2019届一轮复习外研版必修三Module5　 24页

‎2019届一轮复习外研版必修3Module 5Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China单元学案 ‎【课前基础知识回顾】‎ 一、单词表词汇全查验——运用多媒体，提问默写词汇 Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)‎ ‎[第一屏听写]‎ ‎1．philosopher n．　　　　　　 哲学家 ‎2．philosophy n. 哲学 ‎3．adviser n. 顾问 ‎4．bark n. 树皮 ‎[第二屏听写]‎ ‎5．leather n．　　　　　 　 　 皮革 ‎6．monk n. 和尚 ‎7．category n. 范畴；种类 ‎8．sutra n. (佛教的)经 Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)‎ ‎[第三屏听写]‎ ‎1．equal adj.　　　　 　　　 平等的 ‎ ‎2．importance n. 重要；重要性 ‎3．teaching n. (常作复数)教导；学说 ‎4．thinker n. 思想家 ‎5._kindness n. 善良 ‎[第四屏听写]‎ ‎6．order n．　　　　　　　 　 秩序 ‎7．principle_ n. 原则；准则 ‎8．position n. 职位 ‎9．stress vt. 强调 ‎10._resign vi. 辞职 ‎[第五屏听写]‎ ‎11．influential adj.　　　　　 有影响的 ‎12._love n. 仁爱 ‎13．honesty n. 诚实 ‎14．justice n. 公正 ‎15．contribution n. 贡献 ‎[第六屏听写]‎ ‎16．invent vt.　　　　　 　　 发明 ‎17．soft adj. 柔软的 ‎18．inventor n. 发明家 ‎19．argument n. 争论；辩论；议论 ‎20．freedom n. 自由 ‎[第七屏听写]‎ ‎21．condition n．　　　　　 　 状况；条件；环境 ‎22．fuel n. 燃料 ‎23．be_at_war_with 与……交战 ‎24．bring_up 养育；抚养 ‎[第八屏听写]‎ ‎25．become_interested_in　　　 对……感兴趣 ‎26．be_proud_of 为……自豪 ‎27．in_conclusion 总之 ‎28．for_the_first_time 第一次 二、单元核心考点初热身——提供语境，单元考点自测回顾 ‎(一)分类识记单词——用时少·功效高 识记单词写对 Ⅰ.知其意(英译汉) ‎ ‎1.philosopher n．　　哲学家 ‎2.philosophy n. 哲学 ‎3.adviser n. 顾问 ‎4.leather n．　　皮革 ‎5.category n. 范畴；种类 Ⅱ.写其形(汉译英) ‎ ‎1.teaching n. (常作复数)教导；学说 ‎2.thinker n．　　思想家 ‎3.kindness n. 善良 ‎4.love n. 仁爱 ‎5.soft adj. 柔软的 核心单词练通 ‎1.What I want to stress (强调) is that health is also very important for you.‎ ‎2.Although the used car seems in good condition (状况), it can't run too fast.‎ ‎3.He decided to resign (辞职) and gave up the position as a manager because of poor health.‎ ‎4.He is strict with himself and doesn't do anything against his ‎ principles (原则)．‎ ‎5.Most air pollution is caused by the burning of fuels (燃料) like coal, gas and oil.‎ 拓展单词用活 ‎[记全记牢]‎ ‎1.equal adj. 平等的；相等的 v. 比得上→equality n．平等→equally adv. 平等地；相等地 ‎2.importance n．重要；重要性→important adj. 重要的 ‎3.order n．秩序→orderly adj. 整洁的；有秩序的 ‎4.influential adj. 有影响的→influence n．& v. 影响 ‎5.honesty n．诚实→honest adj. 诚实的 ‎6.justice n．公正→just adj. 公正的 ‎7.contribution n．贡献→contribute v. 贡献 ‎8.invent vt. 发明→invention n．发明→inventor n．发明家 ‎9.argument n．争论；辩论；议论→argue v. 争论；争辩 ‎10.freedom n．自由→free adj. 自由的；空闲的；免费的 ‎[用准用活]‎ ‎1.All men are born equal,_so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)‎ ‎2.His great contributions to the company have contributed to its rapid development in recent years.(contribute)‎ ‎3.The honest boy impressed all the employers with his honesty.(honesty)‎ ‎4.Edison was a great inventor and was famous for his inventions because he invented many things in his life.(invent)‎ ‎5.William started off on the wrong foot by having an argument with the manager on his first day at work. He argued with him over something unimportant. We argue that William should find a better way to express his idea rather than behave that ‎ way.(argue)‎ ‎⇩ ‎1.