2020届外研版高考英语新一轮复习选修6学案：Module5Cloning 20页

Module 5 Cloning 一、课前基础自查 ‎(一)分类记单词——省时高效 Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)‎ ‎1．clone v．　　　克隆 ‎2．wing n. 翅膀 ‎3．emotion n. 感情；情绪 ‎4．nightmare n. 噩梦 ‎5．incredible adj. 难以置信的 ‎ ‎6．nonsense n. 胡说八道，胡扯 ‎7．tissue n. (生理)组织 ‎8．transparent adj. 透明的 ‎9．twisting adj. 扭曲的，弯曲的 ‎10．fundamental adj. 基本的，不可或缺的，重要的 ‎11．component n. 成分 ‎12．procedure n. 程序 ‎13．insert v. 植入，插入 ‎14．controversial adj. 有争议的 ‎15．valid adj. 有确实根据的，有效的 ‎16．optional adj. 可选择的 ‎ ‎17.reproduce v．复制，使再现 ‎18．exceptional adj. 特别的，非凡的，卓越的 ‎19．contradictory adj. 互相矛盾的，相反的，对立的 ‎20．vice n. 缺点，弱点 ‎21．flexible adj. 易适应的 ‎22．compulsory adj. 强制的，强迫的 Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)‎ ‎1．chase v. 追逐，追赶，追踪 ‎2．refuse v. 拒绝 ‎3．contrast v. 对照 ‎4．rush v. 冲，猛冲 ‎5．cure v. 治愈 ‎6．virtue n. 道德上的优点，善行 ‎7．regulation n. 法规，条例 ‎8．suspect n. 嫌疑人 ‎9．spit v. 吐出(唾液)‎ ‎10．arise v. (问题、困难等)发生，出现 Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)‎ ‎1．terrify v．使惊恐，使受惊吓→terrified adj.感到恐惧的→terrifying adj.令人恐惧的 ‎2．wrinkled adj.(皮肤等)布满皱纹的，具有皱褶的→wrinkle v．& n．(使脸上)起皱纹；皱纹 ‎3．disgust v．使觉得恶心；使厌烦→disgusted adj.厌恶的；反感的→disgusting adj.令人反感的 ‎4．murder v．谋杀→murderer n．凶手 ‎5．breathe v．呼吸→breath n．呼吸→breathless adj ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1．Violence solves nothing, so we should object to violent activities.(violence)‎ ‎2．The disgusting food in the restaurant made me disgusted.(disgust)‎ ‎3．He took a deep breath to breathe the fresh air.(breathe)‎ ‎4．Analyse the maths problem carefully ‎ ‎.呼吸困难的 ‎6．fear v．& n．害怕，恐惧→fearful adj.担心的，害怕的→fearless adj.无畏的 ‎7．gene n．基因→genetic adj.基因的；遗传学的→genetics n．遗传学 ‎8．beneficial adj.有益的，有用的→benefit n．& v．利益；有益于；受益 ‎9．imaginary adj.假想的，虚构的→imagine v．想象，设想→imagination n．想象力 ‎10．resist v．抗拒，抵抗；忍住→resistant adj.有抵抗力的，抵制的→resistance n．抵抗，抗拒 ‎11．analyse v．分析→analysis n．分析 ‎12．accompany v．陪同，陪伴→company n．陪同，陪伴→companion n．伙伴，同伴 ‎13．absorb v．吸收→absorbing adj.吸引人的；引人入胜的 ‎14．violence n．暴力→violent adj.粗暴的；猛烈的 and your careful analysis will help you find the solution to it.(analyse)‎ ‎5．The dog is a good companion and it keeps the little girl company all the time, and even accompanies her to school.(accompany) ‎ ‎6．This new railway benefits this area in many ways.It is beneficial to the people living in this area.For the benefit of more people, we should build more railways.(benefit)‎ ‎7．The traffic accident that happened yesterday terrified Mary.It was really a terrifying experience to her, and now she is still terrified at the thought of getting on a bus.(terrify)‎ ‎(二)练中记短语——记牢用活 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)‎ ‎1.burn_out 　　 (火)燃尽，烧完自灭 ‎2．contrast_with 与……形成对照 ‎3．throw_oneself_on_... 扑倒在……上 ‎4．by_mistake 错误地 ‎5．treat_...as 把……当成……对待 ‎6．(be)_identical_to 和……一样，与……一致 ‎7．rely_on 依靠，依赖 ‎8．get_out_of_control 摆脱控制；失去控制 ‎9．break_down 分解 ‎10．bring_...back_to_life 使……复活 ‎1.Teachers, like candles, burn_out themselves to give light to others.‎ ‎2．A truck got_out_of_control and crashed into the back of a car.‎ ‎3．The pills which contain this kind of chemical can break_down the fat in the body.‎ ‎4．She was so nervous that she put some salt in my cup of coffee by_mistake.‎ ‎5．The speech you gave this year was_identical_to the one you gave at the conference last year.‎ ‎6．After a day's tiring teaching, I like to throw_myself_on the couch with a good book.‎ ‎(三)仿写明句式——以用为本 教材原句 句式解读 句式仿写 ‎1.While studying at university, he discovers the secret of how to create life.‎ 还在上大学时，他就发现了怎样创造生命的秘密。‎ while时间状语从句的省略。‎ 参观艺术展的时候，我们讨论了这位伟大艺术家的作品。‎ While_visiting_the_art_exhibition,_we discussed the great artists' works.‎ ‎2.It was on a cold November night that I saw my creation for the first time.‎ 我是在11月一个寒冷的晚上首次看到我的作品的。‎ 强调句型。‎ 重要的是工作能力，而不是你来自哪里或你是谁。‎ It's_the_ability_to_do_the_job that matters, not where you come from or who you are.‎ ‎3.I wish I had not created this creature, I wish I was on the other side of the world, I wish I could disappear!‎ 但愿我没有制造出那个家伙，但愿我身处世界的另一边，但愿我可以消失无踪！‎ wish后接宾语从句，常用虚拟语气。‎ 埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一样好那该有多好啊！‎ Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I danced_as_well_as her！‎ 二、课堂重点深化 ‎1．beneficial adj.有益的，有用的 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①You can also revise the knowledge at the same time and you are sure to benefit from it.