2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit2TheUnitedKingdom单元学案（40页） 40页

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit2The United Kingdom单元学案 ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．kingdom n．　　　　　　　　　 王国 ‎2．province n. 省；行政区 ‎3．clarify vt. 澄清；阐明 ‎4．currency n. 货币；通货 ‎5．nationwide adj. 全国性的；全国范围的 ‎6．architecture n. 建筑学；建筑艺术 ‎7．port n. 港口(城市)‎ ‎8．fax n. 传真(机)‎ vt. 用传真传输(文件)‎ ‎9．uniform n. 制服 ‎10．wedding n. 婚礼 ‎11．royal adj. 王室的；皇家的；高贵的 ‎12．splendid adj. 壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的 ‎13．statue n．[纵联1] 塑像；雕像 ‎14．thrill vt. 使激动；使胆战心惊 ‎15．historical adj. 历史(上)的；有关历史的 ‎16．error n. 错误；过失；谬误 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．accomplish vt. 完成；达到；实现 ‎2．conflict n. 矛盾；冲突 ‎3．unwilling adj. 不愿意(的)；不乐意(的)‎ ‎4．enjoyable adj. 令人愉快的；使人高兴的 ‎5．possibility n. 可能(性)‎ ‎6．quarrel n. 争吵；争论；吵架 vi. 争吵；吵架 ‎7．sightseeing n．[纵联2] 观光；游览 ‎8．plus prep. 加上；和 adj. 加的；正的；零上的 ‎9．countryside n. 乡下；农村 ‎10．alike adj.[纵联3] 相同的；类似的 ‎11．consistent adj. 一致的 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．unite vi.&vt.联合；团结→united adj.团结的；联合的→union n．联合；联盟；结合；协会 ‎2．convenience n．便利；方便→convenient adj.方便的 ‎3．description n．描写；描述→describe vt.描述；形容；描绘 ‎4．attract vt.吸引；引起注意→attraction n．吸引；吸引力→attractive adj.有吸引力的 ‎5．arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理→arrangement n．布置；整理 ‎6．delight n．快乐；高兴；喜悦vt.使高兴；使欣喜→delighted adj.高兴的；快乐的→delightful adj.令人高兴的[纵联4]‎ ‎7．collection n．收藏品；珍藏；收集→collect vt.收集 ‎8．furnished adj.配备好装备的；带家具的→furnish vt.装修；布置→furniture n．家具；设备 ‎9．rough adj.粗糙的；粗暴的→roughly adv.粗略地；粗糙地 ‎ ‎ 纵联1.仅“一字母之差”的单词 ‎①statue雕像→status身份 ‎②affect影响→effect影响；效果 ‎③adapt适应→adopt收养 ‎④sweat汗水→sweet甜的 ‎⑤content内容→context上下文 ‎⑥march前进→match比赛 ‎⑦expand扩张→expend花费 纵联2.名词后缀ing集锦 ‎①sightseeing观光；游览　　 ②shoemaking制鞋；修补皮鞋 ‎③fishing钓鱼；捕鱼 ④advertising广告；广告宣传 ‎⑤accounting会计学 ⑥banking银行业；银行业务 ‎⑦drawing素描画 纵联3.前缀a高频表语形容词大全 ‎①alike相同的；类似的 ②asleep睡着的 ‎③alive活的；有活力的 ④awake醒着的 ‎⑤afraid害怕的 ⑥ashamed羞愧的 纵联4.让你“高兴”起来 ‎①delight n．&vt. (使)高兴；(使)喜悦 delighted adj. 快乐的；高兴的 delightful adj. 令人高兴的 ‎②happy adj. 愉快的；高兴的 happiness n. 快乐；幸福 ‎③joy n. 欢乐；高兴 joyful adj. 快乐的；高兴的 ‎④please v. 使……高兴 pleased adj. 高兴的；满意的 pleasure n. 高兴；满意 ‎⑤merry adj. 欢乐的；愉快的 merrily adv. 欢乐地；愉快地 ‎ ‎ 单元话题——英国 子话题1　地理环境 ‎①border n．边界；国界 ②harbour n．海港 ‎③strait n．海峡 ④valley n．山谷；峡谷 ‎⑤mountainous adj.多山的 ⑥remote adj.偏远的 子话题2　天气与气候 ‎①mist n．薄雾 ②frost n．霜 ‎③breeze n．微风 ④mild adj.暖和的 ‎⑤damp adj.&n.潮湿(的) ⑥foggy adj.有雾的 ‎⑦freezing adj.冻结的；极冷的 ‎⑧snowy adj.雪(白)的；下雪的 子话题3　历史与政治 ‎①queen n．女王 ②empire n．帝国 ‎③cabinet n．内阁 ④democracy n．民主 ‎⑤parliament n．议会 ⑥capitalism n．资本主义 ‎⑦prime minister n．首相 ⑧independence n．独立 ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2017•天津高考阅读A)The most awkward email mistake❶ is usually committed in anger. You write an unkind message about someone, intending to send it to a friend, but accidentally send it to the person you’re discussing. In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as __❷__ (possibility) and say sorry. Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly — see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.‎ ‎①写出本单元与加黑词意义相近的词：error ‎②用possibility的适当形式填空：possible;_as soon as possible意为“尽快”‎ ‎2．(2015•全国卷Ⅱ阅读D)With 500 years of history, Hampton Court was once the home of four Kings and one Queen. Now this former royal❶ palace is open to the public as a major tourist __❷__ (attract). Visit the palace and its various historic❸ gardens, which include the famous maze (迷宫) where it is easy to get lost!‎ ‎①选出royal在句中的含义：__A__‎ A．王室的　B．庄严的　C．高贵的　‎ ‎②用attract的适当形式填空：attraction，与其前tourist搭配意为旅游景点 ‎③写出加黑词在本单元中的同根形容词：historical 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我们已经安排好这部英文短片将在明天下午7：30在学校大厅放映。 (arrange)‎ We_have_arranged_that_the_short_English_film_will_be_on_show_in_the_school_hall_at_7：30_pm_tomorrow.‎ ‎2．(2017•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)如果你对中国民间艺术感兴趣，请尽早给我发邮件。(convenience)‎ If_you_are_interested_in_the_Chinese_folk_art,_please_email_me_at_your_earliest_convenience.‎ ‎3．(2017•江苏高考书面表达)因此，电影产业应该做出更大的努力来吸引更多的观众。 (attract)‎ Therefore,_the_film_industry_should_make_greater_efforts_to_attract_more_viewers.‎ ‎ (二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．convenience n．