2018届一轮复习选修八译林牛津版Unit1Thewrittenworld学案(3) 6页

U1重点词汇讲解 ‎1. vain adj. 自负的；自视过高的 e.g. He was vain about his looks, spending hours in the gym.‎ 他对自己的外表很自负，在健身房里一呆就是好几个小时。‎ adj. 不成功的；无用的；徒劳的 e.g. They made a vain attempt to protect the town from attack. ‎ 他们企图保护这个镇不受攻击，结果没有成功。‎ ‎ in vain没有成功；徒劳 ‎ e.g. We walked a couple of blocks, looking in vain for a cab. ‎ 我们走了两三个街区寻找出租车，但没找到。 ‎ ‎2. wisdom n. 智慧；学识；明智 e.g. One can not have wisdom without living life. ‎ 一个人不经历生活不可能有智慧。‎ In those homely sayings was couched the collective wisdom of generations.‎ 在那些朴实的谚语中蕴含着几代人集体智慧的结晶。‎ wise adj. 聪明的，英明的，明智的 ‎ ‎3. abuse v. 虐待；凌辱 e.g. Prisoners reported being regularly abused by their guards. ‎ 囚犯们举报说他们遭到了看守经常性的虐待。‎ v. 滥用；妄用 e.g. They were accused of abusing their power to keep prices artificially high. ‎ 他们被控滥用权力，人为地太高物价。‎ v. 辱骂 e.g. He was fined $ 10,000 for verbally abusing the judge. ‎ 他因恶言辱骂裁判被罚款10,000美元。‎ ‎4. adaptation n. 适应， 改编， 改写本；适应 e.g. The play is an adaptation of a short novel. 这部戏剧是一部短篇小说的改编本。‎ ‎ I bought my son an adaptation for children of a play by Shakespeare. ‎ 我给我儿子买了为儿童改编的莎士比亚剧本。‎ adapt vt. 使适应，改编 ‎ adopt vt. 采用，收养 adapted themselves to city life 使他们适应城市生活 adopt a new technique 采用新技术 ‎5. twist vt. 使转弯，使扭曲，曲解，歪曲 ‎ vi. 扭弯，扭曲，缠绕，扭动，呈螺旋形 e.g. String is made of threads twisted together. 绳子是由卷捻在一起做成的。‎ The path twisted up the hill. 这条小路盘绕在小山上。‎ to twist the handle 转动把手 Twist the lid to open it. 拧这盖儿打开它。‎ n. 转弯，弯曲，曲折路 ‎ a twist of fate命运的扭转 ‎ a story with a quirky twist 跌宕起伏的故事 twist of the wrist 巧妙的手法 twist off 扭断；扭[拧]开 twist up 把……卷成螺旋形；扭弯；歪曲 twists and turns 迂回曲折之处；各个角落；精微处 ‎6. fortune n. 财富，运气，大量财产，好运，命运 ‎ e.g. She had the good fortune to be free from illness. 她运气好，没得病。‎ Through all his changing fortunes, he never lost courage. 任凭命运变换，他从不丧失勇气。‎ It is also believed that it will bring good fortune in the coming year. ‎ 而且，据说放鞭炮还能为人们在新的一年里带来好运气。‎ Fortune smiled on him. 他万事如意。‎ make a fortune / make one’s fortune 发财致富 ‎ seek one’s fortune 找出路 try one’s fortune 碰运气 ‎7. desperate adj. 绝望的 ‎ e.g. The missing man’s family are getting increasingly desperate. . 失踪者的家人越来越绝望。‎ adj. 孤注一掷的 e.g. In a desperate attempt to escape, he killed the guard. ‎ 他孤注一掷想逃走，便杀死了警卫。‎ ‎ adj. 极需要的；及向往的 ‎ desperate for ‎ e.g. They were sold by families desperate for money to buy food. ‎ 它们是由极需要钱来购买食品的家庭出售的。‎ ‎ be desperate to do sth.‎ ‎ e.g. He was desperate to see her again. 他非常想再见到她。‎ ‎ adj. 非常严重的 e.g. Parts of this school are in desperate need of repair. 这所学校的一些地方急需维修。‎ desperately adv. 绝望地；拼命地；非常；很 ‎8. civil adj. 有教养的，文明的，公民的，国内的 ‎ e.g. Be civil to the headmaster. 对校长要礼貌些。‎ Keep a civil tongue in your head! Don’t speak rudely! 说话要文明有礼!‎ ‎ be civil to 对……有礼貌 say sth. civil说奉承［恭维］话 ‎9. bent adj. 决意的，极想的，下决心……的 e.g. be bent on 一心想要，决心要；专心致志于 He was bent on making them happy. 他决心要让他们开心。‎ All eyes were bent on me. 大家都把目光投向我。‎ bend v. 弯曲，屈服 动词过去式：bent；过去分词：bent；现在分词：bending；第三人称单数：bends e.g. It is possible to bend nature to human will? 有可能让大自然服从人类的意志吗?‎ She bent (over) to pick up a book from the floor. 她弯腰从地板上捡起一本书。‎ ‎10. fancy adj. 华而不实的，花哨的，高档的，极好的 a fancy hat精美的帽子 e.g. paid a fancy price for the car. 以过高的价格买下一辆汽车。‎ I hate the fancy education especially in our school. 我讨厌华而不实的教育，尤其在我们学校。‎ ‎11. reform n. 改革， 改善 e.g. The reform and open policy has brought us Chinese people a rich and colourful life. 改革开放的政策给我们中国人民带来了富裕和多彩的生活。‎ vt. 改革， 革新， 重新组成 vi.革新， 改过， 重组 to reform criminals 改造罪犯 to reform society 改革社会 ‎12. pressure n. 压，压力，电压，压迫，强制，紧迫 ‎ e.g. Do not put much pressure on the handle, it may break. 不要在把柄上太用力了，它会坏的。‎ ‎ He works well under pressure. 他在有压力的情况下工作很出色。‎ ‎ put pressure on sb. 对……施加压力= pressure ‎ under the pressure of 在……压力下 ‎ at high pressure 紧张的，用力的 ‎ work at high pressure紧张工作 ‎13. threat n. 