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2020届一轮复习人教版选修六Unit3A healthy life单元学案设计
单元话题阅读
Current Attitudes Towards Physical Fitness
Recently we were told by a student that setting aside time for improving his physical fitness would be a total misuse of his working hours.He tried to convince us that he would be no better served by a fitness program than by learning to play bridge.The college and his preparations for a career were his only purposes.This student’s opinion is one of the many feelings that people hold about their personal involvement in a physical fitness program.Many people，including college students of all ages，spend little time on physical fitness program.There are various reasons.However，what about the majority(大多数) who could do much more but do so little？Does one of the following statements sound like you?
“I know it’s important，but I just don’t have time right now.”
“I’m already fit，and with my schedule，I’ll have no difficulty staying that way.”
If one of the following comments fits you，perhaps you are failing to see the broader values of maintaining(维持) a high level of physical fitness.
“Everyone in the dorm runs at night.That’s why I run.”
“This weekend will be cool and nice.Saturday looks like a good day for a personal record.”
If you see your own attitude represented by one of the comments(评论)，we would suggest that you reexamine your approach to fitness and its ability to positively influence other aspects of your life.Keep in mind that all people are different and some may progress faster than others.In the final analysis，we think that although fitness will not guarantee(保证) that you will live longer，it can help you enjoy the years you do live.
判断正(T)误(F)
1．It doesn’t matter whether we set aside time for our fitness.(F)
2．Everyone spends some time getting physical fitness.(F)
Period One Warming Up & Reading—Prereading
匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思
[第一组]
1．abuse A．n.青少年；adj.青春期的
2．stress B．n.& vt.滥用；虐待
3．adolescent C．vt.禁止；取缔；n.禁令
4．ban D．n.压力；重音
5．due E．adj.欠款的；到期的
答案 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.E
[第二组]
6．tough A．adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
7．addicted B．adj.无意识的；自动的
8．withdrawal C．adj.惯常的；习惯了的
9．automatic D．adj.困难的；强硬的
10．accustomed E．n.收回；撤退；戒毒过程
答案 6.D 7.A 8.E 9.B 10.C
[第三组]
11．mental A．adj.畸形的；异常的
12．unfit B．n.结果；效力
13．effect C．adj.精神的；智力的
14．abnormal D．vt.停止；离开
15．quit E．adj.不健康的；不合适的
答案 11.C 12.E 13.B 14.A 15.D
[第四组]
16．desperate A．adj.失望的；沮丧的
17．disappointed B．vt.加强；巩固
18．ashamed C．n.理解(力)
19．comprehension D．adj.绝望的；拼命的
20．strengthen E．adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
答案 16.D 17.A 18.E 19.C 20.B
Step 1 Fastreading
Skim the passage and do the following exercises.
1．What’s the main idea of the first part?
A．The grandfather lives a healthy life because of his quitting smoking.
B．The three ways of becoming addicted to smoking.
C．The harmful effects of smoking.
D．A letter explaining how a smoker becomes addicted to cigarettes and why he should give them up.
答案 D
2．What’s the main idea of the second part?
A．Advice on how to stop smoking.
B．How to prepare yourself.
C．Suggestions on breaking the habit of smoking.
D．Millions have managed to quit smoking and so can you.
答案 A
3．Find out the main idea (or topic sentence) of each paragraph.
Para.1 A．Grandad talks about James’ problem of smoking.
Para.2 B．The harmful effects of smoking.
Para.3 C．Grandad tells about the life he is living and the importance of a healthy life.
Para.4 D．Grandad’s hope for James and his advice on stopping smoking.
Para.5 E．The three different ways of becoming addicted to smoking.
Para.1：C Para.2：A Para.3：E Para.4：B Para.5：D
Step 2 Carefulreading
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Why did James’ grandfather write to James?
A．Because he wanted to tell James his experience.
B．Because he wanted to tell James the harmful effects of smoking.
C．Because he wanted to help James give up smoking.
D．Because he wanted to help James get some information.
答案 C
2．In what way did grandad try to persuade James?
A．By using scientific theory.
B．By sharing his own experience.
C．By sharing his sports activity.
D．By telling him his failure in love.
答案 B
3．According to the letter，James’ grandad .
A．didn’t give up smoking
B．used to be a member of the school football team
C．is lonely
D．wrote down the advice from his experience
答案 B
4．Which is NOT the effect of smoking?
A．Causing terrible damage to heart and lungs.
B．Affecting the health of nonsmokers.
C．Making the clothes turn yellow.
D．Not enjoying sport.
答案 C
5．The following statements are true EXCEPT that .
A．James’ grandfather was tired when returning from a long bike ride
B．there are three ways a person can become addicted to smoking
C．keeping your hands busy will help stop smoking
D．some people have to try several times before quitting smoking
答案 A
Step 3 Postreading
After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.
It’s easy for you to start smoking，but 1.once you become addicted to it，you may find 2.it difficult for you to quit.Firstly，you may become 3.physically(physics) addicted to nicotine. Secondly，you may develop the habit of smoking and finally become mentally addicted 4.to it.Smoking may have all kinds of 5.harmful(harm) effects on the health of both the smokers themselves and nonsmokers around them.It not only affects your physical fitness，but also 6.does(do) harm to your heart and lungs and causes a variety of diseases.So，it’s important that one quit smoking and live a healthier life.
7．To quit(quit) smoking，you should be wellprepared and make a list of all the benefits you may get from quitting.8.Doing(do) something else like going for a walk，cleaning the house may distract your attention and help you to forget your need for a
cigarette.But if you really feel bad，you should consult 9.a doctor or chemist to get some professional help.Remember，if you keep trying，you will 10.eventually(eventual) succeed.
Step 4 Sentencelearning
1．Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up.
[句式分析] 本句为主从复合句，that引导的宾语从句作tells的宾语，在that从句中and 连接两个并列分句，其中在后一分句中“finding it difficult to give it up”为“find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.”结构，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语to give it up，形容词difficult作宾语补足语。
[自主翻译] 你妈妈告诉我，你不久前开始吸烟了，而且现在你发现很难把它戒掉。
2．Believe me，I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop.
[句式分析] 本句中believe me作插入语，know后跟了两个how引导的宾语从句，其句式为“how＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语”，其中it为形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语。
[自主翻译] 相信我吧，我知道开始吸烟是多么容易而戒烟是多么困难。
3．I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked.
[句式分析] 本句是一个由so连接的表因果的并列句。I believed后为省略从属连词that的宾语从句，after having a cigarette作时间状语。在第二个分句中，that I could only feel good作think的宾语；when I smoked为时间状语从句。
[自主翻译] 我那时认为，抽了一支烟后就会感到更轻松愉快，于是我就开始认为只有抽烟才能使自己感觉良好。
4．It is not easy to stop smoking, but millions have managed to quit and so can you.
[句式分析] 此句是由but连接的并列句，其中第二个分句又是由and连接的并列句，其中的so can you是倒装结构，即“so＋情态动词＋另一主语”结构。此结构中除了用情态动词之外，还可以用助动词或be动词。
[自主翻译] 戒烟不容易，但几百万的人已经成功地戒掉了烟，所以你也能。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The effect of drinking coffee on health has long been a subject of conflict and uncertainty. Since the 1980s，some have spoken out against coffee as harmful to health，while others have welcomed coffee for its supposed benefits to health.
According to a scientific report，mild coffee consumption，three to five cups per day，can be taken as a healthy dietary pattern，along with other healthful behaviors.The report also says that coffee consumption helps reduce the risk of heart disease and it protects against Parkinson’s disease.
According to Dr.Donald Hensrud of Mayo Clinic，high consumption of coffee has health risks.Dr.Hensrud mentions the dangers of high coffee consumption for people with a certain illness that slows the breakdown of caffeine in the body.Some studies said that drinking two or more cups of coffee daily can actually increase the risk of heart disease in these people.
According to conclusions from a recent study led by Dr.Gregory Marcus，a doctor from the University of California San Francisco，daily moderate consumption of caffeine，less than 4 cups，is not associated with these issues.
Until the scientific community reaches a general agreement on the effects of coffee consumption on human health，it will be up to the individual to decide whether the benefits of drinking coffee are greater than the risks.
When informed of these possible health benefits and harms of drinking coffee，Harwood，a high school student stated，“Even though there might be some negative effects of drinking coffee，for the most part，coffee drinking sounds good for health.Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake.”
语篇解读 本文讲述的是每天饮用适量的咖啡对身体有益，过度饮用咖啡则会对身体健康造成危害，并引发一些疾病。
1．What is people’s attitude towards the effect of coffee on health according to Paragraph 1?
A．Disapproving. B．Tolerant.
C．Doubtful. D．Mixed.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，一些人抵制，认为咖啡有害健康；而另外一些人则支持，认为咖啡对健康有益，由此可判断出，人们的观点是好坏兼有的。
2．What does the underlined word “moderate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Personal. B．Slight.
C．Reasonable. D．Heavy.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“three to five cups per day，can be taken as a healthy dietary pattern，along with other healthful behaviors”可知，每天3～5杯咖啡，被认为是健康的，再结合画线词所在句中的“less than 4 cups，is not associated with these issues”可判断出，少于4杯属于适量摄入，故moderate的意思应该是“适量的，合理的”。
3．What can we infer about Harwood?
A．He’ll keep on drinking coffee.
B．He loves his high school life.
C．He often falls asleep in class.
D．He has some health problems.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中哈伍德所说的话可知，大多数情况下，喝咖啡对健康有好处。更不用说，他需要咖啡来保持清醒。由此可以推断出，哈伍德还会继续喝咖啡。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．People’s Love for Coffee
B．Coffee’s Effect on Health
C．The Culture of Coffee Drinking
D．The New Findings of Heart Disease
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。本文主要讲述的是咖啡对人体健康的影响。适量饮用咖啡对身体有益，过度则影响身心健康。
B
Soda(苏打汽水), while sweet and inexpensive, may not be worth drinking.Sugary drinks can have many bad health effects, including a 26% greater risk of diabetes(糖尿病) for regular soda drinkers.And men drinking one can of sugary drinks per day have a 20% higher risk of having or dying from a heart attack than those who rarely drink them.The health effects of drinking soda also affect preschool children, heightening their chances of becoming obese at a very young age.According to Harvard School of Public Health, one in three children in America are obese or overweight, and childhood obesity has tripled(增至三倍) in the last 30 years.Should government get people to reduce their drinking of soda and sugary drinks due to health effects?
People in San Francisco were given the opportunity to voice their opinion on Proposition E, which suggested a soda tax(税)．The tax, which needed to pass with a twothirds majority, would have provided money for health and physical education programs, and the hope was that it would also discourage citizens from buying unhealthy drinks.Although San Francisco’s Proposition E failed to be passed，Berkeley citizens succeeded in passing the nation’s first ever sugary drink tax on their similar Measure D.
People who were for the tax hoped that the price of sugary drinks would discourage people from buying them.Mexico recently introduced a tax on drinks, which, though not well received by the public, was successful in reducing the amount of soda bought.After the tax was put into effect, Mexico’s biggest soda production company’s sales dropped by 6.4%.
People who were against the tax were concerned about their right to buy whatever drinks they wanted, without any additional taxes.Those who also disagreed were the market, the bar, and soda industries, which would possibly lose money from reduced sales of these drinks because of the added cost.And although the Proposition E tax money was supposed to go to cityoperated programs, some citizens were doubtful about how well this plan would have been carried out.
语篇解读 本文是议论文。饮用碳酸饮料对健康有很多不利的影响，政府是否应该向碳酸饮料征税呢？
5．Harvard School of Public Health found that in America .
A．soda drinkers doubled in recent 30 years
B．26% of children are suffering from diabetes
C．the number of obese children has increased greatly
D．young soda drinkers often suffer from heart attacks
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由第一段中的“one in three children in America are obese or overweight, and childhood obesity has tripled(增至三倍) in the last 30 years”可知，哈佛公共卫生学院发现美国有三分之一的儿童肥胖或超重，而在过去的三十年中，
肥胖儿童的数量增长了三倍。
6．What do we know about Proposition E?
A．San Francisco citizens accepted it.
B．It was passed successfully in Berkeley.
C．It aimed to reduce the sales of sugary drinks.
D．It was meant to raise money for poor children.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由第二段中的“the hope was that it would also discourage citizens from buying unhealthy drinks”可知，对碳酸饮料征税，其目的是为了劝人们不要购买不健康的饮料。
7．According to the text, the tax in Mexico .
A．helped prevent people buying sugary drinks
B．greatly reduced the production of soda drinks
C．received a warm welcome from the local citizens
D．forced many soda production companies to close down
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“was successful in reducing the amount of soda bought...sales dropped by 6.4%”可知，墨西哥实施的饮料税收成功降低了碳酸饮料的销量(即帮助阻止人们购买含糖饮料)。
8．Those who were against the tax worried that it might .
A．not be carried out smoothly
B．affect their rights and interests
C．fail to achieve the expected goal
D．do no good to society or the economy
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。由最后一段前两句“People who were against the tax were concerned about their right to buy whatever drinks...additional taxes...which would possibly lose money from reduced sales of these drinks because of the added cost.”可知，反对征税的人担忧税收会损害他们的权利和利益。
C
There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.Some people believe that they can’t help putting on weight as they get older，while others hold that if they stop exercising，their muscles will turn into fat.Here are some more myths：
I’ll never lose weight—I come from a fat family.
Wrong！While we can’t change the body type we are born with，we can’t blame our genes for making us fat.There’s plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families，and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little.
I am fat because I burn calories slowly.
Wrong！Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢)．In fact，although fat people consume(消耗) more energy than slim people，they also fail to realize how much they eat！Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.
Exercise is boring.
Wrong！Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.The key is to develop a balanced and varied(多样的) program that’s fun as well as progressive.If you enjoy a Sunday walk，take a different route.If you do yoga，try a tai chi class.If you like swimming，set yourself a distance or time challenge.
No pain，no gain.
Wrong！Exercise is not meant to hurt.Indeed，pain is your body telling you something’s wrong，and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury.You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly，but this is adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly.If you don’t，rest and seek medical advice.
语篇解读 作者在本文中介绍了关于肥胖和运动的几个认识误区。
9．What does the author think about being fat?
A．It is the family genes that make people fat.
B．People are fat because they consume too little energy.
C．A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.
D．It is the result of people’s unbalanced lifestyle.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据文中第一个黑色小标题下的“...and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little.”可知，肥胖是人们饮食习惯和运动不平衡的结果。
10．According to the author，how can we make exercise more interesting?
A．By taking varied exercise. B．By choosing simple exercise.
C．By doing regular exercise. D．By sticking to outdoor exercise.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据文中第三个黑色小标题下的“Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.The key is to develop a balanced and varied(多样的) program that’s fun as well as progressive.”可知，选A项。
11．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To state the importance of keeping fit.
B．To clarify some misunderstandings about fatness and exercise.
C．To test what has long been believed about keeping fit.
D．To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.
答案 B
解析 写作意图题。本文在第一段第一句点出主题：“There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.”，下文具体介绍了人们对于肥胖和运动的几个认识误区。由此可知，本文是为了澄清人们关于肥胖和运动的认识误区。故选B项。
Ⅱ.七选五
Everybody knows the importance of drinking enough water.As we all know，drinking water benefits your skin，muscles and organs. 12
The major reason for that is related to human biological needs.When you’re a baby，you’re 75 percent water.Then，as you get older，you get drier. 13 It helps you lose weight，according to a study from the University of Birmingham.
The researchers found that drinking 500ml of water thirty minutes before a meal helped participants(参与者) lose 10 more pounds than those who did not. 14 All participants were advised to improve their diet and physical activity levels.84 overweight adults were involved. Among them 41 were told to “preload” with water，while 43 were told to control their water intake(摄取量) before eating.After 12 weeks，the participants instructed to “preload” with water lost 2.87 pounds more than those in the control group on average.In addition，the participants preloading with water before each of their three main meals every day lost 9.48 pounds over the 12 weeks. 15
Dr Helen Parretti，a lecturer at the University of Birmingham，had this to say of the study： 16 Just drinking 500ml water，three times a day，before your main meals may help reduce your weight...and this could be an easy way for weight loss.Furthermore，it can be important for a person to lose extra weight，making a potential contribution to public health.
