2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit2Cloning单元学案（19页word解析版） 19页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit2Cloning单元学案 一单元基础训练 一、单元单词短语回顾 differ  [ˈdifə] vi. 不同；相异 exact  [igˈzækt] adj. 精确的；准确的 ‎△cutting  [ˈkʌtiŋ] n.剪枝；剪报；剪纸 twin  [twin] n.双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一 adj.成对的；成双的 ‎△identical [aiˈdentikəl] adj. 同一的；一模一样的 commercial  [kəˈmə:ʃəl] adj. 商业的；贸易的 straightforward  [streit'fɔ:wəd] adj. 简单的；直接的；坦率的 ‎△complicated  [ˈkɔmplikeitid] adj. 复杂的；难懂的 undertake [ˌʌndəˈteik] vt. (undertook, undertaken) 着手；从事；承担 pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 breakthrough  [ˈbreikθru:] n. 突破 procedure  [prəˈsi:dʒə] n. 程序；步骤；手续 ‎△nucleus  [ˈnju:kliəs] n.原子核；中心 ‎△somatic [səˈmætik] adj. 躯体的；肉体的；细胞体的 ‎△embryo  [ˈembriəu] n. 胚；胚胎；萌牙时期 carrier  [ˈkæriə] n. 携带者；搬运工；运输工具 cast [kɑ:st] vt. 扔；投；掷 cast down 沮丧；不愉快 altogether  [ˌɔ:ltəˈgeðə] adv. 总共；完全地 arbitrary  [ˈɑ:bitrəri] adj. 任意的 ‎△fate  [feit] n. 命运；天命 correction  [kəˈrekʃən] n. 改正；纠正；修正 object [əbˈdʒekt] vi. 反对；不赞成 objection  [əbˈdʒekʃən] n. 不赞成； 反对；异议 ‎△impact  [ˈimpækt] n. 撞击；冲击；巨大的影响 medium  [ˈmi:diəm] n.媒介；手段；工具 the media 大众传播媒体（如电视、报纸等）‎ obtain  [əbˈtein] vt. 获得；赢得 attain  [əˈtein] vt. 获得；到达（水平、年龄、状况等）‎ moral  [ˈmɔrəl] adj. 道德（上）的；伦理的 conservative  [kənˈsə:vətiv]adj.保守的；守旧的 forbid [fəˈbid] vt. (forbade,forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准 accumulate[əˈkju:mjuleit] vt.积累；聚保 in favour of 赞成；支持 side road 旁路；支线；岔道 ‎ ‎(<美>sidewalk)‎ constitution[ˌkɔnstiˈtju:ʃən]n.宪法；‎ 章程 Compulsory [kəmˈpʌlsəri]adj.必须做的；义务的；强迫的；强制的 opera  [ˈɔpərə]n.歌剧；歌剧团；歌剧院 chorus  [ˈkɔ:rəs] n. 合唱；合唱队 loaf  [ləuf] n. 一条（面包）‎ flour  [ˈflauə] n. 面粉 owe [əu] vt. 欠（账、钱、人情等）；归功于……‎ shortly  [ˈʃɔ:tli] adv. 立刻；不久 retire  [riˈtaiə] vi. 退休；离开 bother  [ˈbɔðə] vt.打扰 vi.操心 ‎ ‎ n.烦扰 ‎(be) bound to (do) 一定或注定（做）……‎ assumption [əˈsʌmpʃən] n. 假定；设想 regulation  [ˌregjuˈleiʃən] n.规则；规章；法规 ‎△nonsense  [ˈnɔnsəns] n. 胡说；无稽 之谈；废话 ‎△popularity  [ˌpɔpjuˈlæriti] n. 受人喜爱；流行 ‎△Jurassic Park 侏罗纪公园（美国电影名）‎ strike  [straik] vi & vt. (struck) 打；撞击；罢工 strike…into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心 ‎△bison：['baisn]   n. 北美或欧洲野牛 ‎△calf  [kɑ:f] n. 小牛；牛犊 from time to time 不时；偶尔 bring back to life 使复生；使复活 initial [iˈniʃəl] adj. 最初的；开始的 ‎△DNA 脱氧核糖核酸 vain  [vein] adj. 虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的 in vain 白费力气；枉费心机 resist  [riˈzist] vt. 抵抗；对抗 drawback  [ˈdrɔ:bæk] n.缺点；不利条件 merely [ˈmiəli] adv. 仅；只；不过 ‎△restore  [riˈstɔ:] vt. 恢复；使恢复原状；重建 ‎△aurochs['ɔ:rɔks] n.原牛（古代欧洲野牛，已灭绝）‎ decoration  [ˌdekəˈreiʃən] n. 装饰 unable [ʌnˈeibəl] adj. 不能的；不会的 ‎△great auk[ɔ:k] n. 大海雀（已灭绝）‎ feather [ˈfeðə] n. 羽毛 ‎△quagga：['kwægə]n.白氏斑马（已灭绝）‎ ‎△fairly  [ˈfɛəli] adv.公平地；相当地 in good/poor condition 状况很好（坏）；情况很好（坏）‎ turkey [ˈtə:ki] n. 火鸡 ‎△dye  [dai] vt. 给……染色；染 ‎ ‎ n.染色剂 claw [klɔ:] n. 爪；脚爪 adore  [əˈdɔ:] vt. 崇拜；爱慕；喜爱 hatch [hætʃ] vt. & vi. 孵出；孵卵；孵化 reasonable [ˈrizənəbəl] adj.合情理的；讲道理的；公道的 二、单元重要句式回顾：根据括号内要求翻译句子 ‎1．她的方法跟我的没有很大不同。(differ from)‎ Her_method_doesn't_differ_much_from_mine.‎ ‎2．我愿意承担这些改变的责任。(undertake)‎ I_am_willing_to_undertake_the_responsibility_for_the_changes.‎ ‎3．听到这个消息他很沮丧。(cast down)‎ He_was_cast_down_to_hear_the_news.‎ ‎4．我们抗议这种待遇。(object to)‎ We_object_to_being_treated_like_this._‎ ‎5．公共场所应禁止吸烟。(forbid)‎ Smoking_should_be_forbidden_in_public_places.‎ ‎6．他65岁退休。(retire)‎ He_retired_at_the_age_of_65.‎ ‎7．他工作的时候不要打扰他。(bother)‎ Don't_bother_him_while_he_is_working.‎ ‎8．她无法抗拒那项诱惑。(resist)‎ She_could_not_resist_the_temptation.‎ ‎9．他获得了北京大学的入学资格。(obtain)‎ He_obtained_the_entrance_to_Beijing_University.