便利；方便；便利的事物；便利设施 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)for convenience　　　　　　　　 为方便起见 at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候 ‎(2)convenient adj. 方便的；便利的 It is convenient for sb.to do sth. 某人方便做某事 ‎(3)inconvenience n. 不方便；不便 inconvenient adj. 不方便的 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①I would be very grateful if you could inform me of your decisions at your earliest convenience.‎ ‎②The secretary arranged a convenient (convenience) time and place for the applicants to have an interview.‎ ‎③In the past several weeks, many cities in Northern China have been suffering from heavy fogs, causing great inconvenience (convenient) to people.‎ ‎[用准]　(1)convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when it is convenient for you，而不是when you are convenient。(2)convenience意为“方便；‎ 便利”时为不可数名词；表示“便利的事物；便利设施”时为可数名词。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2016•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)如果你方便的话，我们上午8：30在学校门口外面见面。‎ If_it_is_convenient_for_you,_let’s meet at 8：30 am outside the school gate.‎ ‎2．attract vt.吸引；引起注意 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)attract one’s attention/mind　　 吸引某人的注意力 attract sb.to sth. 吸引某人关注某事 ‎(2)attraction n． 吸引力；吸引；有吸引力的地方 a tourist attraction 旅游景点 ‎(3)attractive adj. 有吸引力的；引起注意的；引起兴趣的 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①The company is starting a new campaign_to_attract (attract) new customers to its stores.‎ ‎②No matter how attractive (attract) they look in the store, once I get them home they’re always dry, hard, and tasteless.‎ ‎③(2016•全国卷Ⅰ)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top attraction (attract)．‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎④(2017•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这个展览将会吸引来自国内外许多游客的注意力。‎ The_exhibition_will_attract_a_large_number_of_visitors’_attention_from_home_and_abroad.‎ ‎3．arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)arrange sth.for sb.　　　　 为某人安排某事 arrange to do sth. 安排做某事 arrange for ... to do sth. 安排……做某事 arrange that ... 商定……；安排……‎ ‎(2)arrangement n. 安排；筹备；布置；整理 make arrangements for 为……做好安排 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.‎ ‎②If you are interested, please sign up at the office before 5：00 p．m. next Thursday so that we will make necessary arrangements (arrange)．‎ 单句改错 ‎③I have arranged Tom to pick up the experts at the airport.arranged后加for ‎[用准]　(1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb. to do sth.而不用 arrange sb. to do sth.。‎ ‎(2)make arrangements (for sth./for sb. to do sth.)中的arrangement常用复数形式。‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2015•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我想告诉你，我和我的同学已安排好下周六重阳节去访问附近的敬老院。‎ I’d like to tell you that my classmates and I have_arranged_to_visit_the_nearby_nursing_home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.‎ ‎4．delight n．快乐；高兴；喜悦vt.&vi.(使)高兴；(使)欣喜 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)delight sb.with sth.　 　 　　　 用某物使某人高兴 delight in (doing) sth. 以(做)某事为乐 ‎(2)take (great) delight in 以……为乐 with delight 高兴地；愉快地 to one’s delight 令某人高兴的是 ‎(3)delighted adj. 欣喜的；快乐的 be delighted at/with/by 为……而高兴 be delighted to do sth./in doing sth.　　 为做某事而高兴；乐意做某事 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①I’m delighted (delight) to have been invited to your school to talk to you about the history of Olympic Games.‎ ‎②He was very delighted at/by/with the news that he won first prize in the competition.‎ ‎③(2015•福建高考)To my delight, I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.‎ ‎[写美]　一句多译 ‎ (2018•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我非常高兴有机会告诉你有关中国文化和餐桌礼仪的事情。‎ ‎④What_delights_me_most is that I have a chance to tell you something about Chinese culture and table manners.(delight vt.)‎ ‎⑤I’m_more_than_delighted_to_have a chance to tell you something about Chinese culture and table manners.(delighted)‎ ‎⑥Much_to_my_delight,_I have a chance to tell you something about Chinese culture and table manners.(delight n．)‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．We should settle conflicts (冲突) in a peaceful way, thus friendship comes into being.‎ ‎2．This is a good chance to go abroad, so she is unwilling (不愿意的) to give it up.‎ ‎3．People working for big organizations like the police and the postal service all wear uniforms (制服)．