2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit1Friendship单元学案（15页） 15页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit1Friendship单元学案 第一部分 单元词汇 第一节 英文释义、习惯搭配和知识拓展 ‎1. survey n. 调查；vt. 调查 英文释义1 a set of questions that you ask a large number of people in order to find out their opinions or behaviour ‎ 英文释义2 to ask a number of people questions in order to find out their opinions or behaviour 习惯搭配 do / carry out / conduct a survey of sth 调查某事 ‎2. add up 合计 英文释义 to calculate the total of several numbers 习惯搭配 add sth to sth 把……加到……上;add to 增添；add up to 加起来总计 ‎3. upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的；vt. （upset, upset) 使不安；使心烦 英文释义1 unhappy and worried because something unpleasant or disappointing has happened 英文释义2 to make someone feel unhappy or worried 习惯搭配 be upset about: be worried about 对……不安；担心 ‎4. ignore vt .不理睬；忽视 英文释义 to pay no attention to sth. or sb.; to pretend that you have not seen sb 习惯搭配 ignore speed limits 不理睬限速；ignorethe facts 忽视事实；ignorethe traffic lights忽视交通灯；ignoreone`s advice 不理会某人建议；ignorepersonal danger 不顾个人危险 ‎5. calm vt. & vi. （使）平静；（使）镇定 adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的 英文释义1 to make someone or something quiet and more relaxed after strong emotion or excitement.‎ 英文释义2 quiet and without excitement, nervous activity or strong feeling 英文释义3 of the sea-without large waves 习惯搭配 keep calm 保持平静 ‎6. have got to do sth不得不；必须 英文释义 have to do sth ‎7. concern vt. （使）担忧；涉及；关系到 n. 担心；关注 ；（利害）关系 英文释义1 to make someone feel worried or upset ‎ 英文释义2 to involve sb; be about 英文释义3 worry, anxiety especially about something such as a social problem, someone`s health 习惯搭配 be concerned with和……有关系；as far as I am concerned 就我个人而言；express one`s concern about 表达对某事的关注 ‎8. walk the dog 遛狗 英文释义 to take a dog for a walk ‎.......‎ 第二节 构词变化 ‎1. ignore vt.; 不理睬；忽视；ignorant adj. 无知的; 不学无术的; ignorance n. 无知；愚昧 ‎2. concern vt.（使）担忧；涉及；关系到; concerning prep关于 ‎3.outdoors adv. 在户外，在野外；outdoor adj. 户外的; 野外的；indoors adv. 在室内; indoor adj. 室内的 ‎......‎ 第二部分 课文重点短语、句型和长难句解析 第一节 课文重点短语 ‎1. be good to sb =be friendly to sb=be kind to sb 对某人友好（P1)‎ 知识拓展 be good for sb 对某人有好处 be bad for sb 对某人有坏处 ‎2. do the following survey 做下面的调查（P1)‎ 知识拓展 do a survey of population growth 调查人口增长（P1)‎ ‎3. add up your score 加起来你的分数（P1)‎ 知识拓展 add up the bills把账单加起来；add to the trouble增添了麻烦；add to much fun增加了乐趣; add the name to the list给名单上添个名字; add some wood to the fire給火堆里添柴; add some salt to the pot给锅里放盐（P1)‎ ‎4. another time下次; another day改天（P1)‎ ‎5. say no to sb 拒绝某人（P1)‎ 知识拓展 say yes to sb 同意某人；say goodbye to sb 向某人告别（P1)‎ ‎.....‎ 第二节 句型及长难句简单解析 ‎1. You want to see a very interesting film with your friend, but your friend can`t go until he finishes cleaning his bicycle. （本句为but引导的并列句。but后的分句是not...until 引导的时间状语从句)（P1)‎ ‎2. When he/she borrowed it last time, he / she broke it and you had to pay to get it repaired.‎ ‎（get sth done=have sth. done 使某事被做；过去分词作宾语补足语）（P1)‎ ‎3. You will let your friend borrow it, but tell him / her that if the camera is broken again, he/she will have to pay to get it repaired. （本句为but引导的并列句。but后的分句是that 引导的宾语从句，宾语从句是由if引导的条件状语从句，即划线部分)（P1)‎ ‎4. Your friend comes to school very upset.（划线部分作主语补足语）（P1)‎ ‎5. While walking the dog,you were careless.=While you were walking the dog, you were careless.（现在分词作时间状语，逻辑主语是主句的主语）（P1)‎ ‎......‎ 第二部分 单元综合知识运用 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 话题 词数 建议用时 童年时期的友谊 ‎409‎ ‎8分钟 ‎　　(2018·郑州高三一模)Research shows that childhood friendships are important indicators of future success and social adjustment. Children's relationships with peers (同龄人) strongly influence their success in school, and children with fewer friends are more at risk of dropping out of school, becoming depressed and other ‎ problems.‎ Making and Keeping Friends Is More than Child's Play When 6yearold Rachel returned to school on a recent Monday morning, her eyes immediately scanned the playground for her friend Abbie. “Though they were only separated by a weekend，the girls ran right into each other's arms and hugged，” recalls Rachel's mother Kathryn Willis of Gilbert. “It was like a scene from a movie.” ‎ Most parents instinctively (本能地) know that having friends is good for their children. Experts agree that friendship is not simply child's play，but a powerful predictor of social adjustment throughout life.