A．Another reason to drink water is right here.
B．But not everyone can always get tap water in some areas.
C．The beauty of these findings is that losing weight is simple.
D．It also helps prevent certain diseases and improve your mood.
E．The study began with a weight management consultation.
F．So kids should drink more water instead of Coke to keep healthy.
G．In contrast，those preloading once a day or never lost just 1.76 pounds.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个研究发现：三餐前喝水有助于减肥。
12．答案 D
解析 根据上句“众所周知，喝水对你的皮肤、肌肉和器官有好处”可知，空处指喝水的另外一个好处，故选D项，意思是“那还能帮助预防某些疾病并改善你的心情”。D项中的It指的是上文中的“drinking water”。
13．答案 A
解析 根据本段开头的“The major reason for that”和下文的内容可知，空处讲的是喝水的另外一个原因。故选A项，意为“饮水的另外一个原因就在这里”。
14．答案 E
解析 本段讲述研究结果“饭前半小时喝水可以帮助减肥”。空处应选E项，来引出实验的具体过程。
15．答案 G
解析 根据上句“另外，每天三餐前都喝水的实验参与者12周减掉了9.48磅”可知，应选G项，意为“相反，那些一天只在一顿饭前喝水或不喝水的人只减掉了1.76磅”，与空前一句进行对比。
16．答案 C
解析 根据空前的“had this to say of the study”和上文的实验可知，应选C项，意为“这些发现的美好之处在于(告诉我们)减肥很简单”。C项中的“losing weight is simple”与下文中的“this could be an easy way for weight loss”相呼应。
Period Two Warming Up & Reading—Language points
Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共15小题；每题1分，满分15分)
1．alcohol n．酒；酒精
2．fitness n．健康
3．obesity n．(过度)肥胖；肥胖症
4．ban vt.禁止；取缔；n.禁令；谴责
5．due adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的
6．addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
7．nicotine n．尼古丁
8．automatic adj.无意识的；自动的
9．lung n．肺
10．pregnant adj.怀孕的
11．abnormal adj.畸形的；异常的
12．resolve n．决心；决定
13．packet n．小包；小盒
14．chemist n．药剂师；化学家
15．comprehension n．理解(力)
Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共15小题；每题2分，满分30分)
16．abuse n．& vt.滥用；虐待
17．stress n．压力；重音；vt.加压力于；使紧张；强调→stressful adj.产生压力的；紧张的
18．tough adj.困难的；强硬的
19．adolescent n．青少年；adj.青春期的→adolescence n．青春期
20．accustom vt.使习惯于→accustomed adj.惯常的；习惯了的
21．withdrawal n．收回；撤退；戒毒(或脱瘾)过程→withdraw v．收回；撤退
22．mental adj.精神的；智力的
23．quit vt.停止(做某事)；离开
24．effect n．结果；努力→effective adj.有效的；有影响的→affect vt.影响
25．breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的
26．unfit adj.不健康的；不合适的；不合格的
27．strengthen vt.加强；巩固；使坚强；vi.变强→strength n．力量
28．desperate adj.绝望的；拼命的
29．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointment n．失望→disappointing adj.令人失望的
30．ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的→shameful adj.可耻的
Ⅲ.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)
31．由于……due to
32．对……有瘾be addicted to
33．习惯于…… be accustomed to
34．对……作出决定decide on
35．想要(做)……feel like (doing)
36．give up放弃；戒掉
37．再三地；反复地 over and over again
38．对……造成伤害/损伤 do damage to...
39．throw away扔掉；拋弃
40．instead of代替；而不是
Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每题7分，满分35分)
41．It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.
这好像很惊奇吧，在我这样的年纪，仍然身体足够健康而且能在一个下午骑车跑20千米。
42．Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up.
你妈妈告诉我，你不久前开始吸烟了，而且现在你发现很难把它戒掉。
43．I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked.
我那时认为，抽了一支烟后就会感到更轻松愉快，于是我就开始认为只有抽烟才能使自己感觉良好。
44．I do hope so because I want you to live as long and healthy a life as I have.
我的确希望如此，因为我想让你能像我这样活得健康长寿。
45．It is not easy to stop smoking, but millions have managed to quit and so can you.
戒烟不容易，但几百万的人已经成功地戒掉了烟，所以你也能。
重点词汇
stress n.压力；重音；重要性(on...)；vt.加压力于；使紧张；强调
※lay/place/put stress on sth.强调某事；给某物压力
under stress在压力下
stress out过度劳累；紧张
※stressed adj.焦虑不安的，心力交瘁的
※stressful adj.压力重的；紧张的
(1)Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress his importance in literature.
(2018•浙江)
文章中把狄更斯和名画《蒙娜丽莎》相比就是为了强调狄更斯在文学中的重要地位。
(2)I’ve been really stressed out at work recently.
最近我真觉得工作压力很大。
(3)We all know that nowadays most students are under great stress.
我们都知道，现在大多数学生压力都很大。
[单句改错]
(4)For most of the girls，it is a stressedstressful job.
(5)The students in China often feel stressfulstressed when facing so many exams.
Do you think smoking should be banned？
你认为应该禁止吸烟吗？
ban vt.禁止；取缔；n.谴责；禁令
※ban doing sth.禁止做某事
ban sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
※a ban on sth.关于某事的禁令
(1)In my opinion, taking cellphones with the students should not be banned, but limited to certain areas.
依我看，学生带手机不该被禁止，但应该被限制在某些区域。
(2)They are banned from swimming in the river.
他们被禁止在河里游泳。
(3)The law bans selling(sell) alcohol to those under 18 in the country.
在那个国家法律禁止卖酒给18岁以下的人。
[单句改错]
(4)The manager has declared a ban abouton smoking in theatres.
I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.
我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我的健康生活。
due to由于
be due to do sth.预期做某事，预计做某事
be due to sth./doing sth./sb.归因于某事/归因于做某事/应归于某人
(1)The reason why someone is triggered by something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.(2018•北京)
有的人容易被某些事情激怒，而有的人不容易被激怒，原因归结于个人的过往经历和心理特点。
(2)The train is due to arrive(arrive) at 5 o’clock.
火车预计在5点到达。
[单句改错]
(3)Have they been paid the money that∧is due to them?
You see，during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.
你知道，当我十几岁的时候，也吸过烟，而且还上了烟瘾。
addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
※be/become addicted to sth./doing sth.沉溺于某种嗜好；醉心于某种活动
※addict vt.使……沉溺/上瘾；n.入迷的人；有瘾的人
addict oneself to sth./doing sth.沉溺于某种嗜好；醉心于某种活动
(1)Learning that you are addicted to table tennis, I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the table tennis team in our school.(2017•全国Ⅲ)
了解到你着迷于乒乓球，我现在写信真诚地邀请你参加我们学校的乒乓球队。
(2)She is a TV addict and watches as much as she can.
她是个电视迷，看起电视没完没了。
(3)He addicted himself to playing games.
他沉迷于打游戏。
[一句多译]
(4)这个男孩沉迷于电脑游戏，所以考试失败了。
①The boy was addicted to computer games，so he failed in the exam.(并列句)
②Addicted to computer games，the boy failed in the exam.(非谓语动词作状语)
This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.
这就是说，过一段时间以后，你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。
accustomed adj.习惯的，通常的
※be/become/get accustomed to sth./doing sth.习惯于(做)某事
※accustom v．使习惯于，使适应
accustom oneself/sb.to sth./doing sth.使……习惯于(做)某事
(1)You will soon get accustomed to the life without the Internet here.
你将会很快习惯这里没有网络的生活。
(2)It took a while for me to accustom myself to all the new rules.
我用了好一会儿才使自己适应所有的新制度。
(3)Accustomed(accustom) to climbing the deep mountains，he had no difficulty reaching the top.习惯于爬陡峭的山，所以他毫不费力就到达了山顶。
[单句改错]
(4)I’m not accustomed to getgetting up so early.
When I was young，I didn’t know much about the harmful effects of smoking.
我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害性我知道的并不多。
effect n．影响；结果；效力
※have an effect on/upon对……有影响
in effect实际上；在实施中，有效
come into effect生效；开始实施
take effect起作用
※effective adj.有效果的
※effectively adv.有效地；生效地
(1)In effect，he didn’t like the new film at all.
实际上，他根本不喜欢这部新电影。
(2)Do you know when the new traffic rules came into effect？
你知道新交规是什么时候生效的吗？
(3)The government will take some effective(effect) measures to deal with it.
政府会采取有效的措施来处理它。
(4)Ordinary soap，used correctly，can deal with bacteria effectively(effect)．(2018•北京)
普通的肥皂，如果使用得当，可以有效地消除细菌。
[单句改错]
(5)Reading in the sun has a bad effect toon/upon your eyesight.
(6)The villagers hope that the new law will take an effect soon.
Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette，remind yourself that you are a nonsmoker.
每当你想要吸烟的时候，你就提醒你自己：你(已经)是不吸烟的人了。
feel like (doing) sth.想要(做)某事
feel like (doing) sth.＝would like (to do) sth.想要(做)某事
feel like摸上去像……；感觉像是……
(1)The table feels like plastic，not wood.
这张桌子摸上去像是塑料的，不像木头的。
(2)He feels like a faithful believer before this learned scholar.
在这个知识渊博的学者面前，他感觉就像是一个忠诚的信徒。
[句型转换]
(3)Generally speaking，my son would like to eat some bread in the morning.
→Generally speaking，my son feels like eating some bread in the morning.
If you feel desperate，you might like to talk to a doctor or chemist about something to help you，like nicotine chewing gum.
如果你的确感到没办法，你还可以去找一位医生或药剂师谈谈，帮你想点办法，如含尼古丁的口香糖等。
desperate adj.绝望的；拼命的
※be desperate for极想要……/渴望得到……
be desperate to do sth.极想做某事
※desperately adv.绝望地
(1)The player was desperate for the gold medal，but he failed.
这个运动员极度渴望获得金牌，但他未能如愿。
(2)Perhaps each of us has moments in our lives that we are desperate to search(search) for something everywhere but it is just under our noses.
在我们的生活中，也许我们每个人都会有这样的时刻——我们拼命地到处找某个东西，但是它就在我们的面前(我们却看不见)。
(3)He cut desperately(desperate) at the rope in an attempt to free his foot.
他绝望地割绳子，试图把脚解放出来。
If you weaken and have a cigarette，do not feel ashamed.
如果你意志衰弱而又抽烟了，也不要觉得难为情。
ashamed adj.羞耻的；惭愧的；尴尬的
※be ashamed of...为……而感到羞耻
be ashamed to do sth.羞于/耻于做某事
be ashamed that...对……感到羞愧
※shame n．羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事
It’s a shame that...……真让人遗憾。
What a shame/pity！真遗憾！
(1)She was ashamed of being late for such an important meeting.
她为在这么重要的会议上迟到而感到丢人。
(2)I was ashamed that I failed in the exam again.
我因考试又失败了而感到惭愧。
(3)She was ashamed to ask(ask) such a simple question.她不好意思提这么简单的问题。
(4)It is a shame that you have missed the nice beginning of the film.
你错过了这部电影精彩的开头，真是遗憾。
经典句式
When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit，I knew it was time to quit smoking.
当我因为身体不健康而被学校足球队除名时，我才知道自己是时候戒烟了。
It’s (high/about) time for sb.to do sth.
＝It is (high/about) time that sb.did/should do sth.是某人该做某事的时候了。
It’s some time since...做某事有多长时间了。
It is/was the first/second/...time that...某人第一/二/……次……(that从句中谓语动词用完成时态)
It was some time before...过多久就……
It will be some time before...过多久才……
(1)Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.(2018•全国Ⅲ)
不知不觉一个小时过去了，到了吃午餐的时间了。
(2)It is 30 years since he joined the army.
他参军已有30年了。
(3)It will be three days before he comes back.
要过三天他才能回来。
(4)It is the first time that the girl has seen(see) an elephant.这是女孩第一次见到大象。
[一句多译]
(5)是我们该采取措施保护环境的时候了。
①It is high time for us to take measures to protect the environment.(简单句)
②It is high time that we took/should take measures to protect the environment.(复合句)
Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette，remind yourself that you are a nonsmoker.
每当你想要吸烟的时候，你就提醒你自己：你(已经)是不吸烟的人了。
※本句是一个主从复合句。every time在句中引导时间状语从句；主句中含有that引导的宾语从句。
※时间状语从句通常由when，while，as，before，after，as soon as 等从属连词引导，但有时也可由every time，each time，the moment，the day等引导，此时这类词或词组就相当于一个从属连词。
(1)The moment she heard the news，she felt like crying.
她一听到这个消息，就想哭。
(2)She set about cleaning the room as soon as she got home.她一到家就开始打扫房间。
[单句改错]
(3)I thought the girl honest the first time when I met her.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Many kids become addicted to surfing(surf) the Net, so they have lost interest in study.
2．Accustomed(accustom) to drinking a cup of coffee every morning, I feel refreshed.
3．In the north of India, the population was booming due to high birth rates.
4．The new advertisement rules came into effect last month.
5．He looked around desperately(desperate) for someone to help him.
6．There should be a ban on talking loudly in cinemas.
7．I’m ashamed(shame) that I wasted many hours when I should have studied in class.
8．She really feels like having(have) a talk with him about his study at school.
9．Janet’s been under a lot of stress since her mother’s illness.
10．It’s high time that we stressed/should stress(stress) the importance of having a healthy lifestyle.
Ⅱ.完成句子
11．I’m ashamed to say I haven’t passed the exam this time.
说起来惭愧，我没能通过这次考试。
12．I loved this movie and so did all my friends.
我喜欢这部电影，我所有的朋友也喜欢。
13．Every time I express an opinion, she always argues back.
每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。
14．As is known to us all，reading books of traditional culture can have a good effect on the children.
众所周知，阅读传统文化的书籍会对儿童有良好的影响。
15．They find it hard to master a foreign language.
他们发现要掌握一门外语很困难。
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．For most people，work stress(压力) involves a lack of satisfaction and not feeling appreciated.
2．They’re seeking a complete ban(禁止) on nuclear testing.
3．This warm weather is abnormal(不正常的) for February.
4．Williams abused(滥用) his position as Mayor to give jobs to his friends.
5．This is a hospital for those people who suffer mental(精神的) diseases.
6．This activity helps strengthen(加强) memory and build trust.
7．You have to accustom(使习惯) yourself gradually to the different hours of work that your new post requires.
8．—Why are you so desperate(拼命的) to get the parttime job，Joseph?
—I am in great need of money to support myself through college.
9．She was disappointed(失望的) at the disappointing result.
10．As for you，you ought to be ashamed(感到惭愧的) of what you have done.
Ⅱ.选词填空
due to，give up，decide on，over and over again，do damage to，instead of
11．He gave up his job and started writing poetry.
12．Finally we decided on the plan we should carry out.
13．Tom’s losing his job is due to his carelessness.
14．The old man likes telling us his life story over and over again.
15．The heavy rain did great damage to the crops there.
16．Surrounded by positive people，you will keep focused on what you can do instead of what you can’t.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
17．I’ll raise both hands in favour of banning smoking(smoke) inside the schoolyard.
18．Her parents’ divorce had a big effect on her.
19．It will not be long before you get accustomed to driving(drive) on the left side of the road in Britain.
20．I wish you’d quit complaining(complain)．
21．The national football team is desperate for a win.
22．I don’t feel like arguing(argue) with them.
23．I was disappointed to see(see) what had happened.
24．I am not ashamed to do(do) such a thing，for it benefits every one of us.
25．According to the report，people come down with illnesses easily when under stress.
26．We wanted him to have as full a life as possible，no different from what we wanted for our other two sons.
Ⅳ.完成句子
27．It seems possible that he would come.
看起来他可能会来。
28．After leaving school，Mackay worked in a restaurant for a year.
