高考英语一轮复习板块4至关重要的句式--并列句三大从句和特殊句式第4讲特殊句式教学案牛津译林版 2 6页

第4讲　特殊句式 ‎ [全国卷考情分析]‎ 题型 典题试做 命题解读 语 法 填 空 ‎1.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)China's approach to protecting its environment while feeding_ (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)It could be anything—gardening，cooking，music，sports—but whatever it is，make(make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.‎ 强调句是高考的难点，倒装句是高考的热点。此外，状语从句中的省略、祈使句和there be句型的各种时态的应用也是高考考查的重点项目。‎ 考点一 倒装句(高考不作要求，只作了解)‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·四川部分名校联测)At the top of the hill________ (lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.‎ lies　[当介词短语置于句首时，句子应用完全倒装，去除修饰部分which has a wonderful view of the whole city后，还原成正常语序为：An old cottage________(lie) at the top of the hill.。句意：山顶上坐落着一间能一览全城美景的古老小屋。结合定语从句的时态可以判断，此处应用一般现在时，故填lies。]‎ ‎2．(2019·崇州模拟)Hardly ________ she gone out when a student came to visit her.‎ had　[此题考查hardly...when句式，该句式主句应用过去完成时。]‎ ‎1．完全倒装 表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语here，there，now，then，up，down，away，off，in，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首，且主语为名词时。‎ At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies Chongqing，one of the ten largest cities in China.‎ 在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处，坐落着中国十大城市之一的重庆。‎ 6‎ ‎2．部分倒装 ‎(1)否定副词(never，neither，nor，hardly，little，seldom，rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(at no time，by no means，on no condition，in no case等)置于句首时。‎ ‎(2)only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时。‎ ‎(3)so/neither＋ 助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语 意为“……也是如此/也不……”。‎ ‎(4)在not only...but (also)．..句型中，若not only置于句首时，需将not only所在的句子部分倒装。‎ ‎(5)not until...置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。‎ ‎(6)so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的成分置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。‎ Not until recently did they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。‎ Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.‎ 他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才做出决定。‎ 考点二 强调句(高考不作要求，只作了解)‎ 单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·湖北襄阳四校联考)Although it was ten years ago ________ I read the book, it shows me a universal truth that books are friends，always pushing us to move on.‎ that　[分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型，强调时间状语，故填that。]‎ ‎2．(2019·湖北荆门调研)It wasn't until in high school ________ I began to trust other people again.‎ that　[句意：直到上了高中我才开始再次信任别人。本句考查强调句型“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分”，且强调时间状语，故填that。]‎ ‎3．(2019·江西樟树中学等六校联考)In that way，World Read Aloud Day ________ (do) help make a difference.‎ does　[句意：通过那种方式，世界大声读书日的确帮助产生了影响。本句主语为World Read Aloud Day，设空处后的谓语动词是动词原形help，根据提示词do可知本题考查强调。do/does/did放在实义动词前表示强调。因主语为第三人称单数，故填does。]‎ ‎1．陈述句式：It is/was...that/who...(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)‎ 6‎ 一般疑问句：Is/Was ＋it＋...that/who...?‎ 特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋ it＋ that...?‎ It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.‎ 正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。‎ Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?‎ 他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？‎ ‎2．“not...until...”的强调句：It is/was not until...that...(注意时态)‎ ‎(湖南高考)It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.‎ 直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。‎ ‎[易错提醒]　强调谓语动词，用do/does/did＋动词原形。该结构只用于肯定句，并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。‎ 考点三 其他常考特殊句式 单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·山东菏泽一模)As is known to us all, some students have breakfast regularly while others don't. There ________(be) several reasons.‎ are　[句意：众所周知，一些学生有规律地吃早餐而其他学生并非如此。这有几个原因。there be句型中，be要和后面的主语保持一致，本句中several reasons为复数形式，故填are。]‎ ‎2．(2019·山西重点中学协作体一模)When ________(take) exams, we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased.‎ taking　[句意：当我们参加考试时，为了取得好成绩来使我们的父母和老师高兴，我们有时会作弊。本题考查省略。将句子补全后为：When we are taking exams，we sometimes cheat in order to get good results to make our parents and teachers pleased.时间状语从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可将从句主语和be动词去掉，故填taking。]‎ ‎3．(2019·河北衡水中学第三次调研)Once upon a time, ________ was a boy whose parents named him Odd.‎ there　[句意：从前有一个男孩儿，他的父母给他取名叫Odd。本题考查“there be”句型，意为：有……。]‎ 一、省略 ‎1．状语从句的省略 6‎ 当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。‎ Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.金属加热时就膨胀，冷却时就收缩。‎ ‎2．不定式的省略 ‎(1)在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect，hope，intend，mean，try，want，wish等词后。‎ Firstly，people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don't want to.‎ 首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。‎ ‎(2)but用作介词，意为“除……之外”时，前面有实义动词do，后接不定式时，要省略to；但前面没有实义动词do时，后接的不定式不省略 to。‎ If he takes on this work，he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.‎ 如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。‎ ‎3．特殊的省略结构：if省略结构 if so如果这样的话 if not如果不是这样的话 if ever如果曾经有的话 if necessary如果有必要的话 if possible如果可能的话 if any如果有的话 二、感叹句 ‎1．what引导的感叹句 ‎(1)What＋a/an＋(adj.)＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ ‎ ‎(2)What＋(adj.)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！‎ ‎2．how引导的感叹句 ‎(1)How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！‎ ‎(2)How＋adj.＋a/an＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！‎ ‎(3)How＋主语＋谓语！‎ What a strange plant(＝How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before.‎ 这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。‎ 6‎ The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。‎ 三、祈使句 祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。‎ ‎(1)祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you(常省略)。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don't，也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。‎ Do your homework before you watch TV.‎ 看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。‎ ‎(2)祈使句表示假设的情况。‎ ‎①祈使句＋and/or＋简单句 ‎②名词词组(多含有more，another)＋and＋简单句 Call me tomorrow and I'll let you know the result.‎ 明天给我打电话，我会让你知道结果的。‎ Start out right away，or we'll miss the first train.‎ 立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班车。‎ 四、there be句型 ‎(1)there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且be有时可用 live，remain，stand，lie，exist，seem to be，appear to be，happen to be，used to be等替换。‎ There have been many great changes in our country since then.自从那时起我国发生了很大的变化。‎ Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。‎ ‎(2)there be句型的常考句型：‎ There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义 There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……‎ There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事 There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事(没)有困难 There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能性 ‎【技法点拨】‎ 在做语法填空题时：‎ ‎1．注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式；‎ ‎2．根据特殊句式的结构特点，填入适当的词。‎ 6‎ 6‎