2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1GreatScientists单元学案设计（31页含有答案及解析） 32页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Great Scientists单元学案设计 ‎1. 了解科学家如何以探索、钻研、无畏的科研精神验证未知的科学真理。‎ ‎2. 感悟科学家周密观察、勇于探索、认真分析的科学精神，了解科学发现的全过程具有其科学的严密性。‎ Do you know the characteristics of radium? Do you know who put forward the scientific conclusion of its usage? Who analyzed the special material? Who defeated a kind of deadly disease exposed to the neighbourhood? An expert or a physician? Who would like to attend to the patients and challenge the severe disease? Who would like to handle the terrible situations? Were they afraid to be victims? I am absorbed in the stories of famous people. They may be suspected to be mad men. They themselves couldn't foresee the future. They may be blamed for doing something crazy. But they link their life to the world. They hope to make contributions to the world. Apart from their positive attitude, their enthusiastic dream instructed themselves to be constructors. They were strict with themselves. They were cautious. ‎ They hoped to start the movement to do something for mankind. Their efforts made sense at last. Their construction work wasn't rejected. In fact, their work was announced to be great. ‎ ‎1. put forward 提出 ‎2. defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫n. 失败 ‎3. attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加 ‎4. expose...to 使显露；暴露 ‎ ‎5. cure n. 治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗 ‎ ‎6. challenge n. 挑战 vt. 向……挑战 ‎7. blame vt. 责备；谴责 n. 过失；责备 ‎8. pollute vt. 污染；弄脏 ‎9. contribute vt. & vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助 ‎ 我完全被这些名人的经历所吸引。‎ I am absorbed in the stories of famous people.‎ ‎★radium n. 镭 ‎★characteristic adj. 特有的；独特的 n．特性，特征；性质 ‎★scientific adj. 科学的 ‎★conclude vt. & vi. 结束；推断出 ‎★analyse vt. 分析 ‎ ‎★expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的 n．专家；行家 ‎★expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光 ‎★victim n. 受害者 ‎★absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心 ‎★suspect vt. 怀疑 n. 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯 ‎ ‎★neighbourhood n. 附近；邻近 ‎★severe adj. 严重的；剧烈的；严厉的 ‎ ‎★foresee vt. 预见；预知 ‎★handle n. 柄；把手 vt. 处理；操纵 ‎★link vt. & n. 连接；联系 ‎ ‎★announce vt. 宣布；通知 ‎★instruct vt. 命令；指示；教导 ‎★construct vt. 建设；修建 ‎ ‎★apart from 除……之外；此外 ‎ ‎★positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的 ‎★(be) strict with...对……严格的 ‎ ‎★make sense 讲得通；有意义 ‎ ‎★enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的 ‎★cautious adj. 小心的；谨慎的 ‎★reject vt. 拒绝；不接受；抛 ‎ ‎★conclusion n. 结论；结束 ‎ ‎★physician n. 医生；内科医师 ‎★construction n. 建设；建筑物 ‎★movement n. 移动；运动；动作 一、重点单词需牢记 ‎1. conclude vt. & vi. 结束；推断出 ‎ conclude sth. with sth./by doing sth. 以……结束 conclude sth.(from sth.) that...(从……)推断出，断定 He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan. ‎ 他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。‎ ‎ conclusion n. 结论；结束 draw/reach/arrive at/come to a conclusion 得出结论 come to the conclusion that... 所得结论是……‎ in conclusion 最后 ‎ I've come to the conclusion that he is not the right person for the job. ‎ 我断定他不适合做这项工作。 ‎ ‎2. defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫；使(计划、希望) 落空n.失败 I've tried to solve the problem, but it defeats me!‎ 我想解决这问题，但却被难倒了。 ‎ defeat，beat，win与overcome defeat和beat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜，打败(对手)”，后接竞争对手。