离开学校后，麦凯在一家餐厅工作了一年。
29．It is time for you to take/It is time that you took/should take effective measures.
是你该采取有效措施的时候了。
30．We find it important to let students have enough sleep.
我们发现让学生有足够的睡眠很重要。
31．Every/Each time I hear that song I feel happy.
我每次听到那首歌都感到很愉快。
能力提升
Ⅴ.阅读理解
Many of us have reached in our pockets，feeling a vibration(振动)，wrongly believing our mobile phones have just rung.The phenomenon even has a name：“phantom vibration syndrome”—and found it is surprisingly common.
Now scientists believe that we are so alert(警觉) for phone calls and messages that we are misinterpreting slight muscle spasms(痉挛) as proof of a call.Robert Rosenberger，an assistant professor at the Georgia Tech Institute of Technology has studied the delusional calls.He said sufferers describe a vague tingling feeling which they think is their mobile phone indicating it has received a text message or call while on “silent”．But when the device is retrieved，there was no one on the other end.
Dr Rosenberger said，“I find so many people say，‘This happens to me，but I thought I was the only one，I thought I was odd.’” It seems that the syndrome particularly affects people at the beck and call of mobile phones or pagers.A 2010 study by Michael Rothberg and colleagues found that nearly 70 per cent of doctors at a hospital in Massachusetts suffered phantom vibrations.A more recent study of US college
students found the figure was as high as 90 per cent.
While the odd feeling is widespread，it does not seem to be considered a grave problem.Dr Rosenberger said，“it’s not actually a syndrome in a technical sense.That’s just the name that’s got stuck to it.” He added，“Only 2 per cent of people consider it a problem.”
While widespread，the scientific community has not yet invested much effort in getting to the bottom of why we suffer phantom calls.
Dr Rosenberger said，“People are guessing it has something to do with nervous energy.The cognitive(认知的) scientists are talking about brain chemistry，cognitive pathways changing.But it’s not like they have brain scans to go on.” He said，“We have a phone call in our pocket all the time and it becomes sort of an extension of ourselves.We have this sort of readiness to experience a call.We feel something and we think，OK，that could be a call.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种非常普遍的病症——振动幻听综合症。
32．Why do some people mistake slight muscle spasms for a call?
A．They all have a vivid imagination.
B．They are sensitive to calls and messages.
C．There are few calls and messages in their life.
D．Slight muscle spasms affect them more than other people.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由第二段中的“Now scientists believe that we are so alert(警觉) for phone calls and messages that we are misinterpreting slight muscle spasms(痉挛) as proof of a call.”可知，科学家们认为我们对手机电话和短信如此警觉以至于我们会把轻微的肌肉痉挛误认为是电话。故结合选项可知B选项正确。
33．Which of the following are more likely to have phantom vibration syndrome than others?
A．Doctors.
B．University professors.
C．College students.
D．The cognitive scientists.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由第三段最后两句“A 2010 study by Michael Rothberg and colleagues found that nearly 70 per cent of doctors at a hospital in Massachusetts suffered phantom vibrations.A more recent study of US college students found the figure was as high as 90 per cent.”可知，90%的大学生患有振动幻听综合症。故C选项正确。
34．In Dr Rosenberger’s opinion，phantom vibration syndrome .
A．isn’t a kind of disease actually
B．is considered a problem by most people
C．is a serious problem ignored by people
D．has something to do with brain chemistry
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。由第四段中的“it’s not actually a syndrome in a technical sense”
可知，Dr Rosenberger认为，从专业角度来说，这并不是一种综合症。也就是说，他认为这并不是一种病。故A选项正确。
35．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．Most people have phantom vibration syndrome.
B．How to keep away from phantom vibration syndrome.
C．How to reduce phantom phone vibrations.
D．People care too much about phantom phone vibrations.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。第一段是文章中心段。该段主要介绍了振动幻听综合症是一种非常普遍的现象。大部分人都患有振动幻听综合症。下文简单分析了这种现象的原因以及科学家们对此的看法。故结合选项可知A选项正确。
Ⅵ.完形填空
(2019•九江一中高二期中)
Jake was born healthy，but his parents noticed there was something wrong when he was 4. Jake 36 about 20 pounds in just six months.He 37 putting on weight in spite of eating only salad.In 2015，Jake was diagnosed(诊断) with ROHHAD syndrome，a 38 condition that affects the brain and causes rapid weight gain.Only 75 cases have ever been reported，and none of the sufferers is known to have 39 twenty years.
But Jake wants to fight for his 40 .Although there is no way to fully 41 the weight gain，he does everything he can to slow it down，including 42 competing in triathlons(三项全能运动)．Triathlons help him keep fit and active.It’s good for his 43 and also gives him a chance to socialize with other kids.He 44 with the Malta Youth Triathlon Association three times a week.
“He is extremely 45 .He never misses a training lesson without valid(确凿的) 46 and is constantly eager to train，” Jake’s trainer said.“Jake is very lovable and steals the heart of all who know him.It’s heartbreaking to see what he has to 47 .I look at his family with a mixture of 48 —in spite of the hardship they try their best to make sure that Jake gets as 49 a life as possible.”
Everybody is more than happy to help Jake，and they 50 change event dates and training schedules just to make it easier for him to 51 .He is always very determined，but because of his condition，he can’t 52 himself to push his heart rate too high.
Jake’s 53 is to meet two famous British triathlon players， 54 due to his disease，he cannot travel.After Jake’s story was made public，someone 55 that he would do everything he could to make the boy’s dream a reality.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个名叫杰克的男孩虽然患有一种罕见病，但他积极地训练，乐观地生活的故事。
36．A.gained B．collected
C．reduced D．recovered
答案 A
解析 根据下文中的“putting on weight”和“rapid weight gain”可知，杰克仅在6个
月内体重就增加了约20磅。gain增加，符合语境。
37．A.remembered B．enjoyed
C．kept D．disliked
答案 C
解析 根据下文中的“in spite of eating only salad”可知，尽管他只吃沙拉，但他还是一直在增重。keep doing sth.继续做某事。
38．A.difficult B．rare
C．poor D．deadly
答案 B
解析 根据下文中的“Only 75 cases have ever been reported”可知，杰克的疾病极其罕见(rare)。
39．A.wasted B．lasted
C．spent D．survived
答案 D
解析 只有75例曾被报道过，而且没有一个病人活过二十年。survive存活，符合语境。
40．A.goal B．life
C．career D．future
答案 B
解析 杰克想与死亡作斗争。fight for one’s life与死亡作斗争。
41．A.ignore B．chance
C．stop D．influence
答案 C
解析 根据上文中的“Jake was diagnosed(诊断)．..rapid weight gain”可知，没有办法完全阻止(stop)体重增加，但他尽其所能减缓体重增长。
42．A.regularly B．strongly
C．faithfully D．truly
答案 A
解析 他尽其所能减缓体重增长，包括定期参加三项全能运动竞赛。regularly定期地，有规律地，符合语境。
43．A.mind B．growth
C．heart D．health
答案 D
解析 根据上文中的“help him keep fit”可知，三项全能运动对他的健康有好处。故选D项。health健康。
44．A.competes B．plays
C．trains D．works
答案 C
解析 根据下文中的“He never misses a training lesson”可知，此处指杰克接受训练。
45．A.proud B．positive
C．smart D．caring
答案 B
解析 根据下文中的“He never misses a training lesson...eager to train”可知，他非
常积极。
46．A.result B．evidence
C．reason D．date
答案 C
解析 根据语境可知，没有充分的理由，他从不缺一节训练课。reason理由，符合语境。
47．A.go through B．get across
C．see through D．put down
答案 A
解析 根据上文中描述的杰克的病情可知，杰克很可爱，所有认识他的人都喜欢他，看到他要经历的事让人心碎。go through经历；get across被理解；see through看穿；put down放下。
48．A.expressions B．ideas
C．tastes D．feelings
答案 D
解析 根据破折号后的解释可知，杰克的教练带着一种复杂的心情看着他的家人。feeling情感。
49．A.impressive B．regretful
C．crazy D．normal
答案 D
解析 尽管困难重重，杰克的家人还是尽他们最大的努力确保杰克过上正常的(normal)生活。
50．A.luckily B．gladly
C．impatiently D．unwillingly
答案 B
解析 根据上文中的“Everybody is more than happy to help Jake”和下文中的“just to make it easier for him to ”可知答案。
51．A.organize B．join
C．attend D．believe
答案 C
解析 他们很乐意改变活动日期和训练计划，以便让杰克更容易地参加(训练)。attend参加，符合语境。
52．A.allow B．control
C．pretend D．protect
答案 A
解析 由于他的情况，他不能让(allow)自己的心率太高。
53．A.dream B．task
C．intention D．story
答案 A
解析 根据下文中的“he would do everything he could to make the boy’s dream a reality”可知，他的梦想(dream)是见到两位著名的英国三项全能运动员。
54．A.so B．or
C．and D．but
答案 D
解析 但是由于他的病，他不能旅行。空处前后为转折关系，故选D项。
55．A.explained B．announced
C．predicted D．warned
答案 B
解析 在杰克的故事公开后，有人宣称(announce)他将尽他所能让这个男孩的梦想成为现实。
Ⅶ.语法填空
A healthy lifestyle is related 56 physical and mental fitness.Do you think it is time to make changes to live 57 healthier life？Nowadays many people say they just don’t get much time to look after 58 (they) health.However，it is what you do and eat every day that guarantees you a healthy body.So make some little changes in your schedule to improve your lifestyle.It’s never too late.
These are some suggestions 59 (give) by health experts which can help you achieve your goal.First of all，add healthy food items to your diet.For example，eating green vegetables and fruits 60 (be) a must because they contain lots of vitamins and minerals 61 are necessary to your body.Do remember to exercise 62 (regular) because it will burn extra fats in your body and help you gain control of your 63 (weigh)．If you can’t exercise every day，at least go for a walk every day.Sleep at least eight hours every day 64 (make) you feel fresh and energetic.In addition，many people do some activities every day， 65 (say) this helps them develop their mind.There are many things you can do to keep healthy，but exercising will always be at the top.
语篇解读 健康的生活方式和身体健康、精神健康紧密相关；一些小改变就可以改善你的生活方式。文章给出了一些改善生活方式的建议。
56．答案 to
解析 考查介词。be related to是固定搭配，意为“和……有联系”。
57．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。live a healthier life过一种更健康的生活。live a．..life为固定表达。
58．答案 their
解析 考查代词。此处需用形容词性物主代词作定语，故填their。
59．答案 given
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处作suggestions的后置定语，give和其逻辑主语suggestions之间是被动关系，故用过去分词given。
60．答案 is
解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处为动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数，本文以一般现在时为主，故填is。
61．答案 that/which
解析 考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为lots of vitamins and minerals，引导词用that/which，在从句中作主语。
62．答案 regularly
解析 考查副词。修饰动词exercise要用副词regularly。
63．答案 weight
解析 考查名词。此处需要名词作介词of的宾语，且空前有形容词性物主代词修饰。故填weight，意为“体重”。
64．答案 to make
解析 考查非谓语动词。设空处应填非谓语动词，此处表示目的，应填动词不定式to make。
65．答案 saying
解析 考查非谓语动词。句子主干为“many people do some activities every day”，设空处应填非谓语动词，say和其逻辑主语many people之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。
Period Three Learning about Language & Using Language
Ⅰ.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)
1．appendix n．附录；附件
2．slippery adj.滑的
3．immune adj.有免疫力的
4．sex n．性；性别
5．fluid n．流体；液体
6．inject vt.注射
7．spill vi.溢出；洒落；vt.使溢出；使洒落
8．homosexual n．同性恋；adj.同性恋的
9．abortion n．流产；中途失败
10．cigar n．雪茄烟
Ⅱ.写出下列汉语对应的英语单词(共10小题；每题3分，满分30分)
11．illegal adj.不合法的；违法的
12．pill n．药丸；药片
13．robbery n．抢劫；盗窃
14．survival n．幸存→survive vi.幸存；活下来→survivor n．幸存者；生还者
15．needle n．针；(注射器的)针头
16．male adj.男性的；雄性的；n.男人；雄性动(植)物→female(反义) adj.女性的；雌性的；n.女人；雌性的动(植)物
17．prejudice n．偏见；成见
18．judgement n．看法；判决；判断→judge v．判决
19．embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的→embarrass v.使尴尬
20．awkward adj.局促不安的；笨拙的
Ⅲ.写出下列短语(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)
21．上气不接下气out of breath
22．不顾；不管；尽管in spite of
23．下定决心make up one’s mind
24．冒险take risks/a risk
25．陷入；染上(坏习惯)get into
26．处境危险；遭受危险at risk
27．免疫系统immune system
28．抵抗疾病fight disease
29．生存几率chances of survival
30．受感染become infected
Ⅳ.完成句子(共5小题；每题6分，满分30分)
31．You can have HIV in your blood for a long time，but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease.
在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严重受损，以致你的身体不能再抵抗疾病。
32．Do not share anything else that a person has used while injecting drugs.
在注射药物时，不要使用别人用过的其他任何东西。
33．This will prevent sexual fluid passing from one person to another.
这样就会阻止体液从一个人传到另一个人身上。
34．It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.
只有当这种病发展成为艾滋病时，一个人才会开始显出病态。
35．Women are slightly more likely to become infected than men.
女性感染病毒的可能性比男性稍微大一些。
Ⅰ.True(T) or False(F)
1．It is dangerous to get close to a person with AIDS.(F)
2．It is very likely that you will die if you become infected with HIV.(T)
3．You can only get HIV from injecting drugs.(F)
4．Evidence shows that men get AIDS more easily than women.(F)
5．It could be dangerous to have sex without using a condom.(T)
6．If blood or sexual fluid infected with HIV gets into someone’s body，that person could become infected.(T)
7．You shouldn’t hug a person with HIV/AIDS.(F)
8．It is easy to tell whether a person has HIV/AIDS.(F)
Ⅱ.Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1．The word “homosexuals” means “ ”．
A．people only attracted by the same sex
B．people who don’t care about themselves
C．people who are very sexy
D．people who often have sex
答案 A
2．We can infer from the passage that .
A．HIV is equal to AIDS
B．HIV is different from AIDS
C．HIV weakens a person’s immune system
D．people can have HIV in their blood for quite a long time
答案 B
3．In order to stay safe，you .
A．should not share needles with someone else
B．have to avoid using anything else that the person has used while injecting drugs
C．should use a condom if you have sex with another one
D．all of the above
答案 D
重点词汇
He felt he had to make up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.
他觉得他不得不每一步都要下定决心，而不能冒险。
take risks/a risk冒险
※at the risk of doing...冒着……的风险
at risk处境危险；遭受危险
※risk (doing) sth.冒险(做)……；冒着……的风险
(1)A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.(2018•北京)
一位救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。
(2)Your health might be at risk due to much smoking.由于吸烟过多，你的健康可能受到威胁。
(3)He jumped into the river at the risk of losing his life.他冒着生命危险跳进了河里。
(4)We don’t want to risk being caught(catch) in the traffic jam.我们不想冒堵车的风险。
Of course the best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place！
当然，对付毒品的最好的方法是首先别养成(吸毒的)习惯！
get into陷入；染上(坏习惯)
get away with逃脱惩罚
get along with进展；相处
get down to开始认真做
get through通过；完成get over克服
(1)When he got into trouble，his best friend helped him out.
当他陷入麻烦时，他最好的朋友帮他走出了困境。
(2)Don’t be tempted to cheat—you’ll never get away with it.
别想着作弊——对作弊者会严惩不贷。
(3)How are you getting along with your new classmates？你和你的新同学相处得怎么样？
(4)The man is looking for a way to get over the difficulty.这个人正在想办法克服困难。
If you develop AIDS，your chances of survival are very small.
如果你得了艾滋病，生存的几率很小。
survival n．[U]幸存；[C]残存物
※survive vt.& vi.生还；残存；比……活得长
survive on...仅靠……维持生计
survive sb.by...比某人多活……
※survivor n．生存者；残存者；幸存者
(1)For a sudden heart failure，the single best chance for survival is having someone nearby step in and do CPR quickly.(2017•北京)
对于突发性心力衰竭，存活的最好的机会是有人在附近迅速地做CPR。
(2)She is the only survivor in the accident.
