【英语】2019届一轮复习人教版必修二Unit3Computers学案 9页

必修2　Unit 3　Computers 重点单词 ‎1．calculate v．计算　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎2．universal adj.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的 ‎3．reality n．真实；事实；现实 ‎ ‎4．mobile adj.可移动的；机动的 ‎5．anyhow adv.无论如何；即使如此 ‎ ‎6．goal n．目标；目的；球门；(进球)得分 ‎7．signal vi.& vt.发信号　n．信号 ‎ ‎8．type n．类型　v．打字 ‎9．arise vi.出现；发生 ‎ ‎10．electronic adj.电子的 ‎11．character n．性格；特点 ‎ ‎12．simplify vt.简化→simple adj.简单的 ‎13．logical adj.合逻辑的；合情理的→logically adv.逻辑上；合逻辑地；有条理地 ‎14．technology n．工艺；科技；技术→technological adj.科技的 ‎15．operator n．(电脑)操作员；接线员→operate v．操作；经营→operation n．操作；经营 ‎16．intelligence n．智力；聪明；智能→intelligent adj.智能的；聪明的 ‎17．solve vt.解决；解答→solution n．解决；解决方法 重点单词 ‎18.personal adj.私人的；个人的；亲自的→personally adv.就个人而言；亲自 ‎→personality n．个性；人格；风云人物；名人 ‎19．total adj.总的；整个的　n．总数；合计　v．共计；总计；把……加起来→totally adv.完全地；整个地 ‎20．application n．应用；用途；申请→apply v．应用；申请→applicant n．申请人；求职人 ‎21．finance n．金融；财经→financial adj.财政的；金融的；资金的 ‎22．explore v．探索；探测；探究→exploration n．探索→explorer n．探险家；勘探者 ‎23．appearance n．外观；外貌；出现→appear vi.出现 重点短语 ‎1．put…in order 整理；使条理清楚、有序　　　　　　‎ ‎2．from…on 从……时起 ‎3．as_a_result 结果 ‎ ‎4．go_by 时光流逝；顺便拜访 ‎5．so…that… 如此……以至于…… ‎ ‎6．in_a_way 在某种程度上 ‎7．make_up 弥补；打扮；编造；构成 ‎ ‎8．with_the_help_of 在……的帮助下 ‎9．deal_with 处理；安排；对付 ‎ ‎10．watch_over 看守；监视 重点句型 ‎1．“It＋be/动词＋时间段＋before”结构，意为“在……之后……才……”‎ I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. (教材P18)‎ ‎2．as 引导的时间状语从句 As time went by, I was made smaller.(教材P18)‎ ‎3．so…that…如此……以至于……‎ Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told.(教材P18)‎ 语法要点 现在完成时被动语态的结构和用法 First as a PC and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.(教材P18)‎ ‎1calculate　v．计算；核算；推测；估计 ‎(1) ‎(2)calculating adj.精于算计的；精明的 ‎(3) ‎①We are calculating on/upon having fine weather for the sports meeting. ‎ 我们指望着运动会那天会有好天气。‎ ‎②The advertisement for a new chocolate bar is_calculated (calculate) to attract children.‎ 这条新品种巧克力棒的广告是为了吸引孩子。‎ ‎③She is wellknown as being very selfish and calculating (calculate)．‎ 她因十分自私和精于算计而出名。‎ ‎2anyhow　adv.无论如何；即使如此 Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.(教材P18)‎ 不管怎样，我的目标是给人类提供高质量的生活。‎ anyhow和anyway常可互换，但有区别。‎ ‎(1)anyhow 意为“无论如何，不管怎样，即使如此”(相当于in spite of this)时，可放在句首、句中或句末，其前常有but，可与anyway互换，常用于让步状语从句。‎ ‎(2)表示“况且，更何况，再说，至少”(相当于what's more)时，anyhow与anyway都用作状语，意思的实质是：对于前面的话作补充，给出一个更充分的、令人信服的理由。‎ ‎(3)意为“随意地；杂乱地；无辜地”时，不能用anyway而只能用anyhow。‎ ‎①I'm afraid we can't come, but thanks for the invitation anyhow (＝anyway).‎ 恐怕我们来不了，不过还是感谢邀请。‎ ‎②It's too expensive and anyhow(＝anyway) the color doesn't suit you.‎ 这个太贵，而且颜色也不适合你。‎ ‎③The children seem to have been dragged up anyhow instead of being educated properly.‎ 这些孩子好像是随便拉扯大的，而不是好好教养大的。‎ ‎3signal　vi.& vt.发信号 n．信号 For example, I have learned to signal to my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.(教材P23)‎ 例如，我已经学会了当我前面没人防守有机会射一个好球的时候，用计算机语言向队友示意把球传给我。‎ signal ‎①The police signalled the taxi driver to_pull (pull) over by raising his hand. ‎ 警察举手示意出租车司机把车开过来。‎ ‎②He signalled that it was time to leave.‎ 他示意该走了。‎ ‎③Drivers who give signals (signal) before turning or stopping help prevent accidents.‎ 为了避免事故，司机在转弯或停车前会发出信号。‎ ‎【比较网站】‎ signal 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。‎ sign 表示“告示；标记”时，侧重指用图形、文字等所表达的内容，另外还可指“征兆；迹象”。表示“标号，符号”时，同symbol。‎ symbol 指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。‎ mark 普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征。还可以指污点、污渍、分数、成绩等。‎ ‎4arise　vi.出现；发生；起身；起床 Then she prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises.(教材P23)‎ 接着她准备好可行的步骤来应对新情况的出现。‎ ‎【一词多义】 写出下列句中arise的含义。‎ ‎①When I arose from the chair, my father and John's father were in deep conversation. 起身 ‎②A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. 出现 ‎③It can't be too careful while driving.Accidents often arise from carelessness. 