恐吓，凶兆，威胁 ‎ e.g. The threat of war has depressed business activity. 战争的危胁使商业变得不景气。‎ He took no notice of his father’s threat. 他不理会他父亲的恐吓。‎ threaten vt. 恐吓，威胁 threatened threatening ‎14. resist vt. 抵抗，反抗，抗，忍得住 ‎ e.g. She could hardly resist laughing. 她真忍不住要笑。‎ I was unable to resist laughing. 我忍不住笑了。‎ resist aggression 抵抗侵略 ‎ resist temptation不受引诱 the power to resist disease 抗拒疾病的能力 ‎ resistance n. 反抗，抵抗，抵抗力 ‎ make some [no] resistance 进行[不]抵抗 ‎15. kick v. 踢 ‎ ‎ e.g. Don’t kick the ball into the road. 不要把球踢到马路上。‎ The baby was lying on its back, kicking its legs in the air. 婴儿平躺着，两腿向空中踢。‎ ‎ n. 踢 ‎ e.g. If the door won’t open, give it a kick. 如果门开不开的话，就踢它一脚。‎ ‎16. spin v. 旋转， 纺， 纺纱 e.g. The wheels of the car were spinning. 小汽车的轮子飞速旋转。‎ ‎ The heavy blow sent the enemy spinning to the ground. 猛烈的一击打得敌人昏头转向，倒在地上。‎ spin sb. round 使某人很快转身 ‎17. mistaken adj. 犯错的， 错误的 e.g. If you thought he intended to be impolite, you were mistaken. ‎ 如果你认为他是故意粗鲁无礼，那你就误会了。‎ ‎ You are mistaken about him. 你错看了他了。(你误会他了。)‎ ‎18. reputation n. 名声 ‎ a man of good/high reputation 很有声望的人 has/earn a reputation for 以……出名 ‎ e.g. He did not have a good reputation in his hometown. 他在家乡的名声不好。‎ ‎19. debt n.债务， 罪过 e.g. If I pay all my debts I shall have no money left. ‎ 如果我偿清了所有的债，我就一分钱不剩了。‎ ‎ Debts of blood must be paid in blood. 血债要用血来偿。‎ in debt欠债 ‎ owe a debt欠债 ‎ pay one’s debts偿付债款 pay off debts 还清欠债 ‎ debt of gratitude 恩情 ‎20. mourn v. 哀悼， 忧伤， 服丧 ‎ e.g. She mourned for her dead child. 她哀悼她那死去的孩子。 ‎ ‎ mourn for [over] the dead 哀悼 死者 ‎21. intend v. 打算；想要 intend to do sth. ‎ e.g. What do you intend to do about this? 你打算对这个怎么办？‎ be intended for … 打算供……之用；是为……而准备的 e.g. The posts are intended for students who have recently completed a first degree in biology.‎ ‎ 这些职位是为那些最近完成了生物学第一学位的学生准备的。‎ 练习：‎ 一、根据单词的首字母或汉语意思填空。‎ ‎1. Many people were g_______ enough to donate enough money to the people in the disaster regions.‎ ‎2. The play is an a_________ of a short novel.‎ ‎3. Ann’s uncle died suddenly, leaving all his f______ to her.‎ ‎4. He was v_____ about his looks, spending hours in the gym.‎ ‎5. Prisoners reported being regularly a______ by their guards. ‎ ‎6. Keep a c_________ tongue in your head! Don’t speak rudely. ‎ ‎7. The _____ (曲折) in the plot is always the attraction to literature lovers.‎ ‎8. Parts of this school are in d__________ need of repair.‎ ‎9. John is b_______ on getting the first place in the following race.‎ ‎10. The a______ chair was made in 1628.‎ ‎11. Better be envied than p______ (怜悯).‎ ‎12. This is a new kind of glassware that r_____ heat.‎ ‎13. He became famous nationwide o_____________.‎ ‎14. The crew of the tanker were r______ just minutes before it sank in heavy seas. ‎ ‎15. Mother Teresa, who won the Nobel Prize, has earned her r__________ for kind help to the poor people in India.‎ ‎16. The posts are i_________ for students who have recently completed a first degree in biology.‎ 二、选词填空。‎ let out far from free from would rather … than be lost to be bent on gather dust on the shelf come out be adapted from live up to ‎ ‎1. My guitar has just been ______________ since I injured my hand.‎ ‎2. Many films ________________ classic works.‎ ‎3. A lot of new books _________ every day. ‎ ‎4. By the death of Ba Jin, one of China’s greatest writers ____________ the world.‎ ‎5. This is a secret. Who has ______ it _______?‎ ‎6. The breathtakingly beautiful scenery certainly ______________ expectations.‎ ‎7. This maths problem is________ easy. In fact, it is difficult.‎ ‎8. He _________winning at all costs.‎ ‎9. When her son returned, she was ________ anxiety.‎ ‎10. I _______ play tennis ______ watch TV.‎ 三、单项选择。