她是这起事故中的唯一幸存者。
(3)Millions of people survive on a very limited diet.
数百万人依靠非常有限的食物生存。
(4)She survived her husband by twenty years.
她比她的丈夫多活了二十年。
[单句改错]
(5)Luckily，most of the passengers survived from the terrible accident.
Before you read this text，what judgements did you make about people with HIV/AIDS？
在读这篇文章之前，你对HIV病毒携带者或者艾滋病患者作什么样的评价？
judgement n．看法；评价；判断；判决
※in one’s judgement 在某人看来
make a judgement 作出判断
※judge v．判定；判断；审判；n.法官；裁判
judging from/by...根据……判断
(1)The company was fined 4 million，following a recent court judgement.
根据最近的法庭判决，这家公司被罚款400万美元。
(2)In my judgement，this new policy is very practical.在我看来，这个新政策是非常实际的。
(3)The expert refused to make a judgement about the situation.这位专家拒绝对形势作出判断。
(4)Judging from/by his words，I could tell that he was honest.
根据他的话判断，我知道他是诚实的。
Then she offered me a cigarette and I felt so embarrassed and awkward.
然后她递给我一支烟，我感到很尴尬且局促不安。
embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的
※be/feel embarrassed to do sth.对做某事感到尴尬
be/feel embarrassed about/at...对……感到难为情/不知所措
※embarrass vt.使难堪，使尴尬
※embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的
※embarrassment n．窘迫；尴尬
(1)My face turned red with embarrassment.
我因为尴尬脸红了。
(2)The young man was embarrassed to admit(admit)
cheating in the test.
这个年轻人尴尬地承认在测试中作弊了。
(3)His speech was followed by an embarrassing(embarrass) silence.
他的讲话过后是一阵令人尴尬的沉默。
[高级表达]
(4)It embarrassed her that she fell down in the presence of the guests.
①What embarrassed her was that she fell down in the presence of the guests.(主语从句；embarrass)
②She fell down in the presence of the guests，which made her embarrassed.(定语从句；embarrassed)
经典句式
It is only when the disease has progressed to AIDS that a person begins to look sick.
只有当这种病发展成为艾滋病时，一个人才会开始显出病态。
本句为强调句型，对when引导的时间状语从句进行强调。
※强调句型的一般式结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他。
※强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋who/that＋其他？
※强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词＋is/was it that＋其他？(强调句型的特殊疑问句只能强调特殊疑问词。)
※判断强调句型的方法：将强调结构去掉，如果句子仍然正确，则是强调句型，否则就不是。
(1)It was the man that/who helped me out when I was in trouble.我处于困境时，是这个人帮助了我。
(2)Was it during the Second World War that he died?
他是在第二次世界大战期间去世的吗？
(3)Where was it that you found your lost pen?
你是在哪里找到你丢失的钢笔的？
[单句改错]
(4)It was in France wherethat I picked up some French.
(5)It werewas the twins that helped me with English.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Due to the war between the two countries，life has become a struggle for survival(survive)．
2．Once you get into the habit of smoking，you will find it hard to get rid of it.
3．Some women are too embarrassed(embarrass) to consult their doctor about the problem.
4．The young man risked being knocked(knock) down to take the child on the busy road to safety.
5．Scientific research shows that women tend to survive their husbands by 5－10 years.
6．—Who is making such a noise?
—It must be the children.
Ⅱ.完成句子
7．You can’t achieve your dream easily without taking risks/a risk.
不冒险你不可能轻易实现你的梦想。
8．Once she has made up her mind，nothing will change it.
一旦她下定决心，什么也改变不了。
9．It was not until he got home that he knew what had happened.
直到他到家以后，他才知道所发生的事。
10．Judging from/by the expression on her face，she must have news of great excitement to tell us.
从她脸上的表情来判断，她一定有非常令人兴奋的消息要告诉我们。
Ⅲ.课文短文改错
HIV is a virus that weaken a person’s immune system.You can have an HIV in your blood for a long time.However，eventual it will damage your immune system so much as your body can no longer fight disease.This stage of the illness was called AIDS.So far，almost everyone who has developed AIDS died.HIV is spread through blood or the fluid where carries the virus.The virus gets inside the body through breaking skin，or by injection.Certainly，scientists will find a cure to HIV/AIDS one day.But before that happens，you need to protect myself.
答案
HIV is a virus that weakenweakens a person’s immune system.You can have an HIV in your blood for a long time.However，eventualeventually it will damage your immune system so much asthat your body can no longer fight disease.This stage of the illness wasis called AIDS.So far，almost everyone who has developed AIDS ∧has died.HIV is spread through blood or the fluid wherethat/which carries the virus.The virus gets inside the body through breakingbroken skin，or by injection.Certainly，scientists will find a cure tofor HIV/AIDS one day.But before that happens，you need to protect myselfyourself.
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The most awkward(难堪的) email mistake is usually committed in anger.(2017•天津)
2．A judge must be free from prejudice(偏见)，so he can make a judgement about a case correctly.
3．What do you think makes his plan abortion(中途失败)?
4．The male(男性) is usually physically stronger than the female(女性)．
5．The needle(针) pierced(刺破) her finger while she was doing some sewing.
6．I lit a cigar(雪茄烟) to calm my nerves.
7．He felt embarrassed(尴尬的) because he made a mistake.
8．A lot of small companies are having to fight for survival(生存)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
9．In spite of the tight schedule of study，the activities for students to achieve their potential have never been called off.
10．I’ve got into the habit of reading English aloud in the morning.
11．Operate the electrical appliance following the instructions attached in the box，or you’ll be at risk.
12．In her judgement，he was not very good at his job.
13．While listening(listen)，the secretary set down a series of what the manager said.
Ⅲ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
14．Despite of her good salary，she measured out every dollar needed for household expenses.
15．Don’t take it for granted，and even an experienced climber can get into the trouble.
16．It is typical of him to take ∧a或riskrisks in the experiment.
17.JudgedJudging from his appearance，he seems to be a strong man.
18．How does the woman feel when askingasked about the price of her flat?
Ⅳ.完成句子
19．He is so tired that he feels as if he could sleep the clock around.
他疲惫至极以至于他觉得好像能睡24小时。
20．It is illegal to sell alcohol to children.
卖酒给儿童是违法的。
21．Much to her embarrassment，she realized that everybody had been listening to her singing.
她意识到大家一直在听她唱歌，感到很不好意思。
22．He signed his name on that paper at the risk of getting dismissed.
他冒着被解雇的风险在那份文件上签了名。
23．Children who live in the country’s rural areas are very likely to be poor.
住在该国乡村地区的孩子很有可能很贫穷。
能力提升
Ⅴ.阅读理解
A
The health benefits of sleep are both varied and well known.We all need to have enough sleep so as to be able to function well on both mental and physical tasks.Sleep is probably the best beauty treatment available to a person，allowing you to look younger overnight.This is probably the most superficial(表面的) benefit of sleep.The other benefits are incredibly important.
The amount of sleep that is required varies from one person to another and in many cases one person is at risk of not getting enough sleep.It is all too easy to settle into a habit that doesn’t really suit you when your family requires less sleep than you.They may well try to get up quietly and leave you resting a little longer.If they are successful in slipping(溜) out of the room and you remain in the same state of sleep then you are very lucky.Many people find themselves being disturbed by either sound or movement and then it can be difficult to return to sleep.
The fact is that whatever your reasons are for settling for less sleep than what is ideal for you，it is important to deal with your situation.Sleep is very important.Failing to get enough sleep is very costly to your health.
Many people have trouble getting to sleep.Their minds run on overtime or they become overtired.Perhaps you have simply gotten out of the habit of sleeping well.If this is the case then meditation(冥想) or hypnosis(催眠状态) can be very helpful.
Hypnosis is a natural state of relaxation and is in fact the state between being awake
and asleep.When learning to use hypnosis you can also teach yourself how to relax，let go of bad thoughts and prepare yourself naturally for sleep.It is natural and easy.Simply by listening to hypnotic songs you can train your mind to expect to sleep and return to your natural sleep patterns.
语篇解读 睡觉其实就是一种简单的养生，睡眠质量的好坏直接影响着一个人的健康，因此每天拥有高质量的睡眠显得尤为重要。
24．What will happen if you have enough high quality sleep?
A．You can never fail to perform your tasks.
B．You can become more beautiful than others.
C．You can be joyful and full of energy.
D．You can deal with others in an easy way.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“function well on both mental and physical tasks”可知，充足的睡眠在精神和体力任务上都能发挥很好的作用，因此选项C正确。
25．What does the second paragraph imply?
A．You’d better not live with your family.
B．A poor sleeping habit forms easily.
C．You should get used to various noises.
D．It will make you annoyed when your sleep gets disturbed.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，当你的家人需要的睡眠比你少时，你很容易养成并不适合你的睡眠习惯。故选B。
26．Why do some people have difficulty falling asleep?
A．They are exhausted.
B．They know nothing about hypnosis.
C．They don’t intend to sleep well.
D．They tend to work hard at night.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Their minds run on overtime or they become overtired.”可知，很多人不能入睡是因为他们非常疲惫。故选A项。
27．In which column of a newspaper can you read the text?
A．Finance. B．Society.
C．Health. D．Politics.
答案 C
解析 文章出处题。作者讲述了睡眠与人的健康之间的关系、睡眠方面可能遇到的问题及解决方法，因此该文章应该出自报纸的健康版面。故选C项。
B
(2017•山西晋中高二质检)
Popular culture often shows alcohol as a big part of the college experience in the United States.Television programs and movies about American college life have images of wild parties with young people either drinking alcohol or holding a drink.
Now，a new study of alcohol use suggests that some college students may be missing meals so they can have more drinks or get drunk faster.Researchers are calling this
kind of behavior “drunkorexia”．
The study involved 1,184 college students between the ages of 18 and 26.Researchers found that 80 percent of those studied had demonstrated some kind of drunkorexia in the past three months.They had performed heavy physical exercise，eaten low calorie meals or even missed meals for up to a full day before drinking alcohol.
Dipali Rinker organized the study and presented its findings to the Research Society on Alcoholism in June.She says students see drunkorexia as a way to keep their body weight down while drinking alcohol.And it causes them to feel the effects of alcohol quickly and with more intensity(强度)．Rinker says unhealthy eating habits are only one of the reasons why this type of behavior is dangerous.Heavy drinking is linked to drunk driving，unprotected sex，and alcohol poisoning.
George Koob，who directs a U．S.governmental agency that studies alcohol related problems，says that the percent of students using alcohol has not increased in recent years.But what worries him is that the number of students drinking to the point of “blacking out” has increased.Blacking out is when a person drinks so much alcohol they have no memory of their actions while drunk.
Koob notes that college students in Canada and Europe also face issues with alcohol.But he feels a big part of the problem is that Americans do not fully understand alcohol’s effects.Most people do not know the part of the brain where decisions are made is not fully developed until age 25 and that alcohol harms the development of that part of the brain，he adds.
语篇解读 本文介绍了美国大学生过度饮酒的现象以及过度饮酒所造成的伤害。
28．What is the purpose of the behavior “drunkorexia”？
A．To get drunk.
B．To drink more alcohol.
C．To take exercise.
D．To lose weight.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“She says students see drunkorexia as a way to keep their body weight down while drinking alcohol.(她说学生们喝酒时把drunkorexia作为一种减轻体重的方法。)”可知选D。
29．What can heavy drinking result in?
A．Unhealthy eating habits.
B．Drunkorexia.
C．Alcohol poisoning.
D．Quick response.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段列出的过度饮酒所导致的结果“Heavy drinking is linked to drunk driving，unprotected sex，and alcohol poisoning.”可知选C。
30．Which of the following is the result of blacking out?
A．Missing meals.
B．Forgetting something one did.
C．Having unprotected sex.
D．Operating a vehicle while drunk.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Blacking out is when a person drinks so much alcohol they have no memory of their actions while drunk.”可知，blacking out的结果是忘记一个人所做的事。故选B。
31．By writing the passage，the writer aims to .
A．show heavy drinking and its harm
B．show American college life
C．introduce American culture
D．explain harmful behaviors
答案 A
解析 写作意图题。通读全文可看出，文章介绍了美国大学生过度饮酒的现象以及过度饮酒所造成的伤害，故作者的写作目的就是为了表明过度饮酒及其危害。故选A。
Ⅵ.七选五
Kids and Food：Advice for Parents
It is important for parents to know how to help their kids eat healthily.Here are a few easy ways：
Parents control the supply lines.
32 Though kids may keep asking for less nutritious(有营养的) foods，parents should decide which foods are regularly provided in the house.Kids won’t go hungry.They’ll eat what’s available in the fridge at home.
Say goodbye to the “cleanplate club”．
33 Lots of parents grew up under the cleanplate rule，but that way doesn’t help kids listen to their own bodies when they are full.When kids feel full，they’re less likely to overeat.
34
Food preferences are developed early in life，so try to offer different kinds of foods.Likes and dislikes begin forming even when kids are babies.Parents may need to serve a new food on several different occasions for a child to accept it.
Food is not love.
Find better ways to say “I love you”．When foods are used to reward kids and show love，they may start to turn to food when feeling worried or unhappy. 35
Kids do as you do.
36 When trying to teach good eating habits，try to set the best example.Choose nutritious foods，eat at the table，and don’t forget breakfasts.
A．Start them young.
B．Rewrite the kids’ menu.
C．Be a role model and eat healthily yourself.
D．Offer praise and attention instead of food treats.
E．Let kids stop eating when they feel they’ve had enough.
F．You decide which foods to buy and when to serve them.
G．Let kids choose what to eat and how much of it they want.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。作者向父母们提出了几点建议以确保孩子们吃得
健康。
32．答案 F
解析 由该段标题“Parents control the supply lines.”和文中的“parents should decide...in the house”可知F项内容符合此处语境。
33．答案 E
解析 由该段标题“Say goodbye to the ‘cleanplate club’”和文中的“that way doesn’t help...when they are full”可知，如果孩子感觉吃饱了就不要再强迫他们非得把盘子里的食物吃光，这样对身体不好，故选E项。
34．答案 A
解析 本段主要是说要帮助孩子从小养成不挑食的好习惯，故用A项作为小标题最恰当。
35．答案 D
解析 由该段标题“Food is not love.”和文中的“When foods are used...feeling worried or unhappy.”可知，作者建议不要用食物作为奖励，而是应该给予表扬和关注，故选D项。
36．答案 C
解析 由该段标题“Kids do as you do.”和文中的“When trying to teach good eating habits，try to set the best example.”可知，要想培养孩子良好的饮食习惯，父母首先得以身作则，故选C项。
Ⅶ.微写作
写作素材 (关于毒品)
1．现在有些青少年滥用毒品。
2．那些吸毒上瘾的人，很难活下来。
3．他们会感到不安、可耻、失望甚至绝望。
4．他们想戒毒，但是效果不好。
5．他们感到巨大的压力，需要帮助。
提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用who引导的定语从句。
连句成篇 (将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文)
Nowadays some adolescents abuse drugs. Those who are addicted to drugs can hardly survive. They feel embarrassed，ashamed，disappointed and even desperate. They want to withdraw/quit，but it has little effect. They feel greatly stressed and need help.
Period Four Grammar—The use of “it”(1)
感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题
1．It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under the big tree at the end of the garden.
2．It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.
3．It is my birthday in two weeks’ time and I’ll be 82 years old!
4．Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up.
5．Believe me，I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop.
6．This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.
7．As you know，if you do the same thing over and over again，you begin to do it automatically.
8．I didn’t know，for example，that it could do terrible damage to your heart and lungs or that it was more difficult for smoking couples to become pregnant.
