2020届外研版高考英语一轮复习必修4学案：Module2TrafficJam 18页

‎(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．trolleybus n．　　　　　　　　 电车 ‎2．cab n. 出租汽车；计程车 ‎3．airconditioned adj. 带空调的 ‎4．doubledecker n. 双层公共汽车 ‎5．pedal vt.& vi. 骑车；踩……的踏板 ‎6．tricycle n. 三轮脚踏车 ‎7．roadwork n. (常作复数)道路施工 ‎8．horn n. 喇叭；号角 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．wire n. 电线 ‎2．display vt.& n．[纵联1] 展示；陈列 ‎3．receipt n. 收据 ‎4．fare n．[纵联2] 车费 ‎5．destination n. 目的地；终点 ‎6．route n. 路线 ‎7．provide vt.[纵联3] 提供 ‎8．single n. 单程票 adj. 单一的；单身的；单程的 ‎9．return n. 往返票 v. 返回；报答 ‎10．blow vt. 吹响(乐器，号角等)‎ ‎11．congestion n. 拥塞；堆积 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．suburban adj.郊区的；市郊的→suburb n．郊区 ‎2．permit n．执照；许可证→permission n．许可；允许[纵联4]‎ ‎3．limit vt.限制；限定n.界限；限度→limited adj.有限的→unlimited adj.无限的 ‎4．impressive adj.给人印象深刻的→impress vt.使印象深刻；使铭记→impression n．印象→impressed adj.印象深刻的 ‎5．convenient adj.方便的→convenience n．方便；便利 ‎6．explore vt.探索→explorer n．探索者→exploration n．探索 ‎7．react vi.反应→reaction n．反应；回应 ‎8．solution n．解答；答案→solve vt.解决；解答 ‎9．mood n．心情；心境→moody adj.喜怒无常的 ‎10．registration n．执照；登记→register vi.登记；记录 纵联1.“展示，展览”大家看 ‎①display n．& vt.展示；陈列　 ②show n．& v．展示 ‎③exhibit v．展览 ④exhibition n．展示；展览会 ‎⑤on show/exhibition/display在展出；展览中 纵联2.“费用”都要考虑到 ‎①fare车费 ②expense花费 ‎③charge费用；价钱 ④fine罚款 ‎⑤fee费用；酬金 ⑥tip小费 纵联3.“提供，供应”多多益善 ‎①provide提供 ②offer主动提供 ‎③supply供应 ④equip配备；供应 ‎⑤furnish供应 ⑥afford提供；给予 纵联4.“允许；禁止”要说明 ‎①permit v．允许 ②allow v．允许 ‎③admit v．允许 ④ban v．& n．禁止 ‎⑤prohibit v．禁止 ⑥forbid v．禁止 单元话题——交通 子话题1　公路 ‎　①pavement n．人行道 ②vehicle n．车辆；交通工具 ‎③motorcycle n．摩托车 ④expressway n．(美)高速公路 ‎⑤freeway n．高速公路 ⑥lorry n．卡车；货车 ‎⑦tractor n．拖拉机 ⑧tram n．有轨电车 ‎⑨garage n．车库；汽车修理厂 ⑩a private car私人汽车 子话题2　铁路 ‎　①subway n．地铁 ②tube n．隧道 ‎③underground n．地铁；地道 ④track/rail n．轨道 ‎⑤carriage n．客车厢 ⑥platform n．平台；月台，站台 ‎⑦highspeed railway高速铁路 ⑧express train特快列车 ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2018·北京高考阅读D) While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how selfdriving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams❶， cut emissions (排放) and offer❷ more 　❸　 (convenience), affordable mobility options.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.‎ ‎①写出jams在本单元中的近义词：congestion ‎②用本单元的词汇替换offer：provide。offer可接双宾语结构，即offer sb.sth.‎ ‎③用convenience的正确形式填空：convenient。ence为名词后缀，表示行动、状况等，类似的词还有absence, confidence, difference, existence, presence等 ‎2．(2012·湖北高考阅读B) Once you learn the 　❶　 (路线) map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform, nothing is frightening anymore.New cities are just lightrail lines to be explored.And your personal car, if you have one, becomes just one more tool in the toolbox — and often an inadequate one, 　❷　 (limit) both your mobility and your wallet.‎ ‎①根据汉语提示写出单词：route ‎②用limit的正确形式填空：limiting 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·浙江高考写作)看到爸爸和保罗叔叔骑马给我留下了深刻印象。他们看起来真的很酷。(impress)‎ I_was_impressed_to_see_my_dad_and_Uncle_Paul_riding_horses.They_looked_really_cool.‎ ‎2．(2014·上海高考书面表达)此外，提供一些关于职业规划的信息可以帮助我们发展我们的兴趣和潜力。(provide)‎ Besides,_being_provided_with_some_information_about_career_planning_can_help_us_develop_our_interest_and_potential.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．