B选项错误;C选项"人类将移民太空并走出太阳系。"文章中没有提及,排除C选项;从文章的第一段第二句"The physicist, who died aged 76 in March, 2018, thought the development could destroy the rest of human beings."可知操纵DNA可能会导致人类灭绝,故选D。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.D; 4.A 解析：‎ 这篇文章主要讲了一个创意性广告在中国的社交媒体引起了一场关于中国家庭教育的热烈的争论。‎ ‎1. 细节理解题。由Recently a creative advertisement displaying the deep love between an overseas student and his parents has stirred up a debate on Chinese social media,可知这个创意性广告在中国的社交媒体引起了一场关于中国家庭教育的热烈的争论,选D。‎ ‎2. 计算题。由Despite the 12-hour time difference, the parents wake up at 4 am to make a how-to-video for their son.可知他的父母凌晨四点钟醒来,美国和中国有十二个小时的时差,所以Lan给他们父母打电话的时间是美国时间下午四点,选C。‎ ‎3. 推理判断题。由“When I studied abroad, my mother also taught me how to cook delicious dishes over the Internet, so that I would not starve and could enjoy my life in a foreign country, “wrote a netizen on Sina Weibo, adding that the ad brought her to tears.可推断出第一个网民对广告中的故事持共鸣态度,选D。‎ ‎4. 主旨大意题。由Recently a creative advertisement displaying the deep love between an overseas student and his parents has stirred up a debate on Chinese social media, with many criticizing China’s younger generation of being spoiled and too dependent.可知这篇文章主要讲了一个创意性广告在中国的社交媒体引起了一场关于中国家庭教育的热烈的争论,选A。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.D; 4.C 解析：1. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whatever the reason for the trend, the data is clear—families that receive cash handouts don’t waste the money on booze  and  cigarettes  as  was  previously thought….And that’s money well spent.”可知给贫穷家庭的汇款并不会被使用在酒精和香烟上,很多贫穷家庭会用来改善生活。这与之前的看法是相反的 2.推理判断题。根据第四段“One theory is that the cash transfer made things possible that once seemed impossible .…So families cut back on other expenses (like alcohol and tobacco) to make those dreams a reality”可知当某些家庭得到汇款以后,他们会把这笔钱和用在喝酒抽烟上的钱一起被用在孩子的教育上,或购买之前无法购买的东西上 3.猜测句意题。根据横线句前一句“These cash transfers are usually given to women…”可知当汇款给了女性以后,通常都会有比较好的结果。故划线句指“女性控制花钱的话语权”。 4.主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文,世界银行和斯坦福大学的专家进行了一项研究,给贫穷家庭一笔汇款,结果发现汇款能够减少烟酒方面的花销,文章分析了出现这一现象的原因。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.A; 4.B 解析：‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句 "Too many Mississippians were seriously unhealthy and it didn't take research to see that．And many of the state' s greatest health challenges could directly result from poor diet．"可知，让艾尔斯﹣艾略特成立了足印农场的原因是她家乡人们的健康状况。故选D。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段 But the lessons they learned about the rewards of hard work and ‎ working together to accomplish something were even more valuable products of their efforts可知，作者举足球队为例是为了支持合作模式的想法。故选C。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段It' s a model that can easily be learned in other places and I' m looking forward to seeing some of our current partners do just that﹣﹣to take what they have learned here and spin it off in other communities可知，艾尔斯﹣艾略特对足迹农场未来的态度是乐观的。故选A。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。阅读全文，根据最后一段第一句"It' s a model that can easily be learned in other places and I' m looking forward to seeing some of our current partners do just that﹣﹣to take what they have learned here and spin it off in other communities，"Ayers﹣Elliott remarks．艾尔斯﹣艾略 希望其他人也能够像他这样做。可知本文主要讲述了艾尔斯﹣艾略特成立了足印农场，对密西西比河周边的人起了积极的作用。故选B。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5答案及解析：‎ 答案：E; A; C; B; F 解析：‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是议论文,主要介绍了健谈的孩子更容易成功的几个理由。‎ ‎1. E本句衔接前后两句,说明健谈的孩子即使在学前教育阶段也很优秀。‎ ‎2. A本段主要介绍的是健谈的孩子参与性比普通孩子要强。‎ ‎3. C本句与上句形成对比,说明健谈的孩子可以连续说话好几个小时。‎ ‎4. B本句对本段的主题句做了进一步解释。‎ ‎5. F本段主要说的是健谈孩子的父母努力做到使每天的事情有趣和令人愉快。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6答案及解析：‎ 答案：C; F; A; E; D 解析：本文是说明文。文章介绍了克服压力的四个步骤:获取支持、避免自责、解决问题和保持积极情绪。 1. 细节过渡题。句首的 “Everybody gets stressed from time to time. ”是本段主题句,由此可知,此处的语境应该和主题有关,再联系下文中的“Some ways...”和“But other ‎ ways…说明不同的人对压力的体验不同。 2. 细节过渡题。本段主旨是“求助”,联系上文中的“parent or other relatives”可知,此处谈到向朋友求助。 3. 段落结论题。根据上文中的“Remember that there are always people to help you. ”可以推知,你需要寻求帮助以渡过难关。 4. 细节理解题。联系该段的主题句“Try to solve the problem.” 可以推知,你需要弄清楚你的问题所在。 5. 段落结论题。任何压力都是暂时的,所以保持乐观情绪,没有压力当然感觉很好。‎ ‎ ‎