‎ ‎②China has been pushing the reform of public hospitals for the benefit of all its citizens.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)be beneficial to　　　 对……有益 ‎(2)benefit v．& n. 有益于，受益；利益，好处 benefit from 从……中受益 be of benefit to 对……有益 for the benefit of 为了……的利益 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎③Sunshine and fresh air are benefit to your recovery from illness.benefit前加of或benefit→beneficial 佳句时时写 ‎④为了学好英语，除了英语课之外，我积极参加英语角以及其他英语课外活动，这使我受益匪浅。‎ In order to learn English well, apart from English classes, I take an active part in English corner and other afterclass English activities, which_benefit_me_a_lot.‎ ‎2．cure v．治愈；治疗；改正；解决 n．治愈；治疗；疗法；措施 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①She tried every means to cure her child of the bad habit.‎ ‎②Friendship is a cure for any injury in life.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ cure sb.of 　治好某人的病；改掉某人的坏习惯 a cure for ... ……(疾病)的治疗方法；……(问题)的解决办法 ‎[名师指津]　cure强调结果，表示“治愈”；而treat强调过程，表示“治疗”，但不一定治愈。‎ ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错对对碰(cure/treat)‎ ‎③The doctor treated his headache with a new drug but didn't cure him.‎ 佳句时时写 ‎④他也指出近视的原因如此复杂，以至于没有药物能治愈近视。‎ He also pointed out that the causes for shortsightedness are so_complicated_that_no medicine_can_cure shortsightedness.‎ ‎3．resist v．抵抗，抗拒；忍住 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①We think that we will meet a certain amount of resistance (resist) to our plan.‎ ‎②It's believed that elderly people are always resistant to change.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)resist doing sth.　　　　 反对做某事 can't resist doing sth. 禁不住做某事 ‎(2)resistant adj. 有抵抗力的，抵制的 be resistant to 对……有抵抗力 ‎(3)resistance n. 抗拒，抵抗，抵抗力 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎③She was on a diet, so she resisted eat sweet food.‎ eat→eating 佳句时时写(一句多译)‎ 购物时，人们常常忍不住买一些根本不需要的东西。‎ ‎④When shopping, people often can't_resist_buying something they don't really need.(resist)‎ ‎⑤When shopping, people often can't_help_buying/can't_help_but_buy something they don't really need.(help)‎ ‎4．suspect n．嫌疑人v.怀疑；猜想 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I suspected that there was something wrong with the engine.‎ ‎②Judging from his expression, I suspected him to_be (be) a thief.‎ ‎③Some of his colleagues at work became suspicious (suspect) of his behaviour.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)suspect that ...　　　　　　 怀疑……‎ suspect sb.of doing sth. 怀疑某人做过某事 suspect sb.to be 怀疑某人是……‎ ‎(2)suspicious adj. 怀疑的；猜疑的 suspicious of 怀疑……‎ ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎④We all suspected him stealing the money, but he insisted that he was innocent.him后加of 佳句时时写(一句多译)‎ 没有人想与被怀疑偷钱的那个男孩交朋友。‎ ‎⑤Nobody wants to make friends with the boy suspected_of_having_stolen_money.(分词短语作定语)‎ ‎⑥Nobody wants to make friends with the boy who_is_suspected_of_having stolen_money.(定语从句)‎ ‎5．absorb v．吸收；吸引(某人)注意力；使专心；理解，掌握 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The report meeting was absorbing (absorb) right from the beginning.‎ 补全句子 ‎②A good book could absorb_our_attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings.‎ 一本好书能如此完全吸引我们的注意力，以至于我们暂时忘掉了周围的环境。‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)absorb one's attention　　　 吸引某人的注意力 ‎(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的，专心致志的 ‎(be) absorbed in 全神贯注于，专注于 ‎(3)absorbing adj. 吸引人的，引人入胜的 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎③I found my father sitting in his chair, completely absorbing in a magazine.‎ absorbing→absorbed 佳句时时写 ‎④这位作家全神贯注地进行写作，以至于忘了外面的一切。‎ The writer was so_absorbed_in_his_writing_that he forgot everything outside.‎ ‎1．get/run out of control摆脱控制，失去控制 ‎　[系统归纳]‎ get/take control of　　　　　　　 控制 out of control 失去控制(状态)‎ lose control of 失去对……的控制 in control of 控制着 in/under the control of 受……的管理/控制 bring/get/keep ...under control 控制住 beyond control 无法控制 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Every boy dreams of being in control of a robot, and AmToy can make your dream come true!‎ ‎②Too high house prices can be brought under control, provided that the government adopts a series of regulatory policies.‎ 易错处处防 ‎③Once we lose the control of ourselves, it will result in trouble.去掉the 佳句时时写 ‎④重要的是学会控制你的脾气，以便不做后悔的事或不说后悔的话。‎ The important thing is to learn to control/take_control_of_your_temper so that you may not do or say anything you'll regret.