permit n．执照；许可证；通行证v.允许；许可；容许 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)permit doing sth.　　　　　　 允许做某事 permit sb.(to do) sth. 允许某人(做)某事 ‎(2)weather/time permitting＝if weather/time permits ‎ 天气/时间允许的话 ‎(3)permission n．[U] 允许；许可 ask for permission 申请许可 without permission 未经许可 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to_cook (cook) in the kitchen.‎ ‎②The reading room never permits taking (take) books out.‎ ‎③(2017·浙江高考) She had asked the government for permission (permit) to move the books to a safe place, but they refused.‎ 单句改错 ‎④You're not allowed to drive if you don't have a permission.permission→permit ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤时间允许的话，我希望有更多的业余时间与朋友一起度过，以便我们能有更好的关系。‎ Time_permitting,_I_expect_to_have_more_spare_time_to_spend_with_my_friends_so_that_we_can_have_a_better_relationship.‎ ‎[联想]　动词permit的常见用法：permit sb.to do sth./permit doing sth.，与permit用法类似的动词还有：‎ ‎①allow sb.to do/doing sth.　　　　允许(某人)做某事 ‎②forbid sb.to do/doing sth. 禁止(某人)做某事 ‎③encourage sb.to do/doing sth. 鼓励(某人)做某事 ‎④advise sb.to do/doing sth. 建议(某人)做某事 ‎2．limit vt.限制；限定n.限制；(常作复数)范围；界限 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)limit ...to ...　　　　 把……限定在……范围内 ‎(2)set a limit to sth. 对……限定范围 within the limits of 在……范围内 go beyond the limit 超过限度 ‎(3)limited adj. 有限的 limitless adj. 无限的 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Having realized that your time is limited (limit), you'll have to study for your goals without anger and hesitation.‎ ‎②Besides, many parents have limited (limit) knowledge about what a balanced diet is.‎ ‎③The couple set a limit to the expense of the trip for their daughter.‎ ‎④Scientists have known how to use the limitless (limit) power of the sun.‎ 补全句子 ‎⑤They believe that you will go_beyond_the_limit,_and go beyond yourselves.‎ 他们相信，你们将超越极限、超越自己。‎ ‎[用准]　limit ...to ...和set a limit to sth.短语中的to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑥(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)文章的长度应该限制在400词左右。‎ The_length_of_the_article_should_be_limited_to_400_words_or_so.‎ ‎3．provide vt.提供；规定；准备；供应 ‎[记牢]‎ 　　　向某人提供某物 ‎(2)provided (that) ...＝providing (that) ...倘若；在……情况/条件下 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①The police will reward whoever provides/has_provided (provide) useful information to catch the robber.‎ ‎②You should provide a qualified witness for your application.‎ ‎③The website provides students with free information about how to choose a good college.‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2018·浙江高考写作)下午，我问保罗叔叔我是否可以骑马，他说可以，只要我爸爸和我一起去。‎ In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, provided_(that)/providing_(that)_my_dad_went_with_me.‎ ‎4．convenient adj.方便的；便利的 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)It is/was convenient for sb.to do sth.‎ ‎ 对于某人来说做某事是方便的 sth.be convenient for/to sb. 某物对某人来说是方便的 ‎(2)convenience n. 方便；便利 at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候 for convenience 为了方便起见 for one's convenience 为了某人方便 ‎(3)inconvenient adj. 不方便的；麻烦的 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①Students think it is extremely convenient for them to_communicate (communicate) with the outside world using mobile phones.