‎ A Skill for Life ‎“Childhood friendships serve as a very important training ground for adulthood，” says Dr.Robbie AdlerTapia，psychologist with the Center for Children's Health & Life Development at the East Valley Family Resource Center.‎ Researcher William Hartup states，“Peer relations contribute significantly to both social and cognitive (认知的) development.” Hartup concludes that the single best childhood predictor of adult social adaptation is not school grades or classroom behavior，but rather，how well a child gets along with other children.‎ The work of Arizona State University professor of Developmental Psychology Gary Ladd proves that just as being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids while the lack of friends is detrimental.‎ Good Friendships Don't Just Happen Experts agree that it is essential for children to establish highquality friendships. But，researchers warn，these friendships don't necessarily just ‎ happen. Often，a good friendship begins with involved parents.‎ Psychologist Dr.Lynne Kenney Markan believes kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading.‎ Bad Company Many parents worry about the quality as well as the quantity of their children's friendships. “When she was in first grade, her supposed ‘best friend’ began calling her names and threatening to hurt her，” says Mindy Miller. “My daughter wasn't allowed to talk to or even look at other girls in her class. It really crushed her spirit. I told my daughter she didn't need a ‘friend’ like that.”‎ ‎“I'll bend over backwards (拼命) to help my son get together with a friend I think is good for him，” AdlerTapia says. “I don't look at it as manipulation (操纵), just positive parental involvement.”‎ 语篇解读：研究表明，童年时期的友谊对孩子的将来有着非常重要的意义。‎ ‎1．The example of Rachel and Abbie is used to indicate that________.‎ A．childhood friendship is of great significance to their growth B．a positive friendship helps children solve emotional and physical problems C．it is a proven fact that peer friendship is the most rewarding experience throughout life D．Rachel missed her friend Abbie very much because of their separation of one weekend 解析：‎ 选A　细节理解题。文中六岁的Rachel与她的朋友Abbie之间的友谊印证了本部分的标题“Making and Keeping Friends Is More than Child's Play”，再结合文章首句可知应选A项。‎ ‎2．The underlined word “detrimental” could be replaced by“________”．‎ A．aggressive　　　　　　　 B．disappointing C．ridiculous D．harmful 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据文中的“The work of Arizona ... while the lack of friends is detrimental.”可知，“while”表示对比，“detrimental”与前面的“beneficial”相对应。‎ ‎3．We can learn from the passage that highquality friendship most probably results from________.‎ A．social skills and good study habits B．school grades and classroom behaviors C．academic success and social adaptation D．positive parental involvement and social skills 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据“Good Friendships Don't Just Happen”中的“a good friendship begins with involved parents”与“kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading”可知，D项正确。‎ ‎4．From the last paragraph we can conclude that Dr.Robbie AdlerTapia agrees that________.‎ A．parents should regard making friends as something that just happens B．it's wise for parents to support and encourage healthy peer relationships C．parents only need to help their children to cope with difficult ‎ social situations D．parents are supposed to encourage their children to make as many friends as they can 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章的最后一句可推知，父母应该在孩子交友的问题上给予指导，避免其受到不良影响，因此选B。‎ B 话题 词数 建议用时 人际关系有利于心理健康 ‎271‎ ‎6分钟 ‎　　(2018·河南洛阳一中第一次月考) Recently a man came to me, because he was told that there is fluid (积液) around his heart. After trying many drugs which were of no use to reduce the fluid, the doctor told him the only other choice was to have an operation. He refused because he knew that every illness has a mental cause and that if he had the operation but did not clear the mental cause, the fluid would return. At last, he searched the Internet to find a psychologist (心理专家), and he found me.