如defeat/beat the competitor/the country/the team...打败对手/国家/团队……；‎ win也表示“战胜，赢得”，但它的宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表示尊重、崇拜之类意义的词，win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/a medal/success/friendship/reward...赢得比赛/战役/战争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/成功/友谊/奖赏……‎ overcome意为“克服，战胜”，既可用于战斗或任何竞赛，又可用于感情、习惯等方面，强调压倒或胜过。‎ ‎3. attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加 attend school/college上学/大学 attend a lecture/meeting听讲座/出席会议 attend a wedding/ceremony出席婚礼/参加典礼 attend to处理；照顾 ‎ Which doctor is attending you? 哪个医生为你看病？‎ He has to attend (on) his sick son.他不得不照顾生病的儿子。‎ He has a great deal to attend to today.他今天有许多事要处理。‎ ‎4. expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光 ‎ expose...to 使显露；暴露 expose sth. to sb. 向某人揭发某事 be exposed to 暴露于……，处于……危险中 Being exposed to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin. ‎ 暴露在阳光下太久对皮肤有害。‎ The fact that children are exposed to too many violent online games worries parents nowadays as well as the society. ②他向公众揭露了毒奶粉事件的真相。‎ It is reported that he __exposed__ the truth of the milk poisoning incident __to__ the public. ‎ 孩子们接触到太多的暴力网络游戏，这一事实使现在的家长和社会尤为担心。‎ ‎ 5. challenge n. 挑战 vt. 向……挑战 accept/take/face a challenge 应战 ‎ meet the challenge 满足要求；完成任务 ‎ challenge sb. to do sth. 向某人挑战做某事 He received a challenge to a TV debate. ‎ 他接到电视辩论的挑战。‎ Nowadays no one will challenge the fact that the earth is round. ‎ 现在没有人会对地球是圆的这一事实提出异议。 ‎ challenging adj. 具有挑战性的；激发人们思考的 challenged adj. 受到挑战的 ‎6. absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心；理解，掌握 absorb sth. (into...) 吸收……‎ absorb oneself in (＝be absorbed in) 全神贯注于……‎ The banks would be forced to absorb large losses. 银行将被迫承受巨大的损失。‎ I keep the lesson simple because small kids can't absorb that much. ‎ 我把课讲得很简单，因为小孩子理解不了那么多。 ‎ absorbed adj.聚精会神的；专心致志的 be absorbed by/into...被……吞并；被……所吸收 be absorbed/buried in全神贯注于；专心于 You could tell he was absorbed in his conversation, not paying much attention to the road. ‎ 可以看出，他当时光顾着说话而没有注意到路上的情况。‎ ‎7. blame vt. 责备；谴责；把……归咎于n. 过失；责备 ‎ blame sb. for sth. 因某事而责备某人 blame sth. on sb. 把某事怪到某人头上 be to blame (for...) 应承担责任；该受责备(用主动形式表被动意义)‎ get/accept/bear/take the blame for... 对……负责 lay/put the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人身上 Police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving.‎ 警方把事故归咎于危险驾驶。‎ Mr. Green said that he was not the one to blame. ‎ 格林先生说他不是该受谴责的人。‎ ‎8. contribute vt. & vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助；引起，导致；有助于 ‎ contribute...to... 把……贡献给……；向……投稿 contribute to＋n./v.－ing 导致……；有助于……‎ Eating too much fat can contribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.‎ 摄入太多的脂肪会导致心脏病和高血压的发生。‎ ‎ ‎ contribution n. 贡献；捐款；稿件 make a contribution to... 对……做出贡献 ‎ 二、重点短语需精通 ‎1. put forward 提出；推荐；把(钟表等) 拨快；将……提前出 ‎ Who put forward a theory about black hole? ‎ 谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？‎ They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.‎ 他们将婚礼日期提前了一周。‎ 表示“提出”的及物短语有come up with和bring up，不及物短语有come up。‎ put aside把……放在一边；储存……以备用；不考虑 put away把……放好；储存……以备用；处理掉 put down放下；评定；制止；卸下；降低 put off推迟；阻止；脱掉；使分心；关掉 put on把……放在……上；穿上；装出；增加；上演 ‎ put out放出；生产；发布；熄灭；困扰；麻烦 put up举起；进行；建造；接待；张贴；暂住 put up with/bear/stand/tolerate容忍；忍受 put through接通电话；完成；使经受 put in 插话；添上 ‎2. link...to... 