【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习强化训练：专题1阅读理解4 16页

第一编　专题一　考点4‎ 真题题组 A ‎(2017·全国Ⅱ，B)‎ I first met Paul Newman in 1968，when George Roy Hill，the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid，introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that； they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers. ‎ The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors： humorous，aggressive，and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core(核心)of our relationship off the screen. ‎ We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly，but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events. ‎ I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was，and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了与Paul的相识及与其建立友谊的原因，虽不常见面但是却因共同的信念而保持着友谊。‎ ‎❶　Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first？ __C__‎ A．Paul Newman wanted it. ‎ B．The studio powers didn’t like his agent. ‎ C．He wasn’t famous enough. ‎ D．The director recommended someone else. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“When the studio didn’t want me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me”可知，摄影棚起初不愿意给作者角色的原因是想找一个与Paul一样著名的人物。故可知作者当时不够有名。该题选C项。‎ ‎❷　Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship？ __D__‎ A．They were of the same age. ‎ B．They worked in the same theater. ‎ C．They were both good actors. ‎ D．They have similar characteristics. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据文章第二段中的“We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors”可知，作者与Paul之所以拥有持久的友谊是因为他们有相似的性格特征。故D项符合题意。‎ ‎❸　What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to？ __A__‎ A．Their belief. B．Their care for children. ‎ C．Their success. D．Their support for each other. ‎ 解析：考查代词指代。根据第三段中的“We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success，you should put something back”可知，下文的内容是对the belief的解释，that引导同位语从句，解释说明the belief的具体内容。下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分享这个信念把我们带到了一起。故选A项。‎ ‎❹　What is the author’s purpose in writing the text？ __B__‎ A．To show his love of films. B．To remember a friend. ‎ C．To introduce a new movie. D．To share his acting experience. ‎ 解析：考查写作目的。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“I first met Paul Newman in 1968”以及最后一段中的“I last saw him a few months ago”可知，该篇文章的写作目的是回忆一位朋友，所以选B项。‎ B ‎(2016·全国Ⅱ，B)‎ Five years ago，when I taught art at a school in Seattle，I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student，and said： “Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45minutes today—and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week. ”‎ A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations. ‎ Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would ‎ infect(感染) other students. ‎ Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare，“But I’m just not creative. ”‎ ‎“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep？”‎ ‎“Oh，sure. ”‎ ‎“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams. ” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you？”‎ ‎“Nobody. I do it. ”‎ ‎“Really—at night，when you’re asleep？”‎ ‎“Sure. ” ‎ ‎“Try doing it in the daytime，in class，okay？”‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者五年前在西雅图教学生们美术时所发生的事情，以及培养学生们的想象力的方法。‎ ‎❺　The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to __A__‎ A．know more about the students B．make the lessons more exciting C．raise the students’ interest in art D．teach the students about toy design 解析：考查细节理解。根据文章第一段第一句话的“to find out something about my students”可知，作者使用Tinkertoys是为了弄清楚有关学生们的一些事情。故选A项。‎ ‎❻　What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3？ __D__‎ A．He liked to help his teacher. B．He preferred to study alone. ‎ C．He was active in class. D．He was imaginative. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段第四句话“Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work”可知，这个男孩儿非常具有创造性，故选D项。‎ ‎❼　What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？ __B__‎ A．Mistake. B．Drawback. ‎ C．Difficulty. D．Burden. ‎ 解析：考查词义猜测。根据下文的“I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking”可知，作者冒着推动那些有不同思维风格的学生的风险。故可知该词的意思为“不足，缺点”，所以选B项。‎ ‎❽　Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams？ __A__‎ A．