2018届北师大版一轮复习选修8Unit22　EnvironmentalProtection学案 14页

Unit 22　Environmental Protection Ⅰ.写作单词——会拼写 ‎1．trap vt. 使困住 ‎2．principle n. 原则，道德准则 ‎3．beyond prep. 超出 ‎4．relevant adj. 有关的 ‎5．coincidence n. 巧合 ‎6．condemn vt. 迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地；宣判 ‎7．advocate vt. 主张，提倡 ‎8．recycle vt. 回收利用 ‎9．substitute n. 代替品，代用品 ‎10．seize vt. 依法没收；(用武力)夺取 ‎11．means n. 方式，方法；手段 ‎12．potential n. 可能性，潜在性 ‎13．adopt vt. 采用 ‎→adoption n. 收养；采用 ‎14．reserve vt. 保留；预约 ‎ n. 保护区 ‎→reserved adj. 预订的；保留的 ‎→reservation n. 保护 ‎15．agriculture n. 农业 ‎→agricultural adj. 农业的 ‎16．threat n. 威胁 ‎→threaten vt. 威胁 ‎17．change v．&n. 变化 ‎→changeable adj. 多变的 ‎18．separate v. 分开 ‎ adj. 分开的 ‎→separation n. 分离，分开 ‎19．construct vt. 建造 ‎→construction n. 建造 ‎20．finance n. 资金 ‎→financial adj. 财政的；金融的 ‎21．allocate vt. 分配，配给 ‎→allocation n. 分配，配给 ‎22．politics n. 政治(活动)‎ ‎→political adj. 政治的 ‎→politician n. 政治家 ‎23．sharp adj. 锋利的 ‎→sharpen vt.& vi. 削尖 ‎→sharpener n. 卷笔刀 ‎24．consider v. 思考；认为 ‎→considerate adj. 想得周到的，体贴的 ‎→consideration n. 考虑；思考 ‎→considering prep. 考虑到；鉴于 ‎25．calculate vt. 计算，算出 ‎→calculation n. 计算 ‎→calculator n. 计算器 Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记 ‎26．botanical adj. 植物(的)‎ ‎27．corrupt adj. 贪污受贿的，腐败的 ‎28．conservation n. 保护 ‎29．consensus n. 一致的意见 ‎30．sacrifice vt.& vi. 牺牲，献出 ‎31．catastrophe n. 巨大的灾难 ‎32．negative adj. 消极的，负面的 ‎33．fragile adj. 脆弱的；易毁的 ‎34．valid adj. 有充分理由的 ‎35．evolution n. (生物)进化 高频短语——会默写 ‎1．a number of 一些 ‎2．beyond one's control 超出……的控制，不受……的控制 ‎3．in turn 依次；反过来 ‎4．lead to 引起，导致 ‎5．ahead of 在……前面 ‎6．apart from 除……以外 ‎7．answer for (对已产生的不良后果)负责任 ‎8．call for an end to sth. 要求结束……‎ ‎9．on one's behalf 代表……‎ ‎10．carry off 掠去，夺走 ‎11．all in all 总的来说 ‎12．earn one's living 谋生 ‎13．as a matter of fact 实际上 ‎14．break away from 摆脱，脱离(某种思想体系、团体、组织)‎ ‎15．look ahead 展望未来，向前看 ‎16．take action 采取行动 教材原句——会背诵 句式仿写——能应用 ‎1.Without these naturally occurring gases，the sun's rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.(含蓄条件句的虚拟。)‎ ‎1.没有你的帮助，我是不可能通过考试的。‎ Without your help，I wouldn't have passed the test. 【导学号：34802163】‎ ‎2.Given this data，it seems that the link between human activities and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.‎ ‎(given用作介词或连词，表示“鉴于；考虑到；倘若”。)‎ ‎2.考虑到目前的条件，我认为叶诗文已做得相当出色。Given the present conditions，I think Ye Shiwen has done rather well.‎ ‎3.The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale，and experts are predicting far worse to come.(拟人修辞手法。)‎ ‎3.过去30年见证了中国的快速发展。‎ The last 30 years have witnessed/seen the rapid development of China.‎ 精讲7个考纲单词 ‎ trap v．使困住；诱捕；诱骗；使陷入困境 n．陷阱；圈套；捕捉器 ‎[教材原句]　Because of the greenhouse effect，the Earth is warmed by gases trapped in the atmosphere.因为温室效应，困在大气层中的气体使得地球气温上升。‎ ‎(1)trap sb. into (doing) sth. 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套；使中计 be/get trapped in 被困在……中 ‎(2)fall into the trap of doing sth. 落入做某事的圈套 set/lay a trap for... 为……设圈套 ‎①Don't fall into the trap of investing all your money in one place.不要把你所有的钱都投资到一个地方，那样做不明智。‎ ‎②She was trapped (trap) in the burning house at that moment.那时她被困在燃烧着的房子里。‎ ‎③I was trapped into admitting (admit) I had done something wrong.我被诱骗承认我做错了事。‎ ‎ reserve v．贮存；保留；预订 n．[C]储备；贮藏；保护区 ‎[教材原句]　Breweries are often built in nature reserves.酿酒厂经常建在自然 保护区。‎ ‎(1)reservation n． [C]自然保护区；[C][U]保留；‎ ‎ [C]预订(房间、座位等)‎ make reservations/a reservation at/in... 在……预订(房间、座位等)‎ reserved adj. 预订的，保留的，缄默的 ‎(2)reserve sth. for 为……保留某物 reserve the right to do sth. 保留做某事的权利 ‎(3)in reserve 备用 with/without reserve 有/没有保留地 ‎①I'd like to reserve a table for three at eight o'clock.‎ 我想预订八点钟供三人用餐的桌位。‎ ‎②Margaret made a reservation(reserve) at/in her favorite hotel in Singapore.‎ 玛格丽特订了她在新加坡最喜欢的饭店。‎ ‎③It is advisable to keep some food reserved (reserve) in case of emergency.‎ 储备一些食物以应急需是明智的。‎ ‎[链接写作]　一句多译 你需要提前订票吗？ 