‎ The mental cause of his disease was an experience of breaking up five years ago with several friends, whom he had known for over twenty years. This experience broke his heart. Not knowing how to “mend” his broken heart, his body created a “repair” by surrounding his heart with fluid to protect it from the sad feelings.‎ Much of our work was done to make him recognize the feelings of being loved and forgiving his friends. Months later, his heart was mended and the fluid disappeared. He left my office after the final meeting with a smile on his face.‎ The key is: to create a healthy body, you must be healthy not only in body, but also in mind.‎ To be mentally healthy, you need to build up strong relationships. Creating strong relationships will make it certain that you are living together in a network of loving persons. It is important for building a support system that lifts your spirits. Even when you are alone, you will not feel lonely or upset. Strong relationships are not spaceships — they are not hard to build.‎ 语篇解读：本文通过叙述一个病人的经历，告诉我们：心理健康对于身体健康也是非常有必要的，为了心理健康，你需要建立牢固的人际关系。‎ ‎5．In order to cure his illness, which of the following ways did the patient try?‎ ‎①taking many medicines　②having an operation　③seeing a mentality doctor　④visiting different doctors A．②③ B．①③‎ C．①②③ D．①②③④‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“After trying many drugs which were of no use to reduce the fluid ... At last, he searched the Internet to find a psychologist (心理专家), and he found me.”可知，病人吃了很多药，后来还找了心理专家。故选B。‎ ‎6．The underlined word “It” in Paragraph 5 refers to “________”．‎ A．a mentally healthy body B．a repaired heart C．a network of loving persons D．a support system 解析：选C　代词指代题。根据文章最后一段中的“To be mentally healthy ... you are living together in a network of loving persons.”可知，为了心理健康，你需要建立牢固的人际关系，这将确保你生活在一个充满爱心的人的网络中。所以，“It”指代“a network of loving persons”‎ ‎。故选C。‎ ‎7．What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A．Loving others will keep you in good spirits.‎ B．Heart illness can be cured without operation.‎ C．Creating strong relationships will keep you healthy.‎ D．Mental health is necessary for physical health.‎ 解析：选D　主旨大意题。根据作者通过一个病人康复的例子和第四段内容以及最后一段中的“To be mentally healthy, you need to build up strong relationships.”可知，心理健康对于身体健康是非常有必要的。故选D。‎ ‎8．If this passage is continued with another paragraph, what would it be probably about?‎ A．How to build strong relationships.‎ B．How to protect your heart.‎ C．How to keep healthy mentally.‎ D．How to live a healthy life.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。文章说为了心理健康，你需要建立牢固的人际关系，根据最后一句“Strong relationships are not spaceships — they are not hard to build.”说“牢固的人际关系不难建造”可知，下文应该会介绍如何建立良好的人际关系。故选A。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2018·太原市高三第一次模拟)Last autumn, I took a sightseeing trip to Paris. I walked in the street __1__ I heard a voice say, “Can you help me？” Turning around, I __2__ an elderly blind woman with her hand extended. In a natural __3__， I reached into my pocket, pulled out all of my change and placed it on her hand without even looking at her. I ‎ was __4__ at being bothered by a beggar. But the blind woman smiled and said, “I don't want your __5__， and I just need help to find the post office.”‎ Immediately, I __6__ what I had done. I acted with prejudice — I __7__ another person simply by what I thought she was. I hated what I saw in __8__.‎ The thing I have forgotten about myself is that I am a(n) __9__. I left Honduras for the U．S. at the age of 15. I __10__ my new life with two suitcases, my brother and my sister, and a strongminded mother. Through the years, I have been a dishwasher, a doorkeeper and a pizza delivery driver among many other humble jobs. __11__ I became a network engineer.‎ In my own life, I have experienced many open acts of __12__. At the age of 17, I worked as a __13__， and I heard a father tell his little boy that if he did not take school __14__， he would end up like me.