To help them to see their creativity. ‎ B．To find out about their sleeping habits. ‎ C．To help them to improve their memory. ‎ D．To find out about their ways of thinking. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Without fail one would declare，’But I’m just not creative. ’”，及下文内容可推知，作者问学生们他们是否做梦了是为了让他们看到自己的创造力。故选A项。‎ C ‎(2017·江苏，B)‎ Before birth，babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic learning (胎教)，birds could rule_the_roost. As recently reported in The Auk： Ornithological Advances，some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch (孵化). New－born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of entering the world. ‎ This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer，a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia，and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched，the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular “feed me！” call. ‎ To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds，the researchers sought the red－backed fairy wren，another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks，ranking them by similarity. ‎ It turns out that baby red－backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs，the more similar were the babies’ begging calls. In addition，the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food. ‎ This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological (神经系统的) strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn. “As a parent，‎ do you invest in quality children，or do you invest in children that are in need？” Kleindorfer asks. “Our results suggest that they might be going for quality. ”‎ 文章大意：研究发现胎教并非人类独有，一些鸟儿在这方面做得甚至更出色。‎ ‎❾　The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“ __B__”. ‎ A．be the worst B．be the best C．be the as bad D．be just as good 解析：考查词义猜测。根据句中的转折词But与下文提到的鸟类在胎教方面做得很出色可知选择B。‎ 　What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on？ __A__‎ A．Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks. ‎ B．The observation of fairy wrens across Australia. ‎ C．The data collected from Queensland’s locals. ‎ D．Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二、三、四段的内容，尤其是第二段中的“the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers”，第三段的最后一句及第四段的第二句可知，Kleindorfer的发现是基于母鸟与幼鸟发出的叫声的相似性的，因此本题答案为A。‎ 　Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which __C__. ‎ A．can receive quality signals　 B．are in need of training C．fit the environment better D．make the loudest call 解析：考查细节理解。根据文章倒数第二段的最后一句和最后一段中的“An evolutionary inference can then be drawn”可知，与母鸟的叫声最相似的幼鸟可以得到最多的食物，这也能说明它符合进化论的理论：适者生存，故本题答案为C。‎ D ‎(2016·全国Ⅲ，B)‎ On one of her trips to New York several years ago，Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner. They settled in at a comfortable East Side café and within minutes，another customer was approaching their table. ‎ ‎“Hey，aren’t you from Mississippi？” the elegant，white－haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger. “I’m from Mississippi too. ”‎ Without a second thought，the woman joined the Welty party. When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled up a chair. ‎ ‎“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi，” Welty said. “I didn’t know what my New York friends were thinking. ”‎ Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine. By the time the group got up to ‎ leave，it was pouring outside. Welty’s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab. Heading back downtown toward her hotel，her big－city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi. ‎ ‎“My friend said：’Now we believe your stories，’” Welty added. “And I said： Now you know. These are the people that make me write them. ’”‎ Sitting on a sofa in her room，Welty，a slim figure in a simple gray dress，looked pleased with this explanation. ‎ ‎“I don’t make them up，” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years. “I don’t have to. ”‎ Beauticians，bartenders，piano players and people with purple hats，Welty’s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends，from walks through the streets of her native Jackson，Miss，from conversations overheard on a bus. It annoys Welty that，at 78，her left ear has now given out. Sometimes，sitting on a bus or a train，she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了美国著名女作家Eudora Welty在纽约的一次经历，并以此作为背景说明她的创作源于生活。