北京市平谷区2020届高三下学期一模考试英语试题 12页

英语试卷　 第 1 页(共 12 页) 平谷区 2019—2020 学年度第二学期高三年级质量监控 英 语 试 卷 2020. 3 注 意 事 项 1. 本试卷共 12 页,包括三部分,满分 120 分。 考试时间 100 分钟。 2. 在答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级、姓名和考号。 3. 试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。 4. 在答题卡上,选择题用 2B 铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。 5. 考试结束,请将答题卡交回。 第一部分　 知识运用(共两节,满分 45 分) 第一节　 语法填空(共 10 小题;每小题 1. 5 分,共 15 分) 阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词,在 给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A This year, the World Cup has been played across different 　 1　 (city), and Team China had training sessions even on traveling days when some participating teams chose to rest up after a tiring flight. When the team struggled, Captain Zhu Ting was always there, doing whatever was needed 　 2　 (carry) the team forward. ThatƳs why she has become a national volleyball icon(偶 像), just like “ Iron Hammer” Lang. Never giving up, especially in a difficult situation, thatƳs 3　 the spirit of Chinese womenƳs volleyball means. B The railway line 　 4　 (connect) Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the co-host city of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, is the worldƳs first intelligent, high-speed railway. It 　 5 　 ( go) into operation on Dec 30, 2019. The railway is 174 km long, with a maximum design speed of 350 kph. It reduces the travel time between Beijing and Zhangjiakou from over three hours to 47 minutes. The train is designed with an area to store snowboards, a device to secure wheelchairs and a mobile news center 　 6　 passengers can watch live Olympic broadcasts. C The “Twenty-four Solar terms”is the Chinese 　 7　 (tradition) way of dividing and marking time. It shows the relationship between the universe, seasons, climate and agriculture, which is uniquely created 　 8　 Chinese ancestors. The Twenty-four Solar Terms are important instructions for the agricultural production as well as peopleƳs daily lives. At the initial stage of agricultural 英语试卷　 第 2　　　　 页(共 12 页) development, people began to explore rules of nature and used 　 9 　 ( they) to guide sowing, harvesting and other agricultural activities. Until now, it 　 10 　 ( become) an essential tool to guide the agricultural production in China. And its charm and value have been increasingly recognized by the public. 第二节　 完形填空(共 20 小题;每小题 1. 5 分,共 30 分) 阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Never Say Quit In my twenty-five years of coaching, I encountered many extraordinary athletes. Yet the athlete who made the greatest impression on me wasnƳt one of those promising young men, but Bobby Colson. Early in the season, Bobby, who looked heavy but strong, 　 11　 me in the school hallway. He told me he was eager to join in our track team and believed he could make an important 　 12　 . I was deeply 　 13　 by his presentation and self-confidence. Given his physique, the logical role for Bobby was that of a “weight man”. So he did his best in trying discus(铁饼), shot pot ƺ, only to find out these events were not 　 14　 for him at all. So Bobby intended to try another more difficult event: two-mile race. I admired BobbyƳs 　 15　 , but to myself,I questioned whether the two-mile race was a good choice. Yet Bobby was 　 16　 and for the following weeks, he painfully but 　 17　 struggled through his workouts. Three months later, the two-mile race was well underway. While all the other runners had already finished, Bobby 　 18 　 had three laps to go. As Bobby completed his last two of his 　 19　 laps, several boys from the other teams started making fun of him and 　 20　 at him to get off the track. Bobby was crying noticeably but kept going. At this moment, our team members noticed and went to 　 21　 Bobby on. On the last lap, all our athletes stood up to cheer Bobby on. Imagine a moving sight: Our whole team lined up 　 22　 the track, clapping and cheering for Bobby as tears 　 23　 down his face. After that, Bobby put in effort to support his teammates. He went from event to event 　 24　 his teammates. When one of our athletes took a first place, Bobby was even more excited than the winner. Every teammate 　 25　 him very much and felt lucky to have him in the team. Bobby had been right when he told me he felt he could make a significant contribution. He had joined a good team and made it into a great 　 26　 . Since then, IƳve seen many top athletes 　 27　 the track when they knew they werenƳt going to win a race. Bobby, on the contrary, never once 　 28　 leaving that two-mile race. Once he 　 29　 , quitting was not an option. His example helped us all to understand that talent is God given, and those who have it should be thankful, but the spirit of 　 30　 is self-given, and we should value it. 