名词后缀ness大观园 ‎①kindness 善良 ‎②blindness 盲目 ‎③darkness 黑暗 ‎④weakness 虚弱 ‎⑤loneliness 寂寞 ‎2.y结尾名词一览 ‎①honesty诚实 ‎②difficulty n. 困难 ‎③modesty 谦虚 ‎④discovery 发现 ‎⑤delivery 投递；交付 ‎3.名词后缀dom荟萃 ‎①freedom　　　自由 ‎②boredom 无聊 ‎③kingdom 王国 ‎④wisdom 智慧 ‎4.“燃料”名词集锦 ‎①fuel　　　　　　燃料 ‎②coal 煤炭 ‎③oil 石油 ‎④gas 汽油 ‎⑤petrol 汽油 ‎(二)语段串记短语——不枯燥·兴趣高 先 写 对 再 用 准 第一组 ‎1.agree_with　同意；与……相符；适合(某人)‎ ‎2.become_interested_in 对……感兴趣 ‎3.for_the_first_time 第一次 ‎4.more_than 超过 ‎5.be_similar_to 与……‎ ‎　　Li Hua ①became_interested_in English when he began to learn it ②for_the_first_time. Now he has learned ③more_than 3,000 English words, and once got the first prize in the English competition. I ④agree_with his opinion that interest is the best motivation.‎ 相似 第二组 ‎1.be_at_war_with　　　　　　与……交战 ‎2._bring_up 养育；抚养 ‎3.a_sense_of_responsibility 责任感 ‎4.be_proud_of 为……自豪 ‎5.in_conclusion 总之 ‎　　He used to ①be_proud_of his hometown, a beautiful village where he was born and ②brought_up. Now his country ③is_at_war_with its neighboring country, so he has to leave his hometown for a living. Although he is a man with ④a_sense_of_responsibility,_he is at a loss what to do for his hometown.‎ ‎⇩ ‎1.“at＋n.”短语荟萃 ‎①at war　 　交战　 　②at peace 　处于和平状态 ‎③at hand 在手边 ④at work 在工作 ‎⑤at rest 在休息 ⑥at table 在吃饭 ‎⑦at risk 在冒险 ⑧at sea 在航海；茫然 ‎⑨at length 最后；终于 ⑩at school 在上学 ‎2.sense相关短语多棱镜 ‎①a sense of direction/humor　　　　　方向感/幽默感 ‎②in a sense 从某种意义上来说 ‎③in no sense/way 决不 ‎④make sense 讲得通；有道理 ‎⑤make sense of 理解；弄懂 ‎(三)仿写用活句式——造佳句·表达高 背 原 句 明 句 式 学 仿 写 ‎1.Treat others in the way the way ‎ you want to be treated. ‎ 己所不欲，勿施于人。‎ ‎ (＋that/in which)引导的定语从句。‎ 微信已经改变了我们的交友方式。‎ WeChat has changed the_way_(that/in_which)_we_made_friends.‎ ‎2.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.‎ 孟子认为人区别于动物的原因就在于人性本善。‎ the reason why ... is that ... “……的原因是……。”‎ 我请假三天的原因是我生病的母亲需要我的照顾。‎ The_reason_why_I_asked_for_three_days_off_is_that my sick mother needed my care.‎ ‎3.However, we do know that in 1092 AD he invented the first real clock. ‎ 然而，我们的确知道在公元1092年，他发明了第一个真正的钟表。‎ ‎“do/does/did＋动词原形”表示强调。‎ 他的确喜欢听古典音乐。‎ He does_enjoy listening to classical music.‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 ‎　　Tom holds a senior position in a large company and he is equal ______❶ his job. He ‎ ‎1.①处应填入的介词为to。‎ always stresses the importance of honesty and order in the work. He makes such a great contribution that he becomes one of the ________❷ figures in the company.‎ ‎2.②处应填入的最佳选项为__B__。‎ A.average　B．influential C.normal D．determined ‎1．equal adj.平等的；相等的；胜任的 v. 等于；比得上n.同等的人；相等物 ‎(1)equal ... with ...　　　　　 把……与……等同 ‎(2)be equal to (doing) sth. 等于；能胜任(做)某事 be equal with 与……平等 equal sb./sth. in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事方面比得过、敌得过某人/物 without equal 无与伦比 ‎(3)equality n. 相等；平等 equally adv. 相等地；平等地；同样地 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Learning to deal with the social world is equally (equal) important. (2016·北京高考)‎ ‎②For another, be positive and cheerful, for your mental health is equal to your physical health.