‎ 　hat happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe？ __A__‎ A．Two strangers joined her. B．Her childhood friends came in. ‎ C．A heavy rain ruined the dinner. D．Some people held a party there. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。第三段中的“the woman”指的是第二段中的那个陌生人，根据第三段中的“When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled up a chair”可知，陌生女子的晚餐伙伴也加入了她们的行列中，故有两个陌生人加入到了Welty和朋友的晚餐中。‎ 　The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty’s __D__. ‎ A．readers B．parties C．friends D stories 解析：考查代词指代。画线词所在句“These are the people that make me write them”的主语These指的就是像那两位陌生人那样的人，换言之，这些新朋友就成了Welty笔下的写作素材，这些人就是让她写小说的人，故them指的是“小说”。‎ 　What can we learn about the characters in Welty’s fiction？ __C__‎ A．They live in big cities. B．They are mostly women. ‎ C．They come from real life. D．They are pleasure seekers. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据最后两段的内容可知，Welty小说中的人物源于真实生活。‎ E ‎(2017年11月浙江高考)‎ When I was in fourth grade，I worked part－time as a paperboy. Mrs. Stanley was one of my customers. She’d watch me coming down her street，and by the time I’d biked up to her doorstep，there’d be a cold drink waiting. I’d sit and drink while she talked. ‎ Mrs. Stanley talked mostly about her dead husband，“Mr. Stanley and I went shopping this morning，” she’d say. The first time she said that，soda(汽水) went up my nose. ‎ I told my father how Mrs. Stanley talked as if Mr. Stanley were still alive. Dad said she was probably lonely，and that I ought to sit and listen and nod my head and smile，and maybe she’d work_it_out_of_her_system. So that’s what I did，and it turned out Dad was right. After a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery(墓地). ‎ I finally quit delivering newspapers and didn’t see Mrs. Stanley for several years. Then we crossed paths at a church fund－raiser (募捐活动). She was spooning mashed potatoes and looking happy. Four years before，she’d had to offer her paperboy a drink to have someone to talk with. Now she had friends. Her husband was gone，but life went on. ‎ I live in the city now，and my paperboy is a lady named Edna with three kids. She asks me how I’m doing. When I don’t say “fine，” she sticks around to hear my problems. She’s lived in the city most of her life，but she knows about community. Community isn’t so much a place as it is a state of mind. You find it whenever people ask how you’re doing because they care，and not because they’re getting paid to do so. Sometimes it’s good to just smile，nod your head and listen. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者小时候作为报童倾听别人的诉说，而现在作者也会向送报纸的人诉说自己的困难的经历，并感慨在我们的社会中，人与人之间需要互相关爱。‎ 　Why did soda go up the author’s nose one time？ __B__‎ A．He was talking fast. B．He was shocked. ‎ C．He was in a hurry. D．He was absent－minded. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“her dead husband”可知，Stanley先生已经去世了，可是Stanley太太却说：“Stanley先生和我今天早上去购物了。”由此可推断出，Stanley太太的话使“我”很震惊。结合第三段父亲向“我”解释原因的内容也可以推知当时“我”是很震惊并迷惑不解的，所以选B项。‎ 　Why did the author sit and listen to Mrs. Stanley according to Paragraph 3？ __B__‎ A．He enjoyed the drink. B．He wanted to be helpful. ‎ C．He took the chance to rest. D．He tried to please his dad. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段内容可知，“我”不理解为什么Stanley太太谈论Stanley先生时仿佛他还在世。“我”‎ 向父亲说了这件事并听从父亲的建议，静静地坐着倾听Stanley太太的诉说，“我”希望这是有帮助的。‎ 　Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase “work it out of her system”？ __A__‎ A．recover from her sadness B．move out of the neighborhood C．turn to her old friends D．speak out about her past 解析：考查词义猜测。根据第二至三段内容可知，Stanley太大刚开始无法接受丈夫去世的事实，常常向“我”倾诉她去世的丈夫的事，后来“我”接受了父亲的建议，静静地倾听她的诉说。结合第三段最后一句“After a while she seemed content to leave her husband over at the cemetery(墓地)”可知，不久之后，她慢慢地接受了丈夫去世的事实，从悲伤中恢复过来。‎ 　What does the author think people in a community should do？‎ A．Open up to others. B．Depend on each other. ‎ C．Pay for others’ help. D．Care about one another. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据最后一段内容尤其是“You find it whenever people ask how you’re doing because they care，and not because they’re getting paid to do so. Sometimes it’s good to just smile，nod your head and listen”可推知，在我们的社会中，人与人之间需要互相关爱，哪怕有时候仅仅是微笑、点头和倾听，这些都能够给别人以关心，由此选D项。