英语试卷　 第 3　　　　 页(共 12 页) 11. A. waved B. informed C. limited D. stopped 12. A. appearance B. promise C. contribution D. influence 13. A. impressed B. frightened C. puzzled D. embarrassed 14. A. satisfactory B. challenging C. suitable D. attractive 15. A. enthusiasm B. generosity C. achievement D. cooperation 16. A. worried B. confused C. determined D. hesitated 17. A. cautiously B. proudly C. secretly D. diligently 18. A. still B. already C. ever D. rather 19. A. spare B. remaining C. extra D. additional 20. A. crying B. throwing C. shouting D. criticizing 21. A. pull B. assist C. drive D. urge 22. A. over B. around C. with D. beyond 23. A. rolled B. paved C. covered D. measured 24. A. convincing B. appreciating C. competing D. encouraging 25. A. envied B. loved C. respected D. believed 26. A. family B. organization C. institution D. system 27. A. check out B. give off C. walk off D. carry out 28. A. supposed B. considered C. imagined D. concerned 29. A. proved B. realized C. discovered D. started 30. A. bravery B. unity C. perseverance D. devotion 第二部分　 阅读理解(共两节,满分 40 分) 第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2 分,共 30 分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项 涂黑。 A Three Modern Services When youƳre working a full-time job, studying or on the hunt for work, life can feel exhausting. The good news is that modern technology has made life easier in many ways, and with the following services, youƳll find you have more time and energy for the things that matter. Meal kit delivery services Meal kit delivery services are one of the most underestimated innovations of the 21st century. How they work is simple. At the beginning you choose how many people need to eat in your 英语试卷　 第 4　　　　 页(共 12 页) household. Then, what your dietary requirements are, and any other preferences. Finally, you get to choose which meal kits will be delivered to your door. No matter your diet, you can have an appropriate meal kit delivered. For example, check out these low carb meal delivery options. The kit comes complete with all the ingredients you need, already prepared. All you have to do is to follow the simple recipe to put them together and pop your meal in the oven. With meal kit delivery, you donƳt have to worry about cooking or spending money on takeout. Your trips to the grocery store will become easier and youƳll waste less money and food. Taskrabbit One of the most frustrating aspects of having a place you call your own is that you have to take care of the maintenance(维修). Even if you are renting, there are certain tasks that your landlord will expect you to see to, whether a leaky tap or a problematic electrical appliance. For this, Taskrabbit connects you with freelancers who are willing to take on just about any task for you. You can hire someone to take care of your leaky tap rather than spending your own time and energy doing it. YouƳre giving someone work while enjoying your time off. Postmates Finally, one of the most convenient and useful services is, of course, Postmates. With Postmates, you can get just about anything delivered or deliver something yourself. You can get someone to do your groceries for you — simply make a list of what you need and choose whether the shopper should call you if something is out or if they can decide on replacements themselves. You can also use it for takeout, to send or receive documents, and any other delivery needs you have. We live in an age of convenience, and we should take advantage of it. Start using the above services and youƳll see your stress levels drop. 31. What will people first do to enjoy Meal kit delivery services? A. To check out some options. B. To pop your meal in the oven. C. To confirm the exact number of people. D. To follow the simple recipe to put them together. 32. What do the three Modern Services have in common? A. They can help people save money. B. All the Modern Services are top-level. C. They can make people easily enjoy their lives. D. Young people show their preference for the three Modern Services. 