‎ ‎10．你的努力会得到好结果的。(pay off)‎ Your_efforts_will_pay_off.‎ 单元综合知识运用 一 完形填空提速训练 My mom has always been there for me. She never takes __1__ whenever times are hard and I consider taking the easy way. __2__， she tells me that I can be anyone or anything I want __3__ I refuse to give up. The word “impossible” is not part of her __4__， and she is the biggest believer __5__ the expression “Can't means won't.” She sees my __6__， and pushes me to do the best I possibly can.‎ My father was in the Army so we were constantly on the __7__ as I was growing up. Just when I found friends or a school I __8__， I had to leave it all behind and __9__ over again. I will admit that moving this much made life slightly __10__. But my mom did all she could to help me feel comfortable and __11__ my spirits.‎ Looking back, this much traveling was a __12__ because it made us close. I feel completely __13__ talking to her because she is so trustworthy, understanding, and openminded.Luckily I have a very __14__ mom.‎ Because my mother doesn't treat me or talk to me as though I'm a child, I __15__ her so much. She gives me the __16__ I need to live my own life, make decisions and mistakes, and to __17__ them all. I cannot recall when she was not there to lend an ear or offer advice when I needed her __18__. Unlike friendships that can fade or break, I know I'll always be __19__ to my mom, no matter what I face. __20__， she is not just a role model, but someone I love. I'm grateful she is my biggest ‎ cheerleader by far.‎ 语篇解读：由于父亲是军人，作者小时候经常搬家。因此，在妈妈的帮助下，作者更加意识到了亲情的可贵。在他眼里，母亲不仅是楷模，同时也是他深爱之人。‎ ‎1．A.risk　　　　　　　　　 B．pity C．responsibility D．action ‎ 解析：选B　根据下文，作者虽然当时生活艰辛，但是作者的母亲却没有为他感到可怜，没有怜悯他。pity“可怜；怜悯”。‎ ‎2．A.Besides B．Therefore C．However D．Instead ‎ 解析：选D　作者的母亲没有怜悯作者，反而一直鼓励作者，此处表示转折关系。故选D。‎ ‎3．A.as long as B．in case C．even though D．now that ‎ 解析：选A　此处表示作者母亲的鼓励，只要(as long as)作者不放弃，他可以成为所有他想成为的人或做到所有他想做到的事情。‎ ‎4．A.principle B．dictionary C．vocabulary D．arrangement ‎ 解析：选C　母亲从来不会用“不可能”这样的词汇(vocabulary)。‎ ‎5．A.in B．on C．of D．for ‎ 解析：选A　believe in为固定搭配，意为“相信，坚信”。‎ ‎6．A.strength B．dilemma C．suffering D．potential ‎ 解析：选D　根据空后“pushes me to do the best I possibly ‎ can”可知，母亲看到作者的潜力(potential)，敦促其尽最大努力把事情做好。‎ ‎7．A.run B．move C．journey D．road ‎ 解析：选B　根据上文可知，父亲在部队服役，他们不得不频繁搬迁(move)。第10空前的“moving this much”是提示。‎ ‎8．A.adapted B．envied C．adored D．expected ‎ 解析：选C　此处表示作者正熟悉并喜欢上(adored)学校和同学时，他们又要搬家了。A选项的正确用法应该为adapt to ...。‎ ‎9．A.start B．reflect C．abandon D．compromise ‎ 解析：选A　结合语境可知，作者又得一切从头开始(start)。‎ ‎10．A.unusual B．busy C．unique D．lonely ‎ 解析：选D　结合语境可知，频繁的搬迁使作者感到有些许的孤寂(lonely)。‎ ‎11．A.display B．lift C．applaud D．concentrate ‎ 解析：选B　母亲竭尽所能让作者感到舒坦并使作者振奋起来。lift one's spirits“使某人振奋起来”。‎ ‎12．A.symbol B．recreation C．blessing D．preference ‎ 解析：选C　回顾过去，作者因为这诸多的搬迁使母子关系更加密切，所以这是一种上苍所赐之物。blessing意为“‎ 上帝的恩宠；祝福”。‎ ‎13．A.comfortable B．sensitive C．fortunate D．awkward ‎ 解析：选A　根据10空后“But my mom did all she could to help me feel comfortable”和下文“because she is so trustworthy, understanding, and openminded.”可知，和母亲谈话作者感到舒心(comfortable)。‎ ‎14．A.enthusiastic B．dependent C．flexible D．reliable 解析：选D　作者觉得自己的母亲非常可靠，值得依赖。reliable意为“可信赖的；可依靠的”。‎ ‎15．A.resemble B．respect C．tolerate D．accompany ‎ 解析：选B　结合语境可知，作者尊敬(respect)母亲因为她从来没有像小孩那样对待他。‎ ‎16．A.advice B．dignity C．space D．commitment ‎ 解析：选C　根据下文“my own life”和语境可知，母亲给予其需要的空间(space)按自己的方式生活，自己做出决定，犯错误，并从中学习(learn from)。‎ ‎17．A.learn from B．turn to C．put away D．break down ‎ 解析：选A　参见上题解析。‎ ‎18．A.love B．support C．protection D．sacrifice ‎ 解析：选B　根据上文“lend an ear or offer advice”可知，作者的母亲会给予作者所需的支持(support)。‎ ‎19．A.gentle B．