将……和……联系或连接起来 link A to/with B 把A与B相连 link up连接起来 ‎ link，join，connect，combine与unite link指不同事物间的联系。常用be linked with。‎ join指的是任何事物的直接连接，有“还能分开”之意。‎ connect指的是通过某种媒介物把事物连接起来。 ‎ combine着重指为了共同的目的而结合在一起。‎ unite强调紧密地结合成一体，含“极难分开”之意。‎ ‎3. apart from 除……之外；此外 ‎ Apart from the regular housing，almost every tribe had some style of housing. 　‎ 除了常规的房舍，每个部落都有自己的一些建筑风格。‎ Apart from criminal investigation techniques, students learn forensic medicine, philosophy and logic. ‎ 除罪案调查技巧外，学生们还要学习法医学、哲学和逻辑学。‎ The room was empty apart from one man seated beside the fire. ‎ 除了有个男人坐在火炉边，房间里空荡荡的。 ‎ ‎★besides 意为“除了……之外，还有……”，指“在整体中加入一部分”；‎ ‎★except 指从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体中除去一部分；‎ ‎★except for指对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定，起部分修正主要意思的作用；表示非同类事物间进行比较；置于句首，④‎ 姑且不论价格，这件衣服不适合我。‎ ‎__Apart__from/Besides/In__addition__to__ the cost, the dress doesn't suit me.‎ ‎⑤除了封面破了，它是本好书。 ‎ It is a good book, apart__from/except__for__ the torn cover. 表达except的含义；‎ ‎★apart from既可表示besides，也可以表示except或except for，还可以表示without的意思；‎ ‎★but 相当于except，但常用在不定代词或疑问词后；‎ ‎★in addition相当于副词besides，表示“另外”；in addition to相当于介词besides。‎ ‎4. make sense 讲得通；有意义 It makes sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control. ‎ 在失控前尽力解决这个问题，这么做是明智的。‎ make sense of 理解，明白 make no sense 没道理，没意义 There is no sense in doing sth. 做……没道理 in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说 in no sense 决不 Only when you read between the lines several times can you make sense of the main idea of this passage. ‎ 只有当你反复阅读字里行间的意思时才能理解这篇文章的大意。 ‎ 三、重点句式能熟用 ‎1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 每次爆发霍乱时，都有大批惊恐的老百姓病死。‎ every time是名词词组用作连词，引导一个时间状语从句，相当于whenever, 意思是“每当……的时候”。‎ Every time/Each time they met, they would talk long hours together.‎ 他们每次见面都会交谈很长时间。‎ ‎(1)名词词组作连词用，引导时间状语从句的还有：each time, any time，the last time，next time，the first time，the moment，the second，the minute，the hour，the day等。‎ ‎(2) 有些副词，如directly，instantly，immediately也可引导状语从句，表示“一……就……”。‎ In a pinstriped suit he instantly looked like a stuffed shirt. ‎ 穿上一套细条纹西装后，他马上就显得一本正经起来。‎ ‎2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有把太阳放在中心位置上，太空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。 ‎ 这是一个倒装句。“only＋状语从句”放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。‎ Only if you master unique skills can you get close to these creatures and catch them.只有掌握了绝招，你才可以靠近这些动物，捉住他们。 ‎ only if 只要，只有，通常引导陈述语气的真实条件句，是必要条件 if only 但愿，要是……就好了，常引导虚拟语气的条件句、感叹句 四、话题写作多积累 训练二十一：写组图——记叙文类 组图通常是给出一组图片，这组图片按照先后顺序呈现一件事情发生的过程，考生需要按照所给组图的先后顺序来描述事情发生的整个经过，中间可以适当发表个人观点和想法。 ‎ 第一步：明确写作任务。组图记叙类文章的体裁肯定是记叙文，而记叙文在写作中需要准确交代五个W和一个H，即What, Who, When, Where, Why, How。 ‎ 第二步：灵活安排写作顺序。记叙文的写作通常是按照事情发展的先后顺序来推进，但有时也可以采用倒叙、插叙等方式来进行写作。‎ 第三步：合理选择人称。一般来说，英语记叙文都是采用第一人称或第三人称来进行叙述。当作者把自己看作是整个事件的“参与者”，便可以采用第一人称进行叙述；第三人称则是作者从“旁观者”‎ 的角度出发来展开叙述。这样的叙述往往可以让人感觉到内容的客观性和真实性。对于重大事件的报道或者叙述他人的事迹时，往往采用第三人称。 ‎ 第四步：准确把握时态。记叙文通常采用一般过去时等与过去相关的时态，这也是近几年高考写作真题的特点。 ‎ 第一段：The story took place (时间和地点) ________．‎ 第二段：事件起因(要点一/图片一的内容) ________、事件发展(要点二、三……/图片二、三……的内容) ________、事件结局(最后一个要点/最后一张图片的内容) ________．‎ 第三段：From the story, I feel (自己的看法或感想) ________. ‎ ‎【例1】完成句子 ‎①从这些事实中你得出什么结论？‎ ‎__What__ do you __conclude__from__ the facts?‎ ‎②他以一句名言“有志者，事竟成”结束他的演讲。‎ He __concluded__his__speech__with__ a famous saying：Where there is a will，there is a way.‎ ‎③最后，我想向我的家人表示感谢。‎ ‎__In__conclusion,__I'd like to express my thanks to my family.