高考英语全国II卷解析版(供参考) 23页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 2016 普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语（II 卷） 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节 (共 15 题：每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将 该项涂黑。 A What’s On? Electric Underground 7.30pm－1.00am Free at the Cyclops Theatre Do you know who’s playing in your area? We’re bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)? If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music. Gee Whizz 8.30pm-10.30pm Comedy at Kaleidoscope Come and see Gee Whizz perform. He’s the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐). Simon’s Workshop 5.00pm-7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage This is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a comedian and actor who has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny. Charlotte Stone 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza World Fine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Stone will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食). Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine. 1. Who can help you if you want to have your music produced? A. Jules Skye. B. Gee Whizz. C. Charlotte Stone. D. James Pickering. 2. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh? A. The Cyclops Theatre B. Kaleidoscope C. Victoria Stage D. Pizza World 3. What do we know about Simon’s Workshop? A. It requires membership status. B. It lasts three hours each time. C. It is run by a comedy club. D. It is held every Wednesday. 4. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs? A. 5.00pm-7.30pm. B. 7.30pm－1.00am. C. 8.00pm-11.00pm. D. 8.30pm-10.30pm. 【答案】1.A 2. B 3. D 4. C 试题分析：本文属于广告类阅读，介绍了四则广告，难度较小。本题考生可以使用倒序法， 先阅读题目，然后在四则广告中按图索骥即可。 1. A 细节理解题。根据文章第一则广告最后一句 He’s going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce you music 可知 Jules Skye 可以教你如何制作音乐，那么如果你想 做你自己的音乐，你可以去找他，故 A 正确。 2.B 细节理解题。根据第二则广告第三句 This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest 可知这场表演能够让所有年龄段的人都很开心。表演的场所在 Kaleidoscope。故 B 正确。 3.D 细节理解题。根据第三则广告第二行中“5.00 pm- 7.30pm Wednesdays at Victoria Stage” 可知 Simon's Workshop 的表演是在每周三下午 5 点至 7 点 30 之间进行。故 D 项正确。 4.C 细节理解题。根据第四则广告第二行“8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza World”可知 Charlotte Stone 将在晚上 8.00 至 11 点之间表演她最受欢迎的歌曲。故 C 项正确。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 【名师点睛】 本文属于广告类短文，所考查四题均为细节题中的直接理解题。细节事实理解题主要考 查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语 义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低， 只要学生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。 在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决直接理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的 信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转 换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的 句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。 以本文为例，我们根据题干中“people of different ages enjoy a good laugh”所有年龄段的 人都能够从中获得笑声，直接定位第二则广告第三句 This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest 可知这场表演能够让所有年龄段的人都很开心，故选择 B 项。 考点：考查广告类阅读 B Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said:”Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today - and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.” A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations. Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students. Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, ”But I’m just not creative.” “Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?” “Oh, sure.” 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 “So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?” “Nobody. I do it.” “Really-at night, when you’re asleep?” “Sure.” “Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?” 5. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to ________? A. know more about the students B. make the lessons more exciting C. raise the students’ interest in art D. teach the students about toy design 6. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3? A. He liked to help his teacher. B. He preferred to study alone. C. He was active in class. D. He was imaginative. 7. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden. 8. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams? A. To help them to see their creativity. B. To find out about their sleeping habits. C. To help them to improve their memory. D. To find out about their ways of thinking. 【答案】5. A 6. D 7. B 8. A 【解析】 试题分析：本文属于记叙文，作者通过让学生拼装玩具发现并鼓励学生的创造性和想象力。 5.A 推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知当我把拼装式玩具放在学生面前的时候，有些学生犹 豫着在等着看别人如何行动，有一些学生查看了使用说明并根据模型做出了一些东西。而另 外一些学生则根据本人的想象力做出了一些东西。通过观察我对不同的学生的性格有了不同 的理解。故 A 正确。 6.D 推理判断题。文章第三段第一句中提到的这个男孩在空闲时间拼装这些玩具，而且他的 作品堆满了艺术教室的架子，家里的卧室里也有很多。第三段倒数第三句“Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work”说明他是一个很有想象力和创造性的人。故 D 项正确。 7.B 词义猜测题。根据划线单词后一句“I ran the risk of losing those students who had a 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 different style of thinking.”可知我冒着失去那些有不同思维方式的学生的危险。说明我的这 种教育方法也有不足之处。故划线词意为“drawback 缺点”。故 B 正确。 8.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后七段中的对话内容可知作者鼓励孩子们说出最有趣的、有创 造性和想象力的梦，并鼓励他们在白天的课堂里把梦的内容做出来。作者这样做的目的就是 为了让他们发现自己的创造性和想象力。故 A 正确。 【名师点睛】 本文属于词义猜测题。我们可以根据后句“I ran the risk ...... thinking.”中的“risk”说明我 的教育方法也有不足之处，故划线词意为“drawback 缺点，不足”。本题属于典型的理由 上下文语境推测。 近几年高考阅读中猜测词义考查方法多样化，其中根据上下文语境推测将会越来越多。根据 上下文语境作出判断：有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义 域解释或例子，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。请看下例： Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Centre offers a wide variety ofchoices—deluxe sedans, mi nivans, station wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big favorite. 从前面的 Car Rental Center 可知出租车公司提供的只能是 cars for rent(出租汽车)，也就是 说划线的词都是出租汽车的名称。 除此之外，我们还可以根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如 but， however，otherwise 等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定 另一句的含义。另外，分号(；)也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。 还可以根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说，“有因必有果，有果必有因”。根据原因可以 预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如 Biggest power failure in the city's history．．．All of our ice—cream and frozen foods melted． 根据因果关系，停电只能导致冰淇淋和冷冻食品“融化”，也就是 melted。 考点：考查记叙文阅读 C Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the website BookCrossing.com turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group. Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.” Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it. People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home. BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries. 9. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph? A. To explain what they are. B.To introduce BookCrossing. C. To stress the importance of reading. D. To encourage readers to share their ideas. 10. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer to? A. The book. B.An adventure. C.A public place. D. The identification number. 11. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it? A. Meet other readers to discuss it. B.Keep it safe in his bookcase. C. Pass it on to another reader. D. Mail it back to its owner. 12. What is the best title for the text? A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour B. Electronic Books: A new Trend C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back D. A Website Links People through Books 【答案】9. B 10. A11. C 12. D 【解析】 试题分析：本文属于说明文，介绍了 BookCrossing.com 所进行的分享图书活动的目的以及 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 具体过程。 9.B 目的意图题。作者在第一段提出读书是一个社交活动，那些参加读书小组的人经常在一 起讨论所读内容，增强相互之间的理解，接着在最后一句提出 BookCrossing.com，说明作者 提到读书小组的目的正是介绍网站 BookCrossing.com，故 B 正确。 10.A 代词指代题。