thankful C．respectful D．connected ‎ 解析：选D　不像友谊会消退或破裂，亲情会永远维系(connected)。‎ ‎20．A.Eventually B．Fortunately C．Truly D．Generally ‎ 解析：选C　作者真正(Truly)认为其母亲不仅是一个楷模，而且是他深爱之人。‎ 二、阅读理解提速练 The worldfamous British Museum has a secret: a hidden study where anyone can request private viewings of prints and drawings by Rembrandt, Michelangelo and more.‎ On the fourth floor of the British Museum, in a quiet corner, is an ordinary door. I first opened the door a few years ago, and was shown into a room with a glass ceiling and cabinets filled with cardboard boxes. Those boxes hold Britain's national collection of prints and drawings.‎ Studying a work of art in your own time at a desk is a very different experience from looking at it in a museum or a gallery. It is much closer to how the artists themselves would have viewed their work. I was drawn into the images, which still felt fresh and immediate decades after their creation.‎ I asked the archivist if I could see Michelangelo's ink drawing of a philosopher. The drawing shows a bearded man holding a round object: perhaps a rock or a glass ball. That the drawing was unfinished made it more interesting. Was the drawing an old man thinking about death, an alchemist weighing a fresh piece of gold, or a philosopher turning over the stone of knowledge?‎ I looked at it until the archivist told me they were about to close for the day.‎ Since that first visit, I have gone back to the study room several times, usually to look at the works from the period I was researching. Very occasionally I asked for the Michelangelo drawing. Although_I_know_that_it_prefers_to_be_in_the_dark,_I_also_like_to_think_that,_every_now_and_then,_it_enjoyed_being_looked_at.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。世界著名的大英博物馆有一个秘密：一个隐藏的书房，在那里任何人可以请求欣赏伦勃朗、米开朗基罗等人的绘画和素描。‎ ‎1．The secret study in the British Museum ________.‎ A．is not eyecatching among various reading rooms B．is open only to those who do research on works of art C．is a special room for showing private paintings D．contains the British collection of all drawings 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段及第二段第一句中的“in ‎ a quiet corner, is an ordinary door”可知，这个书房很隐秘且不易被发现和注意到。故选A。‎ ‎2．What's the advantage of visiting the study according to the author?‎ A．The drawings there are completely fresh.‎ B．Visitors don't need to speak to each other.‎ C．Drawings are appreciated at a desk instead of on a wall.‎ D．Viewers get close to works physically and mentally.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，一个人在秘密书房里欣赏名家作品既可以近观作品，也能从内心上更接近艺术家。故选D。‎ ‎3．What can we learn from the underlined sentence in the last paragraph?‎ A．The Michelangelo drawing is usually kept from being shown.‎ B．The author is deeply attracted by the Michelangelo drawing.‎ C．The author has a dialogue in spirit with the Michelangelo drawing.‎ D．The Michelangelo drawing has a special value for the author's research.‎ 解析：选B　句意理解题。根据本句中的“Although”引导让步状语从句以及第三段最后一句“I was drawn into the images, which still felt fresh and immediate decades after their creation.”‎ 可知，作者知道米开朗基罗的作品是藏品，但偶尔还是想拿出来欣赏。由此可推知，作者被他的作品深深吸引。故选B。‎ ‎4．What can we infer from the passage?‎ A．The author is a historian studying famous people in different periods.‎ B．The British Museum tends to offer visitors a fair chance.‎ C．The author visited the study mainly because she admired Michelangelo.‎ D．The drawings by Michelangelo are too difficult for viewers to understand.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“anyone can request private viewings of prints and drawings by Rembrandt, Michelangelo and more”可推知，大英博物馆为每人都提供公平的机会。