‎ 模拟题组 A ‎(2018·河北省五个一名校联盟二模)‎ Imagine this scene： it’s blowing outside，and you snuggle(蜷伏) up on the sofa under a warm quilt，chatting and recalling with your closest friends. ‎ That content，cosy feeling，has a name in Danish—hygge. And，as Denmark recently won the title of “the happiest country in the world”，the concept of hygge is known to more and more people interested in finding ways to understand this concept. ‎ Hygge—originally from a Norwegian word meaning wellbeing—doesn’t have an exact equivalent(对应物) in English. It’s often translated as coziness，or as blogger Anna West told the BBC，“coziness of the soul”. But，professor Maren Spark explains，“Hygge_was_never_meant_to_be_translated. It_was_meant_to_be_felt. ”‎ Basically，hygge involves creating a warm，cosy atmosphere and enjoying it with your loved ones. Danish winters are long and dark，so achieving hygge is particularly relevant during this season. A typical hygge activity during winter could be enjoying delicious homemade food and light－hearted conversation with friends—preferably in the warm glow of candlelight，or maybe sipping a glass of wine in the hot tub after a day spent skiing. ‎ However，hygge isn’t only limited to the cold winter months—it can also describe that warm，fuzzy feeling you get after a walk through a forest with friends on a summer’s day or a family barbecue in the park. Hygge is meant to be shared. ‎ 文章大意：每年，丹麦人都会经历漫长而阴沉的冬日，可是丹麦却被认为是世界上最幸福的国家。文章向我们介绍了丹麦人是如何通过创造舒适的环境来提高幸福指数的。‎ ‎❶　The author asks the readers to imagine the scene in the first paragraph to __B__. ‎ A．help the readers to calm down B．introduce the topic of the passage C．present the main idea of the passage D．remind the readers of their past memories 解析：考查推理判断。由文章第一段和第二段可知，作者让读者想象这个情景是为了引出文章所要介绍的话题“hygge”。‎ ‎❷　What do the underlined sentences by Maren Spark mean？ __D__‎ A．The translation of the word “hygge” is not good enough. ‎ B．Only Danish speakers know what “hygge” means. ‎ C．“Hygge” is easy to translate but hard to feel. ‎ D．We can get the true meaning of “hygge” by feeling it. ‎ 解析：考查句意理解。根据第三段可知，“hygge”这个词常被解释为“coziness”，下文由“But”引出“professor Maren Spark”的观点“’hygge’不应该被翻译，而应用来感受”。由此可知，我们只有通过感受才能理解“hygge”的真正内涵。‎ ‎❸　Which of the following can be best described as a “hygge” activity？ __C__‎ A．Skiing in the cold winter months. ‎ B．Living through long dark winters. ‎ C．Taking afternoon tea with friends. ‎ D．Walking alone in the forest. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。由倒数第二段的第一句可知，“hygge”与创造一个温暖舒适的氛围并与你爱的人一起分享有关。C项中的“Taking afternoon tea”符合“creating a warm，cosy atmosphere”，“friends”对应“your loved ones”。故选C项。‎ ‎❹　The author writes this passage to __A__. ‎ A．explain B．persuade C．comment D．advertise 解析：考查写作目的。纵观全文可以看出，文章采用情景介绍、概念介绍、举例说明的方式向我们介绍了一种创造舒适的环境来提高幸福指数的生活方式：hygge。故选A项。‎ B ‎(2018·石家庄市一模)‎ Ireland’s Achill Island has always been a popular European tourist destination. However，since April in 2017，the small island of just 2,700 residents(居民) has gained worldwide fame thanks to the magical return of a beach that was washed away over three decades ago. ‎ The chain of events began in 1984 when residents of Dooagh，one of the settlements on the island，awoke to a surprising sight： their beautiful sandy beach had been washed away by strong Atlantic storms. There were only rocks and rock pools left. For about 34 years，only small amounts of sand returned to the once unspoiled shores. The area’s tourism industry slowly declined，and the handful of beachside hotels，pubs and restaurants gradually closed as well. ‎ Then around Easter in 2017，something magical happened—an unusual ten－day tide blanketed the barren 300－meter long rock beach with hundreds of tons of soft golden sand. Scientists suspect that the sand had been gathering offshore for months and was transported to the beach by the high winds and powerful waves. ‎ The locals are delighted to have their beach back，especially as it is attracting thousands of visitors wishing to witness the power of nature，with their own eyes. However，Sean Molloy，manager at Achill Tourism，cautions against going into the cold waters just yet，saying，“ Because of the sand coming in，we don’t know how safe the beach is now because currents (水流) could be changed and it’ll take a little bit of time. ”He instead recommends visitors enjoy the soft sand leave the swimming to the dolphins that frequent the area. ‎ Interestingly，this is not the first time Dooagh Beach has pulled a disappearing and reappearing act. It disappeared in the 1890s，for over 30 years，before returning in 1927. However，the locals are optimistic that this time around，the beautiful sand is here to stay. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了爱尔兰Achill岛消失的海滩时隔三十多年再次出现的事件。‎ ‎❺　What has brought Achill Island worldwide attention recently？ __C__‎ A．An unusual storm. ‎ B．The decrease in the number of residents. ‎ C．The return of its beach. ‎ D．The building of a new tourist destination. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“However，since April in 2017，the small island of just 2,700 residents(居民) has gained worldwide fame thanks to the magical return of a beach that was washed away over three decades ago”可知，消失了三十多年的海滩的回归使得Achill岛引起了全世界的关注。‎ ‎❻　What happened to Dooagh in the past three decades？ __A__‎ A．Tourism went down gradually. ‎ B．Restaurants developed slowly. ‎ C．Storms attacked frequently. ‎ D．Rock pools disappeared completely. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The area’s tourism industry slowly declined，and the handful of beachside hotels，pubs，and restaurants gradually closed as well”可知，随着海滩的消失，在过去三十多年里Dooagh地区的旅游业逐渐衰落。‎ ‎❼　What does the underlined word“ barren” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？ __C__‎ A．Noisy. B．Soft. ‎ C．Bare. D．Golden. ‎ 解析：考查词义猜测。根据画线词所在句中的“ten－day tide blanketed the barren 300－meter long rock beach with hundreds of tons of soft golden sand”可知，由于潮水的力量，300米长的岩石海滩被松软的金沙覆盖了。画线词修饰岩石海滩，结合文章内容可知，海滩消失之后，三十多年来岩石海滩表面什么都没有，所以画线词与bare同义，意为“空的，荒芜的”。‎ ‎❽　What should tourists avoid according to Sean Molloy？ __D__‎ A．Spoiling the shores. B．Getting into the rock pools. ‎ C．Playing with dolphins. D．Swimming near the beach. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“He instead recommends visitors enjoy the soft sand and leave the swimming to the dolphins that frequent the area”可知，Sean Molloy建议游客享受松软的沙子，把游泳让给海豚，即他建议游客不要在海滩附近游泳。‎ C ‎(2018·太原市二模)‎ Every day when Glen Oliver orders his morning coffee at the drive－through window of a local cafe，he insists on paying for the order of the person behind him. He also asks the restaurant workers to tell the customer to have a great day，in case they’re not already having one. ‎ Oliver has never made a big deal out of his own generous actions until a letter was published by a news website in November. He found out that he had not just bought someone his breakfast—he had saved a life. ‎ According to the website，someone had written a letter stating that on July 18th，he was planning on committing suicide. The writer said that while he was at the drive－through window，he was planning on going home，writing a note and ending his life. When he went to pay for his coffee and muffin，however，the cashier told him that the man in the SUV in front of him had picked_up_the_tab and told him to have a great day. ‎ ‎“I wondered why someone would buy coffee for a stranger for no reason，” said the writer. “Why me？ Why today？ If I were a religious man，I would take this as a sign. This random act of kindness was directed at me on this day for a purpose. ”‎ When the writer arrived home，he couldn’t hold back his tears and started to think about the simple good deed that had affected him so deeply. “I decided at that moment to change my plans for the day and do something nice for someone. I ended up helping a neighbor take groceries out of her car and into the house. ”‎ The writer said that in the months following that fateful event，he does at least one kind thing for others every day. “To the nice man in the SUV，thank you from the bottom of my heart. Please know kind gesture has turly saved a life，” he said. “On July 18，2017，I had the greatest day. ”‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。Glen Oliver在得来速买咖啡时总习惯为下一位顾客付钱，没想到他的善举挽救了一个准备自杀的人的生命。这个准备自杀的人准备付钱时，得知有人已经为他付过钱了，他深受感动，放弃了自杀的念头，决定做一个善良的乐于助人的人。‎ ‎❾　What is Oliver’s act of kindness every day？ __A__‎ A．