【英语】2018-2019学年高一英语牛津译林版必修四同步练习：Unit3Tomorrow’sworld-提升卷 15页

Unit 3 Tomorrow’s world-提升卷 1、 Modern day robots may not be as entertaining as R2D2 or the robot from Lost in Space, but robots are very important to space exploration and are being used in a variety of different ways for several important reasons. Robots make great explorers on planets, moons, and other landing areas. Aside from the earth, just about every surface in the solar system is unsafe for humans to explore. The air on most other planets is insufficient for humans to breathe, making it necessary to wear a space suit and oxygen equipment. The temperatures on these surfaces are much too hot or much too cold for any humans to withstand. Plus there would be complications with radiation, weather, and a lack of gravity. Robots have much less limitation in these areas and can survive much longer under these conditions. Robots are designed for collecting scientific data. Robots are also able to perform many tasks at one time and can process information much quicker and more efficiently. Important scientific projects from detecting minerals, analyzing ground samples, and finding water are all performed much quicker and accurately by robots. The use of robots has made the cost of space exploration much less expensive than it would cost for humans to do the work. In order to successfully send humans into space we would need to build a vehicle that can not only carry humans, but also enough food and water to keep them alive for the duration of the trip. Moreover, robots have no problems working for hours on end. Robots never complain, they don’t require food or water, and they never need a bathroom break. Over the past 30 years or so there have been many different types of robots used successfully in the exploration of space. Perhaps the most famous and successful robots are Spirit and Opportunity who have both been exploring the surface of Mars. They have both been very successful with experiments on soil and rocks and have even found evidence of water in Mars’ history. 1.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A.The Development of Robots B.The Discovery of Space Exploration C.No Robots, No Space Exploration D.Robots Are Used in Space Exploration 2.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A.The use of robots in space exploration costs more than the use of humans. B.It is dangerous for humans to explore other surfaces in the solar system except the earth. C.Both Spirit and Opportunity have found the evidence of water on Mars. D.Many different types of robots have explored the space successfully. 3.The underlined word “withstand” most probably means “______” A.remain B.bear C.defeat D.develop 4.What is the writer's attitude in this passage? A.Negative(消极的) B.Critical(批判性的) C.Subjective(主观的) D.Objective(客观的) 2、Preparing Cities for Robot Cars The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from materializing in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated. While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared. Do we want to copy — or even worsen — the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(叫车) services. A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与 维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology. Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it. 1.According to the author, attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __________. A.help deal with transportation-related problems B.provide better services to customers C.cause damage to our environment D.make some people lose jobs 2.As for driverless cars, what is the author’s major concern? A.Safety. B.Side effects. C.Affordability. D.Management. 3.What does the underlined word "fielded" in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A.Employed. B.Replaced. C.Shared. D.Reduced. 4.What is the author’s attitude to the future of self-driving cars? A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Disapproving. D.Sympathetic. 3、 Businesses are finding more uses for Virtual Reality (VR) as the technology develops. VR is no longer only for gaming or enjoyment. An American company called Blue Goji is using VR to improve one’s health by making exercise more fun. Blue Goji has offices in Austin, the capital of Texas. The company showed its cardiovascular (心血管的) workout machine, called the Infinity treadmill (跑步机), at the recent South by Southwest festival, an event held every year in Austin. A person using the treadmill wears a virtual reality headset when exercising. Before starting, the user tightens a belt to prevent falls. Then, the user plays a VR game while running on the machine. The game can transport the user into the virtual world, where he or she can be racing against virtual people. Recently, Leonardo Mattiazzi tested the Infinity treadmill. Mattiazzi said he had a strong feeling to actually get running and do something that pushed his limits. He said the experience was more interesting