‎ ‎②Bachelet says she selected it for convenience and I observe that it is also cheap.‎ ‎③If you are interested, please send an application email at your earliest convenience.‎ ‎[用准]　(1)convenience 意为“便利；方便”时，为不可数名词；意为“便利的事物或设施”时，为可数名词。‎ ‎(2)convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when it is convenient for/to you，而不是when you are convenient。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)如果您方便的话，我们8点半在校门外集合。‎ If_it_is_convenient_for_you,_let's_meet_at_8：30_outside_the_school_gate.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．Happiness is a way of travel, not a destination (目的地)．‎ ‎2．I have $50, but that isn't nearly enough for my journey fare (车费)．‎ ‎3．The road is under repair.Drivers are required to take some other routes (路线)．‎ ‎4．It's the first time that the painting has been displayed (展示) to the public.‎ ‎5．You'd better keep all your receipts (收据) for workrelated expenses.‎ ‎6．Don't try to solve a problem with a single (单一的) point of view; there may be many other ways of solving the same problem.‎ ‎7．After they take everything into consideration, they trusted themselves more and returned (返回) to their positions.‎ ‎8．The traffic congestion (拥塞) in the city gets even worse during the summer.‎ ‎9．There are some very impressive (给人印象深刻的) buildings in the town.‎ ‎10．Nowadays many countries begin to explore (探索) space.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．One of the solutions (solve) to the heavy traffic problem is to reduce the number of vehicles.‎ ‎2．These new discoveries have broken new ground in the exploration (explore) of the universe.‎ ‎3．Provided/Providing (provide) that he doesn't agree to help us, who should we turn to for help?‎ ‎4．Some of his works are_being_displayed (display) in the museum at present.Would you like to go there with me to enjoy them?‎ ‎5．Judging by his impressive (impress) performance, Peter will probably be accepted by a key university.‎ ‎6．Highspeed railway has become a popular means of transport, bringing great convenience (convenient) to our life.‎ ‎7．He was surprised that his question should have caused such a strong reaction (react)．‎ ‎8．By the end of last week, 600 people from 50 countries had_registered (register) to attend the meeting, with nearly half coming from the United States, Germany and Britain.‎ ‎9．It is difficult to predict his reaction because he is so moody (mood)．‎ ‎10．In recent years, some cities have begun to allow people to light fireworks during limited (limit) hours at the Spring Festival.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．We bought the house at convenience.It's very near the shop where I work.at→for ‎2．If he hadn't had a work permission, he wouldn't have been given an opportunity to work in this company.permission→permit ‎3．There is a limit to people's life, but no limit to learn the knowledge.learn→learning ‎4．I wanted to know how the students reacted with my words.with→to ‎5．Mr Wang will make a impressive speech in the hall tonight.a→an Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．如果天气允许的话，我们将在树林里野餐。(permit)‎ We'll have a picnic in the woods, weather_permitting.