1．it可以用作非人称代词，指代天气，如句1；也可以指代时间，如句3。
2．it用作非人称代词时，可以指代前面所说的部分内容或某个东西，如句4中的第二个it、句6、句7和句8中的第一个it。
3．it可以代替主语从句，作形式主语，如句2；也可代替不定式作形式主语，如句5和句8中的第二个it。
4．it可以代替不定式作形式宾语，如句4中的第一个it。
一、it 作人称代词
1．it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指上文提到的事物，以避免重复：
Xi’an is a beautiful city，isn’t it?
西安是个美丽的城市，不是吗？
2．也可以指动物、婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子)或不明身份的人：
—Is this your dog?
—No，it isn’t.
——这是你的狗吗？
——不是。
Her new baby is tiny；it only weighs 2 kilos.
她刚生的宝宝个头很小，才两千克重。
—Who is it knocking at the door?
—It might be the postman.
——谁在敲门？
——可能是邮递员。
二、it作非人称代词
1．指天气：
It is a lovely day，isn’t it?
天气真不错，不是吗？
It is a bit windy.有点风。
2．指时间：
It was nearly midnight when she came back.
她回来时已近午夜。
3．指环境：
It was very quiet in the café.咖啡馆里非常安静。
4．指距离：
It is half an hour’s walk to the city centre from my home.
从我家到市中心有半小时的步行路程。
5．指日期：
—What’s the date today?
—It’s May 1,2018.
——今天是几号？
——2018年5月1日。
6．指季节：
It is summer now.现在是夏季。
三、it作形式主语
1．it作形式主语替代动词不定式
(1)It be＋adj.＋(for sb.) to do sth.
此处的形容词通常为描述事件的形容词：easy，difficult，hard，necessary，unnecessary，possible，impossible，likely，unlikely，right，wrong，important，unimportant，legal，illegal，wellmannered，illmannered，polite，impolite，clear，obvious，certain，suitable，proper，fit，useful，useless，dangerous等。
It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.
青少年没有驾照开车是违法的。
(2)It be＋adj.＋of sb.to do sth.
此处的形容词通常为描述人的形容词：kind，unkind，nice，rude，cruel，considerate，thoughtful，thoughtless，careful，careless，silly，foolish，stupid，clever，wise，crazy等。
It’s kind of you to help me with the problem.
帮我解决问题，你真是太好了。
2．it作形式主语替代主语从句
(1)It is＋adj.＋从句
It is clear (obvious/true/possible/certain/...) that...
该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚(显然，真的……)”。例如：
It is very clear that he’s round and tall like a tree.
很明显他又胖又高像一棵树。
(2)It is＋v.ed＋that...＝Sb./Sth.is＋v.ed＋to do
It is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped/...) that...
该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说(据报道，据悉……)”。
It is said that he has come to Beijing.
据说他已经来北京了。
It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.
据报道另一个地球卫星已发射进轨道。
(3)It is＋n.＋that...
It is a pity (a shame/an honor/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/...) that...
该句型中，如果表示出乎意料等感情，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省去，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。例如：
It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
It is a pity that he is ill.他生病了，真遗憾！
四、it作形式宾语
当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it 作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。常用的动词有think，believe，make，find，consider，feel等。
I think it no use arguing with him.
我认为和他争吵没有用。
I found it very interesting to study English.
我发现学英语非常有趣。
He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.
他非常清楚地表示他对这门学科不感兴趣。
疑难辨析
一、it替代作主语的动名词或不定式的常见句型
It’s no good/use doing...
It’s (well) worth doing...
It’s worthwhile doing/to do...
二、it常用的固定搭配
1．make it
(1)在口语当中相当于succeed，表示“成功，做到，说定，赶上，及时到达”。例如：
He never really made it as an actor.
他从来就不是一个成功的演员。
(2)在口语中相当于fix the date for，表示“约定好时间”。例如：
—Shall we meet next week?
—OK.We just make it next Saturday.
——我们下星期见面好吗？
——好。那我们约定好下星期六吧。
2．take it/things easy相当于don’t worry或don’t hurry，用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，沉住气”。
Take it easy! He will do it well.
别担心！他会做好的。
3．it all depends/that all depends 在口语中，相当于it hasn’t been decided yet，表示“视情况而定”。
—Are you going to the countryside for holiday?
—It/That all depends.
——你要去乡村度假吗？
——那得看情况。
4．it’s up to sb.在口语中，相当于it’s decided by sb.表示“由……决定，由……负责，取决于……”。
—Shall we go out for dinner?
—It’s up to you.
——我们出去吃晚饭吗？
——你决定吧。
Ⅰ.用适当的代词填空
1．Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.(2018•浙江)
2．It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables，” given that they’re profitable.(2018•江苏)
3．Whatever you’re looking for，color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.(2018•全国Ⅰ)
4．The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening，making it one of the most popular events in gardening.(2018•全国Ⅲ)
5．When it comes to technology and reading，the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of ereaders and tablets on reading.(2018•全国Ⅱ)
6．I can’t find my purse.I could have left it in the supermarket yesterday，but I’m not sure.
(2018•天津)
7．For most of the last century，the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds.(2018•浙江)
8．However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using it every day.(2017•全国Ⅱ)
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．It was both excitedexciting and frightening to be up there！(2016•浙江，短文改错)
2．Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around themit.
(2015•浙江，短文改错)
3．It is difficult to understandingunderstand why she barks every minute she’s outside.
(2014•辽宁，短文改错)
4．We were organizing an art exhibition for high school students in the city.ThisIt will be held on the 9th of July in the Exhibition Hall of Beihai.(2008•宁夏，短文改错)
5．Now，I fully understand how hard ∧it is to earn money.(2008•浙江，短文改错)
Ⅰ.用适当的代词填空
1．This house is beautiful with a garden.We really like it very much.
2．Well，you mustn’t play on the road.It is dangerous.
3．Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see who it is.
4．—I have a new copy of the book.I’d like to send it to you.
—No，thanks.I’d rather buy one in the bookstore.
5．The mistake made it impossible for us to go on.
6．From the teacher’s patient explanation, I have learnt what a big responsibility it is to educate us.
7．I know it is important to know my own limitations, but what is difficult is to help others to know their own limitations.
8．I would appreciate it very much if you could give me some suggestions.
9．It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
10．Will you see to it that my children are taken good care of while I am away?
Ⅱ.完成句子
11．It’s kind of you to share your dictionary with me.
与我共用你的字典，你真是太好了。
12．What’s worse, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to observe traffic rules.
更糟的是，一些司机、骑自行车的人和行人认为遵守交通规则不重要。
13．He owes it to his doctor’s care that he is quite well again.
多亏医生的照料，他的身体又好起来了。
14．We all take it for granted that Mile can succeed.
我们都想当然地认为米莱能成功。
15．How far is it from your hometown to Beijing?
从你的家乡到北京有多远？
基础巩固
Ⅰ.用适当的代词填空
1．If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand，could you get one for me?
2．The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.
3．It is said that he once worked in a factory.
4．Someone is knocking at the door.Who can it be?
5．It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital.
6．Studying Wendy’s menu，I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonald’s.
7．I find it my fault to have hurt her feelings.
8．New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and at lower cost.
9．The weather here is better than that in Shandong.
10．I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
11．I think thatit impossible to persuade the man to quit his plan.
12.ThereIt is no wonder that the girl looks so happy—she has won the first prize.
13．This coat looks so nice，so I would like to buy oneit.
14．The old man said that it’s no use waitwaiting here so long.
15．It is a pity that you wouldshould或would miss such a good chance.
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
(2017•河南新乡延津一中高二检测)
The younger generation，according to a new survey，can hardly remember the last time of climbing trees or flying kites，as they are kept indoors and short of outdoor experiences.
The survey of 1,000 people found that the current generation of 15 to 34yearolds have fewer memories of 12 key countryside activities such as swimming in the rivers or going fishing.
The research found that three quarters of the older generation remembered playing games or climbing trees，compared with two thirds of younger adults.
The 55＋ generation also had more memories of collecting stones，visiting a farm or pond dipping.Altogether，two thirds of older people had more memories of playing outdoors compared to just over half of the younger generation.
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) carried out the study at the start of the school term to stress the growing worry that children are not getting outdoors enough.
The study has found that 82 percent of people think that schools should provide more outdoor education and most believe nature is still important to children today.
Dr Mike Clarke，head of the RSPB，said children who are usually kept indoors are easier to get “nature deficit disorder”．He said public money should be used to take children on day trips to nature and to build wildlife gardens，especially in poor areas.
“To many people，it would seem clear and unquestionable that an important part of childhood is exploring the world around you.Unfortunately，this is far from the fact and the children are having less time and fewer chances to get close to nature，” he said.
“The RSPB has more than a 40year history in getting children outdoors and is still continuing to play our role.We now need the government and the schools to realize that they should play the most important role in making it possible for all the children to experience，enjoy and benefit from the outdoor environment.”
语篇解读 本文分析了现在孩子们在户外活动不多的现状，建议孩子多到大自然中进行户外活动。
16．Compared with the current generation，the older generation have .
A．more homework and exercises when they were children
B．more memories of wonderful life in the countryside
C．fewer memories of taking part in outdoor activities
D．fewer chances of going on a visit to the big cities
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，现在的年轻一代与老一辈人相比，对乡村活动的记忆更少，所以老一辈人有更多乡村生活的记忆。故选B。
17．The RSPB carried out the study in order to tell people to .
A．spend more time with their kids
B．care more about the kids’ growth
C．let their kids get more outdoor activities
D．order the schools to provide outdoor education
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可知，RSPB进行研究是为了强调现在孩子们室外运动的不足，让孩子们更多地进行室外活动。故选C。
18．According to the passage，“nature deficit disorder” often happens to .
A．children who often stay indoors
B．children who often go outdoors
C．all the younger generation
D．all the older generation
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第七段中的“children who are usually kept indoors are easier to get ‘nature deficit disorder’”可知，长期待在室内的孩子更容易得“自然缺失症”。故选A。
19．We can learn from Dr Clarke’s words in the last paragraph that .
A．all the children can’t get close to nature and aren’t healthy any longer
B．outdoor activities are the most important for the current generation
C．the RSPB is more important than the government and schools in getting kids outdoors
D．the RSPB plays an important role in getting kids outdoors all the time
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，RSPB在让孩子们更多地接触自然方面一直起着很大的作用。故选D。
Ⅳ.完形填空
Anthony Burgess was 40 years old when he was told by the doctor that he had only one year to live.He had a brain tumor(瘤) that would 20 him within a year.He knew he had a battle.He was completely broken at that time，and he didn’t have anything to 21 to his wife，Lynne，who would soon be a widow(寡妇)．
Burgess had 22 been a professional novelist in the past，but he always knew that the potential(潜质) was inside him to be a writer.So，for the only 23 of leaving royalties(版税) behind to his wife，he 24 a piece of paper into a typewriter and began 25 .Although he was not 26 whether what he wrote would even be published，he couldn’t think of else to do.
“It was January of 1960，” he said，“and according to what the 27 had said，I had a winter and spring and summer to 28 ，and would die with the fall of the 29 .”During that time Burgess wrote very hard， 30 five and a half long novels 31 the year passed by.
But Anthony Burgess did not 32 .His cancer had gone into remission(缓解) and then disappeared altogether.In his long and full life as a 33 ，he wrote more than 70 novels；but 34 death sentences，he might not have written at all.
Many of us are like Anthony Burgess，hiding 35 inside，waiting for some 36 emergency to bring it out. 37 yourself what you’d do if you had Anthony Burgess’ 38 difficult situation.If I had just a year to live，how would I live 39 from others who would be desperate？What exactly would I do?
语篇解读 文章讲述了安东尼•伯吉斯被诊断患有脑瘤，艰难的处境激发了伯吉斯的潜能，使他开始写作，最终成为一名小说家。
20．A.kill B．cure
C．support D．change
答案 A
解析 根据上文“Anthony Burgess was 40 years old when he was told by the doctor that he had only one year to live.”可知，脑瘤会在一年内要他的命。kill杀死。故选A。
21．A.set out B．worry about
C．leave behind D．depend on
答案 C
解析 根据上文“He was completely broken at that time”可知，他没有什么可以留给他的妻子。leave behind留下。故选C。
22．A.ever B．never
C．yet D．always
答案 B
解析 根据下文“but he always knew that the potential(潜质) was inside him to be a writer”可知，安东尼•伯吉斯过去从来不是一个专业的小说家。never从不。故选B。
23．A.cause B．use
C．purpose D．rule
答案 C
解析 根据下文“leaving royalties(版税) behind to his wife”可知他的目的是给妻子留下版税。purpose目的。故选C。
24．A.found B．put
C．added D．dropped
答案 B
解析 句意为：他将一张纸放进打字机。put放置。故选B。
25．A.learning B．researching
C．drawing D．writing
答案 D
解析 根据上文“leaving royalties(版税) behind to his wife”可知，他开始写作。write写作。故选D。
26．A.certain B．aware
C．surprised D．satisfied
答案 B
解析 句意为：虽然他不知道他写的东西是否会被出版，但是他想不出还能做什么。be aware of意识到，知道。故选B。
27．A.wife B．friend
C．doctor D．student
答案 C
解析 根据上文“he was told by the doctor”可知，医生告诉他他只有一年的时间了。故选C。
28．A.think over B．deal with
C．wait for D．live through
答案 D
解析 根据上文“he had only one year to live”可知，他有一个冬天、一个春天和一个夏天可以度过。live through度过。故选D。
29．A.wall B．snow
C．city D．leaf
答案 D
解析 根据上文“I had a winter and spring and summer”可知，他在下次落叶的时候就要去世了。leaf叶子。故选D。
30．A.reading B．translating
C．collecting D．finishing
答案 D
解析 句意为：那段时间伯吉斯努力写作，完成了五本半长篇小说。finish完成。故选D。
31．A.until B．since
C．before D．when
答案 C
解析 这里强调的是这一年还没有过去，他就完成了五本半长篇小说。before在……之前。故选C。
32．A.refuse B．die
C．escape D．disappear
答案 B
解析 根据下文“His cancer had gone into remission (缓解) and then disappeared altogether.”可知，他没有死(die)。故选B。
33．A.novelist B．politician
C．designer D．patient
答案 A
解析 根据下文“he wrote more than 70 novels”可知，他作为一名小说家(novelist)。故选A。
34．A.without B．as
C．for D．with
答案 C
解析 句意为：要不是死亡判决，他可能根本就不会写作。but for要不是。故选C。
35．A.kindness B．greatness
C．happiness D．pain
答案 B
解析 根据上文“but he always knew that the potential(潜质) was inside him to be a writer”可知，我们很多人都像安东尼•伯吉斯一样，将伟大隐藏在内心。greatness伟大。故选B。
36．A.favorable B．national
C．unexpected D．small
答案 C
解析 根据上文“when he was told by the doctor that he had only one year to live”可知，我们都在等着一些意想不到的事情将内在的潜能激发出来。unexpected意料之外的。故选C。
37．A.Teach B．Help
C．Ask D．Make
答案 C
解析 根据下文“What exactly would I do？”可知，是问你自己：如果你处在安东尼•伯吉斯的困境你会怎么做。ask问。故选C。
38．A.latest B．original
C．strange D．new
答案 B
解析 根据上文可知，安东尼•伯吉斯最初被诊断患有脑瘤。属于最初的困难处境。original原始的，最初的。故选B。
39．A.highly B．separately
C．lonely D．differently
答案 D
解析 句意为：我怎么能和那些绝望的人生活得不一样呢？differently不同地。故选D。
Ⅴ.语法填空
After four years of living here，I have a better 40 (understand) of northern China’s food.
Northern China’s hearty food is 41 (general) more acceptable to Westerners.They can enjoy Beijing roast duck，beef and dairy from Inner Mongolia，and Korean dishes in the northeast.Northern China experiences cold and dry winters，and hot summers， 42 (make) calories and salt replacement more important.As a result，northern dishes have strong flavors，compared with the south 43 dishes are lighter in flavor.
Wheat is the main crop of northern China，and you will find a variety of wheatflour 44 (product)．Rice is also eaten in the north，but it is certainly secondary to wheat.Dumplings are very popular in the north， 45 (serve) with vinegar for dipping.