‎ 单句改错 ‎③I don't think Bob is equal to be a manager, for he has little ‎ knowledge about management.be→being 补全句子 ‎④Such stupidity is without_equal in the entire history of human relations. ‎ 如此愚蠢的行为在整个人际关系史上找不出第二个。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“胜任……”的其他常见表达：‎ ‎①be up to　②be fit for　③be qualified for ‎2．stress vt.强调；施压于；使紧张n.压力；重音；强调 ‎(1)stress the importance of sth. 强调某事的重要性 under stress　　　　　　 在压力之下 under the stress of 在……压力下；为……所迫 lay/put/place stress on 强调；把重点放在……上 ‎(2)stressful adj. 压力大的；紧张的 stressed adj. 焦虑不安的 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Father always puts a lot of stress on good table manners.‎ ‎②Nowadays more and more middle school students are getting stressed (stress) in their studies.‎ ‎③The life of a high school student is usually active, exciting and full of fun, but it can be stressful (stress) sometimes.‎ 单句改错 ‎④People under the stress tend to express their full range of potential. 去掉the ‎ ‎3．order n．秩序；次序；命令；订购；点的饭菜 vt.命令；订购；点(饭菜)‎ ‎(1)in order of　　 以……的顺序 in order (依法)有效的；适宜；妥当；正常；就绪 out of order 有毛病；发生故障；不整洁 place an order for sth. (with sb.)‎ ‎ (向某人)订购某物 ‎(2)order sb. to do sth.　 命令某人做某事 order that ... 命令……(从句的谓语要用“should＋动词原 ‎ 形”，should可以省略)‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Ordered (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.(2016·北京高考单选)‎ ‎②I'd like to place an order for some tea with your company.‎ ‎③He was as busy as a bee trying to put the house in order.‎ 补全句子 ‎④I can't make a call, as our telephone is out_of_order.‎ 我无法打电话，因为我们的电话坏了。‎ 句型转换 ‎⑤The old man ordered the rude young man to go out.‎ ‎→The old man ordered that the rude young man (should)_go_out.‎ 考点新组合 阅读微技能 ‎　　Li Hua was brought up in poor conditions. ________❶， he thought he was a happy boy. The reason why he felt happy was that his parents didn't scold but encourage him when his marks were ________❷ average. He was satisfied ________❸ the way that his parents treated and educated him.‎ ‎1.①处应填入的衔接词为However。‎ ‎2.②处应填入的最佳选项为__C__。‎ A.on　　B．above　　C．below ‎3.③处应填入的介词为with。‎ ‎4.condition n．状况；条件；环境 ‎ ‎(1)living/housing/working conditions 生活/住房/工作条件　　　　‎ under ... conditions 在……条件下 ‎(2)be in good/bad/poor condition 状况良好/恶劣；健康/不健康 out of condition 身体不适 ‎(3)on condition (that) ... 在……条件下；倘若/如果 on no condition 决不(放于句首时，句子需用部分倒装)‎ ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①One of the ways of dealing with that is to deal with housing conditions (condition). ‎ ‎②The car has been well maintained and is in excellent condition.‎ ‎③I'll let you use my bike on condition that you return it ‎ tomorrow.‎ 单句改错 ‎④I haven't been exercising much recently. I'm a bit out of the condition. 去掉the 补全句子 ‎⑤On no condition can_we_give_up_our_dreams;_only if we can stick to our dreams will we be able to get over all kinds of challenges. ‎ 我们决不能放弃梦想，只有我们坚持自己的梦想，才能够克服各种挑战。