‎ conclude by/with 以……结束 conclude by remarking 结束时说 conclude from experience 根据经验得出结论 conclude from the fact 从事实中得出结论，根据事实推断 ‎【例2】用beat、defeat、overcome或者win的适当形式填空 ‎①By not working hard enough you__defeated__your own purpose.‎ ‎②We have the courage to__overcome__ difficulties. ‎ ‎③Who is__beating__the drum?‎ ‎④He__won__the first prize in the writing contest.‎ ‎⑤When he__was__defeated,__he came down to earth.‎ ‎【例3】完成句子 ‎①他在这个领域很出名，今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座。‎ He's famous in this field, and thousands of fans will __attend__his__lecture__ this evening. ‎ ‎②稍后我们将关注这个问题。 ‎ We'll __attend__to__ the problem later. ‎ ‎【例4】(1) 使用恰当的介词填空 ‎①当面对危险和冲突时，人们往往血压升高，感到紧张或焦虑。‎ When __exposed__ to danger and conflict, men tend to increase blood pressure, feeling nervous and anxious. ‎ ‎【例5】用challenge的恰当形式填空 ‎①老师给了我们一个具有挑战性的任务。我觉得自己受到了挑战。但是我相信自己能战胜这次挑战。‎ The teacher gave us a __challenging__ task. I feel myself __challenged__ but I believe I can defeat the __challenge__. ‎ ‎②It's really __a__challenge__ for a teenager to study abroad after high school.‎ ‎【例6】使用恰当的介词填空 ‎①该物质可以吸收地球向外辐射的能量。‎ The material can absorb outward－going radiation __from__ the Earth. ‎ ‎②这位年轻作家在她的书房里一连十几个小时专心思考和创作她的新小说。‎ Completely absorbed __in__ her new novel, the young writer kept thinking and writing for a dozen hours in her study. ‎ ‎③由于受全球金融危机的影响，大多数小店已被并入大公司。‎ Most little shops have been absorbed __into__ big businesses due to the influence of the global financial crisis. ‎ ‎【例7】同义句转换 那位醉酒司机应该承担交通事故责任。‎ The drunk driver should take the blame for the traffic accident.＝The drunk driver should ____be__to__blame__ for the traffic accident.‎ ‎＝We should __put__the__blame__for__ the traffic accident on t he drunk driver. ‎ ‎＝We should blame the drunk driver __for__ the traffic accident. ‎ ‎【例8】用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎ ‎①我相信你的建议一定有助于问题的解决。‎ I'm sure your suggestion will contribute to __solving__ (solve) the problem. ‎ ‎②政府应为那位工程师对这座城市的发展所做出的贡献给予他荣誉。‎ The government should honor the engineer for the __contribution__ (contribute) he has made to the city's development. ‎ ‎【例1】完成句子 ‎①我易于接受电视上专家所提出的观点。‎ I tend to accept any idea put __forward__ by experts on TV.‎ ‎②存些钱养老是明智的做法。‎ It is wise to have some money put __away/aside__ for old age. ‎ ‎③几年来已有好几个类似理论相继提出。 ‎ Over the years several similar theories have been put forward__． ‎ ‎④我可以忍受房间乱点儿，但我讨厌它不干净。 ‎ I can put __up__with__ the house being untidy, but I hate it if it's not clean.‎ ‎⑤那所教师培训学院为该学院的创立者立了一块纪念牌匾。‎ The teacher training college put __up__ a plaque to the college's founder. ‎ ‎【例2】使用恰当的介词填空 ‎ ‎①请把这根竿子和那根竿子接起来。‎ Please join this pole __to__ that one.‎ ‎②这班飞机在纽约可接上另一趟航班。‎ This flight connects __with__ New York one. ‎ ‎③我们应该理论联系实际。‎ We should combine theory __with__ practice. ‎ ‎④这条公路连接着上海和北京。 ‎ The highway links Shanghai__to/with__ Beijing. ‎ ‎【例3】使用恰当的介词填空 ‎ ‎①我觉得她不但长得非常漂亮，而且还有很多优秀品质。 ‎ I think she has many good qualities __besides__ being very beautiful. ‎ ‎②除了吹得堆积起来的地方，雪只有小腿肚深。 ‎ The snow, __except__ where it drifted, was only calf－deep.‎ ‎③我把所有东西都卖了，只剩下汽车和书。 ‎ I sold everything I owned __except__for__ my car and my books.‎ ‎【例4】完成句子 ‎①提前这么久做计划没有意义。 ‎ Planning so far ahead __makes__no__sense__．‎ ‎②如果我们打算以后把门换掉，那我给它上漆就毫无意义了。‎ ‎__There__is__no__sense__ in my painting the door if we're going to replace it later.