Northerners tend to eat more meat and dairy for the purpose 46 fighting against the cold weather.Most meat dishes 47 (base) on mutton，pork，beef，chicken，and fish.
48 are less fresh vegetables available because of the cold weather.Fruit is traditionally limited to a few hard seasonal varieties like apples，so it doesn’t feature much in the cuisine，although the northwest is famous for 49 (it) dried fruit and wine.
语篇解读 本文介绍了中国北方的饮食。
40．答案 understanding
解析 考查名词。设空处作宾语，前面有a better限定且意为“理解”，故填understanding。
41．答案 generally
解析 考查副词。设空处修饰形容词，故填副词generally。
42．答案 making
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词experiences，此处应用非谓语动词。Northern China与make之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且make所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生，故填making。
43．答案 where
解析 考查定语从句引导词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰the south
，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
44．答案 products
解析 考查名词单复数。此处意为“各种各样的由面粉制成的产品”，故填product的复数形式。
45．答案 served
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处作后置定语，serve与dumplings之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且serve表示的动作已完成，故填served。
46．答案 of
解析 考查固定搭配。for the purpose of意为“为了……；目的是……”。
47．答案 are based
解析 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处描述的是客观事实，且主语meat dishes(复数)与base之间是被动关系，故填are based。
48．答案 There
解析 考查固定句型。句意为：由于天气寒冷，新鲜蔬菜比较少。此处是there be句型，故填There。
49．答案 its
解析 考查代词。设空处后有名词fruit and wine，故填形容词性物主代词its。
Ⅵ.短文改错
My parents run the restaurant in our city.I help out there after school every time when I am free.Yesterday afternoon I went there help out as usual.While I was there，two foreigners from Australia came to have a meal.Learned that they didn’t speak Chinese at all，I went up and greeted them with English.I recommended some typical dish to them and they had a nicely meal.After the meal，they expressed their satisfaction with the food but praised me for my English.It was the first time that I have communicated with foreigners.My parents felt proud of mine.
答案
My parents run thea restaurant in our city.I help out there after school every time when I am free.Yesterday afternoon I went there ∧to help out as usual.While I was there，two foreigners from Australia came to have a meal.LearnedLearning that they didn’t speak Chinese at all，I went up and greeted them within English.I recommended some typical dishdishes to them and they had a nicelynice meal.After the meal，they expressed their satisfaction with the food butand praised me for my English.It was the first time that I havehad communicated with foreigners.My parents felt proud of mineme.
Period Five Writing—Persuasive writing：letter of advice
本单元的写作要求是写一封劝告信，属于应用文写作范畴。劝告信的目的是让人们的行为更加合理，对达到某一目的或实现某一愿望更加有利。一般说来，劝告比建议语气更重一些，有时还略带几分强制的意味，像“You’d better...”就属于这一类句型。劝告信可采用“三段式”写法，第一段提出问题；第二段写“三要三不要”；第三段表明自己的看法和期望。
(一)开头常用句式——引出话题
1．I am sorry you have had so much trouble in...
2．You have asked for my advice on...and I will try to make some suggestions.
(二)主体常用句式——提出建议
1．In my opinion，it would be wise for you to take the following action.
2．First of all，...；Meanwhile，...；In addition，...
3．It’s important for you to...
4．In the first place，I would also recommend a balanced diet.
5．Why not drink a little，exercise，stop smoking and eat more fruit?
(三)结尾常用句式——提出期望
1．Cheer up！Your troubles will soon be over.
2．Where there is a will，there is a way.
3．Don’t lose heart，whatever happens.
4．I will be very glad if you find my suggestions useful.
5．Please let me know if I can help further.
假设你是李华，你的英国笔友John写信询问你关于如何过低碳生活的有关情况。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封100词左右的回信，建议他也过低碳生活。
1．陈述理由：为什么要过低碳生活？(环境质量日益恶化等)
2．如何过低碳生活？提出至少三条建议。(必要时才开灯；让电器按节能方式运转；坐公交车或骑自行车；限制塑料袋；垃圾分类等)
注意：开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：过低碳生活：live a lowcarbon life
审题
1．确定体裁：本文为建议信；
2．确定人称：本文的主要人称应为第一人称；
3．确定时态：主要使用一般现在时。
谋篇
本文可以分为三个部分：
第一部分，点出写建议信的原因。
第二部分，具体可行的建议：正确使用电器；首选公交车或自行车；限制塑料袋；垃圾分类。
第三部分，提出希望。
必备词汇
1．日益恶化go from bad to worse
2．一种做……的好方法a good way to do...
3．执行carry out
4．开灯turn on the lights
5．让……运转keep... working
6．是某人的首选be one’s first choice
7．排放emission
关键句式
1．过低碳生活是减少温室气体排放的一种好方法。
Living a lowcarbon life is a good way to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases.
2．我将用以下几种方法执行我的计划。
I shall carry out my plan in the following ways.
3．只有在必要时，我才会开灯。
I shall turn on the lights only when it is necessary.
4．为了节省能源，我将让冰箱和空调以低碳模式运转。
I shall keep the refrigerator and air conditioners working in the lowcarbon mode to save energy.
5．公交车或自行车将是我的首选。
The bus or bicycle will be my first choice.
6．当我购物时，我将限制使用塑料袋。
When I go shopping，I will limit the use of plastic bags.
7．只要有可能，我将把垃圾分成不可回收垃圾和可回收垃圾。
Whenever/No matter when it is possible，I will separate my rubbish into nonrecyclable and recyclable waste.
句式升级
1．用as引导的原因状语从句连接句1和句2。
As living a lowcarbon life is a good way to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases，I shall carry out my plan in the following ways.
2．用并列连词and连接句3和句4。
I shall turn on the lights only when necessary and keep the refrigerator and air conditioners working in the lowcarbon mode to save energy.
3．用not only...but also...且not only位于句首合并句6和句7。
Not only will I limit the use of plastic bags when I go shopping，but also I will separate my rubbish into nonrecyclable and recyclable waste whenever possible.
用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇100词左右的英语短文。
参考范文
Dear John，
You have asked for my advice on how to live a lowcarbon life and I will try to make some suggestions.With the environmental pollution going from bad to worse，I sincerely suggest to all that we should live a lowcarbon life today.
As living a lowcarbon life is a good way to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases，I shall carry out my plan in the following ways.To begin with，I shall turn on the lights when necessary and keep the refrigerator and air conditioners working in the lowcarbon mode to save energy.Additionally，the bus or bicycle will be my first choice.Last but not least，not only will I limit the use of plastic bags when shopping，but also I will separate my rubbish into nonrecyclable and recyclable waste whenever possible.
I hope that you will join in the activity.
Yours，
Li Hua
单元知识滚动练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The translation(翻译) is well done except for a few small mistakes.
2．He’s been in a lot of trouble—drugs，guns，blackmail—the list is endless(无穷无尽的)．
3．The water in the Dead Sea is so salty(咸的) that you can’t sink when you are in the water.
4．The project needs to raise ￡8 million in sponsorship(赞助)．
5．There is to be a total ban(禁令) on smoking in the office.
6．Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress(压力)．
7．His behavior was completely beyond comprehension(理解)．
8．Chinese scientists recently had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.
9．The child is awkward with his chopsticks.
10．It is clear that the chairman is not satisfied with the foreigner’s prejudice(偏见)．
Ⅱ.选词填空
in particular，let out，stay up，run out of，be addicted to，accustom oneself to，in effect，in spite of，get into，decide on
11．You need to know what to abandon if you run out of time.
12．Doctors suggest that people should not stay up late even on holidays.
13．I would rather you hadn’t let out the secret.You see，I am in great trouble now.
14．It was a good concert—I enjoyed the last song in particular.
15．Many new laws have been passed while some ancient laws are still in effect.
16．Having moved to the northeast of China，I had to accustom myself to the dry weather here.
17．We enjoyed our holiday in spite of the bad weather.
18．Thomas seems always to get into trouble.
19．He is addicted to drinking，but he dislikes smoking.
20．Sometimes it is not easy to decide on an important thing.
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
21．A librarian(library) is a person who is in charge of or works in a library.
22．To my delight，he was delighted to accept the invitation.
23．Knowledge from real life isn’t easier to forget than that achieved from textbooks.
24．We don’t know if it was done by chance or on purpose.
25．It is natural that children feel like watching(watch) cartoons when they are young.
26．He quickly became accustomed to eating(eat) the local food.
27．To my excitement，my new job is much less stressful(stress)．
28．What was it that made the man feel so ashamed(shame) that day?
29．The expert said that the effect that the Internet has on the boy was very strong.
30．The bad news made the people present at the meeting very disappointed(disappoint)．
31．They all said that he achieved his aim more by luck than by judgement(judge)．
32．When he came to himself，he found himself surrounded(surround) by a group of boys.
33．It is illegal(legal) to drive a car when you have drunk some wine.
34．The other team is more likely to win(win) the game this time.
35．He took a deep breath，desperately(desperate) trying to keep calm.
Ⅳ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
36．We saw a truck loadingloaded with bananas and the driver offered to give us a lift.
37．The passengers would have died if their food and water had been run out.
或The passengers would have died if their food and water had been run out ∧of.
38．The mother was ashamed forof her son’s bad behavior that night.
39．The player was ill and was unfit ∧to play in the match on Saturday.
40.AddictingAddicted to the Internet，the boy did badly in his exams.
41．Do you think I should risk sendsending him a letter this evening?
42．Working hard can help us get intoover difficult situations.
43．Only a few soldiers are still fighting for survivalssurvival.
44.JudgedJudging from his appearance，the man must come from the south.
45．I have never felt more embarrassingembarrassed in my life.
Ⅴ.单元语法——用it句型改写下列句子
46．To remember this rule is important.
It is important to remember this rule.
47．To obey the rules to keep the society in order and people’s lives safe is everyone’s responsibility.
It is everyone’s responsibility to obey the rules to keep the society in order and people’s lives safe.
48．That she should have married a farmer is surprising.
It is surprising that she should have married a farmer.
49．Don’t you find watching television too much a waste of time?
Don’t you find it a waste of time watching television too much?
50．That his invention will lead to the development of production is certain.
It is certain that his invention will lead to the development of production.
单元知识回顾——默写练习(三)
Ⅰ.单元知识回顾(共30小题；每题2分，满分60分)
1．写出与 stress有关的短语
(1)强调某事；给某物压力lay/place/put stress on sth.
(2)在压力下under stress
(3)过度劳累；紧张stress out
2．写出与ban有关的短语
(1)禁止做某事ban doing sth.
(2)禁止某人做某事ban sb.from doing sth.
(3)关于某事的禁令a ban on sth.
3．沉溺于某种嗜好；醉心于某种活动be/become addicted to sth./doing sth.
4．写出与 effect有关的短语
(1)对……有影响have an effect on/upon
(2)实际上；在实施中，有效in effect
(3)生效；开始实施come into effect
(4)起作用take effect
5．想要(做)某事feel like(doing) sth.＝would like(to do) sth.
6．写出与 desperate有关的短语
(1)极想要……/渴望得到……be desperate for
(2)极想做某事be desperate to do sth.
7．写出与 ashamed有关的短语
(1)为……而感到羞耻be ashamed of...
(2)羞于/耻于做某事be ashamed to do sth.
8．写出与risk有关的短语
(1)冒险take risks/a risk
(2)冒着……的风险at the risk of doing...
(3)处境危险；遭受危险at risk
(4)冒险(做)……；冒着……的风险risk (doing) sth.
9．写出与get 有关的短语
(1)陷入；染上(坏习惯)get into
(2)逃脱惩罚get away with
(3)开始认真做get down to
(4)通过；完成get through
10．写出与survive有关的短语
(1)仅靠……维持生计survive on...
(2)比某人多活…… survive sb.by...
11．写出与 judge有关的短语
(1)在某人看来in one’s judgement
(2)根据……判断judging from/by...
12．写出与embarrass有关的短语
(1)对做某事感到尴尬be/feel embarrassed to do sth.
(2)对……感到难为情/不知所措be/feel embarrassed about/at...
Ⅱ.完成句子(共5小题；每题4分，满分20分)
13．I seem to lose something every time I travel.
我好像每次旅行都会丢东西。
14．As we all know，failure is the mother of success.
正如我们所知，失败是成功之母。
15．You may find it very difficult to have enough time to have sports.
你可能会发现找到足够的时间去锻炼非常难。
16．It was when I arrived at the cinema that I realized I had left my ticket at home.
正是当我到达电影院之时，我才意识到我把票忘在家里了。
17．When do you suggest we hold a meeting to talk about the problem?
你建议我们什么时候举行会议谈论这个问题？
Ⅲ.知识运用于语境(共10小题；每题2分，满分20分)
Let’s Help Adolescents
Whether they are male or female，adolescents feel like deciding on everything themselves in spite of parents’ instruction, 18.especially(especial) when they face problems like sex，mental stress，etc., 19.which make them feel ashamed and embarrassed.Thus they often automatically get into trouble due to their 20.imperfect(perfect) comprehension and judgement.Some 21.are addicted(addict) to cigarettes，only several packets 22.of which will hurt their lungs and make them breathless quickly.Others can’t quit drinking alcohol，whose harmful effects include causing young pregnant women to abort or give birth to 23.abnormal(normal) babies.The worst is drug abuse，for the 24.withdrawal(withdraw) is tough once their bodies are accustomed to the drugs.Meanwhile，those who share needles bought from illegal chemists are at great risk of 25.being infected(infect) with desperate AIDS.If so，neither 26.injecting(inject) nor taking pills can guarantee their survival.
However，don’t be disappointed at or have prejudice against our children so easily.After all，being awkward is an appendix of youth.As long 27.as we strengthen communication with them instead of only banning this or banning that，we will surely help them avoid anything unfit.
核心素养拓展练
素养解读 《2017年普通高中课程标准》首次提出“学科核心素养”。英语学科核心素养由语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力构成。随之而来，以后英语考试将更加坚持能力立意，突出核心素养的考查。下面文段就是围绕“思维品质”这一学科素养展开，有助于学生养成批判性思维和解决复杂问题的能力。
主题：房子的设计影响人的食量 核心素养：思维品质
Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.
Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less selfconscious(难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn’t have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it’s time to repaint，go blue.
Don’t forget the clock—or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while you’re at it，actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.
Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12inch plate instead of a 10inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinny
glass.
语篇解读 这是一篇科普说明文。短文主要说明了人的食量与房子粉刷的颜色、灯光的明暗等有着密切的关系。它们对人的身材会产生一定的影响。
1．The text is especially helpful for those who care about .
A．their home comforts
B．their body shape
C．house buying
D．healthy diets
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。短文主要说明了饮食与室内光线、墙壁的颜色、餐具的尺寸及进餐的速度等有着密切的关系。显然这对于那些注重体形的人是有所帮助的。故答案为B。
2．A home environment in blue can help people .
A．digest food better
B．reduce food intake
C．burn more calories
D．regain their appetites
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句中的“...people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.”可知，蓝色的用餐环境有助于减少食物摄入量。因此B项正确。
3．What are people advised to do at mealtimes?
A．Eat quickly.
B．Play fast music.
C．Use smaller spoons.
D．Turn down the lights.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由第四段第二句可知，进餐快的人比进餐慢的人每顿饭多消耗70卡路里的热量，由此可知A项错误；由第四段倒数第二句中的“turn on relaxing music”可知B项不对；而由第二段首句中的“turn up the lights”可知D项也是错误的。根据最后一段倒数第二句“When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.”可知C项正确。
4．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Is Your House Making You Fat?
B．Ways of Serving Dinner
C．Effects of Selfconsciousness
D．Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。短文首句即为主题句：房子可能影响住户的身材。接下来从房子的颜色、室内灯光等方面说明了对饮食的影响。用A项作标题，既能总括全文，又能吸引读者。
Notes
Ⅰ.高频词汇
1．appetite n．胃口；食欲
2．appetizing adj.开胃的；促进食欲的
3．repaint vt.再次(重新)油漆
4．downsize vt.使缩小；使小型化
Ⅱ.长难句分析
People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.