英语试卷　 第 5　　　　 页(共 12 页) 33. Where is the passage most likely to be taken from? A. A magazine. B. A book review. C. A novel. D. A guidebook. B Last summer, Katie Steller pulled off the freeway on her way to work in Minneapolis. She stopped at a traffic light, where a man was sitting with a sign asking for help. She rolled down her window. “Hey!” she shouted. “IƳm driving around giving free haircuts. If I go grab my chair, do you want one right now?” The man looked to be in his 60s. He was balding, and missing a few teeth. As Steller liked to tell the story, he laughed, then paused. “Actually,” he said, “I have a funeral to go to this week. I was really hoping to get a haircut. ” Steller pulled out a red chair from her car and helped the man cut his hair immediately. After the work was finished, Edward looked in a mirror. “I look good!” he said. Until last year, Steller had given such haircuts to people living on the margins(边缘) around the city. She was keenly aware of the power of her cleanup job. “ItƳs more than a haircut,” she said. “I want it to be a gateway, to show value and respect, but also to get to know people. I want to build relationships. ” Steller knew that a haircut could change a life. One changed hers: As a teen, she suffered from a severe disease, her hair thinned drastically. Seeing this, her mother arranged for StellerƳs first professional haircut. “To sit down and have somebody look at me and talk to me like a person and not just an illness, it helped me feel cared about and less alone,” she said. After that, Steller knew she wanted to have her own salon so she could help people feel the way sheƳd felt that day. Not long after finishing cosmetology school in 2009, she began what she now calls her Red Chair Project, reaching out to people on the streets. Her aim was that by doing some kind acts, others would be inspired to spread their own. “Part of what broke my heart was just how lonely people looked,” she said. “I thought maybe IƳd go around and ask if people want free haircuts. I canƳt fix their problems, but maybe I can help them feel less alone for a moment. ” It all began with a belief in simple acts of kindness, such as a free haircut. “The way you show up in the world matters,” said Steller. “You have no idea what people are going to do with the kindness that you give them. ” 英语试卷　 第 6　　　　 页(共 12 页) 34. How did Steller react to the manƳs asking for help? A. She paid no attention. B. She offered a free haircut to him. C. She sent a red chair to him as a present. D. She told an interesting story to make him happy. 35. What did Steller mean by saying “ItƳs more than a haircut” in paragraph 6? A. She thought it was a respectable job. B. She had found more advantages for the job. C. She considered haircut as a way to make friends. D. She hoped her job could make a difference to others. 36. What did Steller expect from Red Chair Project? A. To earn a lot of money. B. To know more people. C. To pass down the kindness. D. To make herself stand out. 37. What would be the best title for the passage? A. A Cut Above. B. A Beautiful Salon. C. The Good Belief. D. The Miracle of Love. C Why is poverty so difficult to overcome? Why are poorer people less likely to invest in their own learning and ability development, but more likely to be addicted to television and video games? In the past, a poor person was normally considered to have bad character or have no ambition. Banerjee corrects such views and explains the economics behind the poor. Poor people tend to live with more worries in their lives, he said, so they need tools such as televisions, cell phones, junk food and video games to relieve worries more than others. But investment in learning often takes a long time to get rewards, while the poor are often impatient due to economic reasons, and their life in the meantime is getting more worrisome and boring. That goes for health. Banerjee and his wife find that the poor spend the same amount of money and time, or even more on health and medical care than the middle class group, but they tend to get bad effects. The reason is that the poor often lack the essential medical and healthy knowledge and they tend to get medical treatment when the disease has worsened to a certain stage. Besides, they tend to trust the doctors who “give strong medicine” because they believe such doctors are the 英语试卷　 第 7　　　　 页(共 12 页) “good ” ones. But in fact, “ strong medicine ” always leads to resistance to drugs and overtreatment. This kind of attitude, which emphasizes treatment rather than early prevention, has brought many poor people more economic stress and physical damage, and even has affected the education of their next generation. According to the study, children in poorer physical condition tend to spend less time in school and have lower incomes after graduation, so poverty gets “inherited”. When