‎ ‎③决不能允许人们猎杀野生动物以获取它们的肉或皮毛。‎ ‎__In__no__sense__ are people allowed to hunt wild animals for their meat or fur.‎ ‎【例1】完成句子填空 ‎①不要一有问题就跑来向我哭诉。‎ Don't come bleating to me __every__time__ something goes wrong. ‎ ‎②下次你来北京，务必要提前告诉我。‎ ‎__Next__time__ you come to Beijing, be sure to let me know in advance. ‎ ‎③见到他的那一刻，我就知道发生了什么事。 ‎ ‎__The__moment__ I saw him, I knew what had happened.‎ ‎④我一做完那件事就对自己感到十分厌恶。‎ ‎__Immediately__ I've done it I feel completely disgusted with myself. ‎ ‎【例2】完成句子 ‎①一个人只有离开家时，才会意识到家的温暖。 ‎ ‎__Only__when__ one is away from home does he realize how nice his home is. ‎ ‎②只有努力学习，你才会通过考试。‎ ‎__Only__if__ you study hard will you pass the exam.‎ ‎③要是他驾驶得没有那么快就好了！‎ ‎__If__only__ he hadn't driven so fast! ‎ ‎(2017北京市朝阳区高三下第二次综测)‎ 假设你是红星中学高三(1)班学生李华。上周六你和同学骑共享单车去购书时看到某些不文明现象。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，以“Our Meaningful Work”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍事情的整个过程。‎ 注意：词数不少于60。‎ 提示词：共享单车 shared bicycle Our Meaningful Work Last Saturday my classmates and I did some meaningful work as we went to buy books.‎ That afternoon we rode shared bicycles to Beijing Book Building as planned. Everyone was excited, enjoying the convenience brought about by the shared bicycles. However, something unexpected happened on ‎ arrival. We noticed the shared bicycles parked here and there, blocking the way of the passersby. One of my classmates proposed placing them in order, so we got down to work immediately. It took us about twenty minutes to finish the work. Seeing the tidily arranged bicycles, we all felt delighted. We also received high praise for what we had done. ‎ The experience caused my concern about shared bicycles. I think we should put them in place after using them, which not only brings us neat and tidy environment, but also reflects qualities of a good citizen. ‎ 学生要采用第一人称来写作，写出活动的内容，并发表自己的感受，要适当运用高级句型和词汇，恰当使用连接词。‎ 考向一　在语法填空中设题 ‎(2017全国卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most________(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white－painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.‎ ‎【答案】successful　考查形容词。最成功的地铁之一。根据前面的was one of the most可知，此处要用形容词形式。 有些同学可能会误填successes。the most为最高级，不可修饰名词，因为后面有lines，此处successful后面的lines省略了。‎ 考向二　在阅读理解中考查“了不起的人”‎ ‎(2016全国卷Ⅱ，D)‎ A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.‎ Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly first－rate photo－journalism—if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck (海难), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.‎ The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian－built three－master that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarctica's Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled (雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well－researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scott's last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world's imagination, and a film made in his honor ‎ drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant－navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.‎ ‎1. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?‎ ‎ A. They were made last week.　　　‎ B. They showed undersea sceneries.‎ ‎ C. They were found by a cameraman. ‎ D. They recorded a disastrous adventure.‎ ‎2. Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?