根据本句“....hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”那些留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走 得更远。可知其中的 it 指代前半句提到的同一事物“the book”。故 A 正确。 11.C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句“....the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home”让书蒙上尘土是一种很自私的行为，网站 BookCrossing.com 的目的正是鼓励人们与别人分享图书，所以拿到书的人最可能继续把书传 递下去。故 C 项正确。 12.D 标题概括题。根据文章第三段可知 BookCrossing.com 把人生命中最重要的两个事物： 人和书联系在一起。D 项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。 【名师点睛】 本文考查了代词指代题。根据本句“....hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走 得更远。可知其中的 it 指代前半句提到的同一事物“the book”。 阅读的时候我们可以根据上下文的指代关系进行选择：文章中的代词 it，that，he，him 或 them 可以指上文提到的人或物，其中 it 和 that 还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔 较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。例 如： However, the question that "moon people" asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of s cientists are seriously thinking about it. 首先，it 指上句中的 the question，而 the question 又指上一段中“月球人”所提的问题， 所以要经过两次查找才能选出答案。 考点：考查说明文阅读 D A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life. Frank Hurley’s pictures would be outstanding----undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship. The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica’s Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back. As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott’s last journey, completed as be lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world’s imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published. 13. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley? A. They were made last week B. They showed undersea sceneries C. They were found by a cameraman D. They recorded a disastrous adventure 14. Who reached the South Pole first according to the text? A. Frank Hurley B. Ernest Shackleton C. Robert Falcon Scott D. Caroline Alexander 15. What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage? A. Artistic creation B. Scientific research C. Money making D. Treasure hunting 【答案】13. D 14. C 15. C 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 【解析】 试题分析：本文属于记叙文，讲述 Frank 的图片记录了一次不成功的航海活动，文章介绍了 与之相关的内容。 33. D 细节理解题，根据文章第二段第二句 they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩),可知这照片记录了一次海难，故 D 项正确。 34.C 细节理解题，根据第三段最后一句 Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.可知到达南极的是 Captain Scott，故 C 正确。 35.C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二句“Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.”可知 Alexander 认为他的这次航行就 是为了挣钱。故 C 项正确。 【名师点睛】 本文三题均考查了细节题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。如中的 A 项“They were made last week”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项，根据第二段第一句“Frank Hurley’s pictures......undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism---if they had been made last week.”可知“如 果这些照片是上周所拍，那么就会是一流的。”实际上这些照片是 1914 年左右拍摄的。说 明 A 项明显错误。 干扰项的设置方法除了“颠倒黑白”之外，通常还有以下几种方式： 1. 张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选 项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。 2. 偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的 地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。 3. 无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息 支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。 4. 以偏概全。考生在做猜测文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时，往往会犯以偏 概全的错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。 其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。不合理关联就是 表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆，往往是文章直接 表述的结论；深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。 考点：考查记叙文阅读 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 A garden that’s just right for you Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 16 . But it doesn’t happen by accident. It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. ●___17 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料). 18 . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. ●Recall(回忆)your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important. 19 --how being in those gardens made us feel. If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth. 20 then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun. A. Know why you garden B. Find a good place for your own garden C. It’s our experience of the garden that matters D. It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too G. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have 【答案】16. F 17. A 18. E 19. C 20. G 【解析】 试题分析：本文属于说明文，美丽的花园能给我们带来美好的视觉享受，文章中给出了两 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 11 个自己建设花园的的具体建议。 16.F 根据前两句提出：你是否参观过那些让你感觉非常好的花园？你也可以自己搞一个属 于你自己的花园。故 F 项“你也可以把你自己的花园搞得那么美好”符合上下文串联。 17. A 根据本段前两句可知不两只的园艺有不同的原因，再根据倒数第二句“然而，有很多 能解释你为什么想做园艺的原因”可知我们首先要搞清楚为什么要做园艺，故 A 正确。 18.E 本段前两句提出有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，有些人关心少用水少用废料。本 句仍然在说明人们对园艺的不同看法。故 E 项“还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物”与 上下文一致，也是人们对于园艺的观点。 19.C 根据前句“......那些都不重要”可知划线句强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是 什么。故 C 项“重要的是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文串联。 20.G 本部分介绍如果我们自己建一个花园，要回忆一下年轻的时候所看到的那些花园，并 把这些花园的优点写下来，然后制定计划并把自己的计划变成美丽的花园。故 G 项与上下 文一致。 【名师点睛】 本文属于七选五阅读中最常见的设空在段首的方法，通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文 内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。本题我们根据倒 数第二句“However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.”可知我们首先要知道为什么要搞园艺。故 A 项为本段主题句。 当七选五阅读设空在句首时，还可能存在以下两种情况： 1. 属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答 案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起 来。 2. 与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后 在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接 的，因此这两句间会有 某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。比如，如果选项中出现 时间年代时，往往要注意与原文中年代的前后对应关系。 考点：考查说明文阅读 第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） 第一节完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 12 的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置)on your desk. And they’ve never actually 21 you. Everything they know about you 22 through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away. 23 they feel they can know you 24 from the sound of your voice. That’s how powerful the 25 is. Powerful, yes, but not always 26 . For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone. Rani, my faceless agent whom I’d never met 27 , got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really 28 me. I sometimes wished to 29 another agent. One morning, I had to 30 an immediate flight home for a family emergency. I ran into Rani’s office 31 . The woman sitting at the desk, 32 my madness, sympathetically jumped up. She gave me a 33 smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the 34 immediately. “What a wonderful lady!” I thought. Rushing out 35 I called out over my shoulder, “By the way, what’s your name?” “I’m Rani,” she said. I turned around and saw a 36 woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip. I was 37 ! Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was, well, so 38 . Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Rani’s 39 ---her warm smile, her nods, her ‘I’m here for you’ 40 ---were all silent signals that didn’t travel through wires. 21. A. accepted B. noticed C. heard D. met 22. A. came B. moved C. ran D. developed 23. A. Thus B. Yet C. Then D. Indeed 24. A. rather B. also C. just D. already 25. A. Telephone B. voice C. connection D. impression 26. A. direct B. useful C. easy D. accurate 27. A. in person B. by myself C. in public D. on purpose 28. A. annoyed B. interested C. discouraged D. confused 29. A. promote B. train C. find D. know 30. A. arrange B. postpone C. confirm D. book 31. A. for the first time B. at any time C. from time to time D. in good time 32. A. expecting B. seeing C. testing D. avoiding 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 