‎ ‎2．警方对城镇范围内的驾驶速度设定了限制。(limit)‎ The police set_a_limit_to the driving speed within the limit of the town.‎ ‎3．只要我身体足够好，我就会陪伴着你。(provide)‎ I will accompany you provided/providing_that I am well enough.‎ ‎4．你能在方便的时候过来帮我一把吗？(convenient)‎ Can you come and give me a hand when_it_is_convenient_to/for_you?‎ ‎5．工作了一整天后，他特别累，所以他没有心情和我们一起参加聚会。(mood)‎ After working all day, he was so tired that he was_in_no_mood_to_go to the party with us.‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎1．be/get_stuck_in　　　　 被困在……‎ ‎2．in_no_time 　 [串记1] 马上；一会儿；立刻 ‎3．get_around 到处旅行；四处走动 ‎4．have_a_good_view_of 清楚地看到 ‎5．switch_off 关上(电灯、电视等)；断掉(电源)‎ ‎6．keep_cool 保持冷静 ‎7．in_a_good_mood 情绪/心情好 ‎8．be_connected_to 与……相连 ‎9．what's_more [串记2] 而且；此外 ‎10．no_way (俚语)肯定不；没门儿 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“立即，即刻”必备短语 ‎①in no time立刻，马上　　　 ②in a flash即刻 ‎③in an instant立即；马上 ④at once立即 ‎⑤right now/away立刻 ⑥straight away立刻，马上 串记2.由“what's more”想到的 ‎①what's worse 更糟的是 ‎②to make matters worse 更糟的是 ‎③worse still 更糟的是 ‎④on the other (hand) 另一方面 ‎⑤in addition 而且；此外 ‎1．raise your hand　　　　　　　 举手 ‎2．business permit 营业执照 ‎3．public transport 公共交通 ‎4．get crowded 变得拥挤 ‎5．the rush hour 交通高峰期 ‎6．in the suburb 在郊区 ‎7．traffic jam 交通阻塞 ‎8．in queues 排队 ‎9．limit one's freedom 限制某人的自由 ‎10．carry_out/perform a survey 进行一项调查 ‎11．under construction 正在建设之中 ‎1．Simply raise your hand, and_a_taxi_appears in no time.‎ 只要你招招手，马上就会有出租车开过来。‎ ‎2．It's a good idea to have_your_destination_written in Chinese.‎ 把你的目的地用汉语写出来是一个不错的主意。‎ ‎3．You should not_only listen to the teacher's and your classmates' pronunciation, but_also to tapes and broadcasting.‎ 你不但应该听老师和同学们的发音，而且还要听录音带和广播。‎ ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　完形中的短语(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2012·四川高考完形填空) The wind parted the smoke just enough for him to catch sight of Sibson.But there was no_way (没有办法) to get to him.‎ ‎2．(2010·湖北高考完形填空) She used to take the bus, but she was now too frightened to get_around (四处走动) the city by herself.‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(补全句子/词汇升级)‎ ‎1．(2017·浙江高考写作)我们要去四明山，在那里我们可以攀爬。此外，我们还可以和当地人民举行野餐会。‎ We will go to Siming Mountain, where we can have a climb.What's_more,_we can also hold a picnic party with the local people.‎ ‎2．(2009·江西高考书面表达) If you are always happy, you will have an optimistic effect on the people around you.(用本单元短语升级加黑词)in_a_good_mood ‎3．(2018·北京高考书面表达)在你来之前先学习一些基本的汉语，你很快就会适应北京的生活。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)‎ Learn_some_basic_Chinese_before_you_come,_and you will adjust yourself to the life here in Beijing soon.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．be/get stuck in被困在……‎ ‎[记牢]‎ be stuck with　 遇到困难无法进行下去；被缠住无法摆脱 stick out 伸出；突出 stick to 坚持；信守 ‎[练通]　选用上述短语填空 ‎①Convinced of the accuracy of the data, they stuck_to their opinion.‎ ‎②Will you help me with this mathematical problem? I am_stuck_with it.‎ ‎③I could see one end of the letter sticking_out of John's pocket.‎ ‎④I think there will be an invention that will help prevent drivers from getting_stuck_in traffic jams.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤(2015·浙江高考书面表达)好的意见是值得坚持的，因为它们可以使我们所有人受益。