than running inside the gym without actually going anywhere. Constam said the active use of virtual reality helps solve a common problem while wearing a VR headset. She noted that a lot of VR experiences cause motion sickness because people are in motion during the game, but not moving in real life. But when the user is moving on the treadmill and in the game, the chances of motion sickness are reduced. However, users who tested the treadmill while wearing the VR headset each had a different experience. Constam said there generally is a learning curve for VR. The first time users feel lost, but “the more you do it, the more you get used to it,” she said. Mark Sackler was a first time user. He said he felt a little sick at one point during the game. But he thought the experience was surprisingly realistic. After carefully studying the users’ experiences, Blue Goji plans to make the treadmill available to the public in 2019. 1.A VR user’s security is ensured by connecting one to ________. A.the headset B.the belt C.the treadmill D.the machine 2.What is the uniqueness of the virtual reality treadmill? A.It helps improve people's health. B.It makes exercise far more interesting. C.It cures people of motion sickness. D.It transports users into the virtual world. 3.What is Mark Sackler’s attitude towards marketing the Infinity treadmill? A.Supportive. B.Doubtful. C.Unconcerned. D.Objective. 4、Virtual reality(虚拟现实) has the ability to take young patients from their hospital beds to far-away worlds, under the sea or on a plane, so where do they want to go? “The young kids at The Alfred Hospital told us they just want to be ‘anywhere but here’,” virtual reality maker Trent Clews-De Castella said. He is one of the creators of virtual reality company Phoria, which is creating experiences specially for child patients, thanks to the help from the Murdoch Children’s Research Institute (MCRI). “Right now we’re creating animal-assisted(动物辅助的) treatment experience together with Zoos Victoria,” Clews-De Castella said. Children could wear a pair of inexpensive VR glasses and find themselves interacting(互动)with a panda or a giraffe.“There’s good evidence that kind of experience is good for pain management and reducing uneasiness,” he said. Clews-De Castella said the project was started thanks to one special family, the Johns from Victoria. “We had created a VR experience for the TV show The Block and we had a call from a family who got in touch with the producers to say their daughter was a huge fan of the show but that she was also very sick and wondered if there was any way we could bring the exciting experience to Beccky. We went to the hospital with the VR experience and she loved it. Afterwards, her father Paul told us how the doctors had praised the experience which had helped improve her condition. ”Unfortunately, Beccky died of cancer, but her love for virtual reality has encouraged this project, which, if all goes according to the plan, will be benefiting lots of young people’s hospital experiences. 1.For whom is the project carried out? A.General VR fans. B.Sick children in hospitals. C.Adult cancer patients. D.Families with cancer patients. 2.What do we know about Clews-De Castella’s company? A.It is working with Zoos Victoria. B.It is doing research with hospitals. C.It is trying to cut VR glasses' prices. D.It is aiming to search for medical evidence. 3.Why did the family call the producers? A.Their daughter hoped to praise the program. B.Their daughter wished to get onto a TV show. C.They wanted their daughter to experience VR. D.They needed to raise money through the show. 4.What caused Phoria to start the project? A.The John’s invitation. B.The MCRI’s research. C.Doctor’s suggestions. D.Beccky’s excitement for VR. 5、根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。 When people have a choice of whom to work with, likability can sometimes matter a little bit more than ability, said Tiziana Casciaro, an associate professor at the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management, who researches likability in the workplace. ①__________These strategies can help: ②__________ You can induce a sense of similarity with almost anybody by finding things you have in common. They may not be apparent right away, so be observant. Great salespeople do this all the time by studying potential customers for bits and pieces of their lives they can relate to. Like someone and they'll like you right back ③__________Flattery(奉承) can convey fondness, but she doesn't recommend using the fake kind, even though it may work. Casciaro said, "Flattery that is completely made up is exhausting and morally blameworthy." Instead, let a praise come from a real place. ④__________For instance, "I really appreciate what you did yesterday." When you give people praises, it goes a very long way towards their liking you back. Be a familiar presence Humans like things that are familiar, so just seeing you around in person makes you more likable to others. "This concept gives a whole new meaning to the idea of face time," Casciaro said.