【导学号：34802164】‎ ‎①Do you have to reserve tickets in advance? (reserve)‎ ‎②Do you have to make a reservation of tickets in advance? (reservation)‎ ‎ advocate vt.主张，提倡 n．提倡者，拥护者 ‎[经典例句]　The report advocated that all buildings be fitted with smoke detectors.(牛津词典)‎ 报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟火探测器。‎ ‎(1)advocate (doing) sth. 提倡/拥护/支持(做)某事 advocate that... 主张……[从句谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形]‎ ‎(2)be an advocate of/for ……的提倡者/拥护者 ‎①We advocated that everyone in our school should donate some money to the earthquakestricken area.‎ 我们提倡在学校里的每个人都为地震灾区捐些钱。‎ ‎②Many experts advocate rewarding (reward) your child for good behaviour.‎ 很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。‎ ‎③She has always been an advocate of/for changes to English spelling，to make it easier to learn.她一贯主张对英语的拼写进行改革，使之更易于学习。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ substitute vt.&vi.(用……)替代；取代 n．代替品，代用品 ‎[高考佳句]　If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5”．(2016年全国乙卷·阅读七选五)‎ 如果我们用一个数字代替一个字母，那么“Meet me”将会读作“13，5，20，13，5”。‎ ‎(1)a substitute for sb./sth. 某人/某物的代替品 ‎(2)substitute A for B＝substitute B with/by A ‎ 用A代替B substitute for 代替 substitute as 代替做……工作 ‎①She is seeking a substitute for the very man whose departure made her cry.那个男人的离去令她伤心痛哭，她正想找一个人填补内心的空缺。‎ ‎②We substitute the red balls for the blue ones，to see if the baby would notice.＝We substitute the blue balls with/by the red ones，to see if the baby would notice.我们用红色球代替蓝色球，看是否能够引起宝宝的注意。 【导学号：34802165】‎ ‎ means n．方式，方法；手段 ‎[高考佳句]　As an inexperienced teacher，I tried every means to get them to be quiet，but in vain.(2015年湖南高考·完形填空)作为一名没有经验的老师，我用了各种方法使他们安静下来，但都没用。‎ means of (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法、途径 by means of 借助……的手段 by all means 可以，当然行；尽一切办法，务必 by no means 决不，一点也不(置于句首，其后倒装)‎ by this means 用这种方法 ‎①It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.‎ 总统能做什么来结束罢工，这点完全不清楚。‎ ‎②Only by this means is it possible to persuade him.‎ 只有用这种方法才能说服他。‎ ‎③By no means can teaching in school be separated from practice.学校教学决不能脱离实践。‎ ‎④As is known to us all，Ye Shiwen succeeded by means of hard working.‎ 众所周知，叶诗文依靠刻苦训练而获得成功。‎ ‎[名师点津]　means“方法、方式、手段”，其单复数同形，当means作主语且有every，each等表示单数意义的词修饰时，谓语动词用单数；有some，several，many，few等表示复数意义的词修饰时，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎ threaten vt.威胁；恐吓 ‎[经典例句]　They threatened to close our credit lines if we don't reduce the amount of carbon dioxide we produce.如果我们不降低二氧化碳的排放数量，他们威胁说将取消我们的信用额度。‎ ‎(1)threaten sb. with... 用……威胁某人 threaten to do... 威胁做……‎ ‎(2)threat n. 威胁，恐吓 a threat to sb./sth. 对某人或某事的威胁 make a threat 威胁，恐吓 ‎①The terrorists are threatening to blow(blow)up the hijacked airliner.‎ 恐怖分子扬言要炸毁劫持的客机。‎ ‎②Will a rising China become a threat to western interests？崛起的中国会对西方利益有威胁吗？‎ ‎ adopt vt.采用，采纳；收养 ‎[经典例句]　All three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.(牛津词典)‎ 三个队处理这个问题的方法各不相同。‎ ‎(1)adoption n． [U]采纳；[C][U]收养 adopted adj. 被收养的；被采纳的 adoptive adj. 采用的；有收养关系的 ‎(2)adopt an approach/a strategy/a policy ‎ 采用一种方法/战略/政策 ‎①The senator urged against the adoption of the measure.那位参议员极力反对采取这项措施。‎ ‎②He is my adopted son and I'm his adoptive father.(adopt)他是我的养子，我是他的养父。‎ ‎[名师点津]　adopt与adapt词形相近，但意思不同：adopt“采纳；采用；收养”；adapt“适应；改编；改写”，常用搭配是adapt (oneself) to，表示“适应”。‎ ‎③He couldn't adapt his way of life to the company.‎ 他的生活方式无法适应公司的要求。‎ ‎[链接写作]　句式升级 After he adopted a new way，the problem was solved. 【导学号：34802166】‎ ‎①With a new way adopted，the problem was solved. (with复合宾语)‎ ‎②Having adopted a new way，he solved the problem. (现在分词短语作状语)‎ 诠释2个核心短语 ‎ refer to涉及；谈到；参考；查阅；关于；提及 ‎[经典例句]　We agreed never to refer to the matter again.(朗文辞典)‎ 我们同意永远不再提这件事。‎ ‎(1)refer...to... 把……提交给……；让……参考……‎ refer to...as... 把……称为……‎ ‎(2)reference n. 