‎ Good_opinions_are_worth_sticking_to_because_they_can_benefit_us_all.‎ ‎[联想]　表示“被困在……”的短语还有：be/get caught in; be/get trapped in; be/get locked in; be/get blocked in等。‎ ‎2．in no time马上；一会儿；立刻 ‎[记牢]‎ in time　　　　　　　　 及时；终于；迟早 on time 按时；准时 at a time 每次；一次 at one time 曾经；一度 at times 有时；间或 at the same time 同时 at any time 随时，任何时候 at no time 在任何时候都不；决不 ‎[练通]　选用上述短语填空 ‎①This restaurant can accommodate two hundred people at_a_time.‎ ‎②At_no_time did I tell you that you could use my computer.‎ ‎③Generally speaking, my grandmother is nice and kind, but she can be very stubborn at_times.‎ ‎④(2016·浙江高考) It is important to pay your electricity bill on_time,_as late payments may affect your credit.‎ ‎⑤At_one_time Joan and I were good friends.I went to her for help at_any_time ‎ because she would always solve the problem in_no_time.Joan was clever, and at_the_same_time she was hardworking.So she always did well in exams.‎ ‎[用准]　at no time位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑥俗话说，“有志者，事竟成”。我们的努力将迟早会得到回报。‎ As_a_proverb_goes,_“Where_there_is_a_will,_there_is_a_way.”_Our_efforts_will_pay_off_in_time.‎ ‎3．get around到处旅行；四处走动；(消息等)传播开来；说服；回避；克服(问题或困难)‎ ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中get around的含义 ‎①It's hard to get around in some foreign cities if you don't know the language.到处旅行 ‎②We can get around the problem of space by building an extension.克服 ‎③She's trying to get around her father to buy her a new car.说服 ‎④The news soon got around that several people had been arrested for selling drugs.传播开来 ‎⑤You can't get around the fact that the price was perfectly fair and reasonable.回避 ‎[记牢]‎ get sth.across (to sb.)　 将(想法、信息等)传达(给某人)；‎ ‎ 使被理解 get along/on with 进展；与……相处 get down to (doing) sth. 开始认真/着手做某事 get over 克服(困难)；解决(问题)‎ get through 通过(考试)；完成(工作或任务)；‎ ‎ 打通电话 ‎[练通]　选用上述短语填空 ‎⑥I had created a way to get my message across while using as few words as possible.‎ ‎⑦Because Anna made good preparations for the job interview, she finally got_through with it.‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎⑧我喜欢在假期到处走走，但每年的国庆节这天全国到处人山人海，因此我不得不待在家里。‎ I like toget_around_on_holiday,_but there are huge crowds of people all over the country on National Day every year, so I have to stay at home.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．have sth.done ‎[教材原句]　It's a good idea to have_your_destination_written in Chinese.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)He hoped to find a good way to have_his_written_English_improved in a short period.‎ 他希望找到一种短时间内提高英语写作水平的好方法。‎ ‎(2)Don't worry.I'll have_Tom_help you finish the work.‎ 别担心。我让汤姆帮你完成这项工作。‎ ‎(3)I can't have_you_speaking to your mother in such a rude manner.You must apologize to her immediately.‎ 我不能让你对你妈妈说话这么粗鲁。你必须立即向她道歉。‎ ‎(4)I have_a_lot_of_reading_to_complete before the end of this term.‎ 在这学期结束之前，我有很多书要读。‎ ‎(5)“Do you have_any_clothes_to_be_washed？” the servant asked.“你有衣服要洗吗？”仆人问。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1)have sth.done使某事完成；遭遇某种(不幸的)事情；让/叫别人做某事 ‎(2)have sb.do sth.让某人做某事 ‎(3)have sb.doing sth.