‎ ‎1. First, it is important to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make you different from . (2005 湖北)‎ A. everyone else B. the other C. someone else D. the rest ‎2. －I hear they aren’t pleased with the house you’ve chosen for them.‎ ‎－Well, _______ could they live in such comfort? (2003北京春)‎ A. where else B. what else C. how D. why ‎3. If this dictionary is not yours, __________ can it be? (2001全国春)‎ A. what else B. who else C. which else’s D. who else’s ‎4. —Victor certainly cares too much about himself.‎ ‎—Yes. He’s never interested in what ______ is doing. (2005 重庆)‎ A. no one else B. anyone else C. someone else D. nobody else ‎5. I don’t think we’ve met before. You’re taking me for ______. (2005 安徽)‎ A. some other B. someone else C. other person D. one other ‎6. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will________. (2004 江苏)‎ ‎ A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else ‎7. To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train _____ travel by air. (2004 全国)‎ A. as B. to C. than D. while ‎8. —Have you got used to your school life here?‎ ‎—Yes, but I don’t like ________ when we have to do exercises on cold winter mornings.‎ A. That B. it C. those D. this ‎ ‎9. A monument ______ the great poet was erected in St Paul’s Cathedral.‎ ‎ A. to B. of C. for D. about ‎10. Sean’s strong love for his country is ______ in his recently published poems.‎ ‎ A. relieved B. reflected C. responded D. recovered ‎11. It has been revealed that some government leaders ______ their authority and position to get illegal profits for themselves. ‎ A. employ B. take C. abuse D. overlook ‎12. We don’t want to ______ pressure you to make a decision, but we haven’t much time left.‎ ‎ A. put; to B. place; on C. put; on D. place; to ‎ ‎13. The soldiers resisted ______.‎ ‎ A. being carried off by diseases B. to be carried off by diseases ‎ C. to carry off by diseases D. carrying off by diseases ‎14. The sort of music he listens to varies, but ______ popular music.‎ ‎ A. tended to B. tends towards C. tended at D. tends at ‎15. He is ______ learning English well.‎ ‎ A. bent to B. bent on C. bending to D. bending on ‎16. I’m badly ______, for there is no one that can be relied on.‎ ‎ A. let down B. let on C. let out D. let off ‎17. I’m sure you’d rather she went to school by bus, ______?‎ ‎ A. hadn’t you B. wouldn’t you C. aren’t I D. didn’t she ‎18. We should have ______ him, because he had his money stolen.‎ ‎ A. pity for B. pity on C. a pity on D. the pity with ‎19. The fortune ______ him ______ from financial worries.‎ ‎ A. set; out B. set; free C. give; out D. give; away ‎20. The young man is ______ becoming a lawyer and winning her love.‎ ‎ A. bent with B. bending on C. bent on D. bending to ‎21. Will this new wall ______ the force of the sea? ‎ ‎ A. enforce B. resist C. reserve D. defend ‎22. Liu Hulan would rather ______ than ______.‎ ‎ A. to die; give in B. die; giving up C. die; give in D. to die; giving up ‎23. Janet ______ get angry if you disagree with her.‎ ‎ A. is willing to B. gets towards C. tends to D. leads to ‎24. The girl ______ her hair ______ her figures to make it curl.‎ ‎ A. tied; around B. twisted; around C. tied; to D. twisted; to ‎25. “Green Olympics, High-tech Olympics, People’s Olympics” are the ______ for the 2008 Summer Olympic Games. ‎ ‎ A. titles B. themes C. slogans D. standards 参考答案：‎ 一、‎ ‎1. generous 2. adaptation 3. fortune 4. vain 5. abused 6. civil ‎ ‎7. twist 8. desperate 9. bent 10. antique. 11. pitied 12. resists ‎13. overnight 14. rescued 15. reputation 16. intended ‎ 二、‎ ‎1. gathering dust on the shelf 2. are adapted from 3. come out 4. is lost to 5. let out 6.lived up to 7. far from 8. is bent on 9. free from 10. would rather … than ‎ 三、‎ ‎1-5 AADBB 6-10 BCBAB 11-15 CCABB ‎ ‎16-20 ABB BC 21-25 BCCBB ‎