it comes to finance, BanerjeeƳs research has found that the poor often need to borrow little and short-term loans while paying extremely high interest rates. It is also because the poor tend to take higher financial risks — they often have unstable incomes and are unable to get working capital from banks, so they rely more on these high-interest loans. And these small loans put a brake on their savings against risks. How could the poor step into the middle class? Maybe starting a business is a way out. But for the extremely poor, itƳs impossible to get the capital they need to start a business. In most cases, a more practical option is getting a job in government agencies because comparatively speaking, government jobs are very stable, which give the poor the opportunities to be hired for the long term, to increase the range of their thinking and thus enabling families to move from poverty to the middle class. BanerjeeƳs research provides a new perspective for governments to understand poverty, so that policies can be tailored to decrease poverty and ultimately eliminate(消除) it. 38. How do the poor deal with the issue of health? A. They spend less money in preventing disease. B. They focus more on the diseases than early prevention. C. They usually think it essential to resist strong medicine. D. They are willing to get free medical treatment from the government. 39. From the underlined sentence, we can learn that . A. poverty is produced by the poor B. poverty is passed down by their parents C. poverty has some bad effects on the poor D. poverty causes people to bear more economic stress 40. Banerjee considers it difficult to overcome poverty because . A. the poor have bad character or have no ambition B. the poor prefer to invest in business rather than work C. the government hasnƳt taken proper and effective measure D. the poor were troubled by their lives, health and finance 英语试卷　 第 8　　　　 页(共 12 页) 41. What can we learn from the passage? A. The poor have attached importance to education. B. The government canƳt provide the jobs for the poor. C. All the poor need to start a business for their survival. D. BanerjeeƳs research is helpful for the government to rid of poverty. D AI can identify rare genetic disorders People with genetic syndromes(基因遗传综合症) sometimes have revealing facial features, but using them to make a quick and cheap diagnosis can be tricky when there are hundreds of possible conditions they may have. A new neural(神经的) network that analyses photographs of faces can help doctors narrow down the possibilities. Gurovich at biotechnology firm FDNA in Boston and his team built a neural network to look at the gestalt(形态) — or overall impression of faces and return a list of the 10 genetic syndromes a person is most likely to have. They trained the neural network, called DeepGestalt, on 17,000 images correctly labeled to correspond to more than 200 genetic syndromes. The team then asked the AI to identify potential genetic disorders from a further 502 photographs of people with such conditions. It included the correct answer among its list of 10 responses 91 per cent of the time. Gurovich and his team also tested the AIƳs ability to distinguish between different genetic mutations (突变) that can lead to the same syndrome. They used images of people with Noonan syndrome, which can result from mutations in one of five genes. DeepGestalt accurately identified the genetic source of the physical appearance 64 per cent of the time. “ItƳs clearly not perfect,” says Gurovich. “But itƳs still much better than humans are at trying to do this. ” As the system makes its assessments, the facial regions that were most helpful in the determination are highlighted and made available for doctors to view. This helps them to understand the relationships between genetic make-up and physical appearance. The fact that the diagnosis is based on a simple photograph raises questions of privacy. If faces can reveal details about genetics, then employers and insurance providers could, in principle, secretly use such techniques to discriminate against people with a high probability of having certain disorders. However, Gurovich says the tool will only be available to doctors. Christoffer Nellaker at the University of Oxford says this technique could bring significant benefits for those with genetic 英语试卷　 第 9　　　　 页(共 12 页) syndromes. “This is not fundamentally different information than weƳre sharing walking down the street, or weƳre happy to share with Facebook or Google,” he says. “But questioning the data in this way means you can obtain information about health or disease status. ” “The real value here is that for some of these extreme rare diseases, the process of diagnosis can be many, many years. This kind of technology can help narrow down the search space and then be confirmed through checking genetic markers,” he says. For some diseases,this kind of technology will cut down the time to diagnose thoroughly. For others, it could perhaps add a means of finding other people with the disease and, in turn, help find new treatments or cures. 