提及；涉及；参考；参考书 in/with reference to 关于……‎ for reference 以备查阅 ‎①Our economy is referred to as a free market.‎ 我们的经济被称作自由市场经济。‎ ‎②In reference to your question about cost，the tickets for the film are 35 yuan each.关于你咨询的费用问题，这部电影的票价是每张35元。‎ ‎③The result of the research is for reference only.‎ 这个研究结果仅供参考。 ‎ ‎ lead to引起，导致；通向；造成(后果)‎ ‎[高考佳句]　Studying babies' play may lead to a better understanding of science.(2016年浙江高考·阅读理解C)‎ 研究婴儿的玩耍可能会对科学有更好的理解。‎ lead sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事 lead/live a．..life 过……样的生活 lead the way 引路；带路 ‎①This has led scientists to think out other solutions to the problem.‎ 这就使得科学家想出其他解决问题的方法。‎ ‎②He decided to lead a new life after the unusual experience.‎ 经过这次不平常的经历后，他决定过一种新的生活。‎ ‎③The receptionist led the way to the boardroom.‎ 接待员领路来到董事会会议室。‎ ‎[名师点津]　lead to中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或v.ing形式。‎ 突破1个高考句型 ‎(教材P6)Without these naturally occurring gases，the sun's rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on.‎ 如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光将会被反射回太空中去，地球将处于寒冷之中，不适合生命的存在。‎ 介词短语Without these naturally occurring gases代替虚拟条件句，用来表达虚拟的事实。有时表假设的情况隐含在一些词或短语中(如otherwise，but for，or等)‎ ‎①Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat，the earth at night would be freezing cold，too cold for us to live on.如果没有大气保持太阳的热量，夜晚的地球将会非常寒冷，冷得让我们无法生存。‎ ‎②He was busy yesterday，or he would have helped (help) you with your experiment.‎ 他昨天很忙，要不然他就会帮助你做实验的。‎ ‎[链接写作]　句式升级 I couldn't have finished the work so soon without your help. ‎ ‎【导学号：34802167】‎ ‎①I couldn't have finished the work so soon if you hadn't helped me.(用if从句改写)‎ ‎②I couldn't have finished the work so soon if it hadn't been for your help.(用if it had not been for改写)‎ ‎③I couldn't have finished the work so soon but for your help.(用but for改写)‎ ‎[多角快练]——练单词 练短语 练句型—————————————‎ 基础考点全面练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．They were able to position the ships means of radar.‎ ‎2．The book (refer) to last time has been sold out. ‎ ‎【导学号：34802168】‎ ‎3．The old computer doesn't work；we must substitute a new one it.‎ ‎4．A number of high buildings (arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.‎ ‎5．As teachers，we should be (consider) of our students' feelings.And then they will trust us.‎ ‎6．The child asked his mother he could go out to play tennis.‎ ‎7． (give) that there is no traffic delay，I will be here on time.‎ ‎8．I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl，and she has changed recognition.‎ ‎9．It is said that he is the only one of the students that (praise) at the meeting.‎ ‎10．March 1970 (find) me working in a small constructional firm.‎ ‎【答案】　1.by　2.referred　3.for　4.have arisen　5.considerate　‎ ‎6.if/whether　7.Given　8.beyond　9.was praised　10.found Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Having trapped in the traffic jam for hours，he became impatient.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2．The newer will be the substitute with me as your English teacher.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3．We must obey the principle all men are innocent until they are proved guilty.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4．The policeman seized the thief by his arm immediately.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5．Pupils should be helped to adapt a positive approach to the environment.‎ ‎【导学号：34802169】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6．“It's such a nice place，” Mother said as she sat at the table reserving for customers.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7．In the past few years thousands of films have produced all over the world.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8．Pack ice around Iceland was becoming a threat with navigation.