分析：本句中第一个who引导的定语从句修饰先行词people，在定语从句中作主语；第二个who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those，those指代people。
翻译：吃饭慢的人每顿饭往往会比吃饭快的人少摄入大约70卡路里。
单元检测卷(三)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where will the woman go?
A．To a hotel.
B．To the man’s house.
C．To a supermarket.
2．What does the man mean?
A．The price tag of the tennis shoes is missing.
B．The woman should buy a pair of hiking shoes.
C．The tennis shoes are not so expensive as the woman thinks.
3．How does the man suggest the woman go to Bali?
A．By air. B．By ship. C．By train.
4．What does the man suggest the woman do?
A．Do some exercise.
B．Take a short shower.
C．Have a rest.
5．What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A．A robbery.
B．A newspaper.
C．A supermarket.
第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Where does the conversation probably take place?
A．At a hotel.
B．At the customs.
C．At a travel agency.
7．Why does the woman want to keep the man’s passport?
A．To follow the practice.
B．To record the details later.
C．To make a copy of it.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8．What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A．Brother and sister.
B．Teacher and student.
C．Father and daughter.
9．What is the woman’s attitude towards the man’s idea?
A．Interested.
B．Uncertain.
C．Opposed.
10．Where are the speakers?
A．In Austria.
B．In America.
C．In Australia.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11．What does the man think of the movie?
A．It’s amazing.
B．It’s disappointing.
C．It’s worth watching.
12．What made the woman confused about the movie?
A．The plot.
B．The scenery.
C．The special effects.
13．What do we know about the woman?
A．She likes going to the theatre.
B．She read a lot before watching the movie.
C．She is familiar with the characters of the movie.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14．What did the man think of working here before?
A．Boring.
B．Enjoyable.
C．Challenging.
15．How long is the lunch break now?
A．Two hours.
B．One hour.
C．Half an hour.
16．Why does the man still work here?
A．The salary is good.
B．There are more chances to travel.
C．There are more opportunities to learn new skills.
17．What do we know about the man?
A．He works more as a team now.
B．He has worked long in this company.
C．He often goes out with his colleagues after work.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18．What is the speaker talking about?
A．His hobbies.
B．The changes of his lifestyle.
C．His photos.
19．How many cigarettes did the speaker use to smoke a day?
A．About 2.
B．About 18.
C．About 20.
20．What helped the speaker calm down a lot?
A．Work. B．Marriage. C．Exercise.
答案 1.C 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.A 9．C 10.C 11.B 12.A 13.A 14.B 15.C 16.A 17．B 18.B 19.C 20.B
听力材料
Text 1
M：Was your house rented out? Would it be convenient to see the room now?
W：Could you come later? I’m going to the supermarket now.
Text 2
W：Look! How expensive the tennis shoes are!
M：I think you might be mistaken.The price tag is for the hiking shoes above.
Text 3
W：I want to go to Bali by ship.
M：Why? That’s crazy.A ship’s too slow.Fly.
W：A plane is too fast.I want to relax on a ship for a few days.
M：Well，have a nice slow ship.
Text 4
M：Ah! It feels great to get some exercise.
W：Ugh...I’m so tired.I’m going to take a long，hot shower.
M：Oh，well，try not to make it too long.We use too much water every day.We should save water.
Text 5
W：Is there any important information?
M：The supermarket at the corner of Fifth Avenue and Park Street was robbed this afternoon.
W：Oh，really? Is there any clue about it?
M：It’s reported that the robbery is related to one of their guards.
Text 6
W：Would you mind showing me your passport，please?
M：My passport?
W：Yeah，it’s usual practice in South Africa，sir，to record the passport numbers of guests.
M：Here you are.
W：Thank you.Would you like me to call your room when the passport is ready for collection?
M：What? You want to keep it?
W：It’s just to save time now，sir.I’m very busy now，you see.I can type the details into the computer later.Or do you mind waiting here now?
M：Yes，I certainly do.I’m tired after that flight and I need a shower and a rest.
W：I understand.Here is your key.You’re in Room 216.Enjoy your stay.
Text 7
M：You know，Evelyn，I’m thinking about doing a course in the United States.I think it’ll help my career.
W：Oh.Well，what’ll you do if Mum and Dad don’t like the idea?
M：Oh，it’s OK.I’ll persuade them.
W：Really? I don’t think Dad will like the idea.And what’ll you do if the course is really difficult?
M：Easy.I’ll get some help from my teachers and other students.
W：You seem very confident.What’ll you do if you don’t like the other students?
M：I’m sure I’ll find a nice American girl!
W：Oh，really! Steve，I don’t think this is a good idea，you know.There are lots of good courses here in Australia.
Text 8
W：Did you like the movie?
M：Mmm...to be frank，I didn’t think it was as good as the former ones，even though the scenery is brilliant.How about you?
W：I think the special effects were amazing.But I was a little bit confused，for the plot was too complicated for me.I tried hard to keep track of all the characters and figure out what was going on.
M：Did you read the books before watching the movie?
W：No.Did you?
M：Yes，I have read them all.I think it’s easier to follow for people who are already familiar with the characters.By the way，do you often go to the movies?
W：Yeah.I am a moviegoer and enjoy killing time in the theatre.
Text 9
M：Good morning! I’m Roy Carroll.
W：Hello，Roy.Have a seat.Well，you seem to have the longest service record—seventeen years!
M：That’s right.
W：Well，you’re obviously happy here!
M：I am，yes，although it used to be more fun.
W：Why’s that?
M：Well，it was more sociable.I used to go out more with my colleagues.When I first started here we had very long lunch breaks，sometimes for two hours.Now it’s only thirty minutes.And we all used the gym together.That doesn’t happen much now.
W：Did you use to work more as a team?
M：Yes，we did.We’re more on our own now.I also used to travel a lot more too.They’ve cut down on that.
W：Has anything changed for the better?
M：Yes，there are more opportunities to learn new skills.The money’s much better now.That’s why I’m still here!
Text 10
M：A lot of people don’t believe it when they see pictures of me when I was young，because I used to look really，really different.I used to have quite long hair and wear earrings.I used to play bass in a band.We made a few records and we’d go on tour quite a lot.I got to see the world a bit.I used to be a bit wilder than I am.I’ve really calmed down quite a lot，but when I was eighteen，I’d be out every night，clubbing，dancing，drinking，you know.I used to smoke around twenty a day，but I decided to stop it.It was difficult at the beginning.I tried to cut it down to eight a day.Then I finally stopped two years ago，and took up jogging instead! I think getting married has helped me calm down a lot too.I’m much happier now.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Christmas Light Festivals in the UK
Festival of Light，Longleat Safari Park，Wiltshire
Longleat is celebrating its 50th anniversary this year.Giant lanterns take the shape of some of the park’s animals，and there are also lots of characters in Beatrix Potter’s book，such as Peter Rabbit，Jemima Puddle Duck，Squirrel Nutkin，to mark the 150th anniversary of the author’s birth.There is also a 20metrehigh birthday cake.
•￡ 27.85，adult/￡ 20.65，child/underthrees，free.
•15 Dec.to 2 Jan.
Enchanted Park，Gateshead
Enchanted Park is an interactive walk through Saltwell Park，just south of the town centre，along a trail (小径) of light with performances and sculptures.The story being told is a Midwinter Night’s Tale，inspired by the 400th anniversary of William Shakespeare’s death.Visitors can join stories and songs with Santa，and attend decorating workshops.
•￡ 8，adult/￡ 2，child/underfours，free.
•11－27 Dec.
Christmas Glow，RHS Wisley，Surrey
The garden is glowing with giant lighted flowers.Some of the trees are brilliant，too.The glasshouse is decorated like a gingerbread house，and displays(陈列) seasonal plants.There are lanterns around the lake.The cafe serves hot chocolate and apple juice.
•￡9.90，adult/￡3.60，child.
•20 Dec.to 2 Jan.
Christmas at Kew Gardens，London
Kew is a special place to visit at any time of the day or year，but the festive light
show gives it a magical twist，as the milelong trail through the garden is decorated with 60,000 lights.Some of the garden’s oldest and tallest trees are also beautifully lit along the way.
•￡16，adult/￡10，child/￡48，family/ underfours free.
•24 Dec.to 2 Jan.
语篇解读 本文介绍了4个英国的圣诞灯节及其特色节目、游园时间和门票价格。
21．What can people do in Enchanted Park?
A．Visit Shakespeare’s house.
B．Listen to a wonderful tale.
C．Enjoy hot chocolate and apple juice.
D．Play the part of Santa.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由Enchanted Park，Gateshead中的第二、三句可知，在魔法公园，人们可以听到有趣的故事。故选B。
22．Which place will attract children fond of fictional animal characters?
A．Longleat Safari Park.
B．Enchanted Park.
C．RHS Wisley.
D．Kew Gardens.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。由Festival of Light，LongLeat Safari Park，Wiltshire中的第二句可知，龙利特野生动物公园可以吸引喜欢虚拟动物角色的孩子。故选A。
23．How much is the admission to Kew Gardens for Mr.Green and his 3yearold kid?
A．￡10. B．￡16.
C．￡26. D．￡48.
答案 B
解析 数字计算题。由Christmas at Kew Gardens，London中的“￡ 16，adult/￡ 10，child/￡ 48，family/underfours free.”可知，成年人门票16英镑，四岁以下儿童免费，所以16＋0＝16。故选B。
B
Health experts are calling for action to expand cancer care and control in the developing world.A medical research paper says cancer was once thought of as a problem mostly in the developed world.But now cancer is a leading cause of death and disability in poor countries as well.Experts from Harvard University and other organizations ask the international community to fight cancer positively，saying it should be fought in the way AIDS has been fought in Africa.
Cancer kills more than 7.5 million people a year worldwide.Almost twothirds are in lowincome and middleincome countries.
They discover cancer kills more people in developing countries than AIDS，tuberculosis(肺结核) and malaria(疟疾) combined.But the world spends only 5% of its cancer resources in those countries.
Felicia Knaul from Harvard Medical School was one of the authors of the paper.She was in Mexico when she was found to have breast(乳腺) cancer.She received treatment there and her experience showed her the sharp difference between the rich
and the poor in treating breast cancer.
Felicia Knaul says，“And we are seeing how this is attacking young women.It’s the number two cause of death in Mexico for women thirty to fiftyfour.All over the developing world，it’s the number one cancerrelated death among young women.I think we have to again say that there is much more we could do about it than we are doing about it.”
Professor Knaul met community health workers during her work in developing countries.They were an important part of efforts to reduce deaths from the cancer.They were able to persuade people to get tested to prevent the illness.The experts say cancer care does not have to be costly.For example，patients can be treated with lowercost drugs.
语篇解读 本文是关于“健康专家呼吁在发展中国家加强癌症关爱和控制”的话题。
24．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Cancer—a leading cause of death in poor countries.
B．What should we do in preventing and treating cancer?
C．What makes the first killer in developing countries?
D．Experts ask more efforts to fight cancer in poor countries.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。本文在第一段开头提出主题“Health experts are calling for action to expand cancer care and control in the developing world.”然后就这个问题展开叙述。故选D项。
25．Felicia Knaul’s experience in Mexico shows that .
A．many Mexican women suffer from breast cancer
B．there is not enough medicine for cancer there
C．many Mexican women can’t afford medical care
D．patients with breast cancer are treated differently
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“She received treatment there and her experience showed her the sharp difference between the rich and the poor in treating breast cancer.”可知，选D。
26．From what Felicia Knaul says，we can draw the conclusion that .
A．breast cancer is a great threat to young women
B．people don’t pay enough attention to breast cancer
C．breast cancer is the second killer among women in Mexico
D．good treatment for breast cancer has been gained in developing countries
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“All over the developing world，it’s the number one cancerrelated death among young women.”可知，选A。
27．Who plays an important part in preventing cancer in developing countries?
A．The cancer patients.
B．The health experts.
C．Community health workers.
D．Young women.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的前两句“Professor Knaul met community health workers during her work in developing countries.They were an important part of efforts to reduce deaths from the cancer.”可知，选C。
C
My first fulltime job after high school was selling vacation packages(旅行产品) via the telephone for a wellknown company.One day，I was put through to a man who sounded a bit out of breath.I started with my normal pitch(音高)，expecting to hear the normal reply—“I don’t want any.”
Instead，he spoke in a faint，weak voice and told me how he wished to take a vacation I was offering，but he couldn’t because he was dying of illness.He explained how he was lacking in oxygen then，and it took almost all his energy to answer the call.He asked if I smoked，which I did，and begged me to stop.He told me smoking was what was killing him.He told me to spend every day with my loved ones，and tell them how much I love them.At this point，I couldn’t control myself.We ended the call，but I held on my phone to prevent another call coming in so I could collect myself.
I wrote down his name and address，and sent him a card appreciating his advice and praying for him and his family.Shortly after，I received a letter from Frank，along with a picture of him and his wife.We continued to write back and forth over the next few months，and became very fond of each other.He was old enough to be my grandfather，and in many ways，I felt as if he was.
About a year later I received a letter from his wife.When I started to read，tears came to my eyes.She told me how Frank’s battle with the disease had finally come to an end，and he passed away shortly before the Christmas.She wanted to thank me for the letters to Frank，and explained how Frank touched many lives over the years.At his funeral，to show just that，they read the 1st letter I had written to Frank to show how he affected a 19yearold boy he’d never met.
语篇解读 作者在工作的时候，认识了弗兰克，他已经得了很重的病，但是弗兰克的话给作者很大的触动，作者和他一直联系，直到弗兰克去世。
28．The author was then probably working for .
A．a travel agency
B．a cigarette company
C．an eshopping store
D．a vacation school
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。从第一段第一句“My first fulltime job after high school was selling vacation packages(旅行产品) via the telephone for a wellknown company.”可知，作者那时可能是为旅行社工作。故选A。
29．The underlined part “collect myself” in the second paragraph probably means “ ”．
A．gather together
B．disappoint myself
C．cheer myself up
D．calm down
答案 D
解析 词义猜测题。从第二段中的“At this point，I couldn’t control myself.We ended the call，but I held on my phone to prevent another call coming in...”可知，在当时，作者无法控制自己，电话结束后，作者没有挂断电话是避免另一个电话打进来，这样可以让自己冷静下来，可知“collect myself”是“冷静下来”的意思。故选D。
30．What can we infer from the text?
A．Frank was in hospital while answering the phone.
B．Frank is actually the author’s grandfather.
C．There was something wrong with Frank’s lung.
D．The author asked Frank to travel and he took his advice.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。从第二段中的“He asked if I smoked，which I did，and begged me to stop.He told me smoking was what was killing him.”可以推断出弗兰克的肺出了问题。故选C。
31．We can learn from the text that the author .
A．took down Frank’s name and address to visit him in person
B．was warmly welcomed by his customers when he called them
C．didn’t stop smoking even though Frank asked him to
D．kept in touch with Frank through letters until he died
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。从第三段中的“We continued to write back and forth over the next few months...”及第四段中的“About a year later I received a letter from his wife.”可知，作者和弗兰克一直保持通信联系，直到弗兰克去世。故选D。
D
What do classrooms，computer desks，cafeterias(自助食堂)，and libraries have in common? That’s the places where students spend so much of their time.Although hours of studying burn mental energy，both your body and mind need physical exercise to function efficiently.
The importance of exercise is nothing new.Thomas Jefferson once wrote that to be successful in academic studies，a person should spend two hours on exercise every day，for health must not be sacrificed(牺牲) for learning.A strong body makes the mind strong.
It turns out Jefferson was on to something.A study by researchers at Tufts University found that students who said they exercised at least 3 days a week were more likely to report a better state of physical health and greater happiness than those who didn’t exercise.This and other evidence suggest that the real benefits of exercise may not come right after a workout but from a longer commitment to regular activity.
But experts today do not demand 2 hours of daily exercise.The U．S.Department of Health and Human Services recommends that people get at least 60 minutes of physical activity most days of the week.
Walking，jogging and swimming are easy ways to increase your heart rate and improve health.Exercise can also help lower blood pressure and reduce stress.For women，exercise that makes the body and bones bear weight—like walking or
running—may reduce the risk of osteoporosis(骨质疏松) later in life.