发生 ‎④They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park. 起床 ‎(1)arise作“呈现；出现；发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词，如：situation, argument, problem, movement等。‎ ‎(2)arise from从……站起(＝rise from)；由……而产生；从……中产生，意同result from。‎ ‎⑤The present difficulties in our country arise from the increased value of its money.‎ 我国目前的困难是货币升值引起的。‎ ‎【比较网站】‎ 原形及含义 过去式 过去分词 v.ing arise(vi.)出现；发生；起因于；起身 arose arisen arising arouse(vt.)唤醒；激起 aroused aroused arousing rise(vi.)升起；起身；增长；上升 rose risen rising raise(vt.)举起；唤起；提高；饲养；抚养 raised raised raising ‎1as a result　结果 As a result I totally changed my shape.(教材P18)‎ 因此，我完全改变了形状。‎ as a result of 因为，由于 result in 结果为……；导致 result from 由……引起 ‎①As a result of the car accident, Jackson couldn't work any longer.‎ 由于车祸，杰克逊不能再工作了。‎ ‎②You might learn that haste makes waste if you do something so fast, resulting in mistakes.‎ 如果你做事只求速度而导致错误，你或许会明白“欲速则不达”。‎ ‎③It's generally believed that his cancer resulted from the overfull tiredness.‎ 普遍认为他是因为过度劳累而得了癌症。‎ ‎2in‎ a way(＝in some/one way)　在某种程度上；从某一角度看 In a way our programmer is like our coach.(教材P23)‎ 在某种程度上，我们的程序员就像是我们的教练。‎ all the way 一路上；自始至终；完全 by the way 顺便提一下 by way of 路经；经过；经由 give way to sth/sb 屈服/退让/让步于某物/人 in no way 一点也不；决不(位于句首，句子应使用倒装)‎ in the/one's way 妨碍；挡着……的路 in this way 用这种方法 lose one's way 迷路；迷失方向 make one's way (to/towards) 动身；前往；获得成功 make way for 给……让路；让……通过 on the way 即将来临；在途中 on one's way to sp在去某地的路上 ‎①They are travelling to France by way of London. ‎ 他们正经伦敦去法国旅行。‎ ‎②In no way should you lose heart.‎ 你决不应该失去信心。‎ ‎③Don't stand in the way. Move aside and let me pass.‎ 不要挡着路，靠边点让我过去。‎ ‎④Only in this way can you get rid of your bad habits.‎ 只有用这种方法你才能戒掉你的坏习惯。‎ ‎⑤Remember to buy some bread on your way home.‎ 记住在你回家的路上买些面包。‎ ‎3deal with　处理；对付；论及；涉及；与……打交道；做买卖 ‎ This means that it should clean the house, mop the floors, cook the dinner and deal with the ‎ telephone calls.(教材P24)‎ 这就意味着它应该打扫房子、拖地、做饭以及接电话。‎ ‎【一词多义】 写出下列句中deal with的含义。‎ ‎①As a child, he never left his parents, so he didn't get used to dealing with everything in school independently. 处理；应付 ‎②It's a book dealing with life in the United States. 论及；涉及 ‎③His work experience equipped him to deal with all kinds of people. 与……打交道 ‎④I've dealt with that company for ten years. 与……做生意 ‎【提示】 deal with表示“处理”时，常与连接副词how连用。do with表示“处理”时，常与连接代词what连用。‎ ‎⑤I don't know how they will deal with the problem.‎ ‎＝I don't know what they will do with the problem.‎ 我不知道他们将如何处理这个问题。‎ ‎1“It＋be/动词＋时间段＋before”结构，意为“在……之后……才……”‎ I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.(教材P18)‎ 我发展很慢，差不多到了两百年之后，查尔斯·巴比奇才将我制成了一台分析机。‎ ‎【句式点拨】‎ before引导的时间状语从句，意为“过一段时间后才/就……”；若主句为将来时，从句则用一般现在时；若主句是一般过去时或过去完成时，则从句用一般过去时。‎ ‎(1)before 引导时间状语从句时，除了译成“在……之前”之外，还可表示“还没来得及……就……”，目的在于强调从句动作发生之前，主句动作已发生。‎ ‎(2)“It＋be＋时间段＋since”引导的时间状语从句，表示“自从……已经有多长时间了”。主句用一般现在时或现在完成时。‎ ‎①It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. ‎ 再过半年你才能毕业。‎ ‎②It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.‎ 不久他就意识到他处境的危险。‎ ‎③It is three years since she came to our class.‎ 她来我们班已经有三年了。‎ ‎2as 引导的时间状语从句 As time went by, I was made smaller.(教材P18)‎ 随着时间的推移，我被做得更小了。‎ ‎【句式点拨】‎ 本句中as 是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……”。‎ ‎【拓展延伸】 ‎ with(随着)是介词，后接名词或代词等构成with短语或with复合结构。‎ With time going (go) by, they became close friends.‎ 随着时间的流逝，他们变成了好朋友。‎ ‎3so/such…that…如此……以至于……‎ And my memory became so large that even I couldn't believe it！(教材P18)‎ 我的存储量变得如此之大，甚至连我自己都不能相信！‎ ‎【句式点拨】‎ 此句中so…that…引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”，so是副词，后面要跟形容词或副词，其用法如下：‎ so＋ that…‎ ‎【拓展延伸】 ‎ ‎(1)such＋ ‎(2)当so…/such…放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。‎ ‎①It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.