13 33. A. shy B. comforting C. familiar D. forced 34. A. bill B. form C. ticket D. list 35. A. hopefully B. disappointedly C. gratefully D. regretfully 36. A. careful B. serious C. nervous D. pleasant 37. A. amused B. worried C. helpless D. speechless 38. A. calm B. nice C. proud D. clever 39. A. forgiveness B. eagerness C. friendliness D. skillfulness 40. A. explanation B. attitude C. concept D. Behavior 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A26. D 27. A 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. B 34. C 35. C36. D 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. B 【解析】试题分析：本文属于夹叙夹议类文章，我在电话中与 Rani 的交流中发现，她比较 冷漠，甚至有了换人的想法，后来在实际生活中的一次接触让我发现原来的看法是错误的， 生活中 Rani 是一个很善良体贴的人。以此告诉我们不要随意下结论，要全面思考问题。 21.D 考查上下文串联。动词 accept 接受；notice 注意；hear 听说；听见；meet 遇见；根据 第一句可知很多人只是通过电话了解你，你们也许从来都没有见过面，只是通过电话交流。 故 D 正确。 22.A 考查动词短语。动词 move 移动；run 奔跑；develop 发展，开发；短语 come from 来自 于....；他们对你的了解来自于电话，因为你们之间的距离通常非常遥远，甚至在千里之外。， 与 BCD 三项的动词语义不搭配。故 A 正确。 23.B 考查上下文串联。虽然你们之间的距离很远，但是他们只要通过你的声音，就可以了 解你。上下文之间是转折关系，所以使用副词 yet 串联前后语义。故 B 正确。 24.C 考查副词辨析。副词 rather 相当地；also 也；just 只是；already 已经；本句使用 just 表示强调，别人只要通过声音就可以了解你。故 C 正确。 25.A 考查上下文串联。根据 26 空后“only by phone”可知本文介绍的是电话，人们可以通 过电话了解你。故 A 正确。 26.D 考查上下文串联。形容词 direct 直接的；useful 有用的；easy 容易的；accurate 准确的； 本空前的 but 说明上下文之间是转折关系，电话虽然很强大，但是也并不是很准确。与 ABC 三项语义不搭配。故 D 正确。 27.A 考查介词辨析。介词 in person 亲自，by myself 靠自己；in public 当众；on purpose 故 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 14 意地；A 项与空前的 faceless 形成呼应，Rain 是代理人，但是我们从来没有碰过面。故 A 正 确。 28.A 考查上下文串联。空前的 cold voice 可知 Rani 在电话里的声音很冷漠，和让我很不高 兴，甚至想过要另外找一个代理人。说明我对他的声音很反感。故 A 正确。 29.C 考查上下文串联。动词 promote 提拔；train 训练；find 寻找，找到；know 知道；正是 因为 Rani 的声音让我很不舒服，所以我曾经想过另外找代理人取代他。故 C 正确。 30.D 考查动词辨析。动词 arrange 预定；postpone 推迟；confirm 确认；book 预定；因为家 庭中的紧急事情我要立刻预定回家的航班。动词 book 与 flight 相搭配。故 D 正确。 31.A 考查介词短语。短语 for the first time 第一次；at any time 随时；from time to time 时而 不时；in good time 及时，迅速；因为情况紧急，所以我第一次亲自来到 Rani 的办公室。故 A 正确。 32.B 考查动词辨析。动词 expect 期待，预料；see 看见；test 检测；avoid 避免；她看到了 我的着急，Rani 非常同情我，给了我安慰的笑容。动词 see 与上下文搭配一致。 33.B 考查形容词辨析。形容词 shy 害羞的；comforting 安慰的；familiar 熟悉的；forced 被 迫的；她看到我很着急，笑着安慰我。故 B 正确。 34.C 考查上下文串联。根据 30 空可知我要预定回家的航班的机票，本句中 Rani 很快帮我 把机票打印出来。故 C 正确。 35.C 考查上下文串联。副词 hopefully 充满希望地；disappointedly 感到失望地；gratefully 感激地；regretfully 遗憾地；对方如此迅速地帮我把机票打印出来，而且一直面带微笑，这 让我心存感激。故 C 项正确。 36.D 考查上下文串联。形容词 careful 细心的 ；serious 严肃的，认真的；nervous 紧张的； pleasant 令人愉快的；现实生活中的 Rani 富有同情心，待人热情大方。是一个令人愉快的相 处对象。所以当我转身时，看见的是与电话中完全不一样的 Rani。故 D 项正确。 37.D 考查上下文串联。现实生活中的她是如此的体贴大方，而我之前却认为她很冷漠，甚 至有了要另找代理的想法，我真是无话可说。说明电话中得到的印象有时很不准确。故 D 项正确。 38.B 考查上下文串联。在文章 28 空前“cold”以及前句“...she was cold”之前我因为 Rani 很冷漠，但却没有想到实际生活中的 Rani 是如此的美好善良。故 B 项正确。 39.C 考查名词辨析。名词 forgiveness 谅解；eagerness 急切；friendliness 友好；skillfulness 熟练；从 52-54 空内容可知 Rani 对我非常友好善良，并没有电话中的那种冷漠的感觉。故 C 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 15 项正确。 40.B 考查名词辨析。名词 explanation 解释；attitude 态度；concept 概念；behavior 行为； Rani 的善良友好的态度并没有从电话线中传递过去。B 项指 Rani 接待我的友好的态度。故 B 项正确。 【名师点睛】 本篇完形填空很好地体现出重在考查语篇理解能力，且不在情节上、词汇考查大做文章 的趋势。其中对于语篇的上下文复现考查非常之多，有一半左右的答案可以在上下文中找到。 如，根据第一段的描述，以及 26 空后“only by phone”可知本文介绍的是电话，人们可以 通过电话了解你。 语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复 现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同 时出现，结构同现，同义同现，修饰同现，因果同现等。因此，利用上下文寻找解题信息， 确定正确答案。如： I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasn’t empty at all. It had furn iture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new ___44___, dressed neatly. A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion 【分析】名词同现，空格前出现了 room, furniture, curtains, a TV 等同现信息可知坐在铺好的 床上的是“我”的室友。 考点：考查夹叙夹议类阅读 第 II 卷 注意：将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识 别)those of 41 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of 42 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable. Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 16 an early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 50 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 【答案】41. greater 42. achievement 43. is 44. on 45. as 46. studies 47. regularly 48. a 49. to bring 50. Make 【解析】 试题分析：本文属于说明，告诉我们当工作压力太大的时候，应该怎么做来合理释放压力。 41. greater 考查比较级，本空所填词和比较级 less 是并列关系，故使用同样的比较级形式 greater. 42. achievement 考查名词。横线前面有介词 of，故空格上要使用名词形式，句意：首先处 理重要的事情，那么你会有成就感。 43. is 考查句子结构和主谓一致，本句中动名词短语做主语，谓语动词用单数形式，故使用 is. 44.on 考查固定搭配。形容词短语 be focused on 集中于....；很多人早晨对任务的注意力要 比晚些时候的注意力更集中。 45.as 考查固定搭配。短语 as...as....和...一样；正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以我 们要早起，要和午饭之前一样的高效率。 46.studies 考查名词单复数。本句的谓语动词是 show，说明主语是复数名词 studies。 47.regualrly 考查副词。在英语这个副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常 在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词 regularly 做状语修饰动词 take short breaks。 48.考点：a 考查固定短语，for a while 一会，本句指通过锻炼或做一些你事情，让你的身 体和思维休息一会。 49. to bring 考查形容词短语，be likely to do sth 可能做某事，你就不太可能把工作带回家 去做，因为你找到了你喜欢做的事情。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 17 50. Make 考查祈使句，本句中动词短语 make sure 放在句首，构成祈使句，句意：要保证它 是让你释放压力的事，而不是让你担忧的事。 【名师点睛】 在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的，横线前面有介词 of，横线上要 使用名词 achievement 作为 of 的宾语。，在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词， 形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词 regularly 做状语修饰动词 take short breaks。 词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。 技巧 1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。 技巧 2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。 技巧 3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。 技巧 4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词，有可能考词 类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。 技巧 5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据 句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加 un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在词根后加-less 等。 考查语法填空 第三部分写作（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节短文改错（共 10 小题，每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共 有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。 删除：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2．只允许修改 10 处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。 The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 18 books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot. 【答案】 1.how 改为 what 2.chose 改为 choose 3.take 改为 taking4.but 改为 and 5.about 后加 the 6.your 改为 our7.knowledges 改为 knowledge8.删除 can 或 can 改为 should 9.thought 改为 think 10.many 改为 much 【解析】 试题分析：考查记叙文，“我”和同学们对暑假的旅游计划的讨论。 1.how 改为 what 考查特殊结构。“特殊疑问词+to do”在本句中作为短语 talk about 的宾语， 其中 what 还要作为动词 do 的逻辑宾语。句意：同学们和我在谈论暑假期间做什么。 2.chose 改为 choose 考查句中结构。“情态动词+动词原形”才可以在句中作为谓语部分， 而本句中 chose 是过去式。 3.take 改为 taking 考查并列结构。本句中动名词短语 staying at home 与 taking a trip 构成并 列关系，都作为介词 between 的宾语。 4.but 改为 and 考查连词。句意：如果我们待在家里，很舒服也没有必要花钱。上下文之间 是并列关系，而不是转折关系，所以使用 and 连接上下文。 5.about 后加 the 考查定冠词。在英语中定冠词 the 通常表示特指，本句中 the 修饰 world 表 示特指这个世界。 6.your 改为 our 考查代词。应该使用 our 与本句的主语 we 保持一致。句意：如果我们出国 旅游，我们就拓宽视野并学到书本上学不到的知识。 7. knowledges 改为 knowledge 考查名词，本句中名词 knowledge 是不可数名词，没有复数形 式。 8.删除 can 或 can 改为 should 考查虚拟语气。Suggest 作为建议的时候，后面的宾语从句要 使用虚拟语气 should +动词原形，所以本句可以删除 can 或 can 改为 should。 9.thought 改为 think 考查时态，本文介绍我和同学们商量暑假旅游的事情，全文以一般现在 时为主，所以本句使用现在时 think. 10.many 改为 much 考查代词。本句中代词 much 代替不可数名词 much money 作为动词 cost 的宾语，而 many 通常代替可数名词复数形式。 【名师点睛】 高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 19 层面。考点层次越高，就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方 面的考查，而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。 一、词法改错 词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词的所有格；动词的时态、 语态、语气，情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、 连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词、副词的 区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。 例如：本题中的 5.about 后加 the 考查定冠词 7.knowledges 改为 knowledge 考查名词单复数 10.many 改为 much 考查代词 二、句法改错 句法的测试包括：主谓语在数上的一致性；名词性从句、定语从句和强调句；句子结构的连 贯性、完整性、对等性和逻辑性。 