⑤ __________If not, just try to talk to people as much as possible in person during work hours, she advised. You want to maximize rich interactions and cut down on the drier ones, like texts and phone calls. Be sure to be seen. A. Ask a lot of question B. See the positive in a person and express it to him C. What can you do to increase your chances of being liked? D. Find the common points that link you with another person E. It’s almost irresistible that we like people who seem to like us F. Go to after-work drinks if you have time and you would find the outing enjoyable G. People liked a robot that made mistakes more than a robot that performed perfectly 6、 Children adore trains. There is no doubt that more boys like trains than girls, but who knows 1 ? Is it the speed, the power or the size of trains that hold the 2 ? The days have probably passed when most boys 3 to become a train driver, but there are 4 lots of boys who do. 5 , all children like to see toy trains whizzing about a track and this love of toy trains often stays with adult males, 6 seldom with adult females. Many businessmen have attempted to 7 children’s fondness of trains. Some make 8 train setswhile others make excellent train sets that become classics and 9 for many times their price. 10 the actual train sets, there are also stories concerning trains and some of these become real 11 as well. The Polar Express and Thomas the Tank Engine are recent 12 of this. The Polar Express is especially 13 in America, where many homes with young children have 14 Polar Express trains running around the family Christmas tree. The Polar Express was first a book and then a very well-liked children’s movie. Thomas the Tank Engine is better-known in the UK and Europe as a whole. Thomas 15 life as a children’s book in 1946 but only became 16 after cartoons were made in 1984 in the UK. Most of the Thomas the Tank Engine children’s toys were 17 on a length of string instead of being electrified. Train sets are one of the classic gifts for 18 like rocking horses, castles and doll babies. It would be a terrible shame if these old-fashioned toys 19 , because unlike computer games, train sets can be passed on as 20 possessions to future generations. 1.A.when B.where C.how D.why 2.A.position B.appeal C.advantage D.possession 3.A.want B.pretend C.refuse D.fail 4.A.also B.again C.still D.seldom 5.A.On the other hand B.On the contrary C.To make things worse D.In other words 6.A.because B.unless C.though D.when 7.A.take notice of B.take advantage of C.take pride of D.take charge of 8.A.comfortable B.different C.extra D.cheap 9.A.sell B.pay C.charge D.bargain 10.A.Apart from B.Regardless of C.Together with D.Except for 11.A.books B.cartoons C.toys D.planes 12.A.incidents B.instruments C.examples D.origins 13.A.expensive B.popular C.rare D.important 14.A.reliable B.expensive C.unique D.electric 15.A.sacrificed B.saved C.risked D.began 16.A.clear B.famous C.safe D.comfortable 17.A.hanged B.pulled C.created D.pushed 18.A.parents B.graduates C.children D.employees 19.A.died out B.gave out C.went out D.broke out 20.A.damaged B.puzzled C.reduced D.valued 7、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ①__________(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and ②__________work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, ③__________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over ④__________top. When all those had been clone, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines ⑤__________( use) to pull the carriages and it must have been ⑥ __________(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ⑦__________every day. Later,engineers ⑧__________(manage ) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧 道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the ⑨ __________( introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most ⑩__________(success) of these new lines, and wasopened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public. 8、假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。 文中共有 10 处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号( ),并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线划掉。 修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2.只允许修改 10 处,多着(从第 11 处起)不计分。 One night, when Xiao Ming and his father were sleeping, a thief whose face was covering with a piece of cloth entered into the room quietly, holding a knife in his hand. Although he tried to walk as quietly as possibly, Xiao Ming and his father was woken up. Realizing what had happened, they fought brave against the thief. Suddenly Xiao Ming came up an idea. He threw a drawing pin on the floor where the thief might passed. As was expected, the thief stepped on a pin and was badly hurt. Screaming in great pain, the thieves fell down. Xiao Ming and his father took the chance to tie the thief up. With Xiao Ming’s cleverness, they finally win the unexpected battle. 