‎ ‎4．We spent the days going sightseeing (观光) and the evenings sitting in ‎ the bars drinking the local wine.‎ ‎5．He planned to deliver a speech to clarify (阐明) the situation.‎ ‎6．What you’re saying now is not consistent (一致的) with what you said last week.‎ ‎7．Having quarrelled (争吵) with his wife about who should wash the dishes, he felt very upset.‎ ‎8．There is a possibility (可能性) that the company will suffer a great loss this month.‎ ‎9. (2018•6月浙江高考)Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood.The easiest way to accomplish (达到；实现) this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.‎ ‎10．(2016•全国卷Ⅱ)A new collection (收集) of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．This job doesn’t pay well, but it’ll roughly (rough) cover your daily expenses.‎ ‎2．Cars have become a popular means of transport, bringing great_convenience (convenient) to our life.‎ ‎3．It is wellknown that the beauty of West Lake in Hangzhou is beyond description.‎ ‎4．I think this was perhaps the most enjoyable (enjoy) occasion we have ‎ ever had at the White House.‎ ‎5．There are different kinds of flowers in the park, attracting (attract) lots of visitors every day.‎ ‎6．It is hoped that this project to_be_accomplished (accomplish) by the end of 2020 will be a popular tourist attraction of the city.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．Will you be convenient to chat with me on the Internet tonight？you→it ‎2．I can’t tell you how delight I was when I received the beautiful birthday present you gave me.delight→delighted ‎3．I have arranged him to meet you at the hall on the first floor.arranged_后加for ‎4．There is no possibility he will be defeated in the game.‎ possibility后加that ‎5．Rough speaking, there are three possible ways to handle the problem.Rough→Roughly Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子/一句多译 ‎1．那个项目在会上一经提出，就引起了许多人的注意。(attract)‎ As soon as the project came up at the meeting, it attracted_many_people’s_attention.‎ ‎2．我很高兴应邀前来贵校做演讲。‎ ‎①I am_delighted_to have been invited to your school to deliver a ‎ speech.(delighted)‎ ‎②Much_to_my_delight,_I have been invited to your school to deliver a speech.(delight n．)‎ ‎③What_delights_me is that I have been invited to your school to deliver a speech.(delight vt.)‎ ‎3．如果你方便的话，应该多进行户外运动，它有助于你保持良好的心态。‎ ‎①If it_is_convenient_for_you,_you should do more outdoor exercise, which can contribute to you keeping up a good state of mind.(convenient)‎ ‎②At_your_convenience,_you should do more outdoor exercise, which can contribute to you keeping up a good state of mind.(convenience)‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ ‎1．consist_of　　　　　　　　 由……组成 ‎2．divide_..._into 把……分成 ‎3．refer_to 谈到；说到；参考；涉及；指的是 ‎4．break_away_(from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离 ‎5．take_the_place_of [串记1] 代替 ‎6．to_one’s_credit 　[串记2] 为……带来荣誉；‎ ‎ 值得赞扬；在……名下 ‎7．leave_out 省去；遗漏；不考虑 ‎8．break_down (机器)损坏；破坏 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.各种“代替”表达法 ‎①take the place of ②take one’s place ‎③replace sb./sth. ④in place of ‎⑤substitute for ⑥instead of 串记2.“to one’s＋n.”必备短语荟萃 ‎①to one’s credit 为……带来荣誉 ‎②to one’s astonishment 令某人惊奇的是 to one’s surprise 令某人惊奇的是 ‎③to one’s delight 令某人高兴的是 to one’s joy 令某人高兴的是 ‎④to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是 ‎⑤to one’s regret 使某人感到遗憾的是 ‎⑥to one’s sorrow 使某人伤心的是 ‎ ‎ ‎1．keep one’s eyes open　　　　 留心看 ‎2．in memory of 纪念……‎ ‎3．make a list of 列出……的清单 ‎4．at one time 曾经；一度 ‎5．under construction 在建设中 ‎6．on special occasions 在特殊的场合 ‎7．in the same peaceful way 用同样和平的方式 ‎8．be unwilling_to do sth. 不愿意做某事 ‎ ‎ ‎1．You must_keep_your_eyes_open if you are going to make_your_trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable_and_worthwhile.‎ 要使你的英国之行愉快且值得，你就必须留心观察。‎ ‎2．Worried_about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.‎ 由于担心时间不够，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的地点列了清单。‎ ‎3．It looked splendid_when_first_built!‎ 刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！‎ ‎4．It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.‎ 这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。‎ ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的短语(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2016•天津高考阅读A)Students are provided with breakfast, dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch [which consists_of (由……组成) a sandwich, a drink and a dessert]．