故选B。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Too often an inappropriate view gets around us that it is our physical conditions that make us happy or unhappy. As a consequence, physical conditions have been overstated.‎ ‎__1__， that is, good standard of living, high goals that we want to obtain, surrounding ourselves with a nice house, nice car, nice clothes, etc. __2__. But many times once we obtain our goals and are surrounded by what we thought would make us happy, we are still unhappy.‎ Also on the other end of the stick, many, many people are unhappy now, because they have not obtained their goals and ‎ __3__， which, consequently, adds to their dissatisfaction with life.‎ So this is why so many people keep themselves for most of their lives in a state of “incompleteness” and unhappiness, and this is why so many super successful people still aren't happy. The reason is that __4__. They think that the Universe should give them what they want first and then they'll be happy. But that just puts a barrier in between them and happiness because of the way the Universe is set up.‎ The message here is to understand that your desires tell you where you want to put your focus in your life, however, __5__. You make yourself happy from the inside out, not the outside in. Do not require certain conditions be met for your happiness, because it won't work anyway.‎ A．We have different ways to get what really makes us happy B．they don't have what they want in life C．We set out to get happy by trying to control all the wonderful conditions around ourselves D．they are never there to be found in life E．they should not control your happiness in this moment F．We may think this is the key to our happiness G．they don't realize how to get happy 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。本文谈论的是人们认为的幸福实际上并没有给人们带来幸福，作者就如何才能得到真正的幸福提出了自己的观点。‎ ‎1．选C　根据上文中的“physical conditions”及下文中的“good standard of living ...nice clothes”可知，C项“我们通过努力掌控我们身边美好的物质条件来获取幸福”与上文相呼应，与“that is”后面的解释也一致。故选C。‎ ‎2．选F　根据语境可知，很多时候当我们拥有了良好的生活标准，实现了我们想要的目标，拥有了漂亮的房子、车子、衣服时，我们可能就认为这是幸福的关键所在了。F项“我们可能会认为这就是幸福的关键了”衔接上文，并与下文构成转折，符合语境。故选F。‎ ‎3．选B　根据语境可知，此处分析了不快乐的人的心理。根据“because they have not obtained their goals”可知，许多人不快乐是因为没有达到目标，and连接和前面并列的内容。B项“他们没有拥有生活中想要的”也是人们不快乐的原因，并且和下文联系紧密。故选B。‎ ‎4．选G　上文提到，拥有了良好物质条件的人仍然感到不幸福，没有达到目标的人也感到不幸福，此处作者给出他们感到不幸福的理由，因为“他们没有意识到如何获得快乐”。由此可知，G项与上文衔接紧密。故选G。‎ ‎5．选E　上文提到，本文传递的信息就是要让你明白，你的欲望会告诉你，在生活中要看重什么。由however可知，后面的内容应与前面的叙述形成对比，所以E项“这时这些欲望不应该左右你的幸福感”符合语境。故选E。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 My Travel Experience in China During the summer holidays I visited a variety of regions in China.‎ My first stop was Beijing and of course the Great Wall. Without question it lived up to my __1__ (expect)．‎ After a long journey I reached Yunnan. With __2__ (it) minority villages and impressive landscapes, Yunnan had a lot to offer. One of my __3__ (enjoy) moments in Yunnan was during my visit to The Tiger Leaping Gorge. The climb over the gorge was at times exhausting __4__ always breathtaking. The views couldn't __5__ (imagine) in their beauty and they __6__ (leave) me with many great memories.‎ After taking a boat from the mainland I arrived at __7__ island province of Hainan. There I visited Baihua Waterfall. Floating on a pool of water at the base and looking up at the waterfall with a background of blue sky was one of the most __8__ (relax) experiences of my life.