42. What is the purpose of GurovichƳs neural network? A. To test the AIƳs ability. B. To analyze photographs of faces. C. To help doctors reduce the range of the diagnosis. D. To research the overall impression of patientsƳ faces. 43. What disadvantage does Deep Gestalt bring? A. It will probably involve in the peopleƳs privacy. B. It cannot provide information about health or disease. C. The diagnosis based on a simple photograph is not accurate. D. It could perhaps add a means of finding other people with the disease. 44. What can we learn from the passage? A. The result of the assessments for this system is perfect. B. Deep Gestalt can correctly label 200 genetic syndromes. C. It seems doubtful to use AI to distinguish genetic mutations. D. This kind of technology can speed up the diagnostic process. 45. What is the authorƳs attitude to this technique? A. Supportive. B. Puzzled. C. Doubtful. D. Negative. 第二节(共 5 小题;每小题 2 分,共 10 分) 根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项 为多余选项。 The World Water Day has been celebrated annually on 22 March since1992. Each year has a different theme, looking at things like the role of clean water in the world of work, ways to stop wasting water, finding ways to supply water to underprivileged groups and so on. 英语试卷　 第10　　　 页(共 12 页) 　 　 46 　 　 But it is also vital for sanitation ( 卫 生). It is estimated that more than 700 children under the age of seven die every day from illnesses linked to unsafe water and poor sanitation. The right to water and sanitation was recognized as a human right. 　 　 47 　 　 These include rural communities, people who have been displaced due to war and local conflicts and areas where climate change is making water more and more scarcer. Apart from the obvious health issues, a lack of accessible clean water means that people — often women and children — spend hours every day walking to and from distant water supplies. This means they donƳt have time to dedicate to work, studies and other domestic duties. 　 　 48 　 　 And people who are not able to walk to get their own water are particularly vulnerable. There are many charities working on creating sustainable supplies of clean water for different communities around the world. 　 　 49 　 　 But the fundamental problem of increasing demand for a limited resource can only be addressed by more efficient use of water, especially in industry and agriculture. Waste-water recycling, capturing rainwater, more efficient irrigation techniques and reforestation are all examples of how water can be used more efficiently. 　 　 50 　 　 We should support charities, raise awareness, take part in the World Water Day events that are happening all around the world and, of course, be careful with how we use water in our own lives. Visit the UN World Water Day website to find out about an event near us. Follow world water day on social media and help spread the word about this incredibly important issue. A. Clean drinking water is fundamental. B. As individuals, what can we do to help the issue? C. The search for water becomes their main occupation. D. This important work needs to continue and to expand. E. Every living cell in the body needs water to keep functioning. F. In normal conditions, the human body can only survive three or four days without water. G. However, there are still at least 2. 1 billion people around the world living without safe water. 英语试卷　 第11　　　 页(共 12 页) 第三部分　 书面表达(共两节,满分 35 分) 第一节(15 分) 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,你的美国朋友 Jim 对北京的历史文化感兴趣。 你校 暑假期间将为交换生组织“ Knowing Beijing” 游览活动,请你写信邀请 Jim 来参加。 内容 包括: 1. 时间安排; 2. 活动内容; 3. 邀请参加。 注意:1. 词数不少于 50; 2. 开头和结尾已经给出,不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, 　 　 　 Yours, Li Hua (请务必将书面表达写在答题卡指定区域内) 英语试卷　 第12　　　 页(共 12 页) 第二节(20 分) 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。 请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序,用英语写一篇短文 向校刊“英语园地” 投稿,记述你班上周组织主题为“ 平安校园” 法制教育系列活动的全 过程。 注意:词数不少于 60。 提示词:平安校园 Safe Campus　 法律意识 legal awareness