允许某人做某事(常用于否定句中)；使某人一直做某事(多用于肯定句中) ‎ ‎(4)have sth.to do有某事要做(主语自己做) ‎ ‎(5)have sth.to be done有某事要做(不是主语自己做)‎ 注意事项 上面前三个结构中的have用作使役动词，过去分词done、无to不定式、现在分词doing作宾语补足语。过去分词与前面的宾语为被动关系，而无to不定式和现在分词与宾语之间为主动关系。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)We planned to go visiting Yunnan in July, but I'm afraid I can't go now, because I have had my left foot injured in a football match.(开头句)‎ ‎(2)Secondly, we had better try our best to recycle something so that we can have more resources to use.(要点句)‎ ‎2．not only ...but also ...‎ ‎[教材原句]　You should not_only listen to the teacher's and your classmates' pronunciation, but_also to tapes and broadcasting.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达) Visiting this papercutting exhibition, we will not_only_enjoy_the_folk_art_works,_but_also learn a lot.‎ 参观这次剪纸展览，我们不但能欣赏到民间艺术作品，而且学到很多。‎ ‎(2)As we all know, reading classics can not only improve our studying career but also enrich our everyday life.(改为倒装句)‎ ‎→As we all know, not_only_can_reading_classics_improve_our_studying_career but also enrich our everyday life.‎ ‎(3)Not only Tom but also his classmates are (be) coming to visit the museum.‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1)not only ...but also ...用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，意为“不仅……而且……”；其中的also有时可以省略。‎ ‎(2)若连接两个句子，且not only 位于句首时，not only 后面的句子要用部分倒装。‎ ‎(3)若连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语的单复数通常与靠近的主语保持一致。‎ 注意事项 连接并列主语，谓语动词应用就近一致原则的还有：‎ not ...but; neither ...nor; either ...or ...;or等。如：‎ In my opinion, not you but he is responsible for the accident.‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)Not only is he experienced and knowledgeable, but also patient and understanding.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达) The exhibition not only shows paper cuts in different regions, but also presents to us the history and development of papercutting in China.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 keep cool， be/get stuck in， switch off， have a good view of， get around， in a good mood， in no time， what's more ‎1．He had his leg broken, but he often got_around with the help of a stick.‎ ‎2．Keeping_cool in an urgent situation is a good quality for a man.‎ ‎3．They chatted a lot on the phone and helped the girl get through the awful days and always put her in_a_good_mood.‎ ‎4．You should get up early, so that you won't be/get_stuck_in the traffic jam.‎ ‎5．Receiving the report that the plane crashed, the government took measures in_no_time.‎ ‎6．Be sure to switch_off the light when you leave the office.‎ ‎7．Physical exercise can help make muscles strong.What's_more,_it can help us get relaxed and study more efficiently.‎ ‎8．The Dragon Tower, from whose top visitors can have_a_good_view_of Harbin, attracts hundreds of tourists every day.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．我很讨厌这个与我一直在一起工作的伙伴，因为他很难相处。(get along with)‎ I am tired of the partner I have been working with because he is_hard_to_get_along_with.‎ ‎2．我讨厌练习弹钢琴，但我坚持了下来，现在我可以弹得很好了。(stick to)‎ I hated practicing playing the piano, but I stuck_to_it and now I can play pretty well.‎ ‎3．和快乐的人在一起，你就会每天都快乐。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)‎ Stay_with_happy_people,_and_you_will_be happy every day.