‎ Throughout China there are many ancient buildings and in particular ancient towns. Lijiang and Dali both have glorious __9__ (example) of this. It was remarkable to step back in time and get an idea of __10__ China might have looked like all those years ago. I thought the buildings were beautiful and full of history.‎ I had a wonderful time! China is both fascinating and beautiful!‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者的暑期中国之旅并具体介绍了游玩的城市及景点。‎ ‎1．expectation(s)　live up to one's ‎ expectation(s)是固定用法，意为“达到某人的期望”。故填expectation(s)。‎ ‎2．its　空格处指代上句中的“Yunnan”，且minority villages, impressive landscapes和Yunnan之间是所属关系，故用形容词性物主代词its。‎ ‎3．enjoyable　根据空格后的名词“moments”可知，空格处应用形容词，意为“愉快的”。故填enjoyable。‎ ‎4．but　句意：虽然爬上峡谷有时让人筋疲力尽，但总是让人兴奋不已。根据句意可知，空格前后之间为转折关系。故填but。‎ ‎5．be imagined　句子的主语The views和动词imagine之间为被动关系，故用被动语态；情态动词could后用动词原形。故填be imagined。‎ ‎6．left　此处叙述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。故填left。‎ ‎7．the　根据“island province of Hainan”可知，这里特指海南岛，故用定冠词the。‎ ‎8．relaxing　空格处修饰名词“experiences”，应用形容词，意为“令人放松的”。故填relaxing。‎ ‎9．examples　根据该句主语“Lijiang and Dali”可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。故填examples。‎ ‎10．what　分析该句结构可知，空格处引导的宾语从句作介词of的宾语；空格处在从句中作looked like的宾语，意为“……的样子”。故用what引导该宾语从句。‎ Ⅳ.概要写作 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。‎ The modern garden has a history going back many thousands ‎ of years.Early humans were hunters and gatherers, and didn't usually stay in one place for a long time.Instead, they travelled from place to place following the food according to the seasons.During the Neolithic Period this slowly began to change; humans started to grow certain plants, which meant they could remain in one place and grow their own food.The first“garden”was a vegetable garden, where early humans grew different types of plants for food.‎ Early agriculture in Europe not only included edible (可食用的) plants such as wheat or lentils , but also included many decorative plants for other purposes.Plants for medicine were grown, as were herbs and spices for flavoring or preserving food.Certain plants also had religious or spiritual value and were grown not only because they were useful or edible.Growing plants not only for food was the beginning of gardening.‎ Gardens today are beautiful places to go and relax, but have had many purposes over the years.In the past, they were planted to honor the gods, or used in religious ceremonies such as funerals and weddings.They were also a way to show that their owners were rich or powerful.Ancient rulers created huge gardens to display their wealth, in the same way that large palaces were symbols of prosperity.In Roman times the garden became an extension of the house, representing the owner's status in society, rather than a holy place.‎ As gardens have developed, design and beauty have become ‎ more and more important.Humans have learnt to control nature and to design gardens carefully, like creating a work of art or a building.The Gardens of Versailles in France are an excellent example of “garden architecture”； everything is symmetrical (对称的) and even the trees are pruned to fit in with the design.‎ 参考范文：‎ Modern gardens date back to the times when early humans got down to growing their own food.(要点1) And when people grew plants not only for foods but also for other purposes, gardening began.(要点2) While ancient gardens were more for religious purposes, or a symbol of wealth, power or social status, a modern garden is more a relaxing place.(要点3) With time going on, people really value gardens' design and beauty, and gardening develops like “an art form”．(要点4) ‎