‎ ‎ A. Frank Hurley. B. Ernest Shackleton.‎ ‎ C. Robert Falcon Scott. D. Caroline Alexander.‎ ‎3. What does Alexander think was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?‎ ‎ A. Artistic creation. B. Scientific research.‎ ‎ C. Money making. D. Treasure hunting. ‎ ‎【语篇解读】1912年，挪威探险家Robert Falcon Scott登上了南极，但却在返回途中与四名同伴一起不幸遇难。另一位探险家Sir Ernest Shackleton雇请了一名摄影师随行，决心要重新登顶南极，却也不幸遭遇海难，幸运的是，这些被冰封的照片留存了下来，向我们讲述了那一次失败的探险。‎ ‎1. D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival可知，Frank Hurley所拍摄的照片历经了一次海难保存了下来，故选D项。‎ ‎2. C　细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912以及最后一段中Scott's last journey, completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world's attention可知，Captain Scott是第一个登顶南极的人，故选C项。‎ ‎3. C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的第一句As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well－researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort可知，Alexander认为，Scott那个时代的探险是纯商业性质的，即目的都是为了赚钱，故应该选C项。‎ 计策1：one of the most是最高级的线索 计策2：修饰new lines用形容词 计策1：理清同一事件中的“参与者”‎ 计策2：比较“共同经历”者们在事件中的“异同点”‎ 计策3：看题干，带着问题读文章 首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。‎ 计策4：逻辑推理，做好深层理解题 在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。‎ 一、词汇拓展 ‎ ‎1. character n. 特征；人物→ __characteristic__ n. 特征；特性 ‎2. paint vt. 绘画→ __painter__ n. 画家；油漆匠→ __painting__ n. 画作 ‎3. science n. 科学的→ __scientific__ adj. 科学的 ‎4. conclude vt. & vi. 结束；推断出→ __conclusion__ n. 结论；结束 ‎5. analyse vt. 分析→ __analysis__ n. 分析 ‎6. attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加→ __attendant__ n. ‎ 出席者 ‎ ‎7. physics n. 物理→ __physician__ n. 医生；内科医师→ __physicist__ n. 物理学家 ‎ ‎8. expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光→ __exposed__ adj. 暴露的 ‎9. challenge n. 挑战 vt. 向……挑战→ __challenging__ adj. 有挑战性的 ‎10. severe adj. 严重的；剧烈的；严厉的→ __severely__ adv. 严重地 ‎11. pollute vt. 污染；弄脏→ __pollution__ n. 污染 ‎ ‎12. announce vt. 宣布；通知→ __announcement__ n. 宣布；通知 ‎13. instruct vt. 命令；指示；教导→ __instruction__ n. 命令；指示；教导 ‎14. construct vt. 建设；修建→ __construction__ n. 建设；建筑物→ __constructive__ adj. 有建设性的 ‎15. contribute vt. & vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助→ __contribution__ n. 捐献；贡献；捐助 ‎16. positive adj. 积极的；肯定的；确实的→ __positively__ adv. 积极地 ‎17. move v. 移动→ __movement__ n. 移动；运动；动作 ‎18. enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的→ __enthusiasm__ n. 热情 ‎ ‎19. caution n. 小心；谨慎→ __cautious__ adj. 小心的；谨慎的 ‎20. reject vt. 拒绝；不接受；抛弃→ __rejection__ n. 拒绝 ‎ ‎21. universe n. 宇宙；世界→ __universal__ adj. 宇宙的 ‎ 二、单句语法填空 ‎1. Take care not to keep your children __exposed__ (expose) to bad books, computer games or websites.‎ ‎2. Don't always blame your own failure on others. Sometimes you yourself are __to__blame__ (blame)．‎ ‎3. The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police are now looking __into__ the matter. ‎ ‎4. After a fortnight's __treatment__ (treat), the doctor successfully cured me __of__ my headache. ‎ ‎5. I found he was completely __absorbed__ (absorb) in the humorous stories he was reading.‎ ‎6. —Could you please help me with this problem?‎ ‎—Certainly. First of all, let's __analyze__ (analysis) the problem and see where went wrong.‎ ‎7. Old as he is, he gets my grandson to __instruct__ (instruction) him on how to email and use the Internet.