‎ ‎2．break down分解；(机器等)出故障；(身体等)垮掉；(精神等)崩溃；消除；失败 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 写出下列句中break down的含义 ‎①He broke down as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.崩溃 ‎②For example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to have your car examined more regularly.出故障 ‎③Talks with business leaders broke down last night.失败 ‎④Carbon dioxide forms as a waste product when food is broken down.分解 ‎⑤The two countries are going to meet to break down some barriers to trade between them.消除 ‎　[系统归纳]‎ break in　　　　　　　 强行进入；打断(谈话)，插嘴 break into 强行闯入 break out (战争、火灾等)突然爆发，发生 break up 分手；解散；拆开 break through 突破；克服，战胜 break away from 脱离；挣脱 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎⑥(2017·6月浙江高考)Her friends came to help her when the war broke out.‎ ‎⑦Scientists say they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer.‎ ‎⑧I'm surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have broken up.They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑨如果你继续像那样工作的话，迟早会累垮的。‎ You will break_down_sooner_or_later if you go on working like that.‎ ‎3．wish宾语从句的虚拟语气 ‎　[教材原句]　I_wish_I_had_not_created this creature, I_wish_I_was on the other side of the world, I_wish_I_could_disappear!‎ ‎　[自主体验]‎ ‎①I wish I_had_a_second_chance to go back to happy childhood.‎ 要是我能再有一次机会回到我快乐的童年那该多好啊。‎ ‎②(2015·天津高考)I wish I_had_been at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.‎ 要是我上周二参加了我姐姐的婚礼那该有多好啊，但是当时我在纽约出差。‎ ‎③I wish that I would_have_a_better_chance to learn in the future.‎ 我真希望在将来我能有更好的学习机会。‎ ‎　[归纳点拨]‎ 用法规则 wish后跟宾语从句时，从句一般用虚拟语气。‎ ‎(1)表示与现在事实相反的愿望，wish后宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)。‎ ‎(2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望，wish后宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。‎ ‎(3)表示对将来事情的愿望，wish后宾语从句的谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。‎ 注意事项 wish还可用于以下结构：wish to do sth.希望做某事；wish sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事；wish for sth.希望得到某物；wish sb.＋n./adj.祝愿某人……。‎ ‎　[佳句背诵]‎ ‎①(精彩开头句)(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)I wish that you could grasp this opportunity to learn traditional Chinese culture further.‎ ‎②(增分要点句)He failed in the maths exam.How I wish he had followed your advice!‎ ‎③(增分要点句)We wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year!‎ 本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“克隆技术”子话题相对应 一、话题语素积累多一点 子话题——克隆技术 ‎(一)浅易词汇温一温 ‎①clone　②cloning　③cure　　　④produce ‎⑤arise ⑥benefit ⑦beneficial ⑧terrify ‎⑨replace ⑩refuse ⑪research ⑫genetic ‎(二)生疏词汇记一记 ‎①biotechnology n. 生物科技 ②biochemistry n. 生物化学 ‎③transplant n．& vt. 移植 ④explore v. 探索 ‎⑤reveal v. 揭示 ⑥complex adj. 复杂的 ‎⑦unique adj. 独特的 ⑧system n. 系统；体系 ‎⑨database n. 数据库 ⑩tissue n. 组织 ‎⑪endangered adj. 濒危的 ⑫species n. 种类 ‎⑬cell n. 细胞 ⑭implant v. 植入 ‎⑮breakthrough n. 突破 ⑯significance n. 重要；重要性 ‎⑰accessible adj. 可利用的，可获得的 ‎(三)常用词块忆一忆 ‎①heated debate　　　 热议 ‎②serious disease 严重的疾病 ‎③endangered wildlife 濒危动植物 ‎④be against 反对 ‎⑤superhuman race 超人人种 ‎⑥draw upon 利用 ‎⑦become a reality 成为现实 ‎⑧be proud of 为……骄傲 ‎⑨communicate with 与……交流 ‎⑩be beneficial to 对……有益 ‎⑪in many aspects 在诸多方面 ‎⑫bring about 带来 ‎⑬respect life 尊重生命 ‎⑭bring ...back to life 使……复活 ‎⑮testtube baby 试管婴儿 ‎⑯do wonders 创造奇迹 ‎⑰make a breakthrough 取得突破 ‎(四)写作佳句背一背①Recently, our class had a heated discussion about whether cloning is allowed or not.‎ ‎②Clone, to a certain degree, is beneficial to mankind.‎ 二、话题书面表达亮一点 假定你是李华，你班最近就“To clone or not to clone”展开了激烈地辩论。现请你给一家英文报社的编辑写一封信，告诉他你们班同学对克隆的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎　　　‎ ‎[写作4步走]‎ 第一步：句写对——给词写句 cloning, beneficial, cure, arise, replace, heated debate, endangered wildlife, be against, superhuman race, draw upon　　‎ ‎1．我们班进行了一次“是否应该克隆”的激烈辩论。‎ A_heated_debate_about_“To_clone_or_not_to_clone”__was_held_in_our_class.‎ ‎2．一些人相信克隆对人类有益处。‎ Some_people_believe_cloning_is_beneficial_to_human_beings.‎ ‎3．它能够被用于一些严重疾病的治疗。‎ It_can_be_used_for_the_cure_of_some_serious_diseases.‎ ‎4．它也能帮助濒危的野生生物。‎ It__can_also_help_the_endangered_wildlife.‎ ‎5．另外一些人反对克隆。‎ Others_are_against_cloning.‎ ‎6．很多问题会出现。‎ Many_problems_may_arise.‎ ‎7．我们或许会生产出一个超人人种。‎ We_may_produce_a_superhuman_race.‎ ‎8．这个超人人种可能会替代我们。‎ The_superhuman_race_could_replace_us.‎ ‎9．我们应该尽力利用好它为人类造福。‎ We_should_do_our_best_to_draw_upon_it_to_help_human_beings.