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【答案】　1.Having后加been　2.with→for　3.principle后加that　4.his→the　5.adapt→adopt　6.reserving→reserved　7.have后加been　8.with→to 重难考点多维练 advocate点点练 ‎(1)单句改错 ‎①Our head teacher doesn't advocate students' study in the classroom all day. ‎ ‎②Some people advocated that we took action to solve the event. ‎ ‎【答案】　①study→studying　②took→take ‎(2)根据汉语提示完成片段 Lots of experts and parents ③ children's homework and ④ children ⑤ ‎ ‎ more free time.‎ 许多专家及家长主张削减孩子的家庭作业量，并提倡给予孩子更多的自由时间。‎ ‎【答案】　③advocate reducing　④advocate that　⑤(should) be given Ⅰ.课文语法填空 请根据Lesson 1的课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ In the last few decades，it has been reported that Earth's climate is being changed and human beings will face 1. (globe) warming.Global warming refers to 2. average increase in the Earth's temperature that，in turn，leads to climate change.‎ Over the last 100 years，the global average temperature 3. (increase) by 1 and many experts insist that the blame 4. this global warming can 5. (most) be pinned on human activities.6. link between human activities and 7. (rise) global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.8. we continue to produce carbon dioxide and other gases in such huge 9. (quantity)，we are condemning life on Earth.Governments all over the world have a 10. (responsible) to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide.‎ ‎【答案】　1.global　2.an　3.has increased　4.for　5.mostly　6.The　7.rising　8.If　9.quantities　10.responsibility Ⅱ.课文短文改错 请根据Lesson 3的课文内容，对下面的材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ Volcanoes and earthquakes are even much dangerous than in the past as around half the world's population now live in cities.There are more than 300 active volcanoes，about fifty of them erupt each year，and more than 500 million people now live within a range of a volcanic eruption.Because of these natural disasters occur at random time，it is difficult to warn people in advance.In May 2006，thousands of Indonesians live near Mt Merapi (which means mountain of fire) had to flee as they ‎ thought it about to erupt.An even greater number of people live at risk，in some degree，from earthquakes which had claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.‎ ‎【答案】　Volcanoes and earthquakes are even dangerous than in the past as around half the world's population now in cities.There are more than 300 active volcanoes，about fifty of erupt each year，and more than 500 million people now live within range of a volcanic eruption.Because these natural disasters occur at random ，it is difficult to warn people in advance.‎ In May 2006，thousands of Indonesians near Mt Merapi (which means mountain of fire) had to flee as they thought it about to erupt.An even greater number of people live at risk， some degree，from earthquakes which claimed more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.‎ Ⅲ.高考话题微写作 请根据提示，运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文，并背诵成文。‎ ‎1．上周一见证了来自自然保护区的一头狮子挣脱牢笼逃离动物园，此事引起了人们的恐慌。(see，reserve，break away from，flee，lead to，panic)‎ ‎2．据说失去控制的狮子非常危险。(beyond control)‎ ‎3．鉴于人们的生命受到威胁，警方主张孩子们除了乘车上学外均须待在家里。(give that，threaten，advocate that，apart from)‎ ‎4．最终，因为警方采用一位猎人的方法，把这头狮子困在了陷阱里。(adopt，means，trap)‎ ‎5．要是没有这位猎人的帮助，这头狮子不会这么快被捉住。(without，be caught)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Last Monday saw a lion from the natural reserve broke away from its cage and fled the zoo，which led to a panic.The lion beyond control was believed to be very dangerous.Given that people's lives were threatened，the police advocated that children should stay at home apart from going to school by bus.At last，adopting a hunter's means，the police trapped the lion in a trap.Without the hunter's help，the lion couldn't have been caught so soon.‎