Buying others breakfast. B．Greeting restaurant workers. ‎ C．Publishing positive news. D．Taking groceries for neighbors. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Every day when Glen Oliver orders his morning coffee at the drive－through window of a local cafe，he insists on paying for the order of the person behind him”可知，Glen Oliver每天早晨买咖啡时都为下一位顾客付钱，故A项正确。‎ 　What is special about Oliver’s act of kindness on July 18,2017？ __D__‎ A．It brought him thank－you letters. ‎ B．It was reported on a news website. ‎ C．It was the first time he’d paid for others. ‎ D．It stopped someone from killing himself. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段尾句“He found out that he had not just bought someone his breakfast—he had saved a life”并结合本文最后一句“On July 18,2017，I had the greatest day”可知，2017年7月18日对Oliver来说是特别的一天，因为那天他挽救了一个准备自杀的人的生命，故D项正确。‎ 　What does the underlined phrase “picked up the tab” mean in Paragraph 3？ __A__‎ A．Paid the bill. B．Parked the car. ‎ C．Left a message. D．Ordered a drink. ‎ 解析：考查词义猜测。根据第四段第一句“I wondered why someone would buy coffee for ‎ a stranger for no reason”可知，那个准备自杀的人思考，为什么有人无理由地给陌生人买咖啡，结合该句“When he went to pay for his coffee and muffin，however，the cashier told him that the man in the SUV in front of him had picked up the tab and told him to have a great day”可知，当他准备付钱时，收银员告诉他坐在SUV里的那个人已经为他付过钱了，并祝他有美好的一天；据此可以判断，画线词意为“付钱”，故A项正确。‎ 　How did the writer of the letter feel after the event？ __B__‎ A．He felt guilty. B．He felt grateful. ‎ C．He felt confused. D．He felt saddened. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第六段第二句“To the nice man in the SUV，thank you from the bottom of my heart. Please know your kind gesture has truly saved a life”可知，那个准备自杀的人衷心感谢那个坐在SUV中的善良的人，感谢他的善良挽救了他的生命，故B项正确。‎ D ‎(2018·长沙市二模)‎ With stress levels reaching new highs，it’s important for business owners to take steps to control and reduce their stress. It’s good for owners and for their business. Small and medium－sized business (SMB) owners are some of the most stressed out workers in the U．S. Not only do they feel the pressure of sustaining(维持) and growing their business，SMB owners also face the greatest business challenges from expanding sales channels to increasing tax complexities. ‎ Stress of employers and employees can cost your company 50 percent more in health insurance costs. Additionally，the serious health problems associated with stress could have a lasting，bad influence on your business. Finally，suffering high levels of stress means you aren’t taking the time to think creatively about how to grow or adapt your business to shifts in consumer habits or the competitive landscape(局面). ‎ When you take steps to decrease stress，your productivity increases and your business takes off. International studies have found that increased stress causes reduced productivity，while decreased stress lead to increased productivity. Reduced stress has great effects—energetic and active individuals positively affect the productivity of those around them. This is especially important to business owners who are the leaders of their company and staff. In addition to decreasing stress，a quick thinking session can immediately improve your decision－making and creative thinking. Large companies，including AOL and McKinsey & Company，have experienced increased sales performance as a result of thinking sessions introduced into the workday. ‎ 文章大意：本文是议论文，分析了压力对现今美国中小型企业主的影响，并提出了减小压力的办法以及因此带来的好处。‎ 　Why are SMB owners suffering great pressure？ __D__‎ A．Because they need to expand their business abroad. ‎ B．Because they can’t afford the increasing tax. ‎ C．Because they don’t take steps to control stress. ‎ D．Because they can hardly bring in more profits. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第一段最后一句“Not only do they feel the pressure of sustaining(维持)and growing their business，SMB owners also face the greatest business challenges from expanding sales channels to increasing tax complexities”可知，中小型企业主不但有维持并扩大企业的压力，同时也面临扩展销售渠道和不断增加的税收难题的挑战。概括来说，他们在增加企业利润上有压力，D项与此信息匹配。‎ 　What is the consequence of high levels of stress？ __C__‎ A．Increasing unemployment. ‎ B．Unawareness of a healthy body. ‎ C．Decrease in the levels of productivity. ‎ D．