‎ ‎＝It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.‎ 天气如此热，谁也不想干活。‎ ‎②There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to the building. ‎ 街上有那么多人观看大火，以至于消防队员无法接近大楼。‎ ‎③It is such lovely weather that we all want to go out for a walk.‎ 天气那么好，我们都想出去散步。‎ ‎④So fast did the teacher speak that I couldn't follow him.‎ ‎＝The teacher spoke so fast that I couldn't follow him.‎ 那个老师说得太快，我听不懂。‎ Ⅰ.品句填词(用所给词的适当形式或根据语境写一个合适的词)‎ ‎1．This job position has attracted many applicants (apply), so you need to figure out what is unique about yourself.‎ ‎2．There is another kind of beauty that has nothing to do withappearance (appear), but comes from the heart.‎ ‎3．I cannot totally (total) agree with you, but I think what you said just now is partly reasonable.‎ ‎4．If computers had not been invented, many problems on space flight could not have_been_solved (solve). ‎ ‎5．At present, the artificial brain research is still at its initial period, and the methods to construct artificial brain are_being_explored (explore). ‎ ‎6．Simplifying (simplify) your life means being able to say NO to filling up every moment of every day! ‎ ‎7．She and Sue remained awake most of the night, watching over the children, and only slept for a couple of hours. ‎ ‎8．The use of the tree logo is a universally (universal) recognizable symbol which represents many things, some of which are life, wisdom, strength, protection and abundance. ‎ ‎9．With the help of the telephone, people can keep in touch with anyone at any time and in any place for urgent help. ‎ ‎10．Personally (person), I think the best present is not necessarily the most expensive one.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错(含本单元的词汇和语法)‎ ‎1．Having calculated with the budget, we decided to give up the plan to go abroad for a holiday. ‎ ‎2．Can you give me some advice on to / with this difficulty?‎ ‎3．The young man sent me such beautiful flowers I found it difficult to refuse his invitation. ‎ ‎4．There is little chance that we will manage to change the law, but we've decided to have a try . ‎ ‎5．Other political incidents of this kind were to be dealt as soon as possible, according to the government official.‎ ‎6. the wealth of the country ， more waste will be produced.‎ ‎7．The rainy weather helped me in way, which gave me a good excuse not to go to the party. ‎ ‎8．With many problems ， I felt at a loss where to start, so I had to turn to Mr Wang ‎ for help. ‎ ‎9．It won't be long before we will know the result of the experiment.‎ ‎10．The fact that many species are dying out results more and more pollution. ‎ Ⅲ.课文语法填空 I began as a 1．calculating (calculate) machine in France in 1642. It took nearly 200 years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. After I 2．was_programmed (program) by an operator who used cards with holes, I could “think” 3．logically (logical) and produce an answer quicker than any person. ‎ In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” 4．to_solve (solve) any difficult 5．mathematical (mathematics) problem. From then on, I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower. As time went by, I was made smaller, first as a PC and then as a laptop. I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.‎ Then my memory 6．improved (improve), and I totally changed my shape. In the early 1960s, they gave me a family 7．connected (connect) by a network. I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.‎ Since the 1970s many new 8．applications (apply) have been found for me. I have become very important in communication, finance, trade, robots and mobile phone and even 9．medical (medicine) operations and space rockets. Anyhow my goal is to become a devoted friend and helper of the human race and to provide them with a life 10．of high quality.‎