‎ ‎4．在开车进城之前，你要把你的车洗了。(have sth.done)‎ Before driving into the city, you are required to have_your_car_washed.‎ ‎5．智能手机不仅占用我们宝贵的时间，而且对我们的身体健康非常有害。(not only ...but also ...)‎ ‎①Smartphones not_only take up our valuable time, but_also_do_great_harm_to our health.‎ ‎②Not_only_do_smartphones_take_up our valuable time, but_also_do_great_harm_to our health.(倒装句)‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 下面这幅图片描绘的是一幅反映十一黄金周交通堵塞及交通压力的场景。请根据你对这幅图片的理解用英语写一篇短文。内容包括：‎ ‎1．描述图中所表达的相关信息；‎ ‎2．分析此现象产生的原因；‎ ‎3．提出你的建议(至少两条)。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头已给出，不计入总词数。‎ On the sevenday national holiday many drivers became victims of traffic jams on main highways.　‎ ‎　第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本文属于图表类议论文，时态为一般现在时，人称为第三人称。文章应分三个层次：提出问题、分析问题、解决问题。即开篇描述图片中反映的交通拥堵现象(要点1) ‎；接着分析此现象产生的原因(要点2)；最后提出建议(要点3)。这三个要点比较宽泛(属于半开放式作文)，写作时应联系生活，结合实际，进行合乎逻辑的推理。如分析原因时可从汽车的数量增长、人们的出行习惯、交通系统的效率三个方面进行论述。提出建议要与产生现象的原因相结合，可以从政府、人民群众的角度来构思行文。‎ 要点1：正如图片所展示的那样，数以百万计的司机和乘客涌向高速公路回家或去旅游景点。(as, flock)‎ As_is_shown_in_the_picture,_millions_of_drivers_and_passengers_flocked_to_the_highways_to_go_home_or_to_tourist_spots.‎ 要点2－①：汽车的数量一直在增长，超过了预期。‎ The_number_of_cars_has_been_increasing_than_expected.‎ 要点2－②：更多的人喜欢开车而不是乘坐公共交通工具。‎ More_people_prefer_to_drive_their_cars_instead_of_using_public_transport.‎ 要点2－③：对于这么多的汽车来说，交通系统的效率还不够高。‎ The_traffic_system_is_not_efficient_enough_for_so_many_cars.‎ 要点3－①：政府应该改善交通系统。‎ The_government_should_improve_the_traffic_system.‎ 要点3－②：有必要为司机提供最新的交通信息。(用it作形式主语)‎ It_is_necessary_to_provide_updated_traffic_information_for_drivers.‎ 要点3－③：严格遵守交通规则将使人们驾驶更加顺畅。(动名词作主语)‎ Following_the_traffic_rules_strictly_will_make_people_drive_more_smoothly.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容充实，需要对要点进行适度拓展。要点1中可以用which引导的非限制性定语从句增加造成的结果“这使得交通非常拥堵”；分析原因时需要添加一个总起句“造成交通拥挤的原因有很多”；要点2－①可以添加由as引导的时间状语“随着经济的发展”；在提出建议之前也应有一个总起句“我们如何应付拥挤的交通？”；要点3－②可添加定语(路上的)来修饰drivers等。‎ 拓展要点1：正如图片所展示的那样，数以百万计的司机和乘客涌向高速公路回家或去旅游景点，这使得交通非常拥堵。(which引导非限制性定语从句； congestion) ‎ As_is_shown_in_the_picture,_millions_of_drivers_and_passengers_flocked_to_the_highways_to_go_home_or_to_tourist_spots,_which_caused_great_traffic_congestion.‎ 补充衔接句：造成交通拥挤的原因有很多。(There be句型)‎ There_are_many_reasons_for_the_heavy_traffic.‎ 拓展要点2－①：随着经济的发展，汽车的数量一直在增长，超过了预期。(as) ‎ As_the_economy_is_developing,_the_number_of_cars_has_been_increasing_than_expected.‎ 补充衔接句：我们如何应付拥挤的交通？(deal with)‎ How_could_we_deal_with_the_heavy_traffic?‎ 拓展要点3－②：有必要为路上的司机提供最新的交通信息。(介词短语作定语)‎ It_is_necessary_to_provide_updated_traffic_information_for_drivers_on_the_road.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本文可用“三段式”来组织全文。第一段描述现象，第二段分析原因，第三段提出建议。在“分析原因”时插入总起句“造成交通拥挤的原因有很多”，可用first， then， also等对要点进行连接；“提出建议”时插入总起句“我们如何应付拥挤的交通？”，并用in my opinion，in addition等把要点连接起来，以使文章过渡自然、行文流畅。‎ On the sevenday national holiday many drivers became victims of traffic jams on main highways.As_is_shown_in_the_picture,_millions_of_drivers_and_passengers_flocked_to_the_highways_to_go_home_or_to_tourist_spots,_which_caused_great_traffic_congestion.