‎ ‎2．(2016•天津高考阅读D)Applying my own rule, I determined to write them in alphabetical order(按字母顺序), never letting myself leave_out ‎ ‎(遗漏) a tough idea.‎ ‎3．(2014•安徽高考任务型读写)A final point to bear in mind is that the term “classical music” is used to refer_to (指的是) a great variety of music, from jazz to pieces for large orchestras (管弦乐队)．‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(补全句子)‎ ‎1．(2014•江苏高考书面表达)随着英语词汇在媒体和日常生活中流行起来，一本中文字典收录了其中的239个，让公众分为两个对立的群体：“支持”和“反对”。(分词短语作状语)‎ With English words getting popular in both media and daily life, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them, leaving_the_public_divided_into_two_opposing__groups:_“For” and “Against”．‎ ‎2．(2014•重庆高考写作)在我看来，在我们现实生活中我们应该重视我们的朋友，而不是手机，这一点很重要。(it be＋adj.＋that ...)‎ In my opinion, it_is_important_that_we_(should)_value_our_friends instead of phones in our real life.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．consist of由……组成 ‎[记牢]‎ (1)be made up ofbe composed of　　　 由……组成 ‎(2)consist in＝lie in 存在于；在于 consist with 与……一致/相符 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①The company consisting (consist) of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis.‎ ‎②Success consists in the ability to continue efforts through failures.‎ ‎③(2015•浙江高考)Listening is thus an active, not a passive, behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.‎ ‎[用准]　consist of, belong to, come into being等几个短语都不能用于被动语态和进行时态。‎ ‎[写美]　一句多译 生活中不仅仅有阳光，还有艰难的日子。‎ ‎④Life consists_of not only sunshine but also hard times.‎ ‎⑤Life is_made_up_of/is_composed_of not only sunshine but also hard times.‎ ‎⑥Not only sunshine but also hard times make_up life.‎ ‎2．take the place of代替；取代 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)take one’s place　　　 代替；就位 take place 发生；举行 ‎(2)in place 在适当的位置；适当 in place of 代替 ‎[练通]　选用上述短语填空 ‎①As we all know, the 32nd Summer Olympics will take_place in Tokyo in 2020.‎ ‎②To find them easily, you’d better put your books in_place.‎ ‎[写美]　一句多译 经理将要出差，我将代替他参加会议。‎ ‎③The manager will be away on business and I’ll take_his_place_to_attend the meeting.‎ ‎④The manager will be away on business and I’ll take_the_place_of_him_to_attend the meeting.‎ ‎⑤The manager will be away on business and I’ll attend_the_meeting_in_place_of_him.‎ ‎3．break down(机器)出故障；破坏；(谈判、计划等)失败；破裂；(身体)垮掉；(化学)分解 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中break down的含义 ‎①The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.(谈判)失败 ‎②You will break down if you always stay up late.(身体)垮掉 ‎③ We were downloading learning materials when our computer broke down.出故障 ‎④(2018•北京高考)Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills._(化学)分解 ‎[记牢]‎ break away (from)　　　　 挣脱(束缚)；脱离；摆脱 break off 中断；折断 break into 闯入 break out 爆发；发生 break up 驱散；打碎；分手；结束 ‎[练通]　选用上述短语填空 ‎⑤She is trying to break_away_from the bad habit, which makes her parents happy.‎ ‎⑥A fire broke_out last night, which caused a lot of damage.‎ ‎⑦The room is in a mess. It must have been broken_into while we were away.‎ ‎[写美]　词汇升级 ‎⑧The elevator didn’t work and we had to walk up to the tenth floor.(升级加黑词汇)‎ ‎→The elevator broke_down and we had to walk up to the tenth floor.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ It seemed strange/important ... that ...‎ ‎[教材原句]　It_seemed_strange_that the man who had developed communism should_have_lived_and_died in London.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)(2016•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)It_seemed_strange_that I should be so busy this weekend.‎ 这似乎是一件怪事：这个周末我竟然这么忙。‎ ‎(2)You can’t imagine that a wellbehaved gentleman should_be_so_rude_to a lady.‎ 你想象不出这么彬彬有礼的绅士竟然对一位女士如此粗鲁。‎ ‎(3)It is a great pity that the young man should_have_missed such a golden opportunity.‎ 真可惜，这位年轻人竟会失去这样一个绝好的机会。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 (1)It＋seems/seemed＋adj.＋that ...“好像……，似乎……”；that从句常用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”。 ‎ ‎(2)should常用于名词性从句中，表示“惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此”，意为“竟然；居然”。 ‎ ‎(3)it作形式主语，而真正的主语是that引导的从句。常用句式还有：It is important/necessary/natural that ...；It is a pity/shame/pleasure/surprise that ...