例如： 1.how 改为 what 考查特殊结构。 2.chose 改为 choose 考查句子结构 3.take 改为 taking 考查并列结构 8.删除 can 或 can 改为 should 考查虚拟语气 三、语篇改错 语篇的测试包括：上下文的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词指代是否一致；上下文中的逻辑 关系是否一致。 4.but 改为 and 考查连词 6.your 改为 our 考查代词和逻辑关系 9.thought 改为 think 考查时态 考点：考查短文改错 第二节书面表达（满分 25 分） 假定你是李华，你校摄影俱乐部（photography club）将举办国际中学摄影展。请给你的英国 朋友 Peter 写封信。请他提供作品。信的内容包括： 1．主题：环境保护； 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 20 2．展览时间； 3．投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow@gmschool.com. 注意： 1．词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【答案】 Dear Peter, Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School student Photography Show. The theme of the show is environmental protection. It will start from June 15th and last three weeks. Any students who is interested in welcome to participate. I know you take good pictures and you've always wanted to do something for environmental protection. I remember you showed me some photos on that themethe last time you visitedour school. This is surely a good chance for more people to see them. If you want to join, youcan send your photos to intlphotoshow@gm.school.com. Hope to hear from you soon. Yours Lihua 【解析】 试题分析：本文属于半开放作文，要求 考生以李华的身份给英国朋友 Peter 写信，建议他参 加 你校投影俱乐部举办的国际中学生摄影展，文章要使用第一人称和一般现在时为主的时 态。要点：1、校摄影俱乐部举办的国际吵学生摄影展，主题为环境保护，2、展览时间 6 月 15 日，持续三周，3、知道对方对摄影很感兴趣，也恰好有环保方面的图片，希望对方能 够参加本次展览，4、投稿邮箱：intlphotoshow@gm.school.com，在写作时，注意书信的格 式以及串联过渡用语，同时尽量使用熟悉的词汇及短语，尤其注意不要出现中国式英语，并 在力所能及的范围之内使用复合句或谚语，增加高分可能性。 【名师点睛】 本篇范文很好地完成了要求的所有任务，要点扩充合情合理，符合生活实际。建议对方参加 本次展览的理由符合逻辑：对方恰好有这一主题的作品。全文句式多样化，并没有一直使用 陈述句，穿插使用祈使句，符合邀请函的特点。文章中使用了较多的复合句，如定语从句 Any students who is interested in welcome to participate.时间状语从句.... themethe last time you 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 21 visitedour school.条件状语从句 If you want to join....；等。全文没有中国式英语句式，体现出 很高的驾驭英语的能力。 考点：考查半开放作文 2016 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语答案及评分参考 第一部分： 1.A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. D 14. C 15. C 16. F 17. A 18. E 19. C 20. G 第二部分： 21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. B 34. C 25. C 36. D 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. B 41. greater 42. achievement 43. is 44. on 45. as 46. studies 47. regularly 48. a 49. to bring 50. make 第三部分： 第一节： The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can what chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend choose taking and money. But in that case, we will learn little about∧ world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view the our and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 22 interest nearby. I knowledge can 或 should thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot. think much 第二节： 一、评分原则 1．本题总分为 25 分，按 5 个档次给分。 2．评分时，先根据文章内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量， 确定或调整档次，最后给分。 3．词数少于 80 和多于 120 的，从总分中减去 2 分。 4．评分时应注意的主要内容为：内容要应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文 的连贯性。 5．拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考 虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。 6．如书写较差以至影响交际，将其分数降低一个档次。 二、内容要点 1．举办者； 2．展览主题及时间； 3．邀请对方提供作品； 4．投稿邮箱。 三、One Possible Version Dear Peter, Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show. The theme of the show is environmental protection. It will start from June 15th and last for three weeks. Any student who is interested is welcome to participate. I know you take good pictures and you’ve always wanted to do something for environmental protection. I remember you should me some photos on that theme the last time you visited our school. This is surely a good change for more people to see them. If you want to join, you can send your photos to intlphotoshow@gmschool.com. Hope to hear from you soon. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 23 Yours, Li Hua