高中英语人教版必修5课件：Unit 1　Section Ⅱ 48页

Section Ⅱ 　 Learning about Language, Using Language,Summing Up & Learning Tip 一、词义匹配 　 A 　　　　　　　　　 B 1 .construct 　　 a.besides,except for 2 .apart from b.the whole of space and everything in it,including the earth,the planets and the stars 3 .cautious c.to build something 4 .universe d.to refuse to accept,use,or believe something or someone 5 .reject e.showing or having caution;careful 答案 : 1.c 　 2.a 　 3.e 　 4.b 　 5.d 二、短语识义 1 .apart from 　　　　　　　　   2 .make sense 　　　　　　　　   3 .(be) strict with 　　　　　　　   除 …… 之外 ; 此外 有意义 ; 讲得通 对 …… 严格 三、词汇延伸 1 .construct vt. 修建 ; 建设 → 　　　　　　　　　 n . 建设 ; 修建   2 .contribute vt.&vi. 捐献 ; 贡献 ; 捐助 → 　　　　　　　 n . 捐献 ; 贡献 ; 捐助   3 .responsible adj. 有责任的 ; 负责的 → 　　　　　　　　 n . 责任 ; 负责   4 . 　　　　　　 v . 移动 ; 运动 →movement n . 移动 ; 运动 ; 动作   5 . 　　　　　　 v . 创造 →creative adj. 有创造力的 ; 创造性的 ; 独创的   6 .universe n. 宇宙 ; 世界 → 　　　　　　　 adj . 普遍的 ; 共同的   construction contribution responsibility move create universal 四、根据对话情景和内容 , 从对话后所给的选项中选出能填入每一空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两个为多余选项 Jack:Hi,Frank. Frank:Hi,Jack. Jack: 　 1 　   Frank:Yes,I have some books to read,but I can do it later. Jack:I want you to do me a favor. Frank:Go ahead. 　 2 　   Jack:Professor Smith is coming this afternoon.I am expected to meet him at the airport,but I have an important meeting to attend. Frank:I can do it for you. 　 3 　   Jack:He ’ s about your age,in his early thirties.Tall and handsome. Frank: 　 4 　   Jack:Oh,at about three o ’ clock.He is taking Flight 231 from Detroit.Thank you. Frank: 　 5 　   A.See you this afternoon. B.How can I recognize him? C.What do you want me to do? D.Are you free this afternoon? E.When should I leave for the airport? F.I am honored to meet the famous professor. G.Are you going to the meeting this afternoon? 答案 : 1~5 DCBEF 五、阅读课文 “ COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONARY THEORY ”, 回答下列问题 1 .What made Copernicus frightened and confused? A.The fact that the earth was the center of the solar system. B.The conclusion that the sun was the center of the solar system. C.The fact that the earth goes around the sun. D.The fact that God made the world. 答案 : B 2 .Why didn ’ t Copernicus publish his theory immediately? A.Because he didn ’ t think it was complete. B.Because he was afraid of being attacked by the Christian Church. C.Because his friends forbade him to do so. D.Because no one supported his ideas . 3 .When did Copernicus publish his theory? A.After his death. B.Before he told his friends about it. C.In 1543. D.Copernicus ’ theory was never published. 答案 : B 答案 : C 4 .All the following make it strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system except that 　　　 .   