等。‎ 注意事项 本句型如果描述现在或将要发生的事情，用“should＋do”的形式；如果描述过去发生的事情用“should have done”的形式。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2016•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)It’s a great pity that I have to cancel the Sunday bookstore appointment with you.(开头句)‎ ‎(2)It’s strange that he should have failed the exam.(要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 take the place of， break down， consist of， to one’s credit， refer to， leave out， in memory of， be divided into ‎1．Our country is like a big family, consisting_of fiftysix nations.‎ ‎2．The town was named after Mr.Smith, in_memory_of his great contributions to its development. ‎ ‎3．The most important words in this sentence have been left_out,_so it doesn’t make any sense.‎ ‎4．It was foolish of you to refer_to your notes in such an important test. As a result, you got punished.‎ ‎5．Gradually, green cars are going to take_the_place_of cars which pollute heavily.‎ ‎6．He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the airconditioning system broke_down.‎ ‎7．The library_is_divided_into three zones, and the upper floor is a quiet zone with over half a thousand seats for silent reading.‎ ‎8．It is greatly_to_your_credit that you gave back the money you had found in the hotel.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．如果我们想有一个好的学习环境，我们必须保持校园干净整洁。(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)‎ We must keep_the_campus_clean_and_tidy,_if we want to have a good studying environment.‎ ‎2．在森林中迷了路，我们不得不待在原地等待救援。(分词作状语)‎ Lost_in_the_forest,_we had to remain where we were, waiting for help.‎ ‎3．遗憾的是他没有足够的钱开展这个计划。(it is＋n.＋that ...)‎ It_is_a_pity_that he doesn’t have enough money to carry out the project.‎ ‎4．按照说明吃时，这种药就没有副作用。(省略句)‎ When_taken according to the directions, the drug has no side effects.‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 假定你是李华，你校外籍教师Lucy打算下周末去北京进行一次短途旅行，希望你推荐一个最值得去的景点。请你用英文给她回复一封邮件，向她推荐颐和园。内容包括：‎ ‎1．简要介绍颐和园(中国现存的最完整的皇家园林，著名景点包括昆明湖、万寿山、十七孔桥等)；‎ ‎2．如有需要，愿作向导。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。‎ 参考词汇：万寿山：Wanshou Hill 十七孔桥：the 17Arch Bridge Dear Lucy，‎ I’m more than delighted to hear that you are going to take a short trip to ‎ Beijing next weekend.　‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 　‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本文属于应用文中的推荐信，时态为一般现在时，人称以第一、二人称为主。文章应分三个层次：开头点明写信的目的——推荐去颐和园；主体部分简要介绍颐和园(中国现存的最完整的皇家园林，著名景点包括昆明湖、万寿山、十七孔桥等)，由于所给要点比较齐全，只要灵活表达不要遗漏即可，没有必要再发挥想象；尾段提出游览时的建议并说明如有需要，愿作向导。‎ 要点1：我写信向您推荐颐和园。‎ I’m_writing_to_recommend_the_Summer_Palace_to_you.‎ 要点2－①：它是中国现存的最完整的皇家园林。(royal garden)‎ It_is_the_most_complete_royal_garden_that_exists_in_China.‎ 要点2－②：它包括昆明湖、万寿山、十七孔桥和许多其他景点。(consist of)‎ It_consists_of_Kunming_Lake,_Wanshou_Hill,_the_17Arch_Bridge_and_many_other_attractions.‎ 要点3－①：我建议您列出您想看的地方。‎ I_suggest_that_you_make_a_list_of_what_you_want_to_see.‎ 要点3－②：为了使旅行愉快，您一定要留心观察。‎ You_do_keep_your_eyes_open_to_make_your_trip_enjoyable.‎ 要点3－③：如果有必要，我愿意作您的向导并在旅行中给您详细描述。‎ If_necessary,_I’d_like_to_be_your_guide_and_give_you_a_detailed_description_during_your_trip.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容更充实、更丰满，我们需要对基本要点适度拓展。如要点2－②增加“它是一个世界著名的旅游景点”并使用非谓语动词；在要点2－②后增加“在游览园林时，您可能感到奇怪的是古代中国人竟然建造了这么壮观的建筑物”充实文章；要点3－①增加条件状语从句“如果您担心时间不够”；要点3－②增加时间状语从句“参观这个皇家园林时”。‎ 拓展要点2－②：它是一个世界著名的旅游景点，包括昆明湖、万寿山、十七孔桥和许多其他景点。(v.ing形式作定语)‎ It_is_a_worldfamous_tourist_attraction_consisting_of_Kunming_Lake,_Wanshou_Hill,_the_17Arch_Bridge_and_many_other_attractions.‎ 补充要点2：在游览园林时，您可能感到奇怪的是古代中国人竟然建造了这么壮观的建筑物。(时间状语从句，splendid)‎ When_you_wander_around_it,_it_may_seem_strange_to_you_that_the_ancient_Chinese_should_have_built_such_splendid_buildings.‎ 拓展要点3－①：如果您担心时间不够，我建议您列出你想看的地方。(条件状语从句)‎ If_you_are_worried_about_time_available,_I_suggest_that_you_make_a_list_of_what_you_want_to_see.‎ 拓展要点3－②：参观这个皇家园林时，为了使旅行愉快，您一定要留心观察。(状语从句的省略)‎ While_visiting_the_palace,_do_keep_your_eyes_open_to_make_your_trip_enjoyable.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 结合要点，文章可采用三段式结构组织全文。根据上下文之间的逻辑关系，可添加连接词now， as we all know， meanwhile衔接要点，让文章显得顺畅自然。‎ Dear Lucy，‎ I’m more than delighted to hear that you are going to take a short trip to Beijing next weekend.Now,_I’m_writing_to_recommend_the_Summer_Palace_to_you.