‎ 第二步：量写够——语句扩充 ‎10．在第4句后加入“以便于我们这个世界有越来越多的野生生物”。‎ It_can_also_help_the_endangered_wildlife_so_that_we_can_have_more_and_more_wildlife_in_the_world.‎ ‎11．在第6句前加入“他们认为”，在6句后加入“如果这种技术的应用失去控制”。‎ They_think_that_many_problems_may_arise_if_the_use_of_this_technology_gets_out_of_control.‎ ‎12．在第7句前加入“他们担心”。‎ They_worry_that_we_may_produce_a_superhuman_race.‎ ‎13．在第9句前加入“既然克隆是一个科学突破”。‎ Since_cloning_is_a_scientific_breakthrough,_we_should_do_our_best_to_draw_upon_it_to_help_human_beings.‎ 第三步：语写美——词句升格 ‎1．用because引导原因状语从句合并第5句和第11句。‎ Others_are_against_cloning_because_they_think_that_many_problems_may_arise_if_the_use_of_this_technology_gets_out_of_control.‎ ‎2．用what引导主语从句改写第12句，并用that引导的定语从句与第8句合并。‎ What_they_worry_is_that_we_may_produce_a_superhuman_race_that_could_replace_us.‎ 第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文 根据语句间的逻辑关系，可添加recently， besides， however， in my opinion做好上下文的衔接过渡。‎ Dear_editor，‎ Recently_a_heated_debate_about_“To_clone_or_not_to_clone”was_held_in_our_class.‎ Some_people_believe_cloning_is_beneficial_to_human_beings._It_can_be_used_for_the_cure_of_some_serious_diseases.Besides,_it_can_also_help_the_endangered_wildlife_so_that_we_can_have_more_and_more_wildlife_in_the_world.However,_others_are_against_cloning_because_they_think_that_many_problems_may_arise_if_the_use_of_this_technology_gets_out_of_control.What_they_worry_is_that_we_may_produce_a_superhuman_race_that_could_replace_us.‎ In_my_opinion,_since_cloning_is_a_scientific_breakthrough,_we_should_do_our_best_to_draw_upon_it_to_help_human_beings.‎ Yours_sincerely，‎ ‎ Li_Hua ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The film is believed to be instructive and full of emotion (感情)．‎ ‎2．I hope we students will benefit (受益) from your presence.‎ ‎3．As long as there is kindness and virtue (善行), the world will become more beautiful.‎ ‎4．Not only will I keep from littering or spitting (吐痰) anywhere, but I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.‎ ‎5．It's incredible (难以置信的) how much Tom has changed since he met Sally.‎ ‎6．To be honest, if you don't stop smoking you cannot be cured (治愈) of the disease.‎ ‎7．We should take exercise to build up resistance (抵抗力) to diseases.　‎ ‎8．Some of the websites are full of violence (暴力), which is not good for young kids.‎ ‎9．Accompanied (陪伴) by their teachers, the school children paid a visit to the Science Museum today.‎ ‎10．In modern society, there are an increasing number of problems arising (出现) from the lack of communication.‎ Ⅱ.语境语法填空 ‎1．❶Absorbed (absorb) in thought, he almost knocked into a tree while ❷walking (walk) to the dormitory.Seeing this, we couldn't resist ❸laughing (laugh)．‎ ‎2．Although knowing angels (天使) are all ❶imaginary (imagine), the little girl still wishes that she ❷had (have) a pair of beautiful ❸wings (wing) like angels and could fly freely in the sky.‎ ‎3．When the ❶murderer (murder) saw his old father with a ❷wrinkled (wrinkle) face, he almost broke ❸down.‎ ‎4．❶Suspected (suspect) of stealing the money, he nearly lost control ❷of his emotion.On arriving home, he threw ❸himself (he) on the bed, bursting into tears.‎ ‎5．When she went back home, the fire had burned ❶out,_leaving nothing but ruins.Seeing the ❷terrible/terrifying (terrify) scene, she stood there, shaking ❸with fear.‎ Ⅲ.语境改错 文中共有8处错误，每句中最多有两处，请找出并改正。‎ As is known to all, cancer is a terrified disease.If a person is suspected having cancer, perhaps he will break down.Is it not until we have cancer that we take our health serious?‎ In order to keep health, we should form a good habit.Each morning we can take a walk in the wood, breathe the fresh air.Having a balanced diet is also benefit to our health, and we should resist to junk food.‎ How I wish everyone can enjoy a healthy habit as well as a healthy body.‎ 答案：第一句：terrified→terrifying/terrible 第二句：suspected后加of 第三句：serious→seriously 第四句：health→healthy 第五句：breathe→breathing或breathe前加and 第六句：benefit→beneficial或benefit前加of; 去掉第二个to 第七句：can→could Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．我希望我是一只鸟，能在天空中自由飞翔。(wish宾语从句)‎ I wish I were_a_bird_and_could_fly freely in the sky.‎ ‎2．众所周知，书是知识的源泉。我从读书中受益良多。(benefit)‎ As we all know, books are the source of knowledge.I benefit_a_great_deal_from_reading.‎ ‎3．一回到家，这个男孩就忍不住炫耀起自己受到了老师的表扬。(resist)‎ The boy couldn't_resist_showing_off his being praised by the teacher on arriving home.