A.some planets in the sky seemed to stop or move backward B.some planets in the sky appeared brighter at times and less bright at others C.some planets in the sky seemed to go forward in a loop D.the sun goes around the earth 5 .What ’ s the Christian Church ’ s attitude towards Copernicus ’ theory? A.The Christian Church objected to Copernicus ’ theory. B.The Christian Church was in favour of Copernicus ’ theory. C.The Christian Church paid much attention to the theory. D.The Christian Church thought highly of Copernicus ’ theory. 答案 : D 答案 : A 1.contribute vt.& vi. 捐献 ; 贡献 ; 捐助 ( P4 ) ① Many warm-hearted people contributed some money to the poor village. 许多热心肠的人为那个贫穷的村庄捐献了一些钱。 ② 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. 3D 食品打印或许就能有助于解决这个问题。 ③ When someone is in great trouble,all of us should contribute to help him out. 当有人面临巨大困难时 , 我们都应该进行捐助 , 帮他摆脱困境。 考点延伸 阅读下列句子 , 指出黑体词的词性及其含义 ④ I ’ ve been asked to contribute an article to the language magazine. 词性 及物动词 　 含义 为 …… 撰稿 ⑤ Fresh air and exercise contribute to our health. 词性 不及物动词 　 含义 有助于 ⑥ Our appetite for new products also contributes to the problem. 词性 不及物动词 　 含义 导致 ⑦ Who made a great contribution to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.? 词性 名词 　 含义 贡献   归纳 make a contribution to/towards... 的含义是 “ 为 …… 做贡献 ” 。 contribute...to... 对 …… 做出贡献 ; 给 …… 撰稿 ; 有助于 ; 导致 contribute to 捐献 , 促成 , 有助于 contribution n . 贡献 make a contribution to/towards 对 …… 做贡献 2.Apart from the construction mentioned above , you have also learned the following phrases. ( P4 ) 除了上面提到的结构 , 你们还学过以下短语。 ★ 考点 　 apart from 除 …… 之外 ; 此外 ① Everyone apart from Mom had gone home. 除了妈妈 , 大家都回家了。 ② Apart from some spelling mistakes,the composition is fairly good. 除了一些拼写错误 , 这篇文章写得很不错。 考点延伸 阅读下列句子 , 注意黑体词或词组的意义或用法 ③ She understands Japanese besides/apart from English. = In addition to English,she understands Japanese. 除了英语之外 , 她还懂日语。 besides 和 in addition to 同义 , 表示 “ 除 …… 之外 ( 还 ) ” 。 ④ He gets up early every day except/apart from Sunday. 除星期天外 , 他每天早起。 ⑤ The room was very cold and, except for/apart from Jack,entirely empty. 这个房间很冷 , 而且除了杰克 , 完全是空荡荡的。 except for 的宾语与叙述对象完全是两回事 , 通常肯定 整体 , 用 except for 引出部分不足 。 ⑥ Everyone attended the meeting but/except/apart from Mary. 大家都出席了这次会议 , 但玛丽不在其列。 归纳 but 常可与 except 互换 , 强调 “ 其宾语不在其中 ” 。 apart from 的含义主要依据上下文而定 , 常与 besides,in addition to,except for 等换用。   3.Although he had tried to ignore them , all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. ( P7 ) 虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字 , 然而他所有的数学计算都得出一个相同的结论 : 地球不是太阳系的中心。 剖析 1 本句中含有一个 although 引导的 让步 状语从句。 ① 【高考典句】 (2019 北京高考 ) Although she founded her company early on in life,she wasn ’ t driven primarily by profit. 尽管她早年就创立了自己的公司 , 但她最主要的并不是追逐利润。 注意 : 引导让步状语从句的词或短语还有 :though,while,even if/though,however,whatever,no matter what 等。 ② 【高考典句】 (2019 浙江 ) Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups,they make very different music. 尽管所有的乐队都有一种共同的精神 , 但他们创作的音乐却大不相同。 剖析 2 主句中 led to 的宾语 conclusion 之后的内容是一个同位语从句 , 用来说明其内容。在 hope,wish,information,news,suggestion,advice,thought,evidence,possibility 等名词后 , 常跟同位语从句说明其内容。 ③ The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. 宇宙中其他行星上存在生命的可能性一直激励着科学家们去探索外部太空。 ④ He expressed his hope that he could visit China again one day. 他表达了他的愿望 , 他希望有一天能再次参观中国。 4.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. ( P7 ) 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上 , 天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。 剖析 if 在句中引导状语从句 ;only 放在句首用来加强语气。本句是一个倒装句。为了加强语气 ,only 修饰状语或 状语从句 并置于 句首 时 , 句子或主句需要用部分倒装语序。 ① Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms.Garza finally say yes. 只有在经历了一年的友好讨论之后 , 加尔扎女士才最终同意。 ② Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home. 只有当莉莉走进办公室时 , 她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。 考点延伸 only 虽然位于句首 , 但如果后面接的不是状语而是句子的主语 , 句子就不用倒装。 ③ Only she can do it well. 只有她能够把这件事情做好。 阅读下列句子 , 指出 only if 和 if only 的含义和用法 ④ Use a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so. 含义 只有 / 只要 , 该词组通常引导 陈述 语气的真实条件句。 ⑤ If only I hadn ’ t driven so fast! 含义 但愿 / 要是 …… 就好了 , 该词组通常引导 虚拟 语气的条件句或感叹句。 only if “ 只有 , 只要 ”, 通常引导陈述语气的真实条件句 if only“ 但愿 / 要是 …… 就好了 ”, 通常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句 ★ 考点 　 make sense 讲得通 ; 有意义 ⑥ His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he ’ s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter. 当你考虑到他是一个研究如何减少垃圾的环境科学家时 , 他奇怪的习惯就讲得通了。 ⑦ His argument does not make sense . 他的争论没有意义。 考点延伸 阅读下列句子 , 指出黑体词组的含义 ⑧ Can you make sense of what the teacher is saying? 含义 理解 / 明白 ⑨ The boy has a good sense of smell/touch/hearing/taste/sight . 含义 嗅觉 / 触觉 / 听觉 / 味觉 / 视觉 ⑩ You have done a good deed in a sense . 含义 在某种意义上 This might sound like common sense . 这可能听起来像是常识。 含义 常识 make sense 讲得通 ; 有意义 make sense of 理解 , 明白 a sense of smell/touch/hearing/taste/sight 嗅觉 / 触觉 / 听觉 / 味觉 / 视觉 in a sense 在某种意义上 common sense 常识 5.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. ( P7 ) 他把一个固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心 , 所有的行星围绕它转动 , 同时也只有月球绕着地球转动。 剖析 with the planets going round it 是 with 复合结构 , 在句子中做 状语 。 注意 :with 复合结构由 “with+ 复合宾语 ” 组成 , 常在句中做状语 , 表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等 , 也可做定语。 考点延伸 阅读下列句子 , 指出 with 复合结构的构成形式。 ① With prices going up so fast,we can ’ t afford a car. 由于物价上涨很快 , 我们买不起汽车。 构成形式 with+ 名词或代词 + 动词 - ing 形式 ② I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling . 我在房间里坐了一会儿 , 眼睛盯着天花板。 构成形式 with+ 名词或代词 + 过去分词 ③ I like to sleep with the windows open . 我喜欢开着窗户睡觉。 构成形式 with+ 名词或代词 + 形容词 ④ Suddenly,he saw a car with its bright lights on . 突然 , 他看到一辆亮着灯的汽车。 构成形式 with+ 名词或代词 + 副词 ⑤ With a lot of work to do ,he wasn ’ t allowed to go out. 因为有很多工作要做 , 所以他不能外出。 构成形式 with+ 名词或代词 + 动词不定式 ⑥ An hour later,I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind . 一小时后 , 我突然醒来 , 那个解决办法清晰地出现在脑海中。 