‎ As_we_all_know,_it_is_the_most_complete_royal_garden_that_exists_in_China.Meanwhile,_it_is_a_worldfamous_tourist_attraction_consisting_of_Kunming_Lake,_Wanshou_Hill,_the_17Arch_Bridge_and_many_other_attractions.When_you_wander_around_it,_it_may_seem_strange_to_you_that_the_ancient_Chinese_should_have_built_such_splendid_buildin gs.‎ If_you_are_worried_about_time_available,_I_suggest_that_you_make_a_list_of_what_you_want_to_see.While_visiting_the_palace,_do_keep_your_eyes_open_to_make_your_trip_enjoyable._If_necessary,_I’d_like_to_be_your_guide_and_give_you_a_detailed_description_during_your_trip.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎ 理清段落结构之(四)　总结 具有总结性段落的标志词(句)有：‎ ‎1．一般情况下出现the research/report indicates, the research/report suggests等类似的结论建议性表达方式时，表明此处为文中提及的实验和研究的结果或作者要阐明论证的结果。‎ ‎2．转折词：一般而言，作者常常借用转折连词来引出文章或段落的主旨大意，如but, yet, however。需要注意的是转折连词后面的内容往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点，而这又常常是文章主旨的关键所在。‎ ‎3．其他常见标志性词(句)：on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus, I agree with the opinion that ...; Given all these points above, I would support the idea that ...; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer ...‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2018•全国卷Ⅰ•D篇 So what’s the solution (解决方案)? The team’s data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more ondemand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.‎ 以转折词but作出总结 ‎[高考典例2]　2018•江苏卷•D篇 However, the research — involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12 — suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.‎ 以However作出总结 ‎[高考典例3]　2017•北京卷•阅读七选五 Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. It’s as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. “You keep what matters，” Tononi says.‎ 以suggests作出总结 ‎[高考典例4]　2015•广东卷•完形填空 On the whole, our population is getting older.The changes in our ‎ population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life.Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see chances, not disaster.Today, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in mind if not in age.‎ 以短语on the whole作出总结 ‎[高考典例5]　2013•浙江卷•D篇 As the year progressed, we spent many hours discussing literature and ideas about human beings and their motivations. He helped me identify my weaknesses and my strengths. In short, he made a teacher of me by teaching me the reality of Emerson’s words: “The secret to education lies in respecting the pupil.”‎ 以短语in short作出总结 ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 You have just won five million yuan in a lottery (彩票) — how would you spend it? Before you know it, ten minutes has gone on daydreaming.There is a time and a place for daydreaming, but we don’t have much control over that.Isn’t it worrying that an estimated 30 to 50 percent of our waking time is spent daydreaming? What if your dentist is having that lottery daydream while removing your rotten tooth?‎ Some studies suggest daydreaming makes us unhappy because we are not focusing on what is around us but are instead thinking about the past or ‎ future.However, a recent study published in the journal Neuropsychologia finds that mindwandering can be of benefit to us.The researchers measured the brain patterns of more than 100 people using an MRI (核磁共振成像) scanner.This data was compared with tests on creative ability and a questionnaire on how much their minds usually wandered.Those whose minds wandered the most scored higher in creative ability tests and had more efficient brain systems measured in the MRI machine.‎ Being efficient at mindwandering means you can_zone_out and then naturally tune back in without missing any important point or step.Christine Godwin, the lead author of the latest study from the Georgia Institute of Technology, says that if you are focusing on difficult tasks, your performance will drop if your mind wanders.But when tasks are easy, people who have high cognitive ability can let their minds wander because it does not affect their performance.You may be thinking about upcoming goals or problemsolving.These are some of the positive sides to mindwandering.‎ Mindwandering can vary between being more practical or more emotional.What mindwandering seems to be best at, researchers say, is coming up with new solutions to old problems.So, it’s not always a waste of time!‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。最近一项研究表明思维漫游对人的创造力发展有好处。‎ ‎1．The first paragraph serves as a(n) ________.‎ A．explanation　　　　　　 　B．introduction C．comment D．background 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，本段引出了“做白日梦”即思维漫游这个话题，故选B项。‎ ‎2．The study published in Neuropsychologia shows that ________.‎ A．daydreaming makes us unhappy B．we are focusing on the past or future C．mindwandering is related to creative ability D．the MRI scanner is helpful in measuring the brain patterns 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, a recent study ...Those whose minds wandered the most scored higher in creative ability tests”可知，《神经心理学》杂志上发表的一项研究发现，思维漫游对人们有好处，那些思维漫游最多的人在创造力测试中得分更高，故C项“思维漫游和创造力有关”符合文意。‎ ‎3．What does the underlined phrase in Paragraph 3 mean?‎ A．Get distracted. B．Focus on.‎ C．Be affected. D．Have control.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线短语后的“and then naturally tune back in without missing any important point or step(然后自然地调整回来，而不遗漏任何重要的观点或步骤)”可知，zone out意为“走神，分心”，故选A项。‎ ‎4．What is the main idea of the passage?‎ A．Mindwandering might be dangerous.‎ B．Daydreaming might bring benefits.‎ C．Mindwandering is not a waste of time.‎ D．Daydreaming is hard to be controlled.‎ 解析：选B　主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“However, a recent study published in the journal Neuropsychologica finds that mindwandering can be of benefit to us.”可知，“做白日梦”即思维漫游对人们有好处。故选B项。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2019•石家庄市重点中学高三摸底)On my way back home I was stopped at traffic lights by some people who asked for help.A woman — in her attempt to give __1__ to an ambulance — had driven her car over stony obstacles that separated the bike line from the street, and, as a result, had gotten her car __2__.She couldn’t move the car in any __3__ without damaging it.A couple of people tried to __4__ the car back but the obstacles were too high.Seeing that they couldn’t do much about it, they left.The woman in the car tried to __5__ some service, and was told that it would take about 45 minutes for someone to get there.‎ While watching the other people __6__.I realized the woman would be on her own and I imagined how __7__ that would be if I were in her shoes.After some talking, she __8__ me to sit inside her car.‎ I wasn’t in a hurry, so I __9__ my family that I would be later and then tried to __10__ the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others __11__.But actually it wasn’t too much trouble __12__ they could still pass, and also there wasn’t anything she could do about it __13__. We laughed and __14__ that all we needed was some tea for our picnic.‎ Finally __15__ came and helped her back on the street. She __16__ me and asked for my phone number so she could return the __17__， but I told her it was okay.She seemed to feel much __18__ when we said our goodbyes.I believe that not having to face a difficult situation __19__ can make a lot of__20__.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者安慰并帮助一位在马路上因为给救护车让行而陷入困境的女士的故事。‎ ‎1．A.signal B．way C．time D．help 解析：选B　一位女士试图给一辆救护车让行。give way to ...“让行”，为固定搭配。故选B。‎ ‎2．A.stuck B．broken C．dirty D．abandoned 解析：选A　根据下文“She couldn’t move the car”可推知，因为给救护车让行，这位女士的车卡(stuck)在那里不能移动。‎ ‎3．A.sense B．minute C．direction D．line 解析：选C　在不损坏车的情况下，无论往哪个方向(direction)都无法移动。‎ ‎4．A.lift B．hold C．pull D．drive 解析：选A　根据上文“She couldn’t move the car”以及下文“but the obstacles were too high”可推知，车子卡在那里，障碍物太高，不能被抬(lift)回来。‎ ‎5．A.offer B．seek C．refuse D．take 解析：选B　那位女士在车里试图寻求(seek)一些能提供帮助的服务。‎ ‎6．A.shout B．discuss C．stand D．leave 解析：选D　根据上文中的“Seeing that they couldn’t do much about it, they left.”可知，当时其他人因为帮不了什么忙，都走开(leave)了。‎ ‎7．A.amazing B．pleasant C．uneasy D．incredible 解析：选C　根据上文可知，那位女士的车被卡在障碍物上，其他人又帮不上忙，作者将心比心，觉得此情此景，那位女士一定不舒服(uneasy)。‎ ‎8．A.forced B．invited C．ordered D．allowed 解析：选B　根据语境可推知，那位女士邀请(invited)作者坐进她的 车里。‎ ‎9．A.consulted B．warned C．advised D．informed 解析：选D　根据语境及下文“I would be later”可推知，作者是告知(informed)家人一些情况。‎ ‎10．A.persuade B．comfort C．frighten D．satisfy 解析：选B　根据空后的“the woman who seemed to feel stressed about causing others __11__”可推知，那位女士似乎感到焦虑不安，作者试图宽慰(comfort)她。‎ ‎11．A.trouble B．disbelief C．anxiety D．embarrassment 解析：选A　根据下文中的“But actually it wasn’t too much trouble __12__ they could still pass”可推知，那位女士为给他人带来麻烦(trouble)而感到焦虑不安。