‎ ‎4．在父母和老师的帮助下，我改正了一些缺点，在学习上取得了进步。(cure)‎ With the help of my parents and teachers, I was_cured_of/cured_some_shortcomings and made progress in my study.‎ ‎5．我弟弟如此专注于我们的谈话以至于在去机场的路上他转错了弯。(absorb) ‎ So absorbed_was_he_in_our_talk_that my brother took a wrong turn on the way to the airport.‎ Ⅴ.短文填空 ‎(Ⅰ)根据提示填空 Be Careful about Cloning After a series of initial experiments and corrections, the scientist's hard work ❶paid_off (取得成果) when the twin clone turkeys were hatched with normal feather and claws.This breakthrough possibly enabled people ❷to_bring (bring) their adored pets back to life.However, it bothered him from time to time that their health was in poor condition because they were unable to resist illnesses.This drawback cast him down.❸Merely (mere) 2 weeks later, the clones and their carrier died, which struck frustration into his heart.He retired before he attained his ambition and became a member of an opera chorus to relieve his depression.‎ Shortly afterwards, the media published a conservative ❹argument (argue) objecting to cloning owing to moral problems, and suggested the constitution include compulsory regulations to forbid ❺obtaining (obtain) commercial profits from cloning.‎ When interviewed, the scientist stared at the decorations on the ceiling, thinking for a while, and then said, “I'm not in favour of any arbitrary ❻assumption (assume), but undertaking cloning does differ from the straightforward procedure of making loafs out of flour.Until we accumulate enough exact knowledge, any practice is in vain and is bound ❼to_fail (fail). Altogether, being more careful is ❽reasonable (reason) or we may walk into a side road.”‎ ‎(Ⅱ)片段选词填空 cloning， unique， become a reality， as far as I'm concerned， cloned mother， bring about， be proud of， be beneficial to， communicate with， respect life ‎ The following are the opinions of some middle school students about ❶cloning.‎ Li Meng: I hope that scientists can use cloning to produce children as soon as possible.My aunt lost her husband two years ago.She loves him so much that she is determined not to marry again.But she wants to have a child.So all my family hope human cloning will ❷become_a_reality soon, and then I will have a cousin to play with!‎ Zheng Lijun: Why do people want to clone human beings? I won't clone myself, even if it is possible.I am ❸unique in the world and I ❹am_proud_of that.If another Zheng Lijun appeared, there would not be any need for me to exist.‎ Yang Qing: I wish I could have a ❺cloned_mother as soon as possible.Since I am very naughty at school, my mother is often asked to visit the teacher.She never blames me after ❻communicating_with my teacher, but she is sad for a few days.So I want to clone another mother to meet the teacher instead of my current mother!‎ ‎❼As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_while cloning ❽is_beneficial_to the world in many aspects, I don't think that cloning human beings is acceptable.It may ❾bring_about many unexpected problems.We should ❿respect_life and let everything stay as it is.‎ 一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心 Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)We both became absorbed (absorb) in the simplicity of playing together.‎ ‎2．(2017·北京高考)The resistance (resist) to vaccine (疫苗) has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk.‎ ‎3．(2014·湖南高考)Children, when accompanied (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.‎ ‎4．(2014·江苏高考)Top graduates from universities are_chased (chase) by major companies.‎ ‎5．(2013·广东高考)Dr.Epstein explained that it was actually a brilliant way for his young mind to handle the terrifying (terrify) and painful life he led.‎ ‎6．(2013·江西高考)He was so proud of his success that he refused to_listen (listen) to advice.‎ ‎7．(2013·福建高考)It dealt with issues (问题) such as drug abuse, violence (violent) and unemployment.‎ ‎8．(2011·江西高考)What's more, riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial (benefit) to our health.‎ Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空 ‎(选用benefit, control, breath, refuse填空)‎ ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ完形填空)He posted his offer on a social networking website, and received thousands of emails, including thirty from actual Elizabeth Gallaghers with the right passports，“More interesting, there are hundreds of Canadians who are interested in changing their name to Elizabeth Gallagher，” Axani said.