You’ll likely discover another benefit of exercise as well：greater selfconfidence.This may make it easier for you to participate in class and help you perform well in academic and social situations.
语篇解读 许多学生因为功课繁重而忽视了锻炼，其实这样做得不偿失，因为健康是学业成功的保证。
32．It can be inferred from the first paragraph that .
A．a lot of students like to read while eating
B．dining halls can also be used to do exercise
C．study and exercise burn the same amount of energy
D．many students don’t pay enough attention to exercise
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由第一段中的“That’s the places where students spend so much of their time.”可推知，许多学生不注重锻炼身体。
33．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Jefferson’s statement made sense.
B．Jefferson was very fond of exercise.
C．Jefferson was on the way to doing exercise.
D．Jefferson increased the importance of exercise.
答案 A
解析 句意理解题。下文给出的例子指出，研究表明一周至少锻炼三天的学生比不锻炼的学生身体素质更好也更快乐。由此可知，杰弗逊所说的话是“有一定的道理的”。
34．What can we infer from the text?
A．We must exercise at least two hours every day.
B．Those who like to exercise won’t suffer any illness.
C．We must exercise regularly if we want to enjoy the benefits.
D．Actually exercise can replace doctors in treating serious diseases.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。由第三段中的“...the real benefits of exercise may not come right after a workout but from a longer commitment to regular activity.”可推断出，要想享受到锻炼的益处必须有规律、持之以恒地锻炼，只有三分钟的热度是无济于事的。
35．What’s mainly talked about in the text?
A．The importance of exercise.
B．How to choose a suitable sport.
C．How to keep healthy by exercising.
D．The link between exercise and study.
答案 A
解析 主旨大意题。本文谈论的重点是锻炼的重要性。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Some people choose to live in a flat sharing with others.Others can’t imagine leaving their perfect flats to live with lots of other people.
If you live alone，you’re responsible for your own space.If you need your quiet space，you’re guaranteed to have it. 36 And you can catch up with work without being interrupted or have a long and undisturbed bath.
However，there’s no one around if you need a helping hand.If something gets broken，you’ll have to fix it yourself. 37 You don’t have friends at home to invite you out and help you meet people.There’s no one at home to have a cup of tea with and talk about how your day was.
38 Sometimes when you get home，the cake your colleague gave you as a thankyou present is mysteriously gone.Whenever you want a relaxing bath，there’s no hot water left and someone wants to come in every five minutes.It’s also rarely quiet.Someone always seems to have a birthday party when you want to go to bed early.
But in spite of all that，there can be some wonderful moments，like waking up to the sound of the hoover (吸尘器)． 39 And when you come home after a long day，you find your housemates making pizza with leftover vegetables while you watch a film. 40
So，what’s your choice?
A．You can be alone quite a lot.
B．That’s when it all seems worth it.
C．You don’t have to share the sofa with anyone.
D．Living alone has become more popular in recent years.
E．It’s not all good when you live with other people，though.
F．You will realize how important your friends and family are.
G．You will realize someone else is doing the cleaning for a change.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了独自生活以及与别人合住的优缺点。
36．答案 C
解析 本空承接上文，是对上一句“If you need your quiet space，you’re guaranteed to have it.”的举例：如果你需要安静的空间，你肯定会拥有它。你不需要和别人分享沙发。
37．答案 A
解析 本空后两句是对这一处内容的具体说明：你不会收到舍友的外出邀请，也没有人和你在家里边喝茶边聊天。由此可推知，本空是指你会经常感到孤独。
38．答案 E
解析 根据下文内容可知，本段谈论了和别人住在一起也并不总是那么美好。
39．答案 G
解析 本空承接上一句中提到的那些美妙时刻中的一种情况：在吸尘器的声音中醒来，你会意识到有人正在打扫房间。
40．答案 B
解析 本空是对最后一段内容的概括：这些美妙的时刻会使你感到做出和别人住在一起这个选择是值得的。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2018•黑龙江双鸭山一中高三上期末)
The long line of rush hour traffic wounded its way down the rainslick(湿滑的) street as I glanced nervously at my watch.5:30! Nothing had gone right all day.This traffic jam seemed the perfect ending to a(n) 41 day.
I sighed loudly， 42 there was no one to hear.Lately my life seemed 43 more than a neverending 44 of regular tasks.Surely there was more to living than this.I guess I was simply too tired to look for it.And then，looking 45 ，I saw him.
The lone(孤零零的) flagman was standing 46 the street， 47 directing four driving ways of traffic as they 48 into one.But there was something 49 about this flagman，and as my car 50 ，I realized what it was.Standing among dozens of impatient motorists，he was smiling and 51 at every driver that passed.
As I sat waiting my 52 in my warm car，I began to feel 53 .If this man，who did nothing all day but watch one car after another 54 ，could stand in the cold rain hour after boring hour and still have a friendly 55 for every single person who passed，what right did I have to 56 my life?
It was 57 my turn to pass the flagman.“Thank you，” I mouthed 58 the window.He smiled and nodded and I drove on，spirits lifted， 59 changed.And in the rear view mirror(后视镜) I could see him，raising his hand and 60 to every car that passed.
语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在一个下雨天，作者因交通堵塞而心烦气躁，开始抱怨生活的一成不变。在等着通过十字路口时，一位在雨中一直面带微笑、耐心指挥交通的交警让作者明白了一个道理——生活快乐与否是由自己的心态决定的。
41．A.horrible B．enjoyable C．interesting D．dangerous
答案 A
解析 horrible极坏的，糟糕的；enjoyable愉快的；interesting有趣的；dangerous危险的。根据上一句“Nothing had gone right all day.”可知，作者这一天过得都不顺利，故此处应该指糟糕的一天。故选A。
42．A.so B．although C．if D．when
答案 B
解析 so因此，属于并列连词；although尽管，虽然；if如果，是否，可以引导条件状语从句或名词性从句；when当……时，正在……时，引导时间状语从句。对比空格前后两分句“I sighed loudly”与“there was no one to hear”可知，前后两分句之间是转折让步关系。本句句意应为：我重重地叹了口气，尽管没有人会听。故选B项。
43．A.everything B．something
C．anything D．nothing
答案 D
解析 根据下一句“Surely there was more to living than this.”可知，本句作者是在强调自己现在的生活不过是简单的重复罢了。nothing more than等于nothing but，是固定短语，意为“只不过，仅仅”，符合句意。故选D。
44．A.discovery B．cycle
C．expectation D．sacrifice
答案 B
解析 discovery发现；cycle圆圈，环；expectation期待；sacrifice牺牲。根据空格前的修饰词“never ending”可知，此处作者强调自己的日常生活无限循环，一成不变。故选B。
45．A.right B．left
C．backward D．forward
答案 D
解析 根据最后一段第一句“It was my turn to pass the flagman.”和最后一句中“And in the rear view mirror(后视镜) I could see him”可知，作者此时应在朝前看，这样才能看见这位交警。故选D。
46．A.next to B．away from
C．in the middle of D．ahead of
答案 C
解析 next to贴近，紧靠……旁边；away from离开；远离；in the middle of在……中间；ahead of在……前。根据常识及第三段最后一句中的“Standing among dozens of impatient motorists”可知，这位交警应是站在路中央指挥交通。故选C。
47．A.patiently B．eagerly
C．wisely D．calmly
答案 A
解析 patiently耐心地；eagerly急切地；wisely明智地；calmly镇定地。根据第三段最后一句中的“Standing among dozens of impatient motorists，he was smiling”可知，这位交警很有耐心。故选A。
48．A.exchanged B．combined
C．crashed D．jumped
答案 B
解析 exchange交换；combine合并，组合；crash撞击；jump跳跃。根据句中的“four driving ways”与“into one”可知，本句指从四条车道上来的车流在此汇聚到一条车道上。故选B。
49．A.common B．wrong
C．unusual D．outstanding
答案 C
解析 common普通的；wrong错误的；unusual特别的，不寻常的；outstanding杰出的。根据下文可知，作者强调这位交警除了有耐心外，还有一些与众不同的地方。故选C。
50．A.started B．stopped
C．approached D．passed
答案 C
解析 start开始；stop停下来；approach靠近；pass通过。根据最后一段第一句
“It was my turn to pass the flagman.”可知，由于堵车，作者是缓缓靠近这位交警。故选C。
51．A.waving B．staring
C．aiming D．shouting
答案 A
解析 wave挥手；stare盯着看；aim瞄准；shout大喊。因为这位交警在指挥交通，所以根据常识可知，他向每位通过的车主微笑，并挥手示意前行。与最后一段最后一句中的“raising his hand”相照应。故选A。
52．A.order B．request C．turn D．fortune
答案 C
解析 order命令，秩序；request请求；turn轮流，转动，变换；fortune运气，财富。根据上文内容可知，这里车流汇集，交通拥挤。结合最后一段第一句中的“It was my turn”可知，此处作者应是等着轮到自己通过。wait one’s turn等着轮到某人。故选C。
53．A.annoyed B．delighted
C．disappointed D．ashamed
答案 D
解析 annoyed生气的；delighted高兴的；disappointed失望的；ashamed羞愧的。根据本段最后一句中的“what right did I have to my life”可知，与这位在雨中一直微笑着耐心指挥交通的交警相比，作者为自己的抱怨感到羞愧。故选D。
54．A.go up B．go by
C．get along D．get through
答案 B
解析 go up升起，上涨；go by经过，路过；get along前进，沿着……走；get through穿过，接通，用完。根据上一段中的“and at every driver that passed”及本句中的“for every single person who passed”可知，他在指挥这些车顺利通过路口。故选B。
55．A.glance B．gesture
C．move D．treat
答案 B
解析 glance一瞥；gesture手势；move移动；treat对待，款待。根据上一段中的“he was smiling and at every driver that passed”和最后一段中的“raising his hand”可知，他用一种友好的手势指挥每一个人通过路口。故选B。
56．A.complain about B．burst into
C．look down upon D．set aside
答案 A
解析 complain about抱怨……；burst into爆发；look down upon看不起；set aside搁置。根据第一段和第二段内容可知，作者抱怨自己那天过得很糟糕，而且最近生活也是一成不变。但与这位交警相比后，作者发现自己其实是没理由抱怨的。故选A。
57．A.certainly B．luckily
C．merely D．finally
答案 D
解析 certainly一定；luckily幸运地；merely仅仅；finally最后，终于。根据上一段首句中的“As I sat waiting my in my warm car”可知，本句指终于轮到作者通过路口了。故选D。
58．A.from B．through C．off D．in
答案 B
解析 from从……；through通过，穿过；off离开；in在……里。根据空格后“the window”可知，因为作者坐在车里，所以此处应指作者透过车窗跟这位交警说了一声“谢谢”。故选B。
59．A.anxiety B．attitude
C．experience D．doubt
答案 B
解析 anxiety焦虑；attitude态度；experience经验，经历；doubt怀疑。根据空格前“spirits lifted”可知，受这位交警积极的生活态度的影响，作者的情绪好转了，对生活的态度也改变了，不再抱怨了。故选B。
60．A.talking B．explaining
C．greeting D．whispering
答案 C
解析 talk交谈；explain解释；greet迎接，打招呼；whisper耳语。根据上一段最后一句中的“and still have a friendly for every single person who passed”可知，此处指作者从后视镜看到这位交警正举着手问候每辆经过的汽车。故选C。
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A university professor and his elderly mother have become social media stars in China.Prof Hu has been bringing his 80yearold mother， 61 has Alzheimer’s，to his classes.Freshmen at the university at first assumed that she was a 62 (retire) professor sitting in his classes before 63 (realise) it was Prof Hu’s mother.She is very quiet during his classes and the students have come to accept her with 64 (warm)．
It is reported that Prof Hu’s father died in 2011，and although he has 65 (young) sisters，he has taken on the responsibility of looking after his mother，because her brain disease means that he is the only one she recognises.He said that her symptoms were now so severe 66 “when she is holding a soft drink，sugar，salt，or washing powder，she cannot tell the difference between them”．
Weibo users have praised Prof Hu 67 a filial son(孝子)，as well as a good educator—not just in economics，but in life.
Respect towards parents，elders and ancestors 68 (consider) a key value in Chinese society and culture.The concept 69 (go) back to 400BC and is a core virtue of Confucianism(儒家)，described in the early 70 (work) of China’s bestknown scholar.
语篇解读 一位大学教授和他年迈的母亲在中国社交媒体已经成为明星。本文叙述的是这位教授(胡教授)是一个孝子，一直照顾着已经八十岁患老年痴呆症的母亲，这充分体现出中国的传统美德——孝道。
61．答案 who
解析 句意为：胡教授一直带着他的母亲，她得了老年痴呆症。此空后是谓语动词，空前是逗号，没有主语，所以后半句应该是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是mother，故答案为who。
62．答案 retired
解析 由语境知，此处指新生以为他母亲是一名退休的教授。retired退休的，此处是形容词修饰名词，故答案为retired。
63．答案 realizing/realising
解析 此处指在意识到那是胡教授的母亲以前。before是介词，后面用动名词形式，故答案为realizing/realising。
64．答案 warmth
解析 此处with为介词，后跟名词，其作用相当于一个副词。with warmth＝warmly热情地。故用名词warmth。
65．答案 younger
解析 此处指尽管他有妹妹们，他却承担了照顾母亲的责任。younger sisters妹妹们，故答案为younger。
66．答案 that
解析 句意为：他说现在她的症状非常严重以至于当她拿着饮料、糖、盐或洗衣粉时她不能区分开来。此处是so...that...引导的结果状语从句，故答案为that。
67．答案 as
解析 praise sb.as...称赞某人为……，故答案为as。
68．答案 is considered
解析 句意为：对父母、长辈和祖先的尊重被认为是中国社会和文化的关键所在。根据句意可知句子用一般现在时的被动语态，句子的主语是respect，为不可数名词，故答案为is considered。
69．答案 goes
解析 根据and后的is可知，空处应用一般现在时态；The concept是句子主语，单数第三人称形式，故答案为goes。
70．答案 works
解析 句意为：这种思想追溯到公元前400年，儒家思想的核心美德，它被描述在中国知名学者的早期作品中。works作品，故答案为works。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My favorite sport is playing basketball.In the middle school，I joined the school basketball team.All the teammate practised hard after school.Once our school had match against another school.At the very beginning，we were so nervous which we
couldn’t cooperate very good，because it was the first time for us to compete for the honor of our school.In the half match they fell behind.Our leader calls us together and said that we must get uniting to beat them.Then we tried our best and won the game on last.Play basketball makes me to realize the importance of union and team work.
答案
My favorite sport is playing basketball.In the middle school，I joined the school basketball team.All the teammateteammates practised hard after school.Once our school had ∧a match against another school.At the very beginning，we were so nervous whichthat we couldn’t cooperate very goodwell，because it was the first time for us to compete for the honor of our school.In the half match theywe fell behind.Our leader callscalled us together and said that we must get unitingunited to beat them.Then we tried our best and won the game onat last.PlayPlaying basketball makes me to realize the importance of union and team work.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假如你是张明，准备参加最近你们学校开展的主题为“A Healthy Lifestyle”的英语演讲比赛。请你根据以下提示写一篇演讲稿，要点如下：
1．乐观的人生态度；
2．努力学习；
3．参加体育锻炼。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．标题及开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
A Healthy Lifestyle
Hello everyone！I’m Zhang Ming and I’m very honoured to stand here to give you a speech.
参考范文
A Healthy Lifestyle
Hello everyone！I’m Zhang Ming and I’m very honoured to stand here to give you a speech.
We hope we will grow up happily and healthily，and for this goal we must do several things.
To begin with，we should develop a positive attitude towards life.Life consists of not only sunshine but also hard times.We should be brave in front of difficulties.Moreover，we must study hard because knowledge is power.If we have the power，we can help to build our country and enjoy our life better.In order to study well，we need to do sports so that we can keep fit.We can go running，play ball games or simply take a walk after a day’s study.In short，I’m convinced that if we do those things well，we will be able to grow up happily and healthily.
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