‎ ‎[名师指津]　condition表示“(工作、生活或住房等)条件”时，通常要用复数形式；而表示“状况”时，则为不可数名词。‎ ‎5．bring up养育；抚养；教育；提出；呕吐 ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中bring up的含义 ‎①Brought up in a big city, he found it quite difficult to fit in in the countryside. 抚养 ‎②He was drunk and brought up what he had eaten at midnight. 呕吐 ‎③Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought up to value the sense of sharing. 教育 ‎④He brought up a practical plan in the meeting, which brought down the cost of production. 提出 ‎[归纳拓展]‎ bring about　　　　　 引起；导致；产生；带来 bring back 归还；使记起；使恢复 bring down 使落下；降低；减少 bring in 引进；带来；提出；赚钱；收获 bring out 显现出；使发挥；出版；生产 选用上述短语填空 ‎⑤The great damage which the earthquake brought_about made many people homeless or lose their lives.‎ ‎⑥Please make another sentence to bring_out the meaning of the phrase.‎ ‎⑦Our government has taken measures to bring_down the prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.‎ ‎6．The reason why ... is that ... ‎ Mencius believed that the_reason_why man is different from animals is_that man is good.‎ 孟子认为人区别于动物的原因就在于人性本善。‎ believed后面是that引导的宾语从句，从句中使用了“the reason why ... is that ...”句式，意为“……的原因是……”其中why引导的是定语从句；is之后的that引导的是表语从句。‎ ‎(1)reason用作先行词时，首先判断定语从句中缺少什么成分，如果缺少状语，则要用关系副词why或for which引导定语从句，why有时可省略；如果缺少主语或宾语，则要用关系代词that/which引导定语从句，that/which在定语从句中作宾语时可省略。‎ ‎(2)the reason后接同位语从句解释其内容时，用引导词that。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The reason_why he has had such a success is that he never gives up.‎ ‎②Why don't you believe the reason that my car was held up in the traffic jam?‎ 补全句子 ‎③The reason (that/which)_he_explained_at_the_meeting_was_that he didn't catch the first bus.‎ 他在会议上解释的理由是他没有赶上第一辆公共汽车。‎ ‎7．the way (that/in which)引导的定语从句 Treat others in the_way you want to be treated.‎ 己所不欲，勿施于人。‎ 句中“the way”作先行词，“you want to be treated”为省略关系词的定语从句。‎ ‎(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作状语。‎ ‎(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时还可以省略。‎ ‎(3)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后还可接不定式或of doing sth.形式。‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The way that/which came up at the meeting was unpractical.‎ ‎②Specialists can come up with new ways to_solve (solve) the problem of air pollution.‎ 补全句子 ‎③I think you hurt his pride by laughing at the_way_(in_which/that)_he_speaks_English.‎ 我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。‎ ‎[单元语基落实]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Charlie Chaplin made a great contribution (contribute) to the film industry.‎ ‎2．The children gazed in wonder when they saw snow for the first time. ‎ ‎3．I deeply appreciate your kindness (kind) in coming so far to meet me. ‎ ‎4．How long do you think the two countries will be at war with each other?‎ ‎5．In my opinion, honesty (honest) is the most important part of friendship, because I hate being cheated.