“It was absolutely out of __33__， thousands of emails, people around the world sharing their stories of travel.”control ‎2．(2014·山东高考完形填空)But Charlotte had been practising without a licence.She had applied for a doctor's licence in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was __35__.The Manitoba College of Physicians and Surgeons, an allmale board, wanted her to complete her studies at a Canadian medical college! Charlotte refused to leave her patients to spend time studying what she already knew.So in 1887, she appealed to the Manitoba Legislature to issue a licence to her but they, too, refused.refused ‎3．(2012·四川高考完形填空)“Anyone there？” Huggons called out.Then he heard “Help! I'm trapped！” coming from the second floor balcony (阳台)．He entered the house, but ‎ soon had to run back to catch his __34__.breath ‎4．(2009·江苏高考完形填空)Supporters claim that there are many __41__ of service learning.Perhaps most importantly，students are forced to think beyond their own interests and become aware of the needs of others.Students are also able to learn reallife skills that include responsibility，problemsolving, and working as part of a team.benefits 二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度 新高考下的命题新视角：随着科技的飞速发展，“克隆技术”等逐渐成为热议话题，同时也受到高考取材的青睐。由于人们对于克隆褒贬不一，因此对于此热点问题的争论也会越来越多，因此应多关注此类问题的动态，多了解社会热点及科技的发展。‎ ‎[话题感悟]‎ 学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深 ‎( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)‎ ‎[1]China became the first country to clone a monkey using nonreproductive cells, scientists said on Thursday.By December 2017, the Chinese Academy of Sciences had created two clone macaques (猕猴) named “Zhong Zhong” and “Hua Hua” by nuclear transfer (核移植) of body cells — any cell in the organism other than reproductive cells.This was the similar technology used to create the famous clone sheep Dolly in 1996.‎ ‎[2]Tetra, a monkey born in 1999, is the world's first evercloned monkey, but it was done using a simpler method called embryo splitting, and cannot be genetically modified (改造) to suit experimental needs, said Pu Muming, a leading researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Cloning a monkey using body cells has been a worldclass challenge because it is a primate (灵长类) that shares its genetic makeup with humans, he said.‎ ‎[3]For drug and other lab tests, scientists have to purchase monkeys from all over the world, which is costly, bad for the environment and produces inaccurate results because each monkey might have different genes, Pu said.‎ ‎[4]“By cloning monkeys using body cells, we can reproduce a large number of genetically identical monkeys in a short amount of time, and we can even change their genes to suit our needs，” he added.“This can save time, cut down experiment costs, and produce more accurate results, leading to more effective medicine.”‎ ‎[5]Sun Qiang, director of the nonhuman primate research facility at the institute, said most of the drug tests are currently done on lab mice.However, drugs that work on mice might not work or even have severe side effects on humans because the two species are so different.‎ ‎[6]Monkeys and humans are both primates, so they are much closely related and testing on monkeys is supposed to be as effective as testing on humans.This achievement will help China lead the world research in an international science project related to study of primate brains.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，讲述了中国在克隆技术上取得的成就——成功使用非生殖细胞克隆了猕猴。‎ ‎1．Which description of the two clone macaques is TRUE?‎ A．They were the first monkeys evercloned in the world.‎ B．They were created using reproductive cells.‎ C．They would not be fed to suit experimental needs.‎ D．The technology used to create them was similar to that of creating Dolly.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“This was the similar technology used to create the famous clone sheep Dolly in 1996.”可知，克隆猕猴使用的技术与著名的克隆羊Dolly使用的技术是相似的。故选D。‎ ‎2．What's true of cloning monkeys using body cells for drug and other lab tests?‎ A．It's timeconsuming.　　 B．It's very expensive.‎ C．It's more efficient. D．It's inaccurate.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段的内容，特别是“This can save time, cut down experiment costs, and produce more accurate results, leading to more effective medicine.”