‎ ‎8. They suspected him __of__ killing the girl but found no evidence yet. ‎ ‎9. Many cancer victims can be__cured__(cure) if the disease is found early enough. ‎ ‎10. At the end of their meeting, it was__announced__(announce) that an agreement had been reached. ‎ ‎11. Keller is__cautious__(caution) about making predictions for the success of the program. ‎ ‎12. —Excuse me, can I put __forward__ my suggestion?‎ ‎—Go ahead. ‎ 三、完成句子 ‎1. —Why is he feeling down today?‎ ‎—Because the suggestion he __put__forward__(提出) has been turned down.‎ ‎2. We'd better put forward提出； 将……提前； 向前移； 将钟拨快 put forward to 提出 discuss the issue in detail before we__draw__a__conclusion__(得出结论). ‎ ‎3.__Apart__from__a__few__faults__(除了有几个缺点外), he is a faithful friend.‎ ‎4. I wrote a letter of complaint, and the manager has promised to __look__into__(调查) the matter.make sense of理解，明白 ‎5. I don't think it __makes__sense__(有意义) to focus only on providing basic services.‎ ‎6. It is not the child but his parents who__are__to__blame__(应受责备) for this.‎ ‎7. The more one__is__exposed__to__(暴露于) the English－speaking environment, the better he or she will learn the language.‎ ‎8. We must__be__strict__with__our__students__(对学生严格要求) while we should give them love and care.‎ 四、课文回顾 ‎ John Snow，a well－known doctor in London became 1.__inspired__(inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people 2.__who/that__were 3.__exposed__(expose) to cholera，a deadly disease of its day. Many thousands of people died every time there was an outbreak because no one knew the cause of it. John wanted to help solve the problem. He got 4.__interested__(interest) in two theories 5.__explaining__(explain) how cholera killed people. He believed in 6.__the__second theory that suggested that people 7.__absorbed__(absorb) the disease with their meals. In 1854，when another outbreak hit London，he was ready to test the two 8.__theories__(theory). With the help of the map he made he got a 9.__valuable__(value) clue about the cause of the disease and was able to announce that the water was 10.__to__blame/blamed__(blame)．‎ character作名词时，表示“性格；特点”，一般是不可数名词；‎ characteristic是可数名词，常用复数形式，表示“总的特点”。‎ scientific discovery 科学发现 scientific group 科研小组 scientific literature 科学文献 scientific research 科学研究 scientific world 科学界 analyse scientifically 科学地分析 ‎ analyse thoroughly 透彻地分析 ‎ analyse for 对……做分析 analyse into 把……分解成 meet a challenge (of)面临/应对(……的) 挑战 challenge sb. to do sth. 向……挑战 announce指预告性地宣布或公开宣告大家关心的事。‎ declare一般指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度等，后可跟复合宾语。‎ instruct 在当“命令；吩咐；指令”讲时，它后面的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用“should ＋动词原形”，其中should 可以省略。‎ contribute通常和介词to搭配，表示“捐献；贡献；捐助；有助于；促成；引起；投稿”。to后常接名词、代词或动名词。‎ be enthusiastic about/for/over 对……热心 be enthusiastic in 在……热心 reject常用于正式场合，用于拒绝对方的请求、申请、提议等，另外还有“抛弃、剔除”‎ 之意，后面常接名词，不接不定式。它表示因为某事物不令人满意、有缺陷或无用而被拒绝，暗示无条件的拒绝，一般是直截了当地表达。‎ refuse普通用词，后接双宾语、名词或者不定式，不接不定式的复合宾语和宾语从句。通常暗示决心且常带有粗鲁之意。‎ ‎①cure意为“治疗；治愈”，多用于指药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气。‎ ‎②treat为日常用语，意为“治疗；医治”，指治疗病人的全过程或活动。‎ ‎③heal意为“治愈(伤口) ；医治”，指治好外伤或烧伤后的部位，使伤口愈合，不用于指治疗感冒等疾病。‎ ‎④recover意为“痊愈，复原”，主要是指从病中痊愈了，常与from连用。‎ make no sense没道理，没意义 be strict with的宾语是人，即be strict with sb.，意思是“对某人要求严格”。be strict in的宾语是物，即be strict in sth.意思是“对某事要求严格”。‎ Key words: ‎ John Snow London exposed to cholera died no one knew the cause solve two theories second theory another outbreak test map clue the water Blame