‎ But now, living my American middleclass lifestyle, it is too __15__ to forget my past, to __16__ who I am and where I have been, and to __17__ sight of where I want to go. But that blind woman __18__ me of my blindness and helped keep my eyes and heart __19__. By the way, I helped the old lady to the post office. I hope to __20__ her for the priceless lesson.‎ 语篇解读：面对向“我”求助的一位双目失明的老妇人，“我”想当然地把她当作乞丐而给予施舍，但她只想让“我”告诉她去邮局的路。这次经历给“我”上了宝贵的一课——不要用带有偏见的眼光去判断他人。‎ ‎1．A.while　　　　　　　　　 B．as C．until D．when 解析：选D　由语境可知，“我”在街上走着，这时听到一个声音。when意为“在……时”。注意：while所引导的时间状语从句中，动词只能是延续性的。‎ ‎2．A.knew B．saw C．heard D．recognized 解析：选B　转过身，“我”看到了一位失明的老妇人伸着手。‎ ‎3．A.reaction B．state C．situation D．scenery 解析：选A　作为一种自然的反应，“我”把手伸到口袋里拿出了所有的零钱放到她手里。‎ ‎4．A.excited B．annoyed C．embarrassed D．amused 解析：选B　被一个乞丐打扰，“我”感到很生气。‎ ‎5．A.help B．advice C．money D．food 解析：选C　此处是指老妇人想要的不是“我”的钱。‎ ‎6．A.learned B．accepted C．realized D．admitted 解析：选C　根据上下文可知，“我”立刻意识到“我”的行为是带有偏见的。‎ ‎7．A.trusted B．blamed C．doubted D．judged 解析：选D　由语境可知，“我”只是根据自己的想法去判断别人。‎ ‎8．A.herself B．myself C．them D．another 解析：选B　“我”讨厌在自己身上所看到的行为。‎ ‎9．A.stranger B．visitor C．engineer D．immigrant 解析：选D　根据空后的“I left Honduras for the U．S.”可知，“我”是个移民。‎ ‎10．A.started B．continued C．kept D．stopped 解析：选A　“我”在这里开始了“我”的新生活。‎ ‎11．A.Hopefully B．Naturally C．Obviously D．Eventually 解析：选D　由语境可知，这么多年来，“我”做了许多卑微的工作，最后终于成了一名网络工程师。‎ ‎12．A.appreciation B．kindness C．prejudice D．pride 解析：选C　根据下文的例子可知，“我”受到过很多人对“我”的偏见。‎ ‎13．A.businessman B．waiter C．leader D．lawyer 解析：选B　有个父亲告诉他的儿子：如果在学校不好好读书，结局将会像“我”一样。结合四个选项可知，选B项。‎ ‎14．A.seriously B．quickly C．carelessly D．fortunately 解析：选A　他如果不认真学习，他的结局会像“我”一样。take sth. seriously“认真对待某事”。‎ ‎15．A.regretful B．late C．easy D．difficult 解析：选C　“我”现在过着美国式中产阶级的富足生活，很容易忘记过去。‎ ‎16．A.forget B．remember C．imagine D．feel 解析：选A　此处重复了前面的forget，指忘记了自己是谁，曾经在哪里。‎ ‎17．A.catch B．lose C．miss D．confuse 解析：选B　lose sight of“忽略，忘记，看不见”。‎ ‎18．A.warned B．informed C．accused D．cured 解析：选D　但是那个失明的老妇人治愈了“我”的“失明”。cure sb. of sth.“治愈某人的……”。‎ ‎19．A.open B．quiet C．clean D．warm 解析：选A　她让“我”睁开了眼睛，打开了“我”的心门。‎ ‎20．A.persuade B．praise C．thank D．admire 解析：选C　“我”感谢她给“我”上了如此宝贵的一课。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2018·石家庄一模)I remember the occasion when mother sent me to the main road, about twenty yards away from our house, to invite a passing group of seasonal workseekers for a meal. She__1__(instruct) me to take a basket along and collect dry cow dung (牛粪) for making a ‎ fire. I was then to prepare the meal for the group of workseekers.‎ ‎__2__ thought of making an open fire outside at midday，and___3__(cook)in a large threelegged pot in that intense heat, was sufficient to upset even an angel. I did not manage to hide my feelings from my mother and, after serving the group, she called me to the veranda (走廊)__4__ she usually sat to attend to her sewing and knitting.‎ ‎__5__ (look) straight into my eyes, she asked “Why did you get angry___6__ I requested you to prepare a meal for those poor people？”___7__ my attempt to deny her blame, using the heat of the fire and the sun as an excuse for my rude behavior, mother gave me a firm look，__8__(say), “You cannot detect what trouble may lie ahead of you.”‎ I__9__ (sudden) realized that if I had refused to offer this group of people a meal，__10__ would be impossible that in my travels some time in the future，I would get these individuals' help.‎ 语篇解读：小时候，母亲让“我”到我们家附近的路上邀请那些找季节性工作的人来“我”家吃午饭。“我”还得捡干牛粪生火。看到“我”一脸的不悦，母亲批评了“我”一顿。“我”认识到，也许有一天，“我”会需要这些人的帮助。‎ ‎1．instructed　本空在主语后作谓语动词，整篇文章主体时态用的是一般过去时，因此应填动词的过去式。‎ ‎2．The　本空在名词前，填定冠词The，表示特指。‎ ‎3．cooking　由空格前的and可知，本空与前面的短语“making an open fire outside at midday”并列，作介词of的宾语，因此填cooking。‎ ‎4．where　空格处引导定语从句，先行词为the veranda，关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此填关系副词where。‎ ‎5．Looking　本空应填现在分词Looking，作状语，表示伴随状况。母亲直视着“我”的眼睛，问“我”为什么因帮助别人而闷闷不乐。‎ ‎6．when　根据句意可知，空格处需填连词when，引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。‎ ‎7．Despite　结合语境可知，此处填介词Despite“尽管，不管”。‎ ‎8．saying　say与mother之间存在主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，表示伴随状况。‎ ‎9．suddenly　空格在动词前，应填副词suddenly作状语，修饰动词。‎ ‎10．it　代词it用作形式主语，后面的that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。‎