可知，用非生殖细胞克隆猕猴进行药物(测试)和其他实验室测试更加高效。‎ ‎3．What can be learned from the passage?‎ A．Pu Muming and Sun Qiang were doing most work in cloning the two macaques.‎ B．Genetic research on monkeys can be seen as effective as that on humans.‎ C．Most drug tests have been done on mice because mice share the same genetic makeup with humans.‎ D．Scientists mass reproduce clone monkeys only to cut down experiment costs.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Monkeys and humans are both primates, so they are much closely related and testing on monkeys is supposed to be as effective as testing on humans.”可知，猴子和人都是灵长类，他们关系非常密切，因此对于猴子的基因研究被认为与对人类的基因研究一样有效。故选B。‎ ‎4．This passage above can be most probably read in ________.‎ A．a science magazine B．a travel guidebook C．an imaginary fiction D．a lab brochure 解析：选A　文章出处题。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了中国在克隆技术方面的研究成果——成功用非生殖细胞克隆出猕猴，属于科技方面的文章，因此推断人们很可能在科技杂志上读到该文章。故选A。‎ 学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透 推理判断技法(9)——利用正确选项特征解题 推理判断题中的正确选项是依据文章的事实或证据推断出的符合逻辑的结论或观点，正确选项一般具有以下特征：‎ ‎①“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得；‎ ‎②选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念，如only, never, all, absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般相对模糊，会用一些能够留下些许余地的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等。‎ 以上文第3题为例：‎ ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2019·合肥市第一次教学质检)Do you have a younger brother? Does he always get in trouble? Well, there might be some science behind that.‎ According to a report from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, secondborns are more likely than firstborns to behave badly, which could be why you from time to time consider your younger brothers or sisters sprites.‎ Researchers, who explored data from tens of thousands of sibling (兄弟姐妹) pairs from Denmark and Florida, found secondborns are 20% to 40% more likely to have behavioral problems. If you're the secondborn child you may want to have a little chat with your parents. The reason why secondborn siblings may be worse behaved than firstborns is that parents tend to pay less attention to them.‎ ‎“Secondborn children tend to have less attention from the mother than their older siblings because firstborn children experience their mother's maternity leave (产假). Firstborns enjoy the rewards of not only their own time with Mum following their birth, but the time Mum takes off with younger siblings, too，” the authors explain.‎ It's not just about the parents, however. Speaking to NRP, coauthor Joseph Doyle said, “The firstborn has role models, who are adults. And the second, laterborn children have role models who are slightly unreasonable 2yearolds, you know, their older siblings. The difference of parental investments and the sibling influences probably contribute to these differences we see in the labor market and what we find in behaviors against regulations, even against laws. It's just ‎ very difficult to separate those two things because they happen at the same time.”‎ The results, the authors argue, have an important effect on social policy.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，由于没有得到像父母给予第一个出生的孩子那样的关注，二胎孩子常常表现不好。文章就此现象进行了分析。‎ ‎1．What does the underlined word “sprites” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?‎ A．Losers.　　　　　　　　　 B．Troublemakers.‎ C．Close companions. D．Parents' pets.‎ 解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句中的“secondborns are more likely than firstborns to behave badly”可知，二胎孩子比第一个出生的孩子更有可能表现不佳；结合第一段第二句“Does he always get in trouble？”可知，二胎孩子常常制造麻烦；故可推知，该画线词意为“调皮鬼，小淘气”，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．According to the report, what influences the secondborn children's behavior?‎ A．Challenges of their elder siblings.‎ B．Fewer chances of talking with others.‎ C．More family problems they are faced with.‎ D．The amount of attention they receive from parents.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The reason why secondborn siblings may be worse behaved than firstborns is that parents tend to pay less attention to them.”可知，父母给予二胎孩子较少的关注影响了他们的行为。‎ ‎3．Joseph Doyle holds the opinion that the older siblings ______.‎ A．have the same role models as their younger ones B．