‎ There_are_many_reasons_for_the_heavy_traffic.First,_as_the_economy_is_developing,_the_number_of_cars_has_been_increasing_than_expected.Then,_more_people_prefer_to_drive_their_cars_instead_of_using_public_transport.Also,_the_traffic_system_is_not_efficient_enough_for_so_many_cars.‎ How_could_we_deal_with_the_heavy_traffic?_In_my_opinion,_the_government_should_improve_the_traffic_system.It_is_necessary_to_provide_updated_traffic_information_for_drivers_on_the_road.In_addition,_following the_traffic_rules_strictly_will make_people_drive_more_smoothly.‎ 理清段落结构之(二)　顺承 三类顺承段落结构：1.按事情的发展顺序，也就是事情发生的起因——经过——结果。2.按时间的推移顺序，也就是按时间的先后顺序。这个顺序的描写方式，通常都有时间词语。3.按空间的观察顺序，也就是空间位置的不同。这个顺序的描写方式，通常有地理位置的词语。这种顺承关系是下文总结段落的基础和例证。‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2018·天津卷·阅读表达 ‎[1]Some people live to climb the highest mountains. Some people live only dreaming about it while others live to avoid ever climbing at all. But one thing is certain， all people encounter mountains in their life.‎ ‎[2]When I was a little girl， my family moved to a tiny town at the bottom of a big mountain. One day after school， while exploring the green woods of this magnificent mountain， I almost fell on a set of stairs. What could these steps lead to？ Curiosity got the best of me as I knew it would be starting to get dark soon. I started climbing up those strangely mysterious steps.‎ ‎[3]I climbed and climbed. There was nothing but just green bushes and these steps. I had to reach the top！ But it was now getting real dark. If I kept going I might not be able to see my way back. My mum would be worried sick if I didn’t come home soon. So I ran back home almost in the dark while trying not to get too scared.‎ ‎[4]Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain. Could there be a castle up there？ Maybe I would find a monster (怪物).Maybe I was taking the risk of never coming back home. Or， maybe all I would find was absolutely nothing！ But something inside me was going to climb that mountain at all cost. I could hardly wait to try this adventure again.‎ ‎[5]Now we live in a world surrounded by the “can’t do” attitudes. We all fall down. We all have doubts and regrets. Still we must climb and dream about what’s at the top of our mountain. Monsters may appear or the night will fall. But never ever give up on your dream！ Never let anyone tell you，“You can’t.” Dream big and climb high！‎ ‎2～4三段文字以时间和空间为序，依次顺序承接，叙述了“我”的一次爬山过程，是下文总结段落的基础和例证。‎ ‎“承接下文”的句子 ‎“承接下文”的句子 ‎“承接下文”的句子 ‎　　　　⇩总结出 ‎[高考典例2]　2017·全国卷Ⅰ·B篇 ‎[1]I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.‎ ‎[2]I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl (猫头鹰) on the ground.When I arrived, I saw a 2 to 3weekold owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.‎ ‎[3]I examined the chick (雏鸟) and it seemed fine.If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck.My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.‎ ‎[4]The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.‎ ‎[5]Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent.I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.‎ ‎[6]A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.‎ 前五段文字以时间为序，依次顺承连接，其过程为“got a rescue call→examined→placed→parents→responded”，展示了作者成功救助一只猫头鹰雏鸟的经历。‎