‎ ‎12．A.though B．until C．since D．unless 解析：选C　根据语境可推知，此处前后内容表示逻辑上的因果关系。故since“因为”符合语境。‎ ‎13．A.anyway B．therefore C．still D．somehow 解析：选A　根据上文“She couldn’t move the car in any __3__ without ‎ damaging it.”可推知，无论如何(anyway)，那位女士对当时那种情况也是无能为力的。‎ ‎14．A.remembered B．realized C．thought D．joked 解析：选D　由空前的“We laughed”可推知，作者和那位女士当时都笑了，并且开着玩笑(joked)。‎ ‎15. A．news B．my partner C．assistance D．an ambulance 解析：选C　根据空后的“helped her back on the street”可推知，最终援助(assistance)到了，帮那位女士回到了路上。‎ ‎16．A.greeted B．thanked C．accepted D．attracted 解析：选B　根据语境可知，作者去安慰那位受困的女士，那位女士在最终解困后应是感谢(thanked)作者。‎ ‎17．A.car B．company C．favor D．picnic 解析：选C　根据语境可推知，那位女士想要作者的电话号码，以回报作者的帮助(favor)。‎ ‎18．A.nervous B．unwilling C．disappointed D．better 解析：选D　根据语境可知，那位女士从困境中解脱出来，感觉比之前好了许多。故D项符合语境。‎ ‎19．A.alone B．bravely C．bitterly D．directly 解析：选A　根据上文可知，由于作者的帮助和安慰，那位女士最终心情变得好了许多，由此可推知，她当时不是独自(alone)面对困境。‎ ‎20．A.decision B．fortune C．choice D．difference 解析：选D　根据上文可知，作者认为不用独自面对困境可以产生很大影响(difference)。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 When I was a university student, I __1__ (attract) by the Chinese.So I got a job as a teacher in Wuhan three years ago.__2__ (think) back, I realize it was the students I met in the first year and Chinese university life in general __3__ gave me the deepest impression.‎ During my schooldays, I would rarely give up my spare time to any activity __4__ (connect) with study.Unless exams were approaching, my weekends were devoted to having fun or perhaps a parttime job.My Chinese classmates, __5__ the other hand, seemed to spend their entire waking hours studying.I understand that competition in Chinese universities is extremely fierce.Nonetheless, their energy and motivation put __6__ (I) to shame.‎ My first year in China was also my first year as a teacher.It was both challenging __7__ rewarding.One thing I know for certain is that my year ‎ in Wuhan helped me change for the __8__ (good)．Thanks to the politeness and __9__ (warm) of Chinese students, I overcame my fear of speaking in public and became more selfconfident.Most __10__ (important), I met dozens of nice people and made many excellent friends.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者三年前来到武汉，并成为一名老师。中国学生以及中国的大学生活令作者印象深刻。在中国的教学经历也使作者自身得到提升和改变。‎ ‎1．was attracted　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语I与动词attract之间为被动关系，所以空处应用被动语态；结合时间状语从句“When I was a university student”可知，此处叙述的是过去的情况，故所填谓语动词用一般过去时，故此处填was attracted。‎ ‎2．Thinking　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，I与动词think之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，且非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎与谓语动词realize所表示的动作同时发生，故此处应用动词ing形式，故此处填Thinking。‎ ‎3．that　考查强调句型。谓语动词realize之后所接的是省略that的宾语从句，而该从句属于强调句型，所强调的部分是“the students I met ...in general”，包含人和事物，所以空处应填that。‎ ‎4．connected　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词connect与activity之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用connect的过去分词形式作后置定语。‎ ‎5．on　考查介词。由语境可知，此处表示两种情况的对比，应用介词on, on the other hand为固定搭配，意为“另一方面”。‎ ‎6．me　考查代词。所填词作动词的宾语，故用人称代词I的宾格形式me。‎ ‎7．and　考查连词。此处表示“这既具有挑战性又有意义”。both ...and ...意为“既……又……”。‎ ‎8．better　考查形容词比较级。结合下文中的“I overcame my fear of speaking in public and became more selfconfident”可知，此处指的是“在武汉的这一年使我变得更好”，故用better。‎ ‎9．warmth　考查名词。thanks to为介词短语，其后可接名词作宾语，再结合“politeness and”可知，空处应填warmth。‎ ‎10．importantly　考查副词。结合语境可知，此处表示“最重要的是”，修饰整个句子，应用副词，故此处应填importantly。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2019•成都市毕业班摸底)It was my birthday and I was looking forward to see my friends.We were meeting at my favorite Italian restaurant.I was exciting and got to a restaurant at exactly 7 o’clock.I looked around for a familiar face but failed.I decided not to wait for him patiently.The restaurant quickly filled up with customer, but none of them were my friends.I called Lily, but she didn’t answer.I felt lonely and sadly.My friends had forgotten my birthday.I went home, opened the door and walk into the dark house.Suddenly the lights went off and my friends jumped ‎ up and shouted “Surprise！” They hadn’t forgotten, it was the best birthday ever.‎ 答案：第一句：see→seeing 第三句：exciting→excited; a→the 第五句：去掉not; him→them 第六句：customer→customers 第八句：sadly→sad 第十句：walk→walked 第十一句：off→on 第十二句：it前加and