构成形式 with+ 名词或代词 + 介词短语 with 复合结构的构成形式 : 1.with+ 名词或代词 + 动词 - ing 形式 2.with+ 名词或代词 + 过去分词 3.with+ 名词或代词 + 形容词 4.with+ 名词或代词 + 介词短语 5.with+ 名词或代词 + 副词 6.with+ 名词 ( 或代词 )+ 动词不定式 6.The Christian Church rejected his theory , saying it was against God’s idea and people who supported it would be attacked. ( P7 ) 基督教教会拒绝接受他的理论 , 说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意 , 而支持这种理论的人会受到打击。 剖析 1 动词 - ing 短语 saying it was against... 在句中做伴随状语。 ① Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. 大家都安静下来 , 等待着看看谁会被叫到大声朗读他 / 她的段落。 剖析 2 who 引导的定语从句 who supported it 修饰名词 people 。 ② A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days . 一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了被困山中两天的两名游客。 ★ 考点 　 reject vt. 拒绝 ; 不接受 ; 抛弃 ③ I don ’ t want to reject any help. 我不想拒绝任何帮助。 ④ We rejected his idea. 我们没有接受他的想法。 ⑤ Choose the good apples and reject the bad ones. 挑好的苹果 , 把坏的扔掉。 考点延伸 辨析 reject 与 refuse 的区别 reject 表示 “ 拒不接受 , 不采纳 ”, 后直接跟名词或代词做宾语 , 不能跟不定式 , 其语气较强。因为某物不令人满意、有缺陷或无用而被拒绝 , 暗示无条件地拒绝 , 一般是直截了当地表达。 refuse 表示 “ 拒绝 ”, 后接动词不定式 , 可用人或物做主语 , 通常暗示决心且常带有粗鲁之意。 ⑥ Our plan has been rejected . 我们的计划遭到拒绝。 ⑦ He refused to answer any question. 他拒绝回答任何问题。 一 二 三 一、写作词汇检测 用所学的单词或短语完成或翻译下列句子 1 .contribute (1)The great scientists have 　　　　　　　　　　 to our country.   (2) 他经常给一家著名的杂志投稿。 　　　　　　　　　 2 .strict (1)The man teacher is much 　　　　　　　 with us than the woman teacher.   (2) 你的哥哥对他的工作要求严格吗 ? contributed 　 He often contributes to a famous magazine. stricter Is your brother strict in his job/work? 一 二 三 3 .reject (1)—Has the young man 　　　　　　　 his manager ’ s help?   —Yes.He wants to depend on himself. (2) 他们拒绝接受那位科学家的理论 。   4 .make sense of 你能理解这篇文章吗 ?   5 .apart from 除 你之外 , 我几乎不认识村里的任何人 。    rejected They rejected that scientist’s theory. Can you make any sense of this article? I hardly know anyone in the village apart from you. 一 二 三 二、阅读词汇检测 阅读下列句子 , 说出黑体词或词组的含义 1 .Tom was very enthusiastic about learning about his country ’ s history. 含义 　　　　　　　　　　　   2 .A cautious driver never drives his car too fast. 含义 　　　　　　　　　   3 .The middle-aged woman looked backward over her shoulder. 含义 　　　　　　　　　   4 .The new railway station is under construction . 含义 　　　　　   5 .You will want to continue to focus on positive choices. 含义 　　　　　　　　　   对 …… 热情 / 狂热 谨慎的 向后地 建设 积极的 一 二 三 三、单句填空 1 .Many other children are interested in science apart 　　　　　 Jack and Tom.   2 .Will you help me prepare 　　　　　　 the get-together of the old classmates?   3 .Big houses can in 　　　　　 sense bring richness of life.   4 .He was punished 　　　　　　 refusing to answer their questions.   5 .It was the language that helped shape the way I made sense 　　　　　 the world.   from for a for of 一 二 三 6 .The two families linked 　　　　　 through the marriage of their daughter and son.   7 .We ’ re going to be meeting there 　　　　　　 a regular basis.   8 .Small towns in South India serve 　　　　　　 economic and cultural centres for the surrounding villages.   9 . 　　　　　　 times I make mistakes when I speak English.   10 .His actions could lead 　　　　　　 him losing his job.   up on as At to