‎ ‎6．Being_brought (bring) up in the countryside made Mr Wilson very hardworking when he was very young.‎ ‎7．Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally (equal) respected.‎ ‎8．Learning to read and write opens the door to a better job and better living conditions (condition).‎ ‎9．In conclusion, there are no excuses. Everyone has the ability to succeed. Get started now!‎ ‎10．It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful (stress) society. ‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Little joy can equal to that of a surprising ending when you read stories. 去掉to ‎2．Some people have to lead stressed lifestyles out of necessity. stressed→stressful ‎3．The reason why I'm calling you now is because I have an important thing to tell you. because→that ‎4．He can't still go for an outing, because he is out of the condition. 去掉the ‎5．He ordered that the students wore their special clothes during the military training. wore→wear Ⅲ.根据提示词补全句子 ‎1．尽管已是八十高龄，老人依然身体健康。(condition)‎ Though in his eighties, the old man is still in_good_condition.‎ ‎2．尽管她是在城市出生并被抚养大的，但她喜欢乡村生活。(bring up)‎ Though born_and_brought_up in the city, she prefers life in the country.‎ ‎3．一些人早逝的原因是他们不注意自己的身体健康。(The reason why ... is that ... )‎ The_reason_why_some_people_died_young_is_that they didn't pay attention to their health.‎ ‎4．轮船的引擎发生了故障，而恶劣的天气增加了海员们的无助感。(order)‎ The engines of the ship were out_of_order and the bad weather added to the helplessness of the crew at sea. ‎ ‎5．你日常生活中发生的事情会改变你看待世界和世间的人的方式。(the way)‎ Something that happens in your daily life will change the_way_you_look_at_the_world and the people in it.‎ Ⅳ.句型转换/一句多译 ‎1．Tom overslept this morning. That is why he was late for work.‎ ‎→The_reason_why Tom was late for work is_that he overslept this morning.‎ ‎2．Can you work out a way? We can solve the problem in this way.‎ ‎→Can you work out a way that we can solve the problem?‎ ‎→Can you work out a way in_which we can solve the problem?‎ ‎3．The doctor ordered me to take a rest for a month. ‎ ‎→The doctor ordered that I_should_take_a_rest for a month.‎ ‎4．They agreed to lend us the car as long as we returned it before the weekend.‎ ‎→They agreed to lend us the car on_condition_that we returned it before the weekend.‎ ‎5．在勇气方面没有人比得上他，这一点大家都清楚。‎ ‎①No one equals_him_in_courage,_about which every one knows.(equal v．)‎ ‎②No one is_equal_to_him_in_courage,_about which every one knows.(equal adj.)‎ ‎③He has_no_equal_in_courage,_about which every one knows.(equal n．)‎ ‎[高考拆组训练]‎ 语言知识运用组块专练——练准度 ‎(限时：25分钟)‎ Ⅰ.完形填空 When I was six years old, we lived in Oklahoma City. We always kept the doors of our house __1__ at night. To get out of the back door, Daddy had a special key.‎ One night, I was __2__ suddenly by the sound of thunder and lightning and a terrible __3__. I rushed down the hall toward my parents' room, feeling __4__， but I was stopped by thick smoke and big __5__ coming from the living room. Our house had been __6__ by lightning. I had to get out, but __7__？ Because of the fire, I couldn't __8__ the front door and I didn't have the key to the back door. So I was __9__.‎ Then I was __10__ when in darkness I felt Daddy's warm hand __11__ me down the hall and out the back door to our backyard. __12__ I stood in the pouring rain, his hand __13__ mine and he was gone immediately. Frightened, I __14__ to the house. There was my mother calling my name. She ran out to me, and together we stood in the backyard __15__ — waiting for Daddy to bring out my sister. Just at that moment we heard, “We're __16__！” It was Daddy's voice. He, sighing with __17__， held my threeyearold sister Amy in his arms. Although Daddy got __18__ in the fire, he tried his best to save all of us out of the house.‎ That was twelve years ago, and all these years I've never forgotten the __19__ of the hand that led me then, and leads me now,‎ ‎ through the __20__.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者回忆了自己儿时家里突遭雷电袭击，房屋起火后，父亲在黑暗中勇敢地救出家人的经历。‎ ‎1．A.opened　　　　　　　　　 B．closed C．locked D．painted 解析：选C　根据下文的“To get out of the back door, Daddy had a special key.”可知，作者家晚上总是锁上(locked)门。‎ ‎2．A.awoken B．shocked C．interrupted D．accompanied 解析：选A　一天夜里，作者突然被雷电声和可怕的倾盆大雨惊醒了。awake“使醒来”，符合语境。shock“使震惊”；interrupt“打扰，打断”；accompany“陪伴”。‎ ‎3．A.fire B．explosion C．downpour D．tap 解析：选C　根据第三段中的“I stood in the pouring rain”可知，downpour“倾盆大雨”符合语境。‎ ‎4．A.puzzled B．scared C．urgent D．desperate 解析：选B　在电闪雷鸣、大雨倾盆的晚上，作者肯定是感到很害怕(scared)才跑向父母的房间的。puzzled“困惑的”；urgent“紧急的，迫切的”；desperate“绝望的，不顾一切的”。‎ ‎5．A.noise B．lightning C．stones D．flames 解析：选D　根据下文的“Because of the fire”可知，此处指但是作者被浓烟和窜高的火焰(flames)阻挡住了脚步。‎ ‎6．A.occupied B．beaten C．destroyed D．struck 解析：选D　根据下文中的“the fire”可知，作者家被闪电击中(struck)了，所以才着火了。occupy“占据，占领”；beat“击打”；destroy“摧毁，毁坏”。‎ ‎7．A.how B．why C．what D．where 解析：选A　下文提到作者无法从前门或后门出去，故此处指作者不得不出去，但是怎么(how)出去呢？‎ ‎8．A.alarm B．break C．reach D．answer 解析：选C　因为火，作者不能到达(reach)前门。alarm“给(门等)安装警报器”；break“打破”。‎ ‎9．A.in confusion B．in panic C．in danger D．in doubt 解析：选B　因为没有办法逃出房子，所以作者处于惶恐之中(in panic)。in confusion“困惑”；in danger“处于危险中”；in doubt“怀疑”。‎ ‎10．A.comforted B．prevented C．seized D．rescued 解析：选D　这时，当作者在黑暗中感觉到父亲温暖的手拖着他穿过门厅、走过后门、到达后院时，作者获救(rescued)了。comfort“安慰”；prevent“阻止”；seize“抓住”。‎ ‎11．A.instructing B．dragging C．holding D．pushing 解析：选B　紧急情况中，作者肯定是被父亲拖(dragging)着走的。instruct“指导”；hold“握住，夹着，托住”；push“推”。‎ ‎12．A.As B．If C．Though D．Since 解析：选A　当作者站在瓢泼大雨中(即从屋内逃了出来)时，父亲的手放开了作者的手。此处应用As引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎13．A.let go of B．took hold of C．got rid of D．put up with 解析：选A　参见上题解析。let go of“放开”；take hold of“抓住”；get rid of“摆脱”；put up with“忍受”。‎ ‎14．A.headed B．rushed C．turned my back D．set my mind 解析：选C　因为害怕，作者转过身背对着房子。turn one's back to“转身背对”，符合语境。head to“走向”；rush to“冲向”；set one's mind to“下决心做”。‎ ‎15．A.quietly B．breathlessly C．hopelessly D．