9、机器人正走入我们的日常生活,与人们的关系越来越密切。你校将要举办一场关于“机器 人”的讨论。请你以“Would you like to have a robot in your house?”为题写一篇英语短文表达自 己的观点。 写作要点:1.简述你对机器人的了解; 2.表达你的观点并说明原因  写作要求:1.文章中不得出现个人真实信息; 2.词数 100 左右 Would you like to have a robot in your house? 答案以及解析 1 答案及解析： 答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.B; 4.D 2 答案及解析： 答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.A; 4.B 解析： 本文为议论文。文章主要讨论有关无人驾驶汽车的发展前景和面临的问题。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段 While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options.可知,政策制定者应该讨论无人驾驶车怎么帮助削减交通阻塞,减少尾气排放, 提供更方便、更便宜的出行选择,由此可见人们应该多关注无人驾驶车怎么帮助处理与交通 有关的问题。故选 A。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段 But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.可知,不管花多长时间,这项技术都有可能改变我们的交通系统和我 们的城市,不管是好是坏,这取决于如何这种转变如何被规范,再根据文章最后一句话 The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.可知,我们需要为其做好计划,故作者的主要 关注点是对这种转变的管理规范,故选 D。 3. 词义猜测题。根据第四段 The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题).可知,鉴于自主驾驶的费用以及责任和维护 问题,无人驾驶车几乎可以肯定将会被打车服务使用。故划线词是“被应用”的意思。A. Employed 被应用;B. Replaced 被取代;C. Shared 被分享;D. Reduced 被减少。故选 A。 4. 观点态度题。根据文章最后一段 The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.中的 advancement,move more people, and more affordably.以及 plan for it 可推知,作者是积极的态度。故选 B。 点睛:根据用词风格,推断情感态度。一篇好的文章,其用词风格常常直接流露或蕴含作者的内 心世界和情感态度。所以阅读时要善于捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词句或短语,捕捉那些烘 托气氛,渲染情感的词句,进而很好地洞察作者的思想倾向,是支持、反对抑或中立?对于选项 而言,要分清选项中的褒义词、中性词和贬义词,以此对照全文。 如本题最后一题为观点态度题,根据文中 reduce carbon emissions,cut the cost of transportation infrastructure(基础设施) and operations 40% ,appealing,comfortable,advancement,move more people, and more affordably.,等词汇可以推断出作者对无人驾驶汽车持积极态度。故选 B。 3 答案及解析： 答案：1.B; 2.B; 3.A 4 答案及解析： 答案： 1.B; 2.A; 3.C; 4.D 5 答案及解析： 答案：C; D; E; B; F 6 答案及解析： 答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.A; 4.C; 5.A; 6.C; 7.B; 8.D; 9.A; 10.A; 11.C; 12.C; 13.B; 14.D; 15.D; 16.B; 17.B; 18.C; 19.A; 20.D 解析：1.毫无疑问,孩子喜欢火车,特别是男孩子,但有谁知道为什么(why)呢? 2.这里的 appeal 表示“吸引力,魅力”,符合语境。 3.以前大部分男孩子都想成为火车司机。 4.尽管大部分男孩子想成为火车司机的日子不复存在,但依然(still)有许多孩子有这样的渴望。 5.—方面,许多孩子喜欢火车。另一方面,许多孩子也非常喜欢玩具火车。 6.许多男孩子直到成年,都喜欢玩具火车,不过很少成年女性这样。 7.许多生意人利用(take advantage of)孩子喜欢火车这点来挣钱。 8.这里的“cheap train sets"与后面的“excellent train sets” 相对。 9.生意人生产玩具火车当然是为了卖出(sell)赚钱。 10. 由“there are also stories"中的 also 可知,这里选 A。 11.有些和火车有关的故事后来变成了真正的玩具火车。 12. The Polar Express 和 Thomas the Tank Engine 是两个这样的例子(example)。 13.The Polar Express 在美国受欢迎(popular). 14.在美国有小孩子的家庭都会买电动的 Polar Express 火车玩具,让它围着圣诞树跑. 15.Thomas 刚开始的时候是一本书。 16.直到 Thomas 被改编成卡迪片才出名(famous). 17.Thomas the Tank Engine 玩具火车不是电动的,而是用绳子拉(pull)的。 18.电动火车像摇摆木马、城堡、玩具娃娃一样,是送给孩子(children)的经典礼物。 19.这些玩具如果消失(die out)就太可惜了。 20.它们可以作为珍贵的财产,代代相传。 7 答案及解析： 答案：crowds; from; laying; the; were used; fairly; it; managed; introduction; successful 解析： 1. crowds 本题考查名词。avoid'‘避免”后可跟名词或动名词作宾语。因为此空前有形容词 terrible 修饰,故排除动名词形式;crowd 作“人群”解时，为可数名词,故需用复数形式。 2. from 本题考查介词。由语境可知此处指“上下班(to and from work) ”。 3.laying 本题考查动名词作宾语。由上文中的 included digging 和下文的 and then building 可 知,此处为并列的动名词作 included 的宾语。 4. the 本题考查冠词。此处表特指.故需用定冠词修饰名词。 5. were used 本题考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语 Steam engines 和 use 之间为被动 关系,且由上文语境和下文的 must have been 可知叙述的是过去发生的事,故需用一般过去时 的被动语态;又因主语是名词的复数形式,故 be 动词需用 were。 6. fairly 本题考查副词。修饰形容词 unpleasant 需用副词形式,故填 fairly。 7. it 本题考査代词。此处指代上文中提到的 the railway,需用代词 it。 8. managed 本题考查动词的时态。此处叙述的是过去的事情,需用一般过去时,故答案为动词 的过去式。 9.introduction 本题考查名词。由空前的定冠词可知,此处:用名词形式,动问 introduce 去“e”加 后缀-tion 构成名词形式。 10.successful 本题考查形容词。由句意“伦敦中心地铁是这些新铁路线中最成功的线路之 一……”可知句子的主干为主系表结构,此处为形容词作表语,the most 暗示了答案。 8 答案及解析： 答案： One night, when Xiao Ming and his father were sleeping, a thief whose face was with a piece of cloth entered into the room quietly, holding a knife in his hand. Although he tried to walk as quietly as , Xiao Ming and his father woken up. Realizing what had happened, they fought against the thief. Suddenly Xiao Ming came up an idea. He threw a drawing pin on the floor where the thief might . As was expected, the thief stepped on pin and was badly hurt. Screaming in great pain, the fell down. Xiao Ming and his father took the chance to tie the thief up. With Xiao Ming’s cleverness, they finally the unexpected battle. 9 答案及解析： cov covering ered possibly possible was were brave bravely with passed pass a the thieves thief win won 答案： Would you like to have a robot in your house? Robots are approaching us. There is no denying that robots are getting involved in many aspects of our life, such as communication, transportation and entertainment. As for me,I am curious about robots and eager to have one in my house. Firstly, the robot may help with the housework, which can lighten my mother^s burden. Also the robot can keep me company when needed. I can turn to it whenever I have problems. So robots really bring great convenience to us. Although the present robots still have some disadvantages, I do want to have one and I believe the future robots can offer better service.