Alarming rate of death. ‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段第二句中的“International studies have found that increased stress causes reduced productivity”可知答案。‎ 　What does the underlined word “them” refer to？ __A__‎ A．Energetic and active individuals. ‎ B．Leaders and staff. ‎ C．Decreased stress levels. ‎ D．Business owners. ‎ 解析：考查代词指代。画线词所在句表示“压力减少有重要影响——精力充沛且积极主动的人能积极地影响他们周围的人的生产效率”，故them指的是energetic and active individuals。‎ E ‎(2018·安徽省知名示范高中联考)‎ ‎“BANG！” the door caused a reverberation(回声). It was just standing there，with Father standing on one side，and me on the other side. ‎ We were both in great anger. “Never set foot in this house again！” Father stormed. With tears welling up in my eyes，I rushed out and ran along the street. I wandered aimlessly. ‎ A young father who held a child in his arms walked past me. I felt as if I had seen my childhood from another space： happy and carefree. ‎ But now . . . I don’t know whether it is because I have grown up or because Father is getting old. We differ in our ways of thinking. It feels like there was an iron door between us. ‎ My heart was frozen on this hot summer night. As I walked on，there were fewer and fewer ‎ people on the streets，until I had only the street lights to keep me company. When I finally reached the high－rise apartment block in which I lived，I saw that the light was still on. ‎ I thought to myself： “Is Father waiting for me，or is he still angry with me？”‎ In fact，it was nothing. Perhaps，Father was throwing away some of his old stamps. Perhaps he thought they were useless. I never had the courage to tell him that I liked collecting stamps. ‎ All the lights were off except Father’s. ‎ Father was always like this. Maybe he didn’t know how to express himself. After shouting at me，he never showed any mercy or any moments of regret. ‎ This was how he always was. He has been a leader for so long that telling everyone else what to do has become his second nature. ‎ The light was still on. With the key in my hand，I was as nervous as I had never been. At last，I decided to open the door. As I opened the door，tears ran down my cheeks. I realized that the iron door that I had imagined between us did not exist at all. Love——it’s second to none. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。“我”和父亲发生争执，父亲对“我”发脾气说不让“我”再踏进家门。夜晚“我”在大街上徘徊，当“我”走到家楼下时，看到家里的灯始终亮着，“我”终于鼓起勇气，打开了家门……‎ 　Which of the following can replace the underlined part in Paragraph 2？ __B__‎ A．shouted in relief B．burst into anger C．burst out crying D．fell into sadness 解析：考查词义猜测。根据第二段第一至二句“We were both in great anger. ’Never set foot in this house again！’Father stormed”可知，我们都很愤怒，父亲对“我”怒吼道：“你再也不要踏进这所房子。”据此可以判断，画线词意为“怒吼”，故B项正确。‎ 干扰项分析：A项意为“轻松地呼喊”，C项意为“突然哭泣”，D项意为“陷于悲伤中”，都与语境不符。‎ 　What does the “iron door between us” actually refer to？ __A__‎ A．Their misunderstandings. B．Their different characters. ‎ C．Their ways of thinking. D．The father’s rudeness. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第四段可知，“我”不知道是因为“我”长大了，还是因为父亲老了；我们的思维方式不同；我们之间好像有一扇铁门。结合文章倒数第二句“I realized that the iron door that I had imagined between us did not exist at all”可知，“我”意识到，“我”想象中的那扇铁门根本就不存在。据此可以判断，文中提及的“铁门”是指“我”和父亲之间的误会，故A项正确。‎ 干扰项分析：B项意为“他们不同的性格”，C项意为“他们的思维方式”，D项意为“父亲的粗鲁”，都与文意不符。‎ 　In the author’s eyes，which of the following can be used to describe his father？ __C__‎ A．Inconsiderate. B．Indifferent. ‎ C．Stubborn. D．Uninterested. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第十段第二句“He has been a leader for so long that telling everyone else what to do has become his second nature”可知，在“我”看来，长期以来，父亲一直是一个领导者，告诉别人该做什么已经成为他的天性；结合第二段所描述的父亲不让“我”再踏进家门以及第九段第三句“After shouting at me，he never showed any mercy or any moments of regret”可以判断，在“我”看来，父亲是个固执的人，故C项正确。‎ 干扰项分析：根据第八段“All the lights were off except Father’s”可知，父亲开着灯等着“我”回家。据此可以判断，他不是一个不体贴的人，也不是一个冷漠的人，故A、B、D项错误。‎ 　What actually contributed to the opening of the door in the end？ __C__‎ A．The son’s giving in to his father. ‎ B．The regret undertaken by the son. ‎ C．The affection between the father and the son. ‎ D．The light that was on until late in the night. ‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第十一段第一句“The light was still on”可知，夜深了，父亲仍然开着灯；结合文章最后一句“Love—it’s second to none”可以判断，是父子之间的爱最后促使“我”找开了门，故C项正确。‎