are not to blame for their younger siblings' failure C．are partly responsible for their younger siblings' problems D．affect the parental investment and the labor market participation 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第五段Joseph Doyle所说的话可知，不只是父母对二胎孩子的关注度会对他们的行为有一定的影响，家里比他们大的哥哥姐姐也会对他们的行为有一定的影响，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Why the secondborn tend to be misbehaved B．How parents improve family relationships C．Social policy guides family education D．Parents prefer firstborn kids 解析：选A　标题归纳题。根据文章第一段并结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了二胎孩子表现不好的科学解释。故A项最适合作为本文标题。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 How similar are language and music?‎ Language is a part of our daily lives. Similarly, music is a part of many people's lives, either listening to the radio on your drive to work or playing in an orchestra (管弦乐队). Both language and music play a huge role in our culture. __1__‎ In English we record language using a collection of letters. __2__ Just as you are reading this collection of letters and find the meanings in it, musicians read notes and create meanings in the form of music which we can hear. So just as you read English, you can read music. By writing pieces of text or music, we can share experiences through time. It's exciting to be able to read the ideas or hear the composition of someone who lived hundreds of years ago.‎ ‎__3__ In the same way, we know that styles of music are different around the world, giving us the opportunity to explore many different cultures through their music. This also means that there is something for everyone! Even if you don't like Britpop tunes, you may love Latin American music.‎ ‎__4__ Of course you may be able to see it in my face, but you will know for sure through my words. Similarly, music can sound angry, sad or happy. Music can show you exactly how the composer was or is feeling and allow us to share that emotion. When you feel happy, you may want to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate your happy mood. __5__ I think we have all used music to express our emotions, often combining it with language in the form of lyrics (歌词)．‎ A．How do you know that I am angry?‎ B．And here are some of their similarities.‎ C．Similarly, we use notes to keep a record of music.‎ D．Reading music is like learning a whole new language.‎ E．Music, on the contrary, can be interpreted based on personal experience.‎ F．In contrast, you have probably also listened to sad music when you were feeling down.‎ G．You can make a good guess at where someone is from by listening to the language they use.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍语言和音乐的相似之处。‎ ‎1．选B　根据前一句“Both language and music play a huge role in our culture.”以及下文三段可推断出，此处承上启下要引出语言和音乐的一些相似之处。故选B。‎ ‎2．选C　根据前一句“In English we record language using a collection of letters.”和后一句可推断出，空格处是音乐与语言的第一个相似之处。C项“类似地，我们用笔记来记录音乐”承上启下，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎3．选G　根据后一句“In the same way, we know that styles of music are different around the world, giving us the opportunity to explore many different cultures through their music.”‎ 可推断出，空格处是音乐与语言的另一相似之处。G项“通过听人们使用的语言，你可以猜出某人来自哪里”符合语境。故选G。‎ ‎4．选A　根据后一句“Of course you may be able to see it in my face, but you will know for sure through my words.”可知，A项“你怎么知道我生气了”引起下文，符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎5．选F　根据前一句“When you feel happy, you may want to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate your happy mood.”可推断出，空格处是与感到快乐相反的情况。F项“相反，当你情绪低落的时候，你可能也会听悲伤的音乐”符合语境。故选F。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎(2019·山东省高考预测试题)I'm writing to tell you that a great time we had at the Sour Grapes concert last weekend. It's great pity that you didn't come. The concert, which took place in the football stadium for the three time, was so exciting and lasted for two and a half hours. There were about 80,000 peoples there. While we were waiting to get in, and the band arrived by car. Taking a close look for them made us feel so happily. I'll send you some photos taking by my classmate Alex. By the way, the Sour Grapes would give a big concert in the same place next month. Perhaps you can see him then.‎ 答案：第一句：that→what 第二句：great前加a 第三句：three→third 第四句：peoples→people 第五句：去掉and 第六句：for→at; happily→happy 第七句：taking→taken 第八句：would→will 第九句：him→them