anxiously 解析：选D　根据下文的“waiting for Daddy to bring out my sister”可知，作者和妈妈都焦急地(anxiously)站在后院里，等待父亲把作者的妹妹救出来。‎ ‎16．A.back B．safe C．tired D．lucky 解析：选B　根据下文的“he tried his best to save all of us out of the house”和常识可知，作者的父亲说的应是“我们安全(safe)了”。‎ ‎17．A.regret B．emotion C．excitement D．relief 解析：选D　父亲抱着作者三岁的妹妹，松了口气。relief“宽慰，轻松”，符合语境。regret“后悔”；emotion“情感”；excitement“兴奋”。‎ ‎18．A.burned B．caught C．stuck D．disturbed 解析：选A　父亲从着火的房子里出来，肯定是被烧伤(burned)了。‎ ‎19．A.strength B．roughness C．warmth D．firmness 解析：选C　根据第三段第一句中的“I felt Daddy's warm hand”可知，十二年了，作者从未忘记过父亲手的温暖(warmth)在那时引导着他，现在也引导着他穿过黑暗(dark)。strength“力量”；roughness“粗糙”；firmness“坚定”。‎ ‎20．A.cold B．dark C．future D．misfortune 解析：选B　参见上题解析。‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 ‎(2018·邯郸市模拟)Woodblock printing first appeared in the early Tang period. During the Song dynasty, the technique of block printing was very advanced. Books were __1__ (beautiful) printed. Even today the books __2__ (print) at the time are valuable and treasured by libraries and book collectors.‎ However, block printing __3__ (be) not very convenient. Every two pages of a book had to be carved on a wood block, and a big book would require many blocks. Besides, there had to be large ‎ places for storing the books. __4__ (overcome) these shortcomings, Bi Sheng invented the movable type during the years between 1041 and 1048. One word was carved on one piece of clay, __5__ was hardened with fire. Then clay characters were set on __6__ iron plate according to the text of a book. Then ink was applied to them and __7__ (sheet) of paper spread over them, and the printing was done. Bi Sheng's invention made printing faster and easier __8__ before. ‎ Later, the movable type of metal and wood was made and widely used. The technique of printing was gradually known to other Asian countries and Europe. The great influence printing had __9__ the advance of civilization is too clear to need any __10__ (explain)．‎ 语篇解读：本文是说明文，简单介绍了中国的四大发明之一——印刷术。‎ ‎1．beautifully　书籍印刷得很精美。分析句子结构可知，空格处修饰动词printed，因此填副词。‎ ‎2．printed　甚至现在，当时所印刷的书籍仍极有价值，被图书馆和书籍收藏家珍藏。分析句子结构可知，空格处与“books”之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。‎ ‎3．was　然而，木刻版印刷并不是很方便。通读全文及根据文中的主体时态为一般过去时可知，这是在讲述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故此处应填was。‎ ‎4．To overcome　为了克服这些缺点，毕昇于1041年至1048年发明了活字印刷术。根据句意可知，此处应使用不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎5．which　在一块泥块上刻上字，泥块经过火烤变硬。空格处在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“one piece of clay”‎ ‎。且从句中缺少主语，故填which。‎ ‎6．an　空格后的“iron plate”是可数名词，此处表示泛指，而且iron的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。‎ ‎7．sheets　然后刷上油墨，铺上纸张，就可以印刷了。paper意为“纸，纸张”时是不可数名词，表示“一张纸”时可以用“a piece/sheet of paper”。由句意可知，此处使用的不止一张纸，因此用复数名词。‎ ‎8．than　毕昇的发明使印刷比以前更快更简单。根据句中的比较级“faster and easier”可知此处应填than。‎ ‎9．on　have influence on ...表示“对……有